Isithombe: Ukubuka Okuncane Kwe-Lager Yeast Cell

Lesi sithombe sibonisa ukubukeka okungavamile, okuseduze kwe-microscopic yeseli elilodwa le-Munich Lager yeast, ikakhulukazi i-Saccharomyces pastorianus, ekhulisiwe ukuze iveze izinga lemininingwane elingaphezu kwemingcele yeso lomuntu. Iseli libusa uhlaka, i-elliptical, i-ovali emide enekhonta ethe shinyana kancane entanta ngokumelene negradient yangemuva efiphele kancane. Umbono utshekile kancane, ufaka ukwakheka nomuzwa wokushintshashintsha, njengokungathi iseli limisiwe linyakaza kunokuba limiswe endaweni yalo.

Ubuso be-yeast cell bukhanyiswa ohlangothini, futhi lokhu kukhanya kwe-oblique kugcizelela imininingwane yayo emihle yombhalo. Kuwo wonke amangqamuzana, ingaphezulu libonakala lukhuni, linephethini enezinkimbinkimbi ezinjengamatshe amatshe kanye namagquma agelezayo. Lezi zakhiwo zinikeza udonga lweseli ukuthinteka, cishe ikhwalithi yezinto eziphilayo, evusa inkimbinkimbi enezingqimba yokwakheka kwayo okungabonakali. Izithunzi ziwela ngokuthambile ezindaweni ezingaphansi, kuyilapho amagquma namakhonsana aphakeme abamba ukukhanya okuhlukanisiwe, okudala umuzwa omangalisayo wobukhulu. Ukuhlangana kokukhanya nesithunzi kuguqula i-yeast cell ibe okuthile kokubili kwebhayoloji nekubaziwe, izwe elincane lezinto ezenziwe ngobumba elivezwa ngokubhekisisa ngokucophelela.

Umbala ucashile kodwa uvusa inkanuko. I-yeast cell ngokwayo ivela ngamathoni apholile, ikakhulukazi ampunga-luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka namazwibela okuphuzi kanye ne-cyan ashona eceleni kwawo anomthunzi. Okugqamile kucwebezela ngokuphaphathekile, imibala ecishe ibe yisiliva, kuyilapho ithunzi elingaphansi lishona libe amathoni apholile, athobe kakhulu. Iphalethi ivusa umoya oyinyumba, womtholampilo we-microscope, egcizelela umongo wesayensi wesithombe. Ingemuva lihambisana kahle nalobu buhle: i-gradient ebushelelezi, engagxili kakhulu eshintsha kancane ukusuka kokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ukuya kokumpunga, engenazo iziphazamiso. Lesi sangemuva esilawulwa ngokucophelela sihlukanisa i-yeast cell, igcine ukunaka kombukeli kugxile esimweni sayo esiyinkimbinkimbi.

Iyeast cell ngokwayo imiswe kancane phakathi nendawo ngaphakathi kohlaka, futhi i-engeli etshekile ithuthukisa nakakhulu umbono wokujula nevolumu. Ngokungafani nomdwebo oyisicaba noma uhlaka lwencwadi, isithombe siveza imvubelo njengento ephilayo, enezinhlangothi ezintathu, umzimba wayo ogobile untanta emkhathini. I-focus ibukhali-razor kuseli, ithwebula yonke iminithi imininingwane yendawo yayo eqoshiwe, kuyilapho ingemuva lihlala lithambile futhi lisakazeka, linikeza ukuhlukaniswa okubonakalayo futhi kugcizelela ukuvelela kweseli.

Okuphawulekayo ngalesi sithombe ukuthi sihlanganisa kanjani umhlaba wesayensi nezobuciko. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuwumtholampilo, ukuthwebula okuncanyana okunamandla aphezulu okuklanyelwe ukutadisha iseli yeast ngemininingwane enembile. Ukwakheka okuhlanzekile, ukukhanya okusabalalisayo, namagradient angemuva acashile konke kubonisa ukunemba kobuchwepheshe kwesithombe saselabhorethri. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwakheka, ukukhanya, nokutsheka kwesithombe kunikeza isithombe ukuzwela kobuciko, kuguqula leli qanda elilodwa leyeast libe isihloko esibonakalayo esimangalisayo. Akuyona nje imibhalo yesayensi; futhi kuyinkulumo yobuhle.

Ngale kobuciko obubonakalayo, isithombe sinokubaluleka okujulile kwebhayoloji. I-Saccharomyces pastorianus iyihhashi lomsebenzi wokwenza i-lager, imvubelo ehlanganisiwe ebophezelekile ekukhiqizeni amaphrofayili ahlanzekile, ahlanzekile achaza amalager aseMunich kanye nobunye ubhiya obubilile phansi. Leli ngqamuzana elilodwa limelela isisekelo senqubo yokuvutshelwa, i-ejenti encane eshintsha ushukela ube utshwala nesikhutha, kuyilapho futhi ikhiqiza izinhlanganisela zokunambitheka ezicashile—ezinoshukela, ezingcolile, eziqhakaza kancane—ezibonisa isitayela. Ngokukhulisa imvubelo kulesi sikali, isithombe sinikeza ithuba eliyivelakancane lokubona yona kanye into ephilayo esekela isiko lokuphisa.

Ekugcineni, lokhu kusondela kwe-microscopic kufaka ubuhle obufihliwe besayensi yezinto eziphilayo. Idlulisa kokubili ubuthakathaka kanye nokuqina kwemvubelo: ingqamuzana elilodwa, elingabonakali ngeso lenyama, kodwa elikwazi ukuguqula i-wort elula ibe isiphuzo esijatshulelwa emhlabeni wonke. Isethulo esihlanzekile, somtholampilo sigcizelela ubunjalo bezobuchwepheshe besayensi yokuphisa, kuyilapho umdlalo wokukhanya nokuthungwa uguqula iseli libe into emangalisayo. Ilengiswe kungemuva layo elithambile, iseli yemvubelo ye-Munich Lager iba okungaphezu nje kwe-microorganism—iba wuphawu lokuvubela ngokwayo, injini ethule enhliziyweni yokuphisa.

Isithombe sihlobene: Ukuvubela Ubhiya nge-Wyeast 2308 Munich Lager Yeast