Isithombe: Izinga le-cholesterol egazini le-artery cross-section

Lo mfanekiso uveza isithombe esinemininingwane emangalisayo yokwakheka kwe-cholesterol emithanjeni yegazi, kusetshenziswa ukubuka okuphambene ukuze kwembule lokho ngokuvamile okungabonakali ngeso lenyama. Umthambo uboniswa njengeshubhu eliyisilinda, elisikiwe livuleke ukuze liveze ukusebenza kwangaphakathi kokugeleza kwegazi kanye namadiphozithi anqwabelanayo angalimaza impilo yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Ngaphakathi odongeni lwe-arterial, amaqoqo ezinhlayiya eziyindilinga, ze-waxy amelela amadiphozithi e-cholesterol, izindawo zawo ezibushelelezi ziwanikeza isisindo esicishe sibonakale kanye nokuminyana. Bacindezela ulwelwesi lwangaphakathi lomkhumbi, banciphise indlela igazi elingageleza ngayo. Ilume eliwumngcingo liqokonyiswa ngemicibisholo ebonisa ukunyakaza kwegazi, isikhumbuzo sokuthi ukugeleza kuphoqeleka ngephaseji elivinjelwe, okubonisa ingozi engaba khona yokuphazamiseka kokujikeleza kwegazi.

Amathoni abushelelezi, abomvu odongeni lwe-artery ahluke ne-cholesterol ephaphathekile, ecishe ifane neparele, okwenza ukuvinjwa kubonakale ngokushesha futhi kube lula ukukuqonda. Ukwendlaleka kwesakhiwo se-arterial kunikezwa ngokucophelela, ulwelwesi lwangaphakathi luboniswa njengendawo encane, ethambile egcizelelwa i-plaque enqwabelanayo. Lokhu kungezwani phakathi kwezindlela zemvelo ezibushelelezi ezibushelelezi kanye nokwakheka okuhlaselayo kubonisa inqubo ehamba kancane kodwa eyingozi engaholela ezimeni ezifana nesifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi, isifo senhliziyo, noma unhlangothi. Imicibisholo eqondisa iso lesibukeli ekuhambeni kwegazi idala umuzwa wokunyakaza, igcizelela ngobuqili ukuphuthuma kokugcina imikhumbi ecacile, enempilo ukuze ijikeleze ngendlela efanele.

Ngasemuva, isithombe sishintsha sisuka ku-macro siye kokuncane, sibonisa ukuchazwa kweleveli ye-cholesterol. Izakhiwo zamangqamuzana, ezihunyushwa njengeziyindilinga nemigqa exhunyiwe, zindizela ngokusabalale, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okumelela iqiniso lamakhemikhali elingemuva kwamadiphozithi abonakalayo. Lokhu kwendlaleka kwemibono—ukubuka kwe-macro anatomical ngaphambili kanye nokubuka kwamakhemikhali amancane ngemuva—kunikeza ukuqonda okuphelele kwe-cholesterol njengokuyikho kokubili kwesakhiwo emithanjeni nasebhizinisini lamakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo elinemiphumela ejulile empilweni yomuntu. Ukukhanya okuthambile okuzungeze lezi zinhlobo zamangqamuzana kuthuthukisa ubukhulu bawo obuthathu, kunikeze umqondo wokuthi antanta ku-ether yesayensi, okuvala igebe phakathi kwesayensi yezinto eziphilayo kanye nekhemistri.

Iphalethi yombala ihlanganisa okubomvu kwemvelo kwethishu ephilayo nemibala yesayensi epholile efana noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokumpunga, okwenza kube nebhalansi phakathi kokwangempela nomfanekiso womqondo. Lokhu kusetshenziswa ngokucophelela kombala akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukucaca okubonakalayo kodwa futhi kuvusa isimo somtholampilo lapho i-cholesterol icutshungulwa, ikalwa futhi ilawulwa khona. Umphumela uba isithombe esizizwa sifundisa futhi sixwayisa, sikhanyisa inqubo ethule engenzeka ngaphakathi emzimbeni ngaphandle kwezimpawu kuze kube yilapho ifinyelela esigabeni esibucayi.

Ngaphandle kwenhloso yaso yesayensi esheshayo, isithombe sisebenza njengesingathekiso esibonakalayo sokubaluleka kokulinganisela ngaphakathi komzimba. Njengoba nje umthambo wegazi kumelwe uhlale uvulekile futhi ungavimbeki ukuze igazi elisekela ukuphila ligeleze, ngokufanayo nendlela yokuphila, ukudla, nokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kumelwe kuhambisane ukuze kuvinjelwe ukunqwabelana koqweqwe oluyingozi. Kungumfanekiso othintana nakho kokubili ulwazi nesixwayiso, oklanyelwe ukwenza izinqubo zebhayoloji eziyinkimbinkimbi zifinyeleleke kanye nokugcizelela ukubaluleka kokulawulwa kwe-cholesterol ekugcineni impilo yonke yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.

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