Isithombe: Ukwakheka Kwethambo Elinempilo

Isithombe sinikeza ukubonwa okunemininingwane emangalisayo futhi okucishe kube okubaziweyo kohlelo lwamathambo abantu, okugxile ekwakhiweni okuyinkimbinkimbi kwezicubu zamathambo ezinempilo. Ngaphambili, i-cross-section ekhulisiwe yembula ubunkimbinkimbi obucebile besakhiwo sangaphakathi sethambo. Umbukeli udonswa ngokushesha ethanjeni le-trabecular, noma eliyisiponji, elibonakala njengento ethambile kodwa eqinile yezintambo ezixhumeneyo nemishayo. Lokhu kwakheka okufana nekhekheba lezinyosi kuhlelwe ngendlela ekhulisa kokubili amandla nokuvumelana nezimo, isimangaliso sobunjiniyela bemvelo esivumela amathambo ukuba amelane nokucindezeleka okukhulu kwemishini komsebenzi wansuku zonke. Phakathi kwale nethiwekhi kukhona amadiphozi anamaminerali acwebezela ngokugqamile okucashile ngaphansi kokukhanya okuthambile, okuqondisayo, okufanekisela ukuba khona kwemisoco ebalulekile njenge-calcium ne-phosphorus enikeza ithambo ukuminyana nokuqina kwalo okuyisici. Okuzungeza le webhu engaphakathi kukhona ithambo lekholamu, elibushelelezi neliminyene, okwakha igobolondo elingaphandle elivikelayo elichaza umumo nokuqina kohlaka lwamathambo.

Emkhakheni omaphakathi, uhlaka lwamathambo olubanzi luyavela, oluvezwe ngokucaca okuhle kwe-anatomical. Izimbambo, umgogodla, nebhande lehlombe kunwebeka phezulu, kunikeze umongo nesikali esigabeni esikhulisiwe ngaphambili. Lokhu kuhumusha okubonakala kancane kuvumela isibukeli ukuthi sibone ukuqhubeka phakathi kwezakhiwo ezincane nezinkulu—indlela ithambo ngalinye, kuze kube yi-trabeculae yalo encane, elinikela ngayo emandleni nasekuvumelanani kohlaka lomuntu. Ukuhlangana okubonakalayo kwesakhiwo sangaphakathi esinemininingwane ngokumelene nohlaka lwamathambo olujwayeleke kakhudlwana gcizelela ukuthi umzimba uxhumeke ngokujule kangakanani, kusikhumbuza ukuthi okwenzeka ezingeni lamangqamuzana namangqamuzana kunemithelela ejulile yempilo kanye nokusebenza komzimba kukonke.

Ingemuva lingaphansi, liyafiphala libe ama-gradient athambile aphakamisa ngobumnene ubukhona bezicubu zomzimba nezicubu ezixhumene ngaphandle kokudonsa ukugxila emathanjeni ngokwawo. Lesi sangemuva esicashile siwumkhathi kakhulu kunongokoqobo, sivusa umuzwa wohlaka lwamathambo njengesisekelo esifihliwe lapho zonke ezinye izinhlelo zomzimba zithembele khona. Ibonisa ibhalansi ethambile phakathi kwethambo, imisipha, ithoni, nomsipha—ibhalansi okuthi, lapho inakekelwa, idale izimo zokuhamba, amandla, nobungqabavu.

Ukukhanyisa kudlala indima ebalulekile kulokhu kwakheka, okunemfudumalo, okuvelele okuqondisayo okwehlela kumakhonsathi angaphezulu kwamathambo. Le mishayo emnene ikhanyisa ubukhulu bezicubu zohlaka lwamathambo, ibamba imiphetho yamanethiwekhi e-trabecular kanye nezindawo ezibushelelezi zethambo le-cortical ngendlela eyenza isithombe sizizwe singokomtholampilo kanye nobuciko. Izithunzi zengeza ukujula, zigqamisa ubunkimbinkimbi bezakhiwo kuyilapho zigxilisa isithombe ngomqondo wenhlonipho ethule, njengokungathi uhlaka lwamathambo luyisihloko socwaningo lwesayensi nomsebenzi wobuciko oqoshwe imvelo.

Isimo esidluliswayo singokunemba nokucaca kwezemfundo, nokho sithwele isiqephu esingaphansi kokumangala ngobunkimbinkimbi bomklamo webhayoloji. Ngokugxila emandleni nasekuminyeneni kwezicubu zamathambo ezinempilo, isithombe ngokwemvelo simema ukuzindla ngokubaluleka kokugcina impilo yamathambo impilo yonke. Iphakamisa amandla okuvimbela okudla okunomsoco-i-calcium, i-vitamin D, namaprotheni-kanye nendima yokuguqula indlela yokuphila yokuphila njengokuzivocavoca okuthwala isisindo nokuqeqeshwa kwamandla. Ukuqeqeshwa kokumelana ikakhulukazi kuvuselela inqubo yokulungisa kabusha eqinisa izakhiwo ze-trabecular futhi ithuthukise ukuminyana kwamaminerali, okwenza amathambo angasebenzi nje kodwa aqine ngokumelene nezingozi zokuguga kanye nobuthaka.

Ekugcineni, lesi sithombe singaphezu kokumelela okumile kwe-anatomy; kuwukulandisa okubonakalayo okumayelana namandla, ukuqina, kanye nezikafula ezibalulekile ezisekela ukuphila komuntu. Ukuhlangana kwezakhiwo ezincane ezikhulisiwe nesimo somuntu esibonakalayo kwenza kucace ukuthi impilo yamathambo akuyona into ekhathaza abantu kodwa iyisisekelo sempilo yonke. Ikhuthaza ababukeli ukuthi babheke ngaphansi kwemizimba yabo futhi babone amandla angaphakathi—izakhiwo ezingabonakali kodwa ezibalulekile ezisivumela ukuthi sinyakaze, sikhule, futhi sichume.

Isithombe sihlobene: Kungani ukuqeqeshwa kwamandla kubalulekile empilweni yakho