Isithombe: I-D-Ribose nempilo yenhliziyo

Kulo mfanekiso ophawulekayo, inhliziyo yomuntu yethulwa njengesitho esibalulekile futhi iyisizinda sempilo esingokomfanekiso, esinikezwa ngokucacile nangobuhle obuhlanganisa imikhakha yesayensi nezobuciko. Ifomu layo linembe ngokwe-anatomically, lithwebula ama-ventricles ayindilinga, i-arching aorta, kanye nemikhumbi yamagatsha enwebeka ngaphandle njengezintambo zokuphila ezihamba emzimbeni. Amathoni abomvu agcwele inhliziyo adlulisa ukubaluleka kwayo kwezinto eziphilayo kuphela kodwa futhi ukuxhumana kwayo okungokomfanekiso nobungqabavu, uthando, kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo kwempilo ngokwayo. Ukuhumusha kuqokomisa ukuthungwa kwemicu yemisipha nobunkimbinkimbi obubucayi bemithambo yenhliziyo, kugcizelela ukwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi kwenhliziyo nokusebenza okungapheli njengenjini yokuphila komuntu.

Okubekwe phezulu kulesi sitho wumfanekiso ogqamile we-molecule ye-D-ribose, ehlanganiswe ngaphandle komthungo ekulandiseni okubukwayo. I-molecule yenziwe isitayela ngokubomvu okugqamile, ama-node ayo ayindilinga axhunywe amabhondi ejometri akha isakhiwo se-pentose esibonakalayo. Ibekwe ngamabomu—ingaphakathi enhliziyweni, kodwa ikhanya ngokugqamile—okusikisela kokubili indima yayo yamakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo nokubaluleka kwayo okungokomfanekiso. Ngokuhlanganisa isithombe samangqamuzana esimisweni sokwakheka kwenhliziyo, lo mfanekiso udlulisela ukuxhumana okujulile phakathi kokukhiqizwa kwamandla amangqamuzana nempilo yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Kunjengokungathi ingqamuzana ngokwalo lishisa inhliziyo ngokuqondile, lifaka ukushaya ngakunye ngamandla eliwadingayo ukuze kuqhubeke ukuphila. Umfanekiso wamangqamuzana ubonakala ukhanya, njengokungathi udonsa isigqi ngesitho, isikhumbuzo esibonakalayo sokuthi emnyombweni wakho wonke ukusifinyeza kukhona inqwaba yokusabela kwamakhemikhali e-biochemical okusekelwa izinhlanganisela ezifana ne-D-ribose.

Ingemuva liyi-minimalist futhi lingaphansi, i-gradient ethambile yemibala ephaphathekile evumela isihloko ukuthi sivelele ngokungenakuphikiswa. Ukungabikho kokuphazamiseka kukhulisa umuzwa wokugxila nokucaca, kudala isigaba esihlanzekile lapho inhliziyo ne-molecule ingayala ukunakwa okugcwele. Ukukhanyisa kuthambile kodwa kwenziwa ngamabomu, kuveza izithunzi ezicashile ezinikeza ubukhulu kumajika nemithambo yenhliziyo. Lokhu kusakazeka kokukhanya kuthambisa ukunemba okungokwesayensi kwesithombe, kusenze singeneke futhi sivumelane. Kunomqondo wokulinganisela lapha, ukulinganisa hhayi kuphela ekwakhiweni kodwa ngokomqondo: i-organic kanye ne-molecular, ngokomzimba namakhemikhali, i-macro kanye ne-micro, konke okwethulwa ngombono ohlangene wezempilo.

Amandla alo mfanekiso awakona nje kuphela ukunemba kwawo kwesayensi kodwa futhi nokuzwakala kwawo okungokomfanekiso. Inhliziyo yaziwa emhlabeni wonke njengengqikithi yokuphila, kuyilapho i-D-ribose, nakuba ingajwayelekile kangako kubabukeli jikelele, iya ngokuya ihlotshaniswa namandla, ukululama, nokusekelwa kwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Ngokuhlanganisa kokubili, umsebenzi wobuciko udlulisela umlayezo wezemfundo kanye nowomzwelo: ukuthi inhlalakahle yenhliziyo iboshelwe ngokuyinkimbinkimbi ezisekelweni ze-biochemical zokukhiqiza amandla ezingeni lamaselula. Kulabo abajwayele i-biochemistry, i-molecule ibonakala ngokushesha njengoshukela obalulekile ohilelekile ekuhlanganiseni kwe-ATP, imali yamandla omhlaba wonke yokuphila. Kwabanye, kuwuphawu lokondleka kanye nokwenza kabusha, okuqinisa ngokubonakalayo isithembiso sokuqina nokukhuthazela okuthuthukisiwe.

Imithambo nemithambo edonsa phezu kwenhliziyo yengeza enye incazelo. Amaphethini awo amagatsha afana nezimpande noma ama-tributaries, agcizelela indima yenhliziyo njengomthombo kanye nomsabalalisi wokuphila. Lezi zindlela eziphilayo, uma zibhekwa eduze kwejiyomethri ehlelekile ye-molecule ye-D-ribose, iphakamisa ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezinhlelo zemvelo zebhayoloji kanye namabhulokhi wokwakha ayisisekelo azigcinayo. I-juxtaposition isebenza njengesikhumbuzo sokuthi ngisho nemisebenzi yesitho eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu incike ezisekelweni zamangqamuzana, nokuthi izithasiselo ezifana ne-D-ribose zidlala indima ebalulekile ekusekeleni lezo zinqubo, ikakhulukazi ezikhathini zokucindezeleka noma ukukhathala.

Sekukonke, isithombe sizuza ibhalansi eyivelakancane yokunemba kobuchwepheshe, ukucolisiswa kobuhle, nokujula komqondo. Ikhuluma ngobungqabavu benhliziyo hhayi nje njengesakhiwo sokwakheka komzimba kodwa njengophawu lokuqina nokuvuselela, futhi ibeka i-D-ribose njengozakwethu obalulekile ekusekeleni lobo bunzima. Ngokuhlanganisa kwawo ngokucophelela imininingwane ye-anatomical, izimpawu zamangqamuzana, nomklamo wobuciko, lo mfanekiso uba okungaphezu komdwebo wesayensi—ushintsha ube ukuzindla okubonakalayo kwamandla, impilo, kanye nokuxhumana okuyinkimbinkimbi okusekela ukuphila kusukela engqamuzaneni elincane kakhulu kuya ekushayeni okuqine kakhulu kwenhliziyo yomuntu.

Isithombe sihlobene: Ukusuka Ekukhathaleni Kuya Kumafutha: Ukuvula Ukusebenza Okuphakeme Nge-D-Ribose