Shaye-shaye a cikin Giya: Dunav

Kusa da sabbin koren Dunav hop a kan teburin katako mai ban mamaki tare da gilashin giya mai launin zinare mai sanyi da gonakin sha'ir masu laushi da faɗuwar rana.
Danna ko danna hoton don ƙarin bayani da kuma ƙuduri mafi girma.

Wannan labarin ya yi nazari kan nau'in Dunav hop, wanda ya ƙunshi muhimman batutuwa game da yin giya. Za ku koyi game da alpha da beta acid ɗinsa, matakan co-humulone, yanayin mai, da kuma ilimin aikin gona. Hakanan ya bincika yadda Dunav ke yin aiki a girke-girke. Ko kai ƙwararren mai yin giya ne, mai yin giya na sana'a, ko mai yin giya na gida a Amurka, fahimtar Dunav zai iya jagorantar yanke shawara. Yana da amfani musamman don tantance rawar da yake takawa a cikin amfani da giya mai ɗaci, ƙamshi, ko amfani da shi a cikin giya mai amfani biyu.

Key Takeaways

• Dunav hops nau'in hops ne na ƙasar Serbia da aka haɓaka a shekarun 1960 don inganta yawan amfanin gona idan aka kwatanta da Backa.
• Samar da hops na Dunav ya kasance mai iyaka, don haka samun hops na Dunav na iya zama na yanki da kuma na lokaci-lokaci.
• Bayanan USDA/ARS suna ba da manyan bayanai kan sinadarai don tsara girke-girke da kuma nazarin su.
• Dunav yana ba da daidaiton ɗaci da ƙamshi mai amfani a cikin nau'ikan giya daban-daban.
• Fahimtar yanayin mai da kuma yadda ake adana shi yana taimakawa wajen adana dandanon giya da aka gama.

Gabatarwa game da hops na Dunav da wurin da suke yin giya

Hops na Dunav sun mamaye wani wuri na musamman a tsakanin nau'ikan Turai. Ana daraja su saboda yanayinsu mai amfani biyu, suna ba da ɗaci da ƙamshi mai laushi. Wannan yana sa su zama abin sha'awa ga masu yin giya waɗanda ke neman sinadarai na musamman waɗanda suka samo asali daga Turai ta Tsakiya.

Asalin hops ɗin Dunav yana da ban sha'awa. Sun samo asali ne tun daga shekarun 1960 a tsohuwar Yugoslavia. Manufar ita ce a maye gurbin Backa da itacen inabi mai juriya, wanda ke kiyaye manyan halaye na yin giya. Wannan ƙoƙarin ya haifar da hop mai siffar triploid, cakuda Northern Brewer, Styrian Golding, da kuma namijin daji. Wannan haɗin na musamman yana ƙara ƙamshi da ɗaci.

Kiwo na hop na Serbia a tsakiyar karni na 20 ya jaddada halaye masu amfani. Masu bincike sun mayar da hankali kan yawan amfanin ƙasa, juriya ga cututtuka, da kuma daidaiton matakan alpha acid. Dunav ya nuna waɗannan manufofi yayin da yake kiyaye yanayin ɗanɗano daban-daban. Yana aiki a matsayin misali mai mahimmanci a cikin nazarin ci gaban hop na yanki.

Amfani da Dunav a kasuwanni abu ne mai sauƙi. Duk da manufar da aka nufa, Dunav bai taɓa samun karɓuwa ba a tsakanin manyan masu samar da shi. Kasancewarsa galibi yana iyakance ga Serbia da yankuna masu kusa. Ƙananan masu samar da kayayyaki lokaci-lokaci suna ba da Dunav, suna jigilar shi zuwa cikin gida idan kayayyaki suka samu dama. Wannan ya sa ya zama samfuri mai mahimmanci maimakon babban abin sha'awa.

To, me yasa masu yin giya ya kamata su yi la'akari da Dunav? Tsarinsa na alpha acid mai canzawa da matsakaicin beta acid yana ba da sassauci a girke-girke. Masu yin giya na gida da kamfanonin yin giya na iya amfani da Dunav don ɗaci, ƙarawa a ƙarshen lokaci, ko tsalle-tsalle a busasshe. Wannan yana ƙara ɗanɗanon ganye da na itace ga giyarsu. Ga waɗanda ke neman yin gwaji da sinadarai na musamman ko madadin hops na yau da kullun, Dunav abu ne mai mahimmanci.

Hotunan shimfidar wuri na bishiyoyin hop masu kore a kan bishiyoyin katako na ƙauye a gaba tare da gidan giya na gargajiya da aka yi da katako da kuma filayen hatsi da aka birgima a ƙarƙashin sararin sama mai shuɗi mai ɗumi.
Danna ko danna hoton don ƙarin bayani da kuma ƙuduri mafi girma.

Bayanin Tsirrai da zuriyar Dunav

Dunav wani nau'in hop ne da aka noma, yana da tarihin kiwo mai haske da halaye masu mahimmanci ga manoma da masu yin giya. Tsarin halittarsa yana bayyana bambancin karatun alpha acid da kuma ƙarfin aikin gona. Shuke-shuken yana nuna balaga a ƙarshen kakar tare da ƙarfin girma mai yawa, wanda hakan ya sa ya shahara a tsakanin nau'ikan yankuna.

Iyaye masu juna biyu

Dunav ya fito ne daga giciye mai siffar triploid wanda ya ƙunshi giciyen Northern Brewer, zuriyar Styrian Golding, da kuma namijin daji. Halittar Triploid na iya haifar da faffadan canji a cikin bayyanar alpha acid kuma yana ba da fasaloli na musamman na noma. Wannan kiwo yana da nufin haɗa kwanciyar hankali daga Northern Brewer da ƙamshi mai daɗi daga zuriyar Styrian Golding yayin da yake ƙara juriya ta hanyar namijin daji.

Nau'ikan 'yan'uwa

Wannan nau'in yana tare da 'yan'uwan hop da aka haɓaka a cikin shirye-shiryen Tsakiyar Turai. Neoplanta da Vojvodina suna da rabo daga asalin kwayoyin halitta da manufofin kiwo. Kwatanta waɗannan nau'ikan yana taimakawa wajen fayyace rawar da Dunav ke takawa a cikin ƙoƙarin zaɓen hop na yanki.

Halayen Shuke-shuke

• Yawan girma: Yana da yawa sosai, yana haifar da ci gaban bines mai ƙarfi da kuma rufewar rufin cikin sauri.
• Balaga a lokacin girbi: A makare; tagogi na girbi sau da yawa suna faɗuwa bayan nau'ikan kasuwanci da yawa.
• Girman da yawan mazugi: Bayanan martaba suna lura da kyakkyawan girman mazugi da yawan ƙarfi ba tare da ainihin ƙididdigar bayanai na farko ba; yawan amfanin da aka lura yana tallafawa saitin mazugi mai samarwa.

Bayanan yawan amfanin gona, kimanin kilogiram 1565 a kowace hekta (kimanin fam 1,400 a kowace eka), suna nuna ƙarfin amfanin gona duk da ƙarancin karɓuwa daga kasuwanci. Waɗannan ma'aunin sun sa Dunav ya zama zaɓi mai kyau inda manoma ke neman nau'ikan iri masu amfani waɗanda ke da asali a cikin dangin Dunav da kuma la'akari da dangin Northern Brewer cross da Styrian Golding.

Zane-zanen tsirrai na Dunav hop cones da ke rataye a kan bishiyoyi masu kore tare da tsaunuka masu hasken rana da sararin sama mai shuɗi a bango.
Danna ko danna hoton don ƙarin bayani da kuma ƙuduri mafi girma.

Halayen ƙamshi da dandano da suka shafi yin giya

Dunav yana da ƙamshi mai daidaito, wanda ya faɗi tsakanin hops na gargajiya da kuma nau'ikan ƙamshi na zamani. Yana gabatar da ɗanɗanon resinous da na itace tare da ƙamshin ganye. Wannan bayanin shaida ne na gadon Northern Brewer da Styrian Golding. Yana ƙara tsari ba tare da ya fi ƙarfin malt ba.

Ƙanshin man hop na Dunav yana da alaƙa da jimillar adadin mai da ya kai kimanin 1.19 mL/100g. Ya ƙunshi myrcene, humulene, caryophyllene, da farnesene. Myrcene yana ba da damar yin kama da resinous da kore mai kama da citrus amma yana ƙafe da sauri a ƙarƙashin zafi.

A gefe guda kuma, Humulene yana ba da ƙanshin itace da yaji wanda ke jure wa ta hanyar sarrafa shi da kyau. Caryophyllene yana ƙara ɗanɗanon barkono da yaji, yana ƙara wa giya mai duhu ko malt-forward. Farnesene yana gabatar da ɗanɗanon kore da furanni kaɗan, musamman a cikin giya mai ƙarancin IBU, mai ɗorewa.

Waɗannan mahaɗan suna haɗuwa don ƙirƙirar yanayin ɗanɗanon hop wanda ke daraja ƙananan sarkakiyar da ke tsakanin esters na 'ya'yan itace masu ƙarfi. Lokacin tsalle-tsalle yana shafar wane mai ne ke ƙarewa a cikin giya ta ƙarshe. Ƙarin kettle na farko galibi yana ba da gudummawa ga ɗacin da aka samo daga alpha-acid.

Abubuwan da ke da saurin canzawa kamar myrcene suna ɓacewa a lokacin tafasa, suna rage sabbin abubuwan da ke ɗauke da resin.

• Tumatir na ƙarshe da kuma hops na whirlpool suna riƙe da ƙarin humulene da caryophyllene, suna ƙara ƙamshi mai kamshi da yaji ba tare da citrus mai yawa ba.
• Dry hop Dunav yana haskaka launin kore, fure, da kuma kayan yaji daga farnesene da caryophyllene yayin da yake kiyaye ƙashin bayan humulene.

Ga masu yin giya da ke son ƙamshi mai ƙarfi, ƙarin da aka raba yana da tasiri. Yi amfani da wani ɓangare don yanayin kettle na ƙarshe da kuma busasshen Dunav charge don dawo da launin kore da furanni masu ɗagawa. Wannan hanyar tana amfani da yanayin ƙamshin man hop yayin da take sarrafa ɗaci da rashin ƙarfi.

Hotunan shimfidar wuri na filin tsalle-tsalle mai haske a cikin hasken rana mai launin zinari tare da raƙuman hop kore masu raɓa, ganga mai kama da katako mai kama da hop sabo, hazo mai laushi, tuddai masu birgima, da sararin sama mai shuɗi mai haske.
Danna ko danna hoton don ƙarin bayani da kuma ƙuduri mafi girma.

Sinadaran sinadarai: alpha acid, beta acid, da co-humulone

Sinadaran Dunav suna da matuƙar muhimmanci ga masu yin giya. Sinadaran alpha acid ɗinsa sun bambanta daga 5.1% zuwa 9.6%, waɗanda suka shafi kwayoyin halitta da yanayin wurin. Wannan kewayon yana sanya Dunav a matsayin mai matsakaicin ɗaci zuwa mai yawa. Masu yin giya dole ne su yi la'akari da takamaiman amfanin gonakin inabi da girbi yayin tsara girke-girke.

Beta acids a cikin Dunav sun kai daga 2.8% zuwa 4.6%. Waɗannan mahadi ba su da wani tasiri sosai a cikin ɗacin sabo na hop. Duk da haka, suna ƙara zama masu mahimmanci yayin ajiya da tsufa. Beta acids masu oxidized na iya haifar da ɗacin da ke ci gaba da canzawa akan lokaci.

Co-humulone yana samar da kusan kashi 30% na alpha acid na Dunav. Wannan yana cikin tsakiyar nau'in girkin hops. Tare da kashi 30% na co-humulone, Dunav na iya bayar da cizo mai kauri. Duk da haka, bai kamata ya haifar da ƙarewa mai tsauri ba idan aka yi amfani da shi da kyau.

Bayanan aiki ga masu yin giya:

• Daidaita ƙarin abubuwan da ke haifar da ɗaci ga Dunav alpha acid da aka auna maimakon amfani da ƙima ɗaya tilo.
• Yi la'akari da sinadarin beta acid yayin da ake tsara giya mai tsayi; giya mai ƙamshi tana amfana daga sabbin hops.
• Yi tsammanin samun matsakaicin tasiri daga hop co-humulone akan fahimtar ɗacin hop, da kuma daidaita jadawalin malt da tsalle-tsalle daidai gwargwado.

Ƙwayoyin hop masu haske masu launin kore masu sheƙi suna faɗuwa a gaba, gilashin dakin gwaje-gwaje cike da ruwan alpha acid mai launuka iri-iri a tsakiya, da kuma giya mai laushi mai ɗauke da ganga na katako a bango.
Danna ko danna hoton don ƙarin bayani da kuma ƙuduri mafi girma.

Rushewar man Hop da tasirinsa a ji

Tsarin man Dunav jagora ne mai cikakken bayani ga masu yin giya, yana bayyana ƙamshi da ɗabi'ar tsufa. Yana da jimillar adadin mai na 1.19 mL a kowace gram 100, wanda yake da ɗan ƙaranci. Wannan ƙaramin matakin yana tabbatar da aminci mai ɗaci da kuma ɗan ƙaramin ɗaga ƙanshi, musamman a lokacin da aka ƙara shi a baya ko kuma a busar da shi.

Haɗaɗɗen man Dunav yana tasiri ga aikin sa a cikin tukunya da kwalba. Myrcene, kusan kashi 19%, yana ba da gudummawar resinous, citrus, da kore, waɗanda suke da ƙarfi sosai. Humulene, shi ma yana da kashi 19%, yana ƙara launukan itace da na ganye, waɗanda suka fi karko yayin ajiya. Caryophyllene da farnesene, waɗanda ke da kusan kashi 6% da 6.2%, bi da bi, suna gabatar da launuka masu yaji da kore-kore.

Kashi na myrcene da humulene suna nuna daidaiton juzu'i mai canzawa da kwanciyar hankali. Babban ɓangaren myrcene yana ba da yanayin sabo-resinous a cikin ƙari na ƙarshe. A halin yanzu, rabon humulene yana kiyaye zurfin ganyen itace akan lokaci. Yi tsammanin fashewar farko ta citrus da resin wanda ya rikide zuwa ganye da kayan ƙanshi yayin da giyar ke tsufa.

Ajiya yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga giyar da ke da saurin motsawa. Rabon myrcene mai canzawa yana raguwa da sauri a ƙarƙashin iskar oxygen, zafi, ko haske. Wannan raguwar ta bayyana asarar lemun tsami da resin bayan watanni a cikin sufuri ko a cikin rumbunan ajiya marasa kyau. Duk da haka, man da suka fi karko kamar humulene da caryophyllene sun kasance, wanda ke haifar da tsofaffin giya masu ƙamshi mai kamshi mai yaji.

• Yi amfani da Dunav sabo don citrus da resin gaba godiya ga myrcene.
• Shirya don canza dandano na tsawon watanni; launukan bishiyoyi masu kama da na itace za su ci gaba.
• Kula da iskar oxygen da zafin jiki don iyakance tasirin ajiyar hop da kuma kiyaye ƙamshi mai daɗi.

A aikace, man Dunav hop yana ba da tafiya mai faɗi: mai haske da resin da farko, sannan ya fi ganye da yaji idan ya tsufa. Wannan hanyar tana da amfani wajen ƙera giya wadda ke haskaka ƙanshin fresh-hop ko kuma tana da niyyar samun ƙamshi mai kyau a kan lokaci.

Kusa da kwalbar gilashi cike da man Dunav hop mai launin zinari a kan teburin katako na ƙauye, kewaye da sabbin kogunan hop masu launin kore, tare da kettles na jan ƙarfe da ganga a cikin gidan giya na gargajiya.
Danna ko danna hoton don ƙarin bayani da kuma ƙuduri mafi girma.

Amfanin yin giya: ɗaci, ƙamshi, ko amfani biyu

Dunav hops yana da wani wuri na musamman tsakanin ɗaci da ƙamshi. Tare da alpha acid daga ƙasa zuwa matsakaici, masu yin giya za su iya daidaita IBUs tare da ƙarin da wuri. A madadin haka, za su iya adana ɗanɗanon ganye da resinous tare da ƙarin da aka yi a baya da kuma tsalle-tsalle a busasshe. Wannan nau'in giya ya sa Dunav ya dace da giyar da ke amfana daga ƙananan kayan ƙanshi da ƙanshin itace.

Dacin Dunav yana da ƙarfi sosai don ƙara tafasa, duk da haka yanayin mai yana tallafawa aikin ƙamshi na ƙarshen lokaci. Babban zaɓi ne ga hops masu amfani biyu, yana ba da sassauci a cikin dabarun grist da tsalle-tsalle. Masu yin giya ya kamata su yi amfani da daidai adadin alpha acid don ƙara ɗaci, maimakon dogaro da matsakaici.

Girke-girke da Dunav ya bambanta dangane da salon sa. Ga lagers da ales na gargajiya na Turai, mai da hankali kan ƙarin tsabta, masu tsari don haskaka launukan ganye da na itace. A cikin ales masu launin shuɗi da IPA na zaman, haɗa Dunav da hops masu haske don daidaita kashin bayan sa mai resinous kuma ya sa alamun citrus su bayyana. A cikin Yammacin Tekun Gabas na zamani ko IPA masu launin 'ya'yan itace masu duhu, Dunav zai iya aiki a matsayin mai tallafawa.

• Daɗin da wuri (minti 60): yi amfani da AA% da aka tabbatar da shi ta hanyar dakin gwaje-gwaje don cimma burin IBUs, sannan ƙara ƙarin hops don saman bayanin kula.
• Kettle ko wurin waha mai latti (minti 5-15 ko ~170°F): kama ƙamshin ganye da na itace da humulene ke haifarwa ba tare da yanayin tsirrai da yawa ba.
• Bushe hop (1-3 g/L): ƙara yawan furanni masu kama da resinous; ana tsammanin raguwar myrcene mai canzawa amma yana riƙe da kasancewar humulene da caryophyllene.

Misalin jadawalin hop zai iya jagorantar gwaje-gwaje. Don galan 5 na ale mai launin rawaya, ƙaramin ƙarfin Dunav mai ɗaci a mintuna 60 yana saita IBUs. Ƙarin ƙwanƙwasa na minti 10 yana ƙara ɗanɗanon tsakiyar kitse, kuma ƙaramin hop mai bushewa yana ƙara sabbin bayanai. Don lager mai tsabta, rage yawan adadin da aka ƙara a ƙarshen kuma dogara da allurar minti 60 don tsari mai sauƙi.

Lokacin da ake tsara girke-girke da Dunav, a rubuta bayanan alpha acid da mai ga kowane yanki. Wannan aikin yana ƙara yawan maimaitawa kuma yana tabbatar da cewa Dunav yana aiki kamar yadda aka nufa. Ko da an yi amfani da shi musamman don ɗaci, ƙamshi, ko kuma a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin hops mai amfani biyu, aikin Dunav zai kasance daidai.

Kwatantawa da madadin da suka dace da Dunav hops

Hops ɗin Dunav suna da sarari na musamman tsakanin hops ɗin resinous bittering da nau'ikan kyawawan halaye. Ana zaɓar su ne saboda daidaitaccen resin itace da kuma ɗanɗanon ganye. Idan Dunav yana da wahalar samu, masu yin giya suna zaɓar madadin da ke kiyaye ainihin girke-girke, suna daidaita mayar da hankali ga ɗaci ko rashin kyau.

Lokacin zabar madadin, yi nufin hops masu irin wannan matakin alpha acid da kuma bayanin mai. Hops masu amfani biyu tare da matsakaicin alpha acid sun dace don daidaita IBUs da haɓaka ƙamshi. Don musanya kai tsaye, kwatanta matakan alpha acid, myrcene da humulene, da kuma bayanin dandano na hop.

• Northern Brewer babban madadin Dunav ne, yana ba da ɗaci mai ƙarfi da kuma ɗanɗano mai ƙarfi. Wannan kwatancen ya nuna cewa yawanci yana da manyan acid na alpha da kuma siffar resin mai haske.
• Giya ta Styrian Goldings ta dace da waɗanda ke neman launuka masu laushi da na fure masu kyau. Sauya Giya ta Styrian Goldings zuwa Dunav yana canza giyar zuwa ga kayan ƙanshi da bambancin fure mai laushi.
• Sauran hops masu amfani biyu tare da matsakaicin alpha acid suna aiki azaman zaɓuɓɓuka masu sassauƙa don daidaita ɗaci da ƙamshi ba tare da canje-canje masu tsanani ba.

Yi amfani da Northern Brewer don ƙara ɗaci da kuma ƙara sautin menthol ko cedar. Wannan zai haifar da kamannin resin mai kaifi da kuma kamannin gaba fiye da Dunav. A gefe guda kuma, Styrian Goldings, suna laushi resin kuma suna ɗaga furanni masu kyau, suna samar da kamannin fure mai laushi da haske fiye da Dunav.

• Maye gurbin lokacin da Dunav ba ya nan ko kuma a jaddada wani takamaiman siffa—zurfin resinous ko kuma kyakkyawan tsari.
• Daidaita ta hanyar ƙara bambancin alpha acid a cikin lissafin IBU da kuma daidaita ƙarin late-hop don kiyaye daidaiton ƙamshi.
• Bambance-bambancen da ake tsammani: musanya za ta canza daidaiton citrus/resin, ta canza zurfin itace da yaji, kuma ta canza ɗacin da ake ji ko da kuwa IBUs ɗin sun yi daidai.

A aikace, zaɓi Northern Brewer don ɗanɗano mai ƙarfi da ƙashi. Zaɓi Styrian Goldings idan kuna son samun hali mai kyau. Don samun haɗin kai, haɗa ƙaramin yanki na Northern Brewer da Styrian Goldings don sake ƙirƙirar tsakiyar Dunav tsakanin halayen resinous da na ganye.

Noman Dunav: Noma da la'akari da shi a yankuna

Dunav yana bunƙasa a cikin muhalli inda manoma ke shirin yin dogon lokaci da kuma ciyayi masu ƙarfi. Ya kamata yanke shawara kan shuka ya dace da yawan amfanin gona a wurin, ƙarfin ban ruwa, da kuma yanayin gida. Rage lokaci da kuma kiyaye lokaci suna da mahimmanci don haɓaka yawan amfanin gona ba tare da damuwa da shuke-shuken a ƙarshen kakar ba.

• Abubuwan da ake tsammani na samun riba: gwaje-gwajen da aka rubuta a filin sun nuna matsakaicin yawan amfanin gona da ake samu kusan kilogiram 1565 a kowace hekta, kimanin kilogiram 1400 a kowace eka. Wannan ya sa Dunav ya shahara da wuraren shakatawa na kasuwanci waɗanda za su iya samar da ruwa da abubuwan gina jiki masu dacewa.
• Girma da girma a lokacin yanayi: Dunav yana da latti kuma yana da yawan girma sosai. Shirya ranakun shuka da tsarin tallafi don tabbatar da cewa bishiyoyin sun kai tsayi sosai kafin sanyi na farko na kaka. Girman da ya yi a lokacin kaka na iya ƙara yawan sukari da mai idan yanayi ya ba da dama.
• Bayanin cututtuka: Dunav yana da matsakaicin juriya ga mildew mai laushi, yana rage matsin lamba daga wannan ƙwayar cuta idan aka kwatanta da nau'ikan da ke da saurin kamuwa da cutar. Matsin lamba na cututtukan gida ya bambanta, don haka haɗa tsarin bincike, tsafta, da kuma maganin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta cikin tsarin noma na yau da kullun yana da mahimmanci don kare yawan amfanin ƙasa da inganci.

Ga manoma masu kimanta noma na hop, gudanar da gwaje-gwajen ƙasa, shuka iri-iri, da kuma sa ido kan ƙarfin inabi su ne mabuɗin. Matakai masu amfani kamar daidaita taki da kuma kula da kwari da aka yi niyya suna inganta yawan amfanin gonar Dunav da kuma tallafawa lafiyayyun bishiyoyi a cikin dogon lokaci.

Girbi, sarrafawa, da adana hops ɗin Dunav

Lokaci da kulawa wajen tattara hops suna da tasiri sosai ga ingancinsu. Masu noman hops na Dunav, waɗanda aka san su da jinkirin girma da yawan amfanin ƙasa, suna bin hanyoyin yanki. Inda akwai, ana amfani da na'urorin tsince-tsincen inji. Duk da haka, ƙananan gonaki galibi suna fifita tsince-tsincen hannu don kare ƙananan mazurari masu laushi da kuma adana mai mai mahimmanci.

Bayan girbi, yana da mahimmanci a busar da hops ɗin da sauri don hana lalacewa. Tsarin ya haɗa da busar da shi a yanayin zafi mai ƙarancin zafi, murɗa shi a hankali, da kuma sanyaya shi cikin gaggawa. Wannan hanyar tana taimakawa wajen adana mai da acid ɗin alpha masu canzawa waɗanda ke da mahimmanci ga ɗanɗano da ɗaci.

Gwaje-gwajen dakin gwaje-gwaje sun tabbatar da cewa Dunav hops yana da isasshen ajiya a cikin yanayi mai matsakaici. Ana adana su a kusan 20°C (68°F), suna riƙe da kusan kashi 74% na alpha acid ɗinsu bayan watanni shida. Wannan matakin riƙewa ya fi matsakaici ga nau'ikan da ke mai da hankali kan ƙamshi.

Domin kiyaye ƙamshi da ɗaci, bi wasu mafi kyawun hanyoyi. Rage yawan iskar oxygen ta hanyar rufewa ko amfani da jakunkuna masu sinadarin nitrogen. A sanyaya ko daskarewa yana ƙara tsawon lokacin ajiya kuma yana kiyaye manyan bayanan da ke da wadataccen sinadarin myrcene. Pellets suna ba da ɗan ingantaccen lokacin ajiya, amma a riƙe mazugi a hankali don mafi kyawun riƙe ƙamshi.

• Busar da danshi da sauri bayan an girbe hop Dunav domin gujewa lalacewa.
• Fakitin da ake amfani da injin tsotsa ko iskar gas mara aiki don ingantaccen aikin adana Dunav hops.
• A adana a cikin sanyi kuma a iyakance lokacin ajiya don kare bayanan man hop da alpha acid.

Ga masu yin giya da ke tsara kaya, su riƙa lura da ƙamshi akai-akai kuma su ba da fifiko ga wuraren da aka yi amfani da su don yin busasshen giya. Ta hanyar bin waɗannan hanyoyin, za ku iya ƙara yawan adana Dunav. Wannan yana tabbatar da cewa nau'in giyar yana ba da ɗaci da ƙamshi ga giyar da aka gama.

Amfani da Dunav a cikin shahararrun nau'ikan giya

Dunav sinadari ne mai amfani da yawa, yana ƙara ɗanɗanon resinous da woody a cikin girke-girke daban-daban. Ya dace da kayan ƙanshi na gargajiya da kuma lagers masu tsabta. A ƙasa, muna bincika hanyoyi masu amfani don haɗa Dunav cikin giyarku, tare da ra'ayoyin girke-girke masu sauri waɗanda ke haɗa shi da malts da yisti na yau da kullun.

Yadda ake amfani da Dunav a fannin pale ales da IPAs

• Yi amfani da Dunav a matsayin abin da ke haifar da ɗaci idan bambancin alpha-acid yana buƙatar daidaitaccen magani. Lissafa IBUs daga gwajin AA% don saita ƙashin baya mai ƙarfi.
• A ajiye kayan da aka ƙara a ƙarshen lokaci da kuma hops ɗin da ke juyawa don samun ɗanɗanon resin da ƙamshi mai kama da itace. Don ƙirar da ke tashi sama, a yi amfani da ƙarfin hali maimakon ƙarfin zafi a wurare masu zafi.
• Gwada yin tsalle-tsalle da ɗan ƙaramin adadin don ƙara kayan ƙanshi da kuma resin mai kama da na Turanci. Wannan yana aiki da kyau a cikin fassarar Amurkawa masu launin shuɗi waɗanda ke jingina ga ɗaci na gargajiya.

Dacewa da lagers, ales na gargajiya na Turai, da kuma hybrids

• Dunav a cikin lagers yana haskakawa idan aka haɗa shi da pilsner malt da kuma yisti mai tsabta na lager kamar Wyeast 34/White Labs 2007 don haskaka halayen tsirrai masu kyau.
• Ale na gargajiya yana amfana daga yanayin itacen Dunav da na ganye; yana tallafawa giya mai daidaito, mai kama da malt maimakon ya fi ƙarfinsu.
• Salo masu haɗaka waɗanda ke haɗa kyankyaso da 'ya'yan itacen ale za su iya amfani da Dunav don ƙara tsari mai sauƙi ba tare da mamaye dandanon malt mai laushi ba.

Ra'ayoyin girke-girke da haɗin malt

• Amber Pale na Gargajiya: Tushe 85% Maris Otter ko malt mai haske, 10% lu'ulu'u mai haske 20L, 5% Munich. Yi amfani da Dunav don ɗaci da ƙara ƙaramin ruwan zafi. Zaɓi yisti na ale na Ingila don ƙara kayan ƙanshi da caryophyllene ke amfani da shi.
• Crisp Euro Lager: Pilsner malt 100%, ruwan laushi, kayan ado ɗaya ko kuma niƙa mai sauƙi. Yi amfani da Dunav a cikin lagers don bayanin kula na ganye masu kyau tare da nau'in lager mai tsabta don nuna ɗanɗanon hop.
• Daidaitaccen IPA: Tushen malt mai laushi tare da dextrine 5-8% ko Vienna don jin daɗin baki. A auna Dunav don jin ɗacin farko sannan a ƙara ɗan hops na late ko busasshen hops 1-2 g/L don kawo resin ba tare da esters na wurare masu zafi ba.

A haɗa Dunav da matsakaicin caramel ko pilsner malts don a fayyace. Yis ɗin tsaka-tsaki ko mai tsabta yana barin halin hop ya yi waƙa. Nau'in Ingilishi zai haɗu da kayan ƙanshi na Dunav. Yi amfani da malt na musamman kaɗan don ɗanɗanon malt kada ya ɓoye wani abu a cikin girke-girken giya da Dunav ya bayyana.

Giya a gida da Dunav: nasihu da jagorar maye gurbin

Dunav yana ba wa masu yin giya na gida cakuda na musamman na ɗacin resin da ƙananan ganye. Kafin a ƙididdige IBUs, koyaushe a duba takamaiman alpha acid akan takardar shaidar mai samar da shi. Wannan yana tabbatar da daidaiton hasashen ɗacin kuma yana kiyaye daidaito a cikin giyar ku.

Lokacin da kake shirin girke-girkenka, zaɓi Dunav bisa ga alpha acid ɗin da aka auna. Matsakaicin alpha acid ɗinsa ya bambanta daga 5.1% zuwa 9.6%. Yi amfani da ainihin AA% daga takardar shaidar don ƙididdiga daidai. Don rukunin galan 5, daidaita ƙarin ɗanɗano na minti 60 don cimma IBUs da ake so bisa ga AA da aka auna.

Idan babu Dunav, bi ƙa'idodin maye gurbin giyar don kiyaye halayen giyar ku. Northern Brewer ya dace da ɗacin giya mai ƙarfi da kuma ɗanɗano. Styrian Goldings yana ba da ƙarin daraja, kuma yana ƙara yawan amfani da ganye. Haɗa madadin AA% don cimma irin wannan IBUs, ana tsammanin ɗanɗano zai canza zuwa sa hannun madadin.

Aiwatar da jadawalin aiki mai sauƙi yana ƙara wa Dunav ƙarfin hali ba tare da ƙara wahalar yin giya ba. Yi amfani da ƙarin ɗanɗano na minti 60 bisa ga AA da aka auna don kafa IBUs. Ƙara ruwan zafi ko kuma minti 10-15 a ƙarshen tsalle don jaddada bayanin ganye da humulene. Kammala da ɗan gajeren tsalle busasshe don samun sabon ƙanshin resinous.

• Minti 60: ƙarin ɗanɗano ta amfani da AA da aka auna don isa ga IBUs Dunav da aka yi niyya.
• Minti 10-15 ko kuma ruwan sama: ƙari na ƙarshe don jaddada bayanin ganye da humulene.
• Jadawalin busasshen hop: kwana 3-5 don kama sabon resin da mai mai canzawa.

Daidaita yawan hop bisa ga salon. Ga lagers ko session ales, rage yawan hop na latti da bushe don kiyaye ɗaci mai tsabta. A cikin IPAs ko pale ales, ƙara yawan hop na latti da busasshiyar hop don samun sarkakiyar resin da ƙamshi. Bi diddigin adadin AA kuma rubuta sakamakon don inganta IBUs da ƙamshi a cikin rukuni na gaba.

Ka yi la'akari da maye gurbin Dunav. Northern Brewer zai gabatar da ɗanɗanon da ya fi ƙarfi da kuma ɗanɗanon resin. Styrian Goldings zai ƙara ƙamshi mai laushi da na fure-tsire. Haɗa AA% ga IBUs, sannan ka daidaita jadawalin tsalle-tsalle na ƙarshen lokaci da bushewa don jagorantar ƙamshi zuwa ga burinka.

Samun hops na Dunav: samuwa da masu samar da kayayyaki

Samun hops na Dunav don yin giya babban ƙalubale ne. An haɓaka shi a Serbia a shekarun 1960, ƙarancinsa ya faru ne saboda ƙarancin samarwa da ƙarancin buƙata. Masu yin giya waɗanda ke neman dandano na gaske galibi dole ne su yi ƙoƙari fiye da shagunan sayar da giya na yau da kullun.

Nemi Dunav ta hanyar 'yan kasuwa na musamman na hop, masu samar da kayayyaki na Serbia, da dillalan hop na duniya. Yawancin masu samar da kayayyaki na Dunav suna ba da ƙananan rukuni da jigilar kaya a cikin ƙasarsu. Kundin adireshin hop na Jami'a da bayanan USDA na iya jagorantar ku zuwa ga masu samar da kayayyaki na yanzu da gwaje-gwajen da suka gabata.

• 'Yan kasuwa na musamman - ya dace da ƙananan sayayya, rukuni ɗaya da kuma shawarwarin ƙwararru.
• Masu samar da kayayyaki na Serbia na yanki - manyan masu samar da kayayyaki waɗanda ke da wadatar fitarwa lokaci-lokaci.
• Dillalan ƙasashen duniya - masu amfani ga manyan oda da wuraren da ba a saba gani ba.

Zaɓi siffar da ta dace da burin yin giya. Kone-konen da ba a dafa ba sun dace da ƙananan rukuni, suna ba da yanayin fresh-hop amma suna buƙatar a adana su da kyau. Masu yin giya na fasaha suna fifita kone-konen Dunav hop saboda ƙamshinsu.

Pellets suna ba da sauƙi da kuma ƙaramin ajiya, wanda ya dace da manyan rukuni. Suna tabbatar da cewa ana amfani da su akai-akai amma suna iya rasa wasu ƙamshi masu laushi yayin sarrafawa.

Cirewar tana ba da daidaito mai ɗaci da kwanciyar hankali na dogon lokaci. Ba su da wani nau'in man hop mai sabo kamar mazugi da ƙananan ƙwayoyi, wanda hakan ke sa su dace idan ɗaci mai kyau yana da mahimmanci.

Lokacin sayen hops na Dunav, yi la'akari da ƙarfin ajiya, girman batter, da ƙamshin da ake so. Tuntuɓi masu samar da kayayyaki da yawa yana ƙara maka damar samun kayan lambu. Yi tambaya game da shekarar girbi da yanayin ajiya don tantance sabo.

Nassoshi kan kula da inganci da gwaji na Dunav

Bayanan dakin gwaje-gwaje masu inganci suna da matuƙar muhimmanci ga masu yin giya su yi hasashen ɗaci da ƙamshi lokacin amfani da Dunav. Ya kamata manoma da masu siye su duba bayanan sinadarai da aka buga kuma su gudanar da bincike a cikin rukuni kafin su ƙara girman girke-girke.

Manyan bayanai game da dakin gwaje-gwaje sun haɗa da bayanan USDA da jami'o'i waɗanda suka lissafa alpha acid, beta acid, da jimlar mai. Jerin sunayen sinadarai na hop na USDA da Dunav da kuma jerin nau'ikan hop na Jami'ar Jihar Oregon sun ba da tushe mai ƙarfi don nazarin hop.

• Nemi takardar gwaji ta musamman don samun AA%, beta acid, da jimlar mai don lissafin yawan adadin alpha acid da ke cikin Dunav.
• Yi amfani da GC ko gwajin ɓangare na uku da aka amince da shi don nazarin hop lokacin da ake buƙatar daidaito don IBUs da tsarin ƙanshi.
• Ajiye bayanan kowace gonar girbi don bin diddigin yanayin da ake ciki a yanayi da yanayin ajiya.

Ƙananan masu yin giya ya kamata su lura da daidaito yayin ajiya. Dubawa akai-akai don lalacewar alpha acid da asarar mai yana haifar da sakamako mai kyau a cikin giyar da aka gama.

Albarkatun al'umma suna ƙara wa gwaji na hukuma. Teburan hop na BrewersFriends, bayanan USDA germplasm, da jerin shirye-shiryen kiwo na jami'a suna ba da bayanai na kwatantawa da jadawalin maye gurbin aiki. Waɗannan suna da amfani don yanke shawara na yau da kullun game da gwajin Dunav da nazarin hop.

Kammalawa

Takaitaccen bayani game da Dunav: Wannan triploid na Serbian hop abin dogaro ne ga masu yin giya waɗanda ke neman nau'ikan nau'ikan amfani biyu. Yana da sinadarin alpha acid tsakanin 5.1% zuwa 9.6%, tare da sinadarin co-humulone kusan 30%. Jimlar man da ke cikinsa kusan 1.19 mL/100g ne. Wannan ma'aunin yana ba da damar ɗaci da ƙanshin ganye, musamman idan aka yi amfani da shi a cikin ƙarin hop na ƙarshe ko na busasshe.

Yin amfani da Dunav yana buƙatar ƙididdigar IBU mai kyau don ɗaci da ƙari mai mahimmanci a ƙarshen lokacin shuka. Wannan hanyar tana nuna halayenta na myrcene da humulene. Aikin gona kuma abin lura ne, tare da babban saurin girma, lokacin girma, da juriya ga mildew mai sauƙi. Yawan amfanin gona yana kusa da kilogiram 1565/ha, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama mai amfani ga manoma na musamman. Bayanan ajiya sun nuna kusan kashi 74% na riƙe alpha bayan watanni shida a zafin 20°C, wanda ke taimakawa wajen sarrafa da yanke shawara kan kaya.

Bayanin Dunav hops: Idan Dunav yana da wahalar samu, Northern Brewer ko Styrian Goldings suna da kyau a maye gurbinsu. Suna bayar da bayanai daban-daban, ya danganta da ko kuna buƙatar ƙaƙƙarfan ƙashi mai ɗaci ko kuma bayanin furanni. Nemi Dunav daga masu samar da kayayyaki na musamman kuma duba sinadaran da ake buƙata don tabbatar da daidaiton girke-girke. Wannan hanyar tana taimakawa wajen cimma daidaiton da ake so a cikin nau'ikan giya daban-daban, daga ales mai laushi zuwa lagers da hybrids.

Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi akai-akai

Menene Dunav kuma daga ina ya samo asali?

Dunav nau'in hop ne da aka noma a tsohuwar Yugoslavia a shekarun 1960. An ƙirƙira shi ne don maye gurbin Backa mai ƙarancin 'ya'ya. An haɓaka shi daga Northern Brewer, Styrian Golding, kuma mahaifi ne na namiji, kuma nau'in haɗin triploid ne na Serbia.

Me yasa Dunav bai samu karbuwa sosai a fannin kasuwanci ba?

Duk da kyawawan amfanin gona da kuma amfani da fasahar yin giya, Dunav ya kasance nau'in iri na yanki. Ƙayyadadden buƙata ta duniya, ƙaramin yawan samarwa, da kuma gasa daga sanannun nau'ikan iri na ƙasashen duniya sun sa ya zama mai ƙarancin samarwa a kasuwannin da aka fi amfani da su a Serbia.

Menene muhimman alkaluman sinadaran da suka shafi Dunav?

Sinadarin alpha na Dunav ya bambanta tsakanin kusan kashi 5.1% zuwa 9.6%. Siadarin Beta ya kama daga kashi 2.8% zuwa 4.6%. Co-humulone yana kusan kashi 30% na sinadarin alpha. Jimillar sinadarin mai yana nan a 1.19 mL a kowace 100 g.

Ta yaya bambancin sinadarin alpha na Dunav ke shafar yin giya?

Faɗin kewayon alpha acid yana nufin cewa ya kamata a yi amfani da AA% da aka auna a kowace kuri'a lokacin ƙididdige IBUs. Dangane da yanayin girma da bambancin fili, Dunav zai iya zama hop mai ɗaci matsakaici zuwa matsakaici.

Yaya yanayin man Dunav yake kuma ta yaya yake tasiri ga dandano?

Manyan sinadaran mai sune myrcene (~19%), humulene (~19%), caryophyllene (~6%), da farnesene (~6.2%). Myrcene yana da sinadarin resinous, citrus/kore amma yana da saurin canzawa. Humulene yana ba da ƙamshi mai kama da itace, kuma yana da ƙarfi sosai. Caryophyllene da farnesene suna ƙara wa ɓangaren mai da kore/fure.

Yaushe ya kamata in ƙara Dunav a lokacin yin giya don samun takamaiman tasirin?

Ƙarin mintuna 60 na farko yana ba da ɗaci daga alpha acid amma ƙamshi mai sauƙi. Ƙarin kettle ko whirlpool (ƙarancin zafin jiki) da busasshen tsalle-tsalle suna kiyaye humulene da woody/herbal notes da wasu resinous notes daga myrcene. Ƙarin busasshen hop yana ƙarfafa sabbin notes.

Shin Dunav ya dace da amfani da na'urar busar da kaya mai amfani biyu?

Eh. Tare da daidaiton yanayin mai da kuma nau'in alpha acid masu canzawa, Dunav yana aiki a matsayin hop mai amfani biyu—wanda ake amfani da shi don ɗaci idan aka ƙara shi da wuri da kuma don ƙamshi ko tsalle-tsalle busasshe idan aka ƙara shi a makare.

Yaya Dunav yake da kwanciyar hankali a lokacin ajiya?

Dunav yana nuna daidaiton da ya wuce matsakaicin adadin alpha acid, yana riƙe da kusan kashi 74% na abun ciki na alpha bayan watanni shida a zafin 20°C (68°F). Man mai masu canzawa, musamman myrcene, suna lalacewa da sauri, don haka ɗanɗanon ƙanshi yana raguwa da sauri fiye da ƙarfin ɗaci.

Waɗanne hanyoyin ajiya ne aka ba da shawarar Dunav?

Adana mazugi ko ƙwayayen da aka rufe a cikin injin tsotsewa ko kuma a cikin marufi mai sinadarin nitrogen a yanayin sanyi (a sanyaya a firiji ko a daskare idan zai yiwu). A rage yawan iskar oxygen da ake sha kuma a rage lokacin ajiya don kare myrcene da sauran ƙamshi masu canzawa.

Waɗanne nau'ikan giya ne suka fi dacewa da Dunav?

Dunav ya dace da lagers da ales na gargajiya na Turai inda ake son yanayin woody/herbal, kuma ana iya amfani da shi a cikin pale ales ko zaman IPAs waɗanda ke karɓar ƙamshin resinous/woody mai ƙarfi. Bai dace da tauraro ɗaya kawai ba a cikin IPA na zamani na wurare masu zafi/citrus.

Ta yaya zan tsara hops lokacin yin giya da Dunav?

Hanyoyin da aka saba amfani da su: yi amfani da Dunav a minti 60 don ɗaci da aka ƙididdige daga rabon AA%; ƙara ruwan zafi ko ƙarin ruwan zafi na mintuna 5-15 don kama bayanan ganye da humulene ke da shi; busasshen hop 1-3 g/L na tsawon kwanaki 3-5 don ƙara sabbin bayanan fure da resinous.

Menene kyawawan madadin Dunav?

Giya ta Northern Brewer da Styrian Goldings suna maye gurbinsu da hankali. Giya ta Northern Brewer tana da ɗanɗanon resin da ɗaci; Giya ta Styrian Goldings tana ba da kyakkyawan yanayin ganye. Daidaita AA% ga IBUs kuma ku yi tsammanin canje-canje a cikin citrus/resin da daidaiton itace/ganye.

Ta yaya Dunav yake kwatantawa da nau'ikansa na asali?

Dunav ya haɗa halaye daga Northern Brewer da Styrian Golding. Gabaɗaya ya fi Styrian Goldings ƙarfi da kuma ƙarfi da itace, kuma yawanci bai fi ƙarfin wasu nau'ikan Northern Brewer ba. Yi tsammanin ɗanɗano tsakanin iyaye biyu.

Menene halayen noma da kuma tsammanin samun riba na Dunav?

Dunav yana nuna babban saurin girma, lokacin bazara, da kuma yawan amfanin gona mai yawa—wanda aka rubuta kimanin kilogiram 1565 a kowace hekta (kimanin kilogiram 1400 a kowace eka). Waɗannan halaye suna sa ya zama mai amfani inda tsawon lokacin da kuma ƙarfinsa suka dace da yanayin girma.

Yaya Dunav yake jure wa cututtuka?

Dunav yana da juriya mai matsakaici ga mildew mai laushi. Bayani game da sauran cututtukan da ke iya haifar da su yana da iyaka, don haka manoma ya kamata su yi amfani da tsarin kula da hops na yau da kullun kuma su yi la'akari da matsin lamba na ƙwayoyin cuta na gida.

Mene ne bayanin girbi mai amfani da bayan girbi ga Dunav?

Manyan hanyoyin samun ruwa ba sa auna girman ko kuma sauƙin girbi, amma yawan amfanin ƙasa da kuma lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi a baya yana nuna hanyoyin girbi na gargajiya na injiniya ko na hannu da ake amfani da su a yankuna daban-daban. Bi ka'idojin busarwa, murhu, da sanyaya da sauri don adana mai da acid.

Ina masu yin giya za su iya samun hops ɗin Dunav?

Ana samun Dunav galibi daga 'yan kasuwa na musamman, masu samar da kayayyaki na Serbia na yanki, da kuma wasu dillalan ƙasashen waje. Masu samar da kayayyaki waɗanda suka lissafa Dunav galibi suna jigilar kayayyaki zuwa ƙasashen waje a cikin ƙasarsu. Duba bayanan USDA/ARS, jerin masu samar da kayayyaki na jami'a, da dillalan kayayyaki na musamman don samun jagora.

Ta waɗanne hanyoyi ake sayar da Dunav kuma menene musayar?

Ana sayar da Dunav a matsayin mazugi, ko kuma ɗanyen mazugi, ko kuma tsantsa. Mazugi ya dace da ƙananan rukuni da kuma amfani da shi a sana'a amma yana buƙatar a adana shi a wuri mai sanyi sosai. Mazugi yana da sauƙi kuma yana da ɗanɗano mai laushi amma yana iya rasa ɗanɗano mai daɗi. Mazugi yana ba da ɗaci mai yawa amma ba shi da ɗanɗanon man hop.

Akwai nassoshi a dakin gwaje-gwaje game da ilmin sunadarai na Dunav?

Eh. Ana samun bayanai masu ƙarfi game da sinadarai daga bayanan sunadarai na USDA/ARS hop (USDA/ARS Hop Chemistry: Dunav entry). Sauran nassoshi sun haɗa da bayanan germplasm da kundin hop na jami'a kamar waɗanda suka fito daga Jami'ar Jihar Oregon.

Ta yaya ya kamata masu yin giya su sa ido kan daidaiton Dunav lot-to-lot?

Nemi bincike na musamman daga masu samar da kayayyaki (AA%, beta acid, jimillar mai) ko gudanar da gwaji a cikin gida. Saboda yawan sinadarin alpha na Dunav da kuma yawan mai sun bambanta, tabbatar da takardar shaidar bincike yana tabbatar da daidaiton lissafin IBU da tsammanin dandano.

Waɗanne shawarwari ne suka dace da Dunav?

Haɗa Dunav da malt mai tsabta ko malt na Vienna/Pilsner don haskaka alamun itace da na ganye. Yis ɗin ale ko lager mai tsaka tsaki zai nuna halayen hop; yis ɗin Ingilishi na iya ƙara wa kayan ƙanshin caryophyllene. Yi amfani da malt na musamman kaɗan don guje wa ɓoye bambancin hop.

Nawa Dunav zan yi amfani da shi don yin dry hopping?

Matsakaicin nau'in giya na gida shine 1-3 g/L don busasshen tsalle, wanda aka daidaita shi da girman rukuni da kuma ƙarfin da ake so. Saboda myrcene yana raguwa da adanawa, daidaita tsammanin bayanin citrus/resin bisa ga sabo.

Shin Dunav yana da wasu nau'ikan 'yan'uwa masu daraja?

Dunav yana da alaƙa da wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan yankuna kamar Neoplanta da Vojvodina, waɗanda suka samo asali daga irin waɗannan shirye-shiryen kiwo a yankin tsohuwar Yugoslavia.

Ina zan iya samun albarkatun al'umma ko jami'a game da Dunav?

Majiyoyi masu amfani sun haɗa da bayanan USDA germplasm, wallafe-wallafen hop na Jami'ar Jihar Oregon, teburin BrewersFriend, da kuma dandalin tattaunawa na al'umma na yin giya a gida inda masu yin giya da manoma ke raba bayanai game da wurin da kuma abubuwan da suka shafi maye gurbin giya.

Karin Karatu

Idan kuna jin daɗin wannan sakon, kuna iya kuma son waɗannan shawarwari:

• Hops a Biya Brewing: Blue Northern Brewer
• Hops a Biya Brewing: Blato
• Hops a cikin Biya: Fuggle Tetraploid