Shaye-shaye a cikin Giya: Santaam

Kusa da sabbin kogunan Santiam hop a kan teburin katako mai ban mamaki tare da ganye kore da furanni masu launin rawaya, hasken rana tare da gonar hop mai duhu da sararin sama mai shuɗi a bango.
Danna ko danna hoton don ƙarin bayani da kuma ƙuduri mafi girma.

Hop ɗin Santiam yana da kyawawan 'ya'yan itatuwa tare da barkono baƙi da ƙamshi mai daɗi. Yana da kyau a ƙara masa ɗanɗanon da aka dafa a ƙarshen dafa abinci, hops mai zafi, da kuma yin tsalle-tsalle a busasshe. Man da yake da shi, mai wadataccen sinadarin myrcene, humulene, caryophyllene, da farnesene, yana kama da Tettnanger, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama zaɓi na Turai da ake nomawa a Santiam USA hop yards.

Key Takeaways

• Santiam hops nau'in ƙamshi ne na Amurka wanda aka fitar a shekarar 1997, ana amfani da shi galibi don ƙara kayan ƙanshi da kuma ƙara kayan ƙanshi na busassun hop.
• Santiam hop yana ba da ƙamshi mai laushi, na ganye, na fure tare da launuka masu 'ya'yan itace da yaji.
• Zai fi kyau a shafa a ƙarshen tafasa, a cikin ruwan zafi, ko kuma a matsayin busasshen hop don adana mai mai canzawa.
• Giya ta Santiam ta dace da APA, IPA, da kuma nau'ikan lager na Turai waɗanda ke buƙatar ƙamshi mai ɗanɗano kamar na alfarma.
• Tsarin mai da kuma adanawa sun sa Santiam ya yi daidai da hops irin na Tettnanger don girke-girke da yawa.

Asali da kuma kiwo na Santiam hops

An ƙirƙiro Santiam hops don biyan buƙatun musamman na yankin Pacific Northwest. Wannan ƙoƙarin ya fara ne a ƙarshen shekarun 1980 a Jami'ar Jihar Oregon da Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Amurka. Manufar ita ce ƙirƙirar hops mai ƙamshi irin na Turai. An gudanar da gwaje-gwajen fili don inganta zaɓin, tare da mai da hankali kan ƙamshi mai ɗorewa da halayen noma.

• Ci gaba a Corvallis, Oregon A Corvallis, an fara wani aikin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin masana ilimi da USDA-ARS. Masu bincike a Jihar Oregon da USDA-ARS sun gudanar da gwaje-gwaje masu yawa. Waɗannan gwaje-gwajen sun yi nufin tantance ƙamshi, yawan amfanin ƙasa, da kuma juriya ga cututtuka. An mayar da hankali kan cimma daidaiton bayanin mai ga masu yin giya.
• Nau'in iyaye Tsarin kiwo ya haɗa da Swiss Tettnanger da German Hallertauer Mittelfrüher a matsayin iyayen farko. Nau'in nau'in Amurka, wanda aka samo daga Cascade,
• Tarihin fitarwa da kuma shigar USDA Fitar da hops na Santiam a hukumance da USDA ta yi ya nuna ƙarshen kusan shekaru goma na kiwo. Tsarin ya fara ne a shekarar 1988, tare da bayar da sanarwar jama'a bayan rajistar ƙarshe. USDA ta yi aiki da Tashar Gwajin Noma ta Oregon da tashoshi a Washington da Idaho. Rahotannin hukuma sun yi cikakken bayani game da abubuwan da suka haɗa da mai da acid ga manoma da masu yin giya.

Kusa da koren Santiam hop masu launin kore da ke rataye daga bishiyoyi masu jujjuyawa a cikin filin hop, tare da trellises, ƙasa mai launin ruwan kasa, sararin sama mai shuɗi, da tsaunuka masu nisa a bango.
Danna ko danna hoton don ƙarin bayani da kuma ƙuduri mafi girma.

Santam hops

Santiam ta shahara a tsakanin nau'ikan hops masu ƙamshi da aka noma a Amurka, wanda aka san shi da halayen Turai da kuma halayen filin aiki. An yi shi ne don bai wa masu yin giya ƙamshi mai laushi, mai kama da daraja. A lokaci guda, yana ba wa manoman amfanin gona mai kyau a duk faɗin Arewa maso Yammacin Pacific. Asalin nau'in da kuma aikin gona yana tasiri ga yadda masu yin giya da manoma ke amfani da shi a girke-girke na zamani.

Kwayoyin halittar Triploid da kuma mazurari marasa iri

A matsayinsa na triploid, Santiam galibi yana samar da mazugi marasa iri, koda kuwa akwai pollen na maza. Wannan tsarin kwayoyin halitta yana rage samuwar iri mai kyau. Yana inganta ingancin mazugi ga masu yin giya kuma yana rage haɗarin samun lahani na giya da aka shuka. Matsayin triploid kuma yana tabbatar da ƙamshi mai kyau da ingancin gani a cikin hops da aka girbe.

Daidaitawa ga yankunan noma na Arewa maso Yammacin Pacific

Gwaje-gwajen da aka gudanar a Oregon da Washington sun nuna cewa Santiam ya saba da yanayin PNW na yau da kullun. Yana nuna ƙarfin matsakaici zuwa babba, ƙarfin tsakiyar kakar, da kuma ingantaccen amfanin gona. Masu noman a wasu gwaje-gwajen ɓangare na uku sun ba da rahoton yawan amfanin gona har zuwa kimanin kilogiram 2,400/ha. Wannan ya sa Santiam ya zama zaɓi mai amfani ga waɗanda ke neman ƙamshi irin na Turai tare da ƙarfin aiki mai kyau a filin.

Sunaye da lambar madadin (SNT)

• Lambar SNT hop ita ce ma'aunin da aka saba amfani da shi a cikin kasida da rahotannin gwaji da yawa.
• Masu noma da masu yin giya sau da yawa suna kwatanta Santiam a matsayin Tettnanger ko kuma wani nau'in hop na turare na Amurka irin na Turai.
• Amfani da lambar SNT hop yana sauƙaƙa yin oda, bin diddigin gwaji, da kuma kiyaye rikodin dakin gwaje-gwaje don sayayya da bincike.

An ambaci kwayoyin halittar Santiam, triploid Santiam, lambar SNT hop, da kuma daidaitawar Santiam a cikin bayanin kula da masu noma da kuma bayanan masana'antar giya. Wannan yana tabbatar da sadarwa mai kyau a tsakanin sarkar samar da kayayyaki. Hadin kiwo, halayyar gona, da lakabi ya sa hop ya zama babban abin da masu yin giya ke buƙata. Suna neman kyakkyawan suna tare da ingantaccen noma.

Kusa da kone-konen Santiam hop da aka lulluɓe da raɓa a cikin hasken safe mai dumi tare da kayan aikin yin giya na ƙauye da kuma tuddai masu birgima a hankali a bango.
Danna ko danna hoton don ƙarin bayani da kuma ƙuduri mafi girma.

Bayanin dandano da ƙamshi masu amfani ga masu yin giya

Santiam tana da gauraye mai laushi na ganye da furanni, wanda ke jan hankalin masu yin giya waɗanda ke daraja ƙarancin amfani. Ɗanɗanon sa yana kama da hops mai kyau, wanda hakan ya sa ya dace da lagers masu sauƙi da ales masu ƙarfi. Masu yin giya galibi suna son ƙarawa a ƙarshen lokaci don kiyaye waɗannan halaye masu laushi.

Babban abin da ake gani a cikinsa ya haɗa da ɗanɗanon furanni masu laushi da launukan ganye masu kore. Ƙanshin Santiam yana ɗauke da manyan bayanai na 'ya'yan itace, waɗanda ke kama da pear, 'ya'yan citrus masu haske, ko kuma 'ya'yan itacen dutse. Waɗannan launukan 'ya'yan itace suna fitowa ne daga mai mai canzawa kamar myrcene.

Abubuwan barkono da yaji suna ƙara rikitarwa ba tare da sun mamaye tushen ba. Halin fure mai yaji na Santiam yana bayyana a matsayin barkono baƙi ko kayan ƙanshi mai ɗumi, wanda aka haɗa shi da caryophyllene da wasu sesquiterpenes. Ƙananan allurai na whirlpool ko hops busassun da aka auna suna ƙara wa wannan kayan ƙanshin kyau, suna ba da bambanci mai daɗi.

Fassara waɗannan mai zuwa giyar da aka gama ya dogara ne akan lokaci da salon sa. Ƙarawa da wuri yana ƙara ɗaci kuma yana rasa ƙanshi da yawa. Duk da haka, amfani da late-kettle, whirlpool, da dry-hop yana riƙe da ƙamshin Santiam da ƙanshin ganye masu laushi. A cikin IPAs da APAs, yana aiki mafi kyau azaman hop mai ƙawata, wanda aka lanƙwasa a ƙarƙashin nau'ikan 'ya'yan itace masu haske.

• Yi amfani da ƙarin kayan da aka ƙara a baya don adana furanni da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu kyau.
• Zaɓi girke-girke masu sauƙi don nuna yanayin ganyen mai laushi.
• Haɗa da hops masu 'ya'yan itace idan kuna son bayanin martaba mai ƙarfi.

Kusa da ƙananan bishiyoyin Santiam hop da aka lulluɓe da raɓa a kan wani katako mai ƙauye kusa da ƙaramin gilashin giyar zinare, tare da bangon giya mai duhu.
Danna ko danna hoton don ƙarin bayani da kuma ƙuduri mafi girma.

Amfani da giya da kuma lokacin ƙarawa

Santiam ya fi kyau a yi amfani da shi don ƙara ƙamshi, ba don ƙara ɗaci ba. Masu yin giya suna son shi don samun ɗanɗanon ganye da furanni masu laushi. Suna ƙara shi a ƙarshen tafasa, a lokacin hutun ruwa, ko kuma a matsayin busasshen hop. Wannan hanyar tana kiyaye mai mai canzawa kamar myrcene, humulene, da farnesene, wanda ke nuna halayen hop ɗin masu kyau.

Don ƙamshi, ana ƙara Santiam kaɗan a ƙarshen tafasa (minti 5-10), ko kuma a cikin ruwan zafi mai sanyi a zafin 170-180°F. Haka kuma ana amfani da shi azaman busasshen hop yayin fermentation ko conditioning. Yi amfani da shi kaɗan, musamman idan aka haɗa shi da hops na Amurka mai yawan mai, don samun kyakkyawan fure. Idan aka haɗa shi da hops na gaba-gaba na 'ya'yan itace, Santiam yana ƙara wa tsakiyar note ɗin ba tare da ya fi ƙarfin 'ya'yan itacen ba.

Shawarwarin nau'ikan giya da aka ba da shawarar sun haɗa da American Pale Ale da India Pale Ale, inda Santiam ke ƙara ɗanɗanon ganye da furanni masu laushi. Haka kuma ya dace da American Blonde Ale, American Lager, Pilsner, Kölsch, Bock, da Helles. A cikin lagers da pilsners, ƙarin haske yana ba da ɗanɗanon kyau yayin da yake kiyaye yanayin malt mai tsabta.

• Don APA/IPA: haɗa Santiam da Citra ko Mosaic don ƙara zurfin ganye a bayan 'ya'yan itace masu haske.
• Ga lagers da pilsners: zaɓi yeasts na lager masu tsabta kamar Wyeast 2001 ko White Labs WLP830 kuma yi amfani da malts na Pils masu tsaka tsaki don barin ƙanshin Santiam ya fito.
• Ga salon Kölsch da Blonde: ɗan ƙaramin wurin iyo da ɗan gajeren wurin da aka taɓa shi da busasshen hop suna samar da furanni masu laushi.

Daidaito yana da mahimmanci idan aka yi la'akari da matsakaicin sinadarin alpha na Santiam. A kiyaye malt bill mai sauƙi da tsaka tsaki don guje wa rufe ƙananan furanni. A guji manyan hatsi na musamman yayin da ake ƙoƙarin kiyaye ƙamshi. A zaɓi nau'in yisti da ke da tsabta kuma a rage esters don kiyaye yanayin ganyen hop.

Lokacin da ake shirin yin giyar Santiam, a yi la'akari da ita a matsayin wani abin sha mai ƙamshi. Ƙaramin giya mai kyau da aka ƙara a lokaci yana ba da sarkakiya da kuma kyakkyawan suna ba tare da wuce gona da iri na dandanon giya ba.

Brewmaster yana auna tsalle-tsalle na Santiam kusa da tukunya mai tururi da gilashin giyar amber a kan teburin katako na ƙauye.
Danna ko danna hoton don ƙarin bayani da kuma ƙuduri mafi girma.

Bayanan sinadarai da ƙimar ƙima

Santiam yana da daidaiton yanayin acid da mai, wanda ya dace da haɓaka ƙamshi. Masu yin giya suna amfani da wannan sinadari don daidaita ɗaci, haɓaka ƙamshi, da hasashen tsufa. Bayanan da ke ƙasa suna wakiltar nau'ikan da aka saba gani daga rahotannin amfanin gona daban-daban da nazarin dakin gwaje-gwaje.

Alfa acid a cikin Santiam yawanci yana tsakanin kashi 5.0% zuwa 8.5%, matsakaicin kusan kashi 6.8%. Ƙara Santiam da wuri yana ƙara ɗanɗanon ɗaci, yana ƙara malt ba tare da ya rinjaye shi ba. Wannan ɗanɗanon ɗaci mai sauƙi ya sa ya zama abin sha'awa ga ƙananan ƙari a cikin yin giya mai amfani biyu.

• Matsayin Alpha acid: babban mai ba da gudummawa ga ɗacin isomerized yayin tafasa.
• Matsakaicin kewayon alpha: 5.0–8.5% (matsakaicin ~6.8%).

Beta acids a cikin Santiam yana tsakanin kashi 5.3% zuwa 8.5%, matsakaicin kusan kashi 6.9%. Ba kamar alpha acid ba, beta acid ba ya yin isomerization don haifar da ɗaci. Madadin haka, suna ba da gudummawa ga matrix na hop resin kuma suna iya oxidize akan lokaci, suna shafar ƙanshin giyar da ya tsufa.

• Hanyar iskar shaka: Santiam beta acid na iya haifar da ƙamshi na uku yayin da giya ke tsufa.
• Matsakaicin kewayon beta: ~5.3–8.5% (matsakaicin kusan 6.9%).

Matakan co-humulone a Santiam yawanci suna raguwa tsakanin kashi 18% zuwa 24%, matsakaicin kusan kashi 21%. Wannan ya sanya Santiam cikin matsakaicin rukuni na cohumulone. Matakan co-humulone mafi girma na iya haifar da ɗaci mai kaifi, amma amfani da ƙamshin hop yana rage wannan tasirin a yawancin girke-girke.

• Tasirin co-humulone: gefen da ke ƙasa zuwa ɗaci idan aka yi amfani da shi don ɗaci da wuri.
• Matsakaicin co-humulone: 18–24% (matsakaici ~21%).

Rabon Alpha:beta na Santiam na iya kasancewa daga kusan 1:1 zuwa 2:1, wanda yanayi da wurin da aka yi amfani da shi suka shafa. Ma'aunin adana Hop na 0.40–0.50 yana nuna yiwuwar asarar acid da mai a zafin ɗaki. Ajiyewa mai kyau da ƙarancin iskar oxygen yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye alpha da beta acid na Santiam, tabbatar da ingantaccen lokacin shiryawa da kuma aikin yin giya akai-akai.

Lokacin da ake tsara girke-girke, yana da mahimmanci a dogara da matsakaicin adadi kuma a daidaita bisa ga gwajin rukuni. Kula da Santiam cohumulone tare da alpha da beta acid yana taimakawa wajen hasashen yadda ake jin ɗaci da kuma yadda ƙamshi ke canzawa yayin tsufa.

An girbe sabbin duwatsun Santiam hop da aka shirya a kan teburin katako mai ban mamaki tare da ganye kore da kuma bargo a ƙarƙashin hasken halitta mai dumi.
Danna ko danna hoton don ƙarin bayani da kuma ƙuduri mafi girma.

Man shafawa masu mahimmanci da kuma direbobin ji

Santiam hops cakuda sinadarai ne masu mahimmanci waɗanda ke tasiri ga ƙamshi da ɗanɗanon giya. Masu yin giya suna zurfafa cikin man Santiam don fahimtar yadda abubuwan da ke canzawa da kuma waɗanda ke da karko ke haifar da fure, mai yaji, da 'ya'yan itace. Suna amfani da dabarun aiki yayin tafasa, juyawa, da bushewa don kiyaye waɗannan halaye.

Myrcene galibi shine man da ya fi canzawa a cikin cakuda humulene na Santiam myrcene. Kasancewarsa yawanci yana kusan kashi 20-30%. Wannan man yana ba da ƙarin dandano na citrus, resinous, da 'ya'yan itace. Don kama wannan 'ya'yan itace, ya kamata a ƙara hops a ƙarshen tukunya ko a lokacin juyawa da kuma ta hanyar busar da shi.

A gefe guda kuma, Humulene ba ta da saurin canzawa kuma tana ƙara launuka masu kama da itace, masu daraja, da na ganye. Yawanci tana kama da tsakiyar shekarun 20 na Santiam. Wannan kasancewarta mai ɗorewa tana ba da sahihan man ƙanshi na fure-ganye na Santiam. Don riƙe humulene, masu yin giya ya kamata su yi amfani da gajeren lokacin tafasa da matsakaicin zafin jiki, don kare terpenes masu laushi.

Caryophyllene da farnesene suna ba da gudummawa ga zurfin fure mai yaji da kore. Caryophyllene, wanda ke da kusan kashi 5-8%, yana ba da lafazi mai ɗanɗanon barkono da itace. Farnesene, wanda ake samu a ƙananan shekaru, yana ƙara sabbin furanni masu launin kore. Kasancewarsu yana ƙara wa bouquet ɗin hop daɗi kuma yana ƙara ƙamshin giya.

• Ƙarawa a ƙarshen lokaci da kuma jujjuyawar ruwa: kiyaye 'ya'yan itatuwa da myrcene ke haifarwa da kuma ɗan humulene.
• Dry-hop: Man ƙanshi na Santiam masu sauƙin amsawa ga zafi, musamman myrcene.
• Tafasasshen ruwa mai tsawo da wuri: cire ɗaci amma yana ƙona turare masu ƙarfi daga Santiam.

Rabon humulene-zuwa-caryophyllene a cikin Santiam ya yi daidai da halin hop mai kyau, wanda ya dace da ƙamshi irin na Turai. Ƙananan gyare-gyare a cikin lokaci da zafin jiki na iya canza tasirin citrus, fure, mai yaji, ko barkono na giya sosai. Shafa mai na Santiam cikin tunani yana haɓaka ƙwarewar jin daɗi ta ƙarshe ba tare da ƙara ɗanɗanon malt da yisti ba.

Halayen tsalle-tsalle na jiki da noma

Santiam yana nuna halaye iri-iri na gona waɗanda suke da mahimmanci ga manoma da masu yin giya. Lura kan siffar mazugi, yanayin girma, lokacin yanayi, da kuma amfani da girbi yana jagorantar shuka da sarrafa shi. Waɗannan fahimta sun samo asali ne daga rahotannin gwaji da gogewar manoma.

Siffar mazugi da yawa

Mazubin Santiam yawanci suna ƙanana zuwa matsakaici a girma. Suna da santsi, suna bayyana a buɗe kuma suna jin haske. Wannan halayyar na iya rikitar da sarrafa injina yayin girbi da sarrafawa.

Jerin yawan amfanin gona

• Gwaje-gwaje sau da yawa suna ba da rahoton cewa Santiam yana samar da amfanin gona tsakanin kg 1,430 da 1,780/ha (lb 1,280–1,580/eka).
• Wasu gwaje-gwaje sun nuna cewa yawan amfanin gona ya kai kimanin kilogiram 2,400 a kowace ha (kimanin lb 2,000 a kowace eka), wanda ya zarce matakan Tettnanger.

Ƙarfi da ƙimar girma

A Arewa maso Yammacin Tekun Pacific, shuke-shuken Santiam suna nuna ƙarfin ciyayi daga matsakaici zuwa babba. Suna girma da sauri a lokacin bazara, suna samar da rufin da ya yi ƙarfi. Wannan ƙarfin yana tallafawa cikakken ɗaukar trellis da kuma samar da mazugi mai ɗorewa a duk tsawon kakar.

Lokacin girma da lokacin girma

Santiam yana girma a tsakiyar kakar, yana daidaitawa da nau'ikan ƙamshi da yawa. A yankin Arewa maso Yammacin Amurka na Pacific, girbin ƙanshin hop yawanci yana farawa daga tsakiyar zuwa ƙarshen watan Agusta. Masu noman dole ne su sa ido kan yanayin mazugi da HSI don su ɗanɗana a lokacin da ƙamshi da riƙe mai suka yi yawa.

La'akari da girbi

• Yawan mazugi mai laushi yana rikitar da girbin injina; haɗa saitunan da kyau da kuma sarrafa su a hankali yana rage lalacewar mazugi.
• Daidaita sigogin rarrabawa da bushewa don adana mai masu canzawa da kuma rage asara yayin sarrafawa.

Tsarin noma mai inganci na Santiam dole ne ya yi la'akari da tsarin mazugi, lokacin yanayi, da kuma yawan amfanin gona. Waɗannan abubuwan suna tasiri ga aiki, kayan aiki, da kuma sarrafa bayan girbi don kare ƙamshi da inganci.

Kalubalen Juriyar Cututtuka da Noma

Santiam ya gabatar da wani yanayi mai sarkakiya ga manoma, tare da fa'idodi da rashin amfani. Rahotanni sun nuna ƙarfin juriyarsa ga cututtuka daga mildew mai ƙaiƙayi. Wannan yanayin yana rage asarar amfanin gona sosai a maɓuɓɓugan ruwa masu danshi kuma yana rage buƙatar feshi akai-akai a gonaki da yawa.

Duk da haka, manoma dole ne su kasance masu taka tsantsan game da mildew mai ƙura a lokacin busasshiyar rana da dumi. Juriyar mildew a Santiam ba ta da tabbas a duk wuraren, wasu kuma suna fuskantar rashin lafiya a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba mai tsanani na fungal. Binciken da aka yi a hankali da kuma amfani da maganin fungal a kan lokaci yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye lafiyar rufin da kuma kiyaye ingancin mazugi.

Girbi Santiam yana da nasa ƙalubale. Sau da yawa mazubin suna da sassauƙa, wanda hakan ke sa su zama masu sauƙin lalacewa daga masu girbin injina. Manoma gabaɗaya suna ɗaukar wahalar girbin Santiam a matsayin matsakaici zuwa babba. Suna ba da shawarar a kula da su da kyau da kuma daidaita saitunan girbi don rage asara da rauni.

• Kula da yanayin da ke cikin rufin don rage haɗarin mildew mai ƙura.
• Daidaita saurin girbi da bel ɗin ɗaukar kaya don kare mazurari masu rauni.
• Shirya lokacin girbi don guje wa danshi ko yanayin ƙura.

Aikin adanawa na Santiam yana raguwa a matsakaicin matsayi. Ƙimar HSI, kusan 0.4–0.5, tana nuna matsakaicin ajiya. Gwaje-gwaje sun nuna kusan kashi 40–50% na riƙewar alpha-acid bayan watanni shida a zafin 68°F (20°C). Don haka, ajiyar sanyi da rage iskar oxygen na iya haɓaka ƙamshi da daci.

Matakai masu amfani suna da mahimmanci don kiyaye inganci. Sanyaya cikin sauri bayan girbi, marufi da aka rufe da injin tsotsa, da kuma ajiyar firiji a cikin rumbunan ajiya sune mabuɗin. Waɗannan matakan suna taimakawa wajen tsawaita rayuwar amfani da kuma kare man hop waɗanda ke bayyana yanayin ƙamshi na Santiam.

Kwatantawa da maye gurbin da ya dace

Santiam yana aiki a matsayin madadin hops mai ƙamshi iri-iri da aka noma a Amurka. Masu yin giya suna son shi don neman furanni, ganye, da ɗanɗanon yaji. Wannan gaskiya ne musamman lokacin da nau'ikan Turai ba su da yawa.

Madadin da aka fi amfani da shi fiye da Santiam sun haɗa da Tettnanger, Spalt, Spalter Select, Hallertau, da Liberty. Waɗannan hops suna ba da kyakkyawan tsari mai kama da na alfarma wanda girke-girke da yawa ke buƙata. Zaɓi madadin Tettnanger idan kuna son yanayin ganye mai laushi da furanni na gargajiya wanda ya yi kama da na asali na Jamus.

Ga jagora don musanya hops:

• Don ƙarin giya a ƙarshen lokaci da kuma yin tsalle-tsalle a busasshe, a fifita dandano da ƙamshi. Siffofin ganye da furanni masu sauƙi sune mabuɗin ƙamshin giya, fiye da ainihin ƙimar alpha.
• Don maye gurbin datti, daidaita kashi na alpha-acid sannan a sake lissafin adadin. Wannan yana tabbatar da cewa ɗacin ya kasance daidai.
• Idan kana buƙatar ƙarin yawan amfanin gona ko yawan amfanin gona yayin da kake kiyaye yanayin Turai, Santiam zai iya maye gurbin hops ɗin ƙamshi na Jamus a cikin girke-girke da yawa. Yana kiyaye yanayin da ake so.

Wasu masu yin giya suna zaɓar Citra ko wasu nau'ikan 'ya'yan itatuwa a matsayin madadin a cikin takamaiman yanayi. Zaɓi Citra don manyan abubuwan citrus da na wurare masu zafi, maimakon kayan ƙanshi masu daɗi. Wannan zaɓin yana canza alkiblar ƙamshi ta giya, don haka daidaita zaɓin malt da yisti daidai gwargwado.

Idan ana kwatanta daidaiton dandano da na alpha-acid, a yi la'akari da rawar da ƙarin ke takawa. Ƙarin da aka mayar da hankali kan ƙamshi yana amfana daga fifita daidaiton ji. Ƙarin da ke da ɗaci yana buƙatar daidaitawar alpha da lissafi mai kyau. Yi amfani da madadin Santiam cikin tunani don tabbatar da cewa giyar ƙarshe ta riƙe daidaito da ƙamshin da aka yi niyya.

Misalan girke-girke masu amfani waɗanda ke nuna Santaam

Santiam ya fi kyau a yi amfani da shi azaman aroma hop. A ƙasa, za ku sami jadawalin ale na Amurka mai launin pale da light lager ko pilsner. Akwai kuma jagora kan ƙara whirlpool da dry-hop. A auna dukkan nauyi zuwa girman batch ɗinku kuma a daidaita don crop alpha da jimlar adadin mai.

Shafi na Pale Ale na Amurka (OG ~ 1.050, FG ~ 1.010):

• Kudin hatsi: Tushen Amurka mai layuka biyu, 5-8% lu'ulu'u 5-10L don launi da caramel mai sauƙi.
• Yis: Chico/US-05 ko Wyeast 1056 don ingantaccen bayanin ester.
• Abin haushi: tsalle-tsalle mai tsayi-tsayi mai tsaka-tsaki da wuri don isa ga IBUs da aka nufa.
• Kettle ɗin da aka makara: ƙara Santiam a minti 10-15, an ba da shawarar 0.5–1.0 oz/gal (a daidaita shi da alpha).
• Whirlpool: Minti 30–60 a zafin jiki na 170–185°F tare da 0.5–1.0 oz/gal na Santiam don ɗaga furanni.
• Dry-hop: 0.5 oz/gal na tsawon kwanaki 3-7 don nuna alamun ganye da furanni.

Bayanin lager mai haske / Pilsner:

• Biyan kuɗi na hatsi: Pilsner malt tare da ƙarancin malt na musamman don kiyaye haske.
• Yis: tsaftace nau'in lager mai ƙarancin samar da ester da kuma lager mai kyau.
• Ƙarawa a ƙarshen lokaci: yi amfani da Santiam a cikin ruwan zafi ko kettle mai latti a 0.25–0.5 oz/gal don ƙara fure mai kama da mai kyau ba tare da ɓoye malt ba.
• Bayan ya yi tsami: a yi la'akari da ƙara ɗan ƙaramin ƙamshi busasshe (0.25–0.5 oz/gal) bayan an ƙara masa turare mai laushi.

Jagorar allurar Dry-hop da whirlpool:

• Ga yawancin ales, a yi amfani da 0.5–1.0 oz/gal a cikin ruwan zafi ko busasshen hop don samun ƙamshi mai daɗi. Wannan jagorar ta ƙunshi girke-girke na Santiam da aka saba da su kuma tana daidaita ƙarfi da jin daɗi.
• Don nau'ikan launuka masu sauƙi, a rage zuwa 0.25–0.5 oz/gal don guje wa yawan malt da yisti.
• Daidaita bisa ga girman batch ɗin, ƙarfin da ake so, da kuma matakan alpha ko mai da aka auna daga mai samar da ku.

Bayanan aiki game da dabara:

• A ba da fifiko ga ƙarin da aka yi a ƙarshen lokaci. Man Santiam suna da rauni kuma tsawon lokacin da aka shafa mai zafi zai rage 'ya'yan itace da halayyar furanni masu laushi.
• Lokacin da ake juyawa, a riƙe na minti 30–60 a zafin jiki na 170–185°F don fitar da ƙamshi ba tare da ya fitar da sinadarai masu guba ba.
• Yi rikodin ƙimar da sakamakon Santiam dry hop ɗinku don ku iya inganta zaɓin girke-girke na Santiam APA na gaba da kuma daidaita tsammanin ƙamshi.

Samuwa, siyayya da tsare-tsare

Tabbatar da Santiam don giyar ku ya ƙunshi duba masu samar da kayayyaki, tsari, da shekarar girbi cikin sauri. Dillalai suna ba da cikakken mazugi da ƙwaya, tare da canjin matakan kaya a kowane lokaci. Kullum a tabbatar da ranar marufi da yanayin ajiya kafin a yi odar ku.

Lokacin neman inda za a saya, yi la'akari da gonakin hop na yanki, masu rarrabawa da aka kafa, da manyan dandamali na kan layi. Kwatanta farashi da tsare-tsare ta hanyar bincika jerin gonakin hop, masu samar da giya na sana'a, da Amazon a Amurka. Ba da fifiko ga masu siyarwa waɗanda suka bayyana shekarar girbi a sarari kuma suna amfani da marufi mai rufewa lokacin siyan Santiam hops.

Sabuwa tana da matuƙar muhimmanci wajen kiyaye ƙamshi da ɗanɗano. Zaɓi hops daga shekarar girbi ta yanzu don samun ingantaccen ƙarfin mai. Tabbatar cewa an yi wa samfurin pellet ko kuma an rufe shi da injin tsabtace iska, an kuma aika shi da injin tsabtace iska idan akwai. Duba jadawalin alpha da kwanakin marufi daga masu samar da kayayyaki don daidaita buƙatun girke-girke.

Tsarin da ake da su suna da sauƙi. Dukan mazurari sun dace da ƙananan tsalle-tsalle na busassun nama, suna kiyaye ingancin mazurari. A gefe guda kuma, Santiam mai pelletized yana ba da isasshen allurai da sauƙin adanawa, wanda hakan ya fi dacewa ga masu yin giya da yawa. A halin yanzu, babu foda lupulin mai ƙarfi da ake samu don wannan nau'in.

• Wuraren siyayya na yau da kullun: gonakin hop, masu rarraba craft hop, kasuwannin kan layi kamar Amazon (Amurka).
• Tsarin: cikakken mazugi da hops ɗin da aka yi wa pellet; siffar pellet galibi ana fifita ta don ajiya da daidaito.
• Duba sabo: shekarar girbi, ranar marufi, hatimin injin tsotsa, jigilar kaya zuwa sarkar sanyi.

Bayanan kasuwa sun nuna cewa samuwar Santiam na iya bambanta dangane da yanayi da kuma mai siyarwa. Don rukunin kasuwanci ko kuma waɗanda aka fitar da su kaɗan, tuntuɓi masu samar da Santiam da wuri don tabbatar da adadin da aka adana da kuma tabbatar da shekarar girbi. Masu sha'awar sha'awa za su iya samun ƙananan fakiti daga dillalai masu suna cikin sauri.

Ajiya da tsawon lokacin ajiya don adana ƙamshi

Daidaitawar da aka yi da kyau yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye yanayin hop don aikin tafasa a ƙarshen tafasa da kuma aikin busasshen hop. Shawarwari kan adana Santiam suna shafar ɗaci da ƙamshi. Ƙananan bambance-bambance a cikin zafin jiki da fallasa iskar oxygen na iya canza aiki sosai, fiye da yadda masu yin giya ke tsammani.

Tsawon lokacin da Santiam zai yi a zafin ɗaki kaɗan ne. Bincike ya nuna cewa Santiam yana riƙe da kusan kashi 40–50% na alpha acid ɗinsa bayan watanni shida a zafin 68°F (20°C). Wannan matakin asarar yana nufin cewa hops ɗin da suka tsufa, waɗanda ba a sanyaya su ba za su sami ƙarancin ɗaci da ƙamshi mai kauri idan aka yi amfani da su don ƙara warin ƙasa ko busasshen hop.

Yin amfani da mafi kyawun hanyoyin aiki na iya rage lalacewa da kuma kare muhimman mai. Ajiyewa a cikin firiji ko injin daskarewa shine mafi inganci. Yi amfani da jakunkuna masu rufewa ko marufi mai sinadarin nitrogen don rage iskar oxygen da kuma tsawaita lokacin da za a ajiye shi.

• Fakitin da aka rufe da injin ko kuma wanda aka yi amfani da sinadarin nitrogen wajen tsaftace iskar oxygen yana rage iskar oxygen.
• Ajiyar daskarewa tana adana man hop da alpha acid na tsawon watanni zuwa shekaru.
• A takaita canjin haske da zafin jiki yayin jigilar kaya da sarrafawa.

Ƙimar ajiya ta Santiam HSI yawanci tana tsakanin 0.4–0.5. Wannan kewayon yana nuna raguwar mai da acid ɗin da za a iya aunawa sai dai idan an ajiye hops a cikin sanyi kuma ba tare da iskar oxygen ba. Bi diddigin HSI da shekarar amfanin gona akan kowane tsari don yin zaɓin girke-girke mai kyau.

Tsarin girke-girke mai amfani dole ne ya yi la'akari da shekarun hop da HSI. Tsoffin Santiam cones waɗanda ke da HSI mai yawa galibi suna buƙatar ƙarin ƙari a ƙarshen don tasirin ƙamshi ko kuma ana iya canza su zuwa ayyukan ɗaci. Ajiye Santiam na yanzu don aikin tafasa mai laushi da busasshen hop don adana furanni da ganye.

Lokacin siyayya, tabbatar da asalin wurin kuma ka tambayi game da yanayin ajiya. Daidaita lakabin shekarar girbi da HSI yana taimakawa wajen hango tsawon lokacin da zai rage a wurin da kuma daidaita adadin giyar da za a iya amfani da ita don daidaita yanayin giya.

Santaam a fannin yin giya da sana'o'in hannu na kasuwanci

Santiam ya riƙe matsayinsa a cikin giyar Amurka a hankali. An zaɓe shi saboda launin furanni masu laushi, wanda ke ƙara wa tushe mai tsayi ba tare da ya rinjaye su ba. Man shafawansa masu daidaito sun dace da salon da ba shi da wayo.

A fannin yin giya, ana amfani da Santiam sau da yawa don ƙara ƙamshin APA da IPAs. Ana haɗa shi da hops mai ƙarfi don ƙara ɗanɗanon ganye da yaji, wanda ke ƙara wa giyar kyau. Wannan hanyar tana ƙara zurfin giyar ba tare da ɓoye bayyananniya ba.

Ga masu sha'awar lager da pilsners, Santiam yana kawo wani hali na Turai mai suna noble-hop a cikin giyar Amurka. Siffarsa mai kama da Tettnanger tana ba da ɗanɗanon fure, ganye, da kayan ƙanshi masu kyau. Waɗannan sun dace da giya mai tsabta da kuma ɗanɗanon yisti mai ƙarfi.

• Ana amfani da shi a cikin giya mai sauƙi: yana ba da ƙamshi mai laushi ba tare da cika tushen ba.
• Dabarar haɗawa: a haɗa a ƙarshen ko a cikin ruwan sama don ɗagawa mai ƙamshi.
• Salo masu manufa: APA, IPA, lager, pilsner da girke-girke na sana'a masu haɗaka.

Duk da fa'idodin da Santiam ke da su na yin giya, sha'awarsa ta kasuwanci ba ta da yawa. Talla da shaharar wasu nau'ikan kamar Citra, Cascade, da Centennial suna taka rawa. Santiam har yanzu tana cikin wani yanki, wanda ya mamaye shahararrun hops.

Rashin shan manyan ƙwayoyi da kuma rashin nau'in foda na lupulin da aka saba da shi yana hana ganin Santiam. Duk da haka, masu yin giya waɗanda ke daraja wayo har yanzu suna zaɓar sa. Duk da haka, yawan amfani da shi yana kawo cikas ga sha'awar ƙarin hops mai ƙamshi.

Ga waɗanda ke da niyyar ƙirƙirar ƙamshi mai kyau a cikin giyar zamani ta Amurka, Santiam zaɓi ne mai aminci. Yana ba da sakamako mai dorewa, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama zaɓi mai aminci ga masu yin giya waɗanda ke neman daidaito maimakon ƙarfin hali.

Bayanan dakin gwaje-gwaje da nassoshi na bincike

Binciken Santiam da bayanan dakin gwaje-gwaje suna da matuƙar muhimmanci ga masu yin giya da manoma. Suna bayar da cikakkun bayanai game da sinadaran sinadarai, yawan amfanin da ake samu a gwajin filin, da kuma bayanan aikin gona. Waɗannan takardu suna da matuƙar muhimmanci ga waɗanda ke sha'awar kwayoyin halittar Santiam masu siffar triploid.

Haɗaɗɗen sinadarai a cikin rahotannin kiwo da taƙaitaccen bayanin masu samar da kayayyaki yana nuna cewa alpha acid yana tsakanin 5-8.5%. Haka nan an ruwaito cewa beta acid yana da ƙanƙanta, tare da kewayon 5-7%. Jimlar ƙimar mai tana kusa da 1.3-2.2 mL a kowace 100 g na hops.

Bayanan da aka tattara daga dakin gwaje-gwaje na Santiam sun nuna cewa sinadarin myrcene ya kai kashi 15% zuwa 50%, galibi tsakanin kashi 20-36%. Humulene yawanci yana tsakanin kashi 18-30%, tare da matsakaicin darajar kashi 23-26%. An ruwaito Caryophyllene a kusan kashi 4.8-9%. Farnesene, wanda ke taimakawa wajen bayyanar furanni masu yaji, yana kusa da kashi 8-16%.

Bayanan yawan amfanin gona da gwajin filin daga Oregon da Washington suna da kyau. Wasu gwaje-gwajen sun sami kilogiram 1,430–1,780 a kowace ha. Wasu kuma sun kai kusan kilogiram 2,400 a kowace ha, wanda ke nuna cewa Santiam zai iya yin fice fiye da Tettnanger a ƙarƙashin yanayi mafi kyau.

• Jerin amfanin gona na gwaji: 1,430–2,400 kg/ha (kimanin adadi).
• Samar da mazugi mara iri kusan yana da alaƙa da kwayoyin halittar triloid; an rubuta shi a cikin taƙaitaccen bayanin noma.
• Abubuwan da aka lura a filin sun nuna cewa an daidaita su akai-akai a wurare a yankin Arewa maso Yammacin Pacific.

Sanarwar fitar da nau'in hop da kuma wallafe-wallafen da aka yi ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa a tashoshin gwaji sun tabbatar da ingancin nau'in. Sanarwar fitar da Henning da Haunold daga Maris 1998 ita ce sanarwar a hukumance. Labarin Alfred Haunold na 1998 a cikin The New Brewer ya bayyana aikin ɗanɗano ga sabbin nau'ikan hop, ciki har da Santiam.

Bayanan masana'antu da shafukan masu samar da kayayyaki kamar HopUnion, BeerMaverick, da BeerLegends suna tattara sinadarai, sharuɗɗan amfani, da bayanan aiki. Waɗannan albarkatu sun samo asali ne daga sanarwar sakin Santiam ta asali da rahotannin gwaji da suka biyo baya. Masu yin giya za su iya duba waɗannan bayanan da kyau ta hanyar kwatanta rahotannin babban dakin gwaje-gwaje don tsara girke-girke.

Yi amfani da jerin lambobi da ke sama a matsayin wuraren farawa. Don takamaiman tsari, nemi bayanai na dakin gwaje-gwaje na Santiam na musamman daga mai samar da kayanka. Kwatanta shi da sakamakon gwajin filin gida kafin a ƙara yawan samarwa.

Kammalawa

Kammalawa: Santiam wani nau'in hop ne na aromatic hop da aka ƙera a Amurka, wanda aka haɓaka a Corvallis, Oregon, kuma an fitar da shi a shekarar 1997. Yana da laushi, fure-fure-'ya'yan itace tare da ƙamshi mai ɗanɗano. Haɗin mai mai daidaitacce yana sa ya dace da amfani da shi a ƙarshen tafasa, whirlpool, da busasshen hop. Tare da alpha acid kusan 5-8.5% da jimlar mai kusan 1.3-2.2 mL/100g, ya dace da APA, IPA, da lagers masu sauƙi inda ake son ƙamshi mai laushi.

Takaitaccen Bayani: A fannin noma, Santiam yana da nau'in triploid mai siffar ƙwallo mara iri, yana nuna ƙarfi mai kyau da kuma ƙarfin da yake samu a tsakiyar kakar wasa. Ya dace da gonakin yankin Pacific Northwest. An ruwaito gwaje-gwajen gonaki da suka nuna cewa yana da kyau tare da Tettnanger da juriya ga cututtuka a cikin tubalan da yawa. Duk da haka, girbi mai kyau da kuma ajiyar da aka rage yawan iskar oxygen yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye yanayin ƙamshi da kuma sarrafa asarar HSI.

Bayanin Santiam hops: Ga masu yin giya, yi amfani da Santiam na yanzu don aikin ƙamshi, yana fifita ƙarawa a ƙarshen lokaci da kuma tsalle-tsalle a busasshe. Idan babu, Tettnanger, Spalt, ko Hallertau suna zama madadin ɗanɗano na kusa. Gabaɗaya, Santiam yana ba da zaɓi mai amfani, mai kyau kamar na Amurka ga masu yin giya waɗanda ke neman ɗanɗanon ganye da furanni masu laushi tare da ɗanɗanon 'ya'yan itace da ɗanɗanon yaji.

Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi akai-akai

Menene Santam kuma a ina aka haɓaka shi?

Santiam wani nau'in hop ne na ƙamshi na Amurka wanda Ma'aikatar Binciken Noma ta Amurka ta ƙirƙiro a Corvallis, Oregon. An fara kiwonsa a shekarar 1988, tare da fitar da shi a hukumance a ƙarshen shekarun 1990. An samar da shi ga manoma a shekarar 1997, godiya ga USDA da tashoshin gwaji masu haɗin gwiwa.

Menene nau'ikan Santam na asali?

Iyayen Santiam su ne Swiss Tettnanger da kuma German Hallertauer Mittelfrüher. Wani nau'in shukar Cascade da aka samo daga Amurka shi ma ya ba da gudummawa ga kwayoyin halittarsa. Manufar ita ce ƙirƙirar hops mai ƙamshi irin na Turai wanda ya dace da yin giya a Amurka.

Shin Santiam triploid ne kuma hakan yana shafar ingancin mazugi?

Eh, Santiam yana da siffar triploid. Wannan siffa tana haifar da kusan babu ƙwai a cikin shuka, koda kuwa mazan suna yin fure. Triploidy yana ƙara ingancin ƙwai, yana tabbatar da ɗanɗano mai tsabta ba tare da an cire tsaba daga gare su ba.

Ta yaya Santiam ke yin wasan kwaikwayo a fannin noma a yankin Arewa maso Yammacin Pacific?

Santiam yana bunƙasa a yankunan Oregon da Washington da ke girma. Yana nuna ƙarfin tsirrai masu matsakaicin girma da kuma ƙarfin girma a tsakiyar kakar. Yawan amfanin gonar ya kama daga kilogiram 1,430 zuwa 2,400 a kowace hekta, wanda galibi ya zarce yawan amfanin Tettnanger.

Mene ne manyan abubuwan da ke bayyana motsin rai ga Santiam?

Santiam sananne ne saboda ƙamshinsa mai laushi, na ganye, da na fure, tare da ɗanɗanon 'ya'yan itace da barkono baƙi ko kuma ɗanɗanon yaji. Yana ba da abinci mai daɗi kamar na alfarma, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama abin sha'awa a matsayin abin sha mai ƙarfafa ƙamshi.

Waɗanne man shafawa ne ke motsa ƙamshin Santiam?

Myrcene, humulene, caryophyllene, da farnesene sune manyan man da ke cikin Santiam. Myrcene yana ƙara resin 'ya'yan itace da bayanin citrus, yayin da humulene ke ba da gudummawa ga halaye masu kama da itace, fure, da kyau. Caryophyllene yana ba da lafazi mai ɗanɗano mai yaji, kuma farnesene yana ƙara ɗanɗano mai kama da kore da kuma fure mai kama da sabo.

Menene nau'ikan alpha da beta acid na Santiam da aka fi sani?

Galibi sinadarin Alpha acid yana tsakanin kashi 5.0 zuwa 8.5%, matsakaicinsa shine kusan kashi 6.8%. Beta acid yana da kusan kashi 5.3–8.5%, matsakaicinsa shine kusan kashi 6.9%. A matsayinsa na aroma hop, Santiam ana amfani da shi ne musamman don man da ke canzawa, ba mai ɗaci ba.

Menene kashi ɗaya na co-humulone na Santiam kuma me yasa yake da mahimmanci?

Co-humulone yawanci yana tsakanin kashi 18-24%, matsakaicin kusan kashi 21%. Yana iya shafar kaifin ɗaci, amma amfani da Santiam a ƙarshen lokaci don ƙamshi yana rage tasirinsa ga ɗacin giya.

Jimillar man da Santiam ke ɗauke da shi nawa ne?

Santiam yana ɗauke da kimanin 1.3–2.2 mL na jimlar mai a kowace 100 g, tare da matsakaicin kusan 1.6 mL/100 g. Tsarin mai da sabo yana ƙayyade tasirin ƙamshi.

Yaushe ya kamata in ƙara Santiam a cikin giya don ƙara ƙamshi?

A ƙara Santiam a late, kamar a cikin ruwan zafi na ƙarshe, a cikin ruwan zafi/wurin shaƙatawa a ƙananan zafin jiki, ko kuma a busar da shi. Wannan yana kiyaye launin furanni, ganye, da 'ya'yan itatuwa, domin myrcene da sauran mai masu canzawa suna ɓacewa a lokacin dogon tafasa.

Waɗanne nau'ikan giya ne suka fi dacewa da Santam?

Santiam ya dace da American Pale Ale da India Pale Ale a matsayin wani nau'in hop mai ƙarfafa dandano. Haka kuma yana ƙara launuka masu haske kamar American Blonde Ale, American Lager, Pilsner, Kölsch, Helles, da Bock.

Ta yaya zan daidaita malt da yisti don nuna Santiam?

Yi amfani da malts masu tsabta, masu tsaka-tsaki kamar malt mai layi biyu ko Pilsner. Zaɓi nau'ikan yisti masu tsatsa, kamar yeast na lager (Wyeast 2001 ko White Labs WLP830), don kiyaye ƙamshin hop ɗin. Guji malts masu nauyi na musamman yayin da ake nufin kiyaye ƙamshi.

Waɗanne canje-canje ake ba da shawarar su idan Santiam ba ya nan?

Tettnanger, Spalt, Spalter Select, Hallertau, da Liberty suna da kyau wajen maye gurbinsu. Suna da kama da furanni masu kyau da kuma ganye. Ana iya amfani da Citra don bayyanannun 'ya'yan itatuwa/citrus, amma yana canza yanayin zuwa 'ya'yan itatuwa na wurare masu zafi.

Waɗanne irin amfanin gona da kuma yanayin mazugi ne na Santiam ya fi dacewa?

Mazubin Santiam ƙanana ne zuwa matsakaici tare da yalwar da ba ta da yawa, wanda hakan ke sa girbin injina ya zama ƙalubale. Yana girma a tsakiyar kakar, tare da girbin yankin Arewa maso Yammacin Amurka na Pacific daga tsakiyar zuwa ƙarshen watan Agusta.

Waɗanne matsin lamba na cututtuka da ƙalubalen girbi ya kamata manoma su yi tsammani?

Santiam yana da kyakkyawan juriya ga mildew mai laushi amma yana iya kamuwa da mildew mai laushi. Yawan mazubinsa mai laushi yana rikitar da girbi, yana buƙatar kulawa da kyau don guje wa asarar injina da lalacewar mazubin.

Yaya Santiam ke adana kaya kuma menene HSI?

Santiam yana da matsakaicin ajiya. Ma'aunin Ajiye Hop (HSI) yana kusa da 0.4–0.5. Bincike ya nuna cewa riƙewar alpha acid da kashi 40–50% bayan watanni shida a zafin 68°F (20°C). Ajiyewa mai sanyi da ƙarancin iskar oxygen yana rage lalacewar mai da acid.

Waɗanne nau'ikan Santiam ake sayarwa kuma ana samun samfuran cryo/lupulin?

Ana samun Santiam a matsayin cones cikakke da hops ɗin da aka yi wa pelletized. Babu nau'in lupulin mai cryogenic ko foda "cryo" na kasuwanci da ake samu daga manyan masu sarrafawa. An fi son nau'in pellet don ajiya da kuma yawan shan magani.

Ta yaya zan daidaita yawan shan ruwa da kuma shan ruwa da aka yi da busasshiyar giya?

Don ƙamshi a cikin giyar ale, yi amfani da kimanin oza 0.5–1.0 a kowace galan a cikin ruwan hoda ko busasshen hop. Ga masu ƙaran lager ko pilsners, rage zuwa oza 0.25–0.5 a kowace galan. Daidaita gwargwadon girman batch da ingancin hop. Ƙara adadin hops ɗin da suka tsufa ko waɗanda aka yi musu oxidized.

Shin Santiam yana ƙara yawan ɗaci idan aka yi amfani da shi da wuri?

Alfa acid na Santiam matsakaici na iya haifar da ɗan ɗaci kaɗan a farkon tafasa. Duk da haka, ƙarin da wuri yana rasa yawancin mai masu canzawa. Don ƙamshi, yi amfani da ƙarin da aka yi a ƙarshen lokaci; don ɗaci, zaɓi hops masu tsaka tsaki na alpha ko daidaita adadin Santiam.

Yaya rabon mai na Santiam ya kwatanta da Tettnanger?

Tsarin man Santiam, wanda ya haɗa da myrcene, humulene, caryophyllene, da farnesene, yayi kama da Tettnanger. Rabon humulene-da-caryophyllene yana kusa da 3.2–3.6, yana tallafawa yanayin fure da ganye mai kama da na sarauta tare da lafazin barkono.

Ina zan iya siyan Santiam kuma wane bincike ya kamata in yi?

Sayi daga gonakin hop na yanki, masu samar da hop na musamman, da kuma dillalan kan layi waɗanda ke lissafa shekarar girbi da ranar marufi. Masu samar da hop na Pacific Northwest da kasuwannin gabaɗaya sune kyawawan hanyoyin samun amfanin gona. Zaɓi girbin shekara ta yanzu, marufi mai rufewa ko kuma wanda aka yi da nitrogen, da kuma ajiyar sarkar sanyi idan zai yiwu.

Akwai bayanan dakin gwaje-gwaje da nassoshi da aka buga game da Santiam?

Eh. Manyan bayanai sun haɗa da sanarwar fitar da USDA, wallafe-wallafen tashoshin gwaji masu haɗin gwiwa, bayanan Alfred Haunold kan sabbin nau'ikan hop, da shigarwar bayanai na masu samar da bayanai/hop (HopUnion, BeerMaverick, BeerLegends) waɗanda ke tattara sinadarai, rarraba mai, da bayanan yawan amfanin ƙasa.

Me yasa Santiam bai ƙara amfani da shi ba duk da kyawawan halaye?

Ƙayyadadden amfani da Santiam ya samo asali ne daga yanayin kasuwa maimakon rashin ingancin yin giya. Abubuwan da suka haɗa da ƙarancin tallatawa, rinjayen nau'ikan zamani masu daraja (Citra, Mosaic), da rashin abubuwan da aka samo daga cryo/lupulin. Duk da haka, masu yin giya da ke neman ƙamshi mai ƙarfi suna ganin Santiam yana da daraja.

Karin Karatu

Idan kuna jin daɗin wannan sakon, kuna iya kuma son waɗannan shawarwari:

• Hops in Beer Brewing: Riwaka
• Hops a cikin Giya Brewing: Eastern Gold
• Hops a Biya Brewing: Southern Brewer