Isithombe: Umsebenzi weTyrosine kanye Neurotransmitter

Lokhu kunikezwa kwe-3D okumangalisayo kucwilisa isibukeli ezweni le-microscope yomsebenzi we-neuronal, okunikeza umfanekiso ocacile wendima ebalulekile edlalwa yi-tyrosine ku-neurotransmitter synthesis. Maphakathi nendawo yokwakheka, i-neuron inweba ama-dendrite ayo egatsha kanye namatheminali e-axon ngemininingwane ekhazimulayo, enikezwa ngephalethi elikhazimulayo lamawolintshi afudumele nokubomvu. La mathoni avuthayo asikisela ubungqabavu namandla, afanekisela amathonya kagesi aleso sifundo ngokusebenzisa isimiso sezinzwa. Ingaphezulu le-neuron libonakala liphila ngokuthungwa, ulwelwesi lwalo lukhanyiswa kancane ukukhanya okuqondisayo, okuthuthukisa ubukhulu-ntathu besakhiwo futhi kudlulise ubunkimbinkimbi bezinqubo ezembuleka ngaphakathi. Ngokumelene nesizinda esilufifi, esilufifi kancane, inzwa ime ngokukhululeka okukhulu, idonsela ukunaka kombukeli kulo mhlaba oseduze, ongabonakali lapho amakhemikhali nesayensi yezinto eziphilayo ehlangana khona ukuze kwakhe umcabango, ukunyakaza, kanye nemizwelo.

Isuka ku-neuron, imicu ethambile ifinyelela ngaphandle njengethenda, ifinyelele umvuthwandaba kumatheminali ayindilinga e-synaptic lapho kwenzeka khona ukudluliswa kwemizwa. Kulapha lapho isithombe sethula khona ukuba khona okungokomfanekiso kwamangqamuzana e-tyrosine, aphinde acatshangelwa njengamambulunga akhazimulayo, ashintshashintshayo ezimeni ezihlukahlukene zoguquko. Amanye ama-sphere ahlangana eduze kolwelwesi lwe-neuron, akhazimula sengathi ashajwe ngamandla anamandla, kuyilapho amanye abonakala ededelwe phakathi nendawo, ezungeza ku-synaptic cleft njengoba ehamba ebheke kuma-receptors lawo aqondiwe. Le mikhakha ihlanganisa uhambo lwe-biochemical lwe-tyrosine njengoba inomthelela ekukhiqizeni ama-neurotransmitters abalulekile njenge-dopamine, i-norepinephrine, ne-epinephrine. Ikhwalithi yazo ekhanyayo ayigcizeleli nje ukubaluleka kwazo kuphela kodwa futhi nomuzwa wokunyakaza nokushintshana okungaguquki, ibamba amandla esistimu ekuguquguqukeni okungapheli. Ukukhetha ukuwenza abe nemibala ebonisa ngale, efana negugu kuqinisa ubuthakathaka kanye nenani lawo, senanela indima yawo ebalulekile ekugcineni ukucaca kwengqondo, ukulawula imizwa, kanye nezimpendulo eziguquguqukayo kukucindezeleka.

Ukukhanya okuthambile, okuqondisayo okugcwala indawo yesehlakalo kungeza kokubili ukunemba kwesayensi kanye nedrama ecishe ibe yesinema. Okugqamile kuyacwebezela ezandisweni ze-neuron, kuyilapho izithunzi ezicashile zigoba endaweni yayo, ziqopha ukujula futhi zigcizelela ukwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi kwamagatsha e-dendritic. Ukusebenzisana kokukhanya nesithunzi kukhombisa ibhalansi ethambile ye-neurotransmission ngokwayo: inqubo lapho isikhathi, ukugxilisa ingqondo, nokwakheka kufanele kuhambisane kahle ukuze kugcinwe ukuxhumana okunempilo phakathi kwamaseli obuchopho. Izikhungo ezikhazimulayo zama-sphere athathwe yi-tyrosine zisebenza njengamaphoyinti okukhanya ngaphakathi kokuqanjwe, ziqinisa ukubuka kombukeli futhi zifanekisela izinhlansi zomsebenzi wengqondo—izikhathi zokugxila, inkumbulo, noma imizwa evela kusisekelo samangqamuzana.

Ingemuva, nakuba lifiphele libe ama-gradient athambile amathoni afudumele, lidlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni isithombe esimaphakathi. Ubungu bayo bomkhathi buphakamisa kokubili ubukhulu benethiwekhi ye-neural kanye nemfihlakalo yezinqubo ezingabonakali eziphuma ngaphandle kumcimbi ngamunye we-synaptic. Lesi silungiselelo esisabalele sinikeza ukungafani kuma-neuron anemininingwane ecacile nama-neurotransmitters, ahlanganisa idrama ye-microcosmic ngaphakathi komongo obanzi wobunzima obungapheli bobuchopho. Umphumela uwukudala umuzwa wokucwiliswa emanzini: umbukeli akagcini nje ngokubuka i-neuron kodwa uhlala okwesikhashana embonweni wayo, edonselwa ekuhambeni kwamasignali kanye ne-symphony yamakhemikhali eyembuleka ezingeni lamangqamuzana.

Ngalé kobuhle bayo bobuchwepheshe, ukuhumusha kuqukethe ukulandisa okujulile komqondo. Ngokugqamisa ukubaluleka kwe-tyrosine ekuhlanganiseni ama-neurotransmitters, igcizelela indima ye-amino acid njengesisekelo sempilo yobuchopho nolwazi lomuntu uqobo. Imbulunga enemibalabala, ecwebezela ubungqabavu, ayifanekiseli ama- molecule kuphela kodwa futhi izenzakalo ezingaphatheki ezikwaziyo—isisusa, ukuqina, ukuphaphama, nenjabulo. Ngale ndlela, isithombe sisebenza njengomfanekiso wesayensi nesingathekiso, ukuvala igebe phakathi kwebhayoloji yamangqamuzana nokuphila okungokoqobo komuntu. Ithwebula ubudlelwano obuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwe-tyrosine kanye ne-neurotransmission, iguqula inqubo yamakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo ibe umbukwane okhanyayo okhuluma ngokuhlangana okujulile kwempilo esikalini sayo esincane nesibaluleke kakhulu.

Isithombe sihlobene: Isimo, Ukugqugquzelwa, I-Metabolism: Kungani I-Tyrosine Idinga Indawo Esitaki Sakho Sokwengeza