Ama-Hops ku-Beer Brewing: Santiam

Ukusondelana kwamakhoni amasha e-Santiam hop etafuleni lokhuni lasemaphandleni elinamahlamvu aluhlaza nezimbali eziphuzi, kukhanyiswa ilanga nepulazi le-hop elifiphele kanye nesibhakabhaka esiluhlaza ngemuva.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

I-Santiam hop inezithelo ezinhle kakhulu ezinopelepele omnyama othambile kanye nezimpawu zezinongo. Ihamba phambili ekufakweni kwe-late-boil, ama-whirlpool hops, kanye ne-dry hopping. Iphrofayili yayo yamafutha, ecebile nge-myrcene, i-humulene, i-caryophyllene, kanye ne-farnesene, ifana ne-Tettnanger, okwenza kube inketho yesitayela saseYurophu ekhuliswa emagcekeni e-hop e-Santiam USA.

Okuthathwayo Okubalulekile

• Ama-Santiam hops ayinhlobo yephunga laseMelika elakhishwa ngo-1997, elisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuqedeni nasekungezeni i-dry-hop.
• I-Santiam hop inikeza amaphunga athambile, amakhambi, nezimbali anezithelo ezinambithekayo nezinongo.
• Kungcono kakhulu ukuyifaka ngasekupheleni kokubilisa, ku-whirlpool, noma njenge-dry hop ukuze kulondolozwe amafutha aguquguqukayo.
• Ubhiya be-Santiam bufanela i-APA, i-IPA, kanye nama-lagers aseYurophu adinga iphunga elimnandi elifana nelihle.
• Ukwakheka kwamafutha kanye nezici zokugcina kwenza iSantiam ifane kakhulu nama-hops esitayela seTettnanger ezindleleni eziningi zokupheka.

Imvelaphi kanye nokuzaliswa kwama-hops e-Santiam

Ama-hop aseSantiam athuthukiswa ukuze ahlangabezane nezimo eziyingqayizivele zasePacific Northwest. Lo mzamo waqala ngasekupheleni kwawo-1980 e-Oregon State University kanye noMnyango Wezolimo wase-US. Umgomo kwakuwukudala i-aromahop yesitayela saseYurophu. Kwenziwa izivivinyo zasensimini ukuze kulungiswe ukukhethwa, kugxilwe ephunga elizinzile kanye nezici zezolimo.

• Ukuthuthukiswa eCorvallis, e-OregonECorvallis, umzamo wokubambisana phakathi kwezemfundo kanye ne-USDA-ARS wawuqhubeka. Abacwaningi e-Oregon State kanye ne-USDA-ARS benze izivivinyo eziningi. Lezi zivivinyo zazihlose ukuhlola iphunga, isivuno, kanye nokumelana nezifo. Ukugxila kwakuwukufinyelela amaphrofayili kawoyela ahambisanayo kubapheki bebhiya.
• Izinhlobo zomzali Inqubo yokuzalanisa yayihilela iSwiss Tettnanger kanye neGerman Hallertauer Mittelfrüher njengabazali abayinhloko. Uhlobo lwase-US, oluvela kuCascade,
• Umlando wokukhishwa kanye nokubandakanyeka kwe-USDAUkukhishwa ngokusemthethweni kwe-USDA kwama-hop e-Santiam kwaphawula ukuphela kweminyaka ecishe ibe yishumi yokuzalela. Inqubo yaqala ngo-1988, kwaziswa umphakathi ngemuva kokubhaliswa kokugcina. I-USDA yasebenzisana ne-Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station kanye neziteshi eWashington nase-Idaho. Imibiko esemthethweni ichaza kabanzi ngokuhlanganiswa kwamafutha ne-asidi kwabalimi kanye nabenzi bobhiya.

Ukusondelana kwama-Santiam hop cones aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka alenga ezivinini ezisontekile ensimini ye-hop, anezinsika, umhlaba onsundu, isibhakabhaka esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, namagquma akude agudlayo ngemuva.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Ama-hops kaSantiam

I-Santiam ivelele phakathi kwama-aroma hop afuywe eMelika, aziwa ngobuntu bawo baseYurophu kanye nezici zayo ezingokoqobo zasensimini. Yafuywa ukuze inikeze abapheki bebhiya iphunga elimnandi nelihle. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inikeza abalimi i-agronomy ezwakalayo kulo lonke elasePacific Northwest. Umlando wohlobo lwesitshalo kanye nokusebenza kwaso ensimini kuthonya indlela abapheki bebhiya kanye nabalimi abasisebenzisa ngayo ezindleleni zokupheka zesimanje.

Izakhi zofuzo ze-Triploid kanye nama-cone acishe angabi nembewu

Njenge-triploid, iSantiam ikhiqiza kakhulu ama-cone acishe angabi nembewu, ngisho noma kukhona impova yesilisa. Lokhu kwakheka kwezakhi zofuzo kunciphisa ukwakheka kwembewu okusebenzayo. Kuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yama-cone kubapheki bebhiya futhi kunciphisa ingozi yamaphutha kabhiya afakwe imbewu. Isimo se-triploid siqinisekisa nephunga elihambisanayo kanye nekhwalithi yokubonakala kuma-hops avuniwe.

Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo nezindawo ezikhula eNyakatho-ntshonalanga yePacific

Izivivinyo e-Oregon naseWashington zibonise ukuzivumelanisa kahle kukaSantiam nezimo ezivamile ze-PNW. Ibonisa amandla aphakathi kuya kwaphezulu, ukuvuthwa kwaphakathi nesizini, kanye nesivuno esithembekile. Abalimi kwezinye izivivinyo zangaphandle babike isivuno esifinyelela cishe ku-2,400 kg/ha. Lokhu kwenza iSantiam ibe ukukhetha okusebenzayo kulabo abafuna iphunga lesitayela saseYurophu elinokusebenza okuqinile ensimini.

Amagama ahlukile nekhodi (i-SNT)

• Ikhodi ye-SNT hop iyisihlonzi esijwayelekile kumakhathalogi amaningi kanye nemibiko yesilingo.
• Abalimi kanye nabenzi bobhiya bavame ukuchaza iSantiam njenge-Tettnanger noma i-aromahop yaseMelika yohlobo lwaseYurophu.
• Ukusetshenziswa kwekhodi ye-SNT hop kwenza kube lula uku-oda, ukulandelela ukuhlolwa, kanye nokugcinwa kwamarekhodi elebhu okuthengwa nokucwaninga.

Izakhi zofuzo zeSantiam, i-triploid Santiam, ikhodi ye-SNT hop, kanye nokuzivumelanisa ne-Santiam kukhulunywa ngakho kumanothi abalimi kanye nemininingwane yefektri yobhiya. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuxhumana okucacile kulo lonke uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka. Ukuhlanganiswa kokuzalanisa, ukuziphatha kwensimu, kanye nokulebula kwenza i-hop ibe yinto ebalulekile phakathi kwabapheki bobhiya bezandla. Bafuna iphrofayili enhle ecashile enobuchwepheshe bezolimo obuthembekile.

Ukusondelana kwama-Santiam hop cones ambozwe ngamazolo ekukhanyeni kwasekuseni okufudumele kanye nemishini yokupheka yasemaphandleni kanye namagquma agudlayo afiphele kancane ngemuva.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Ukunambitheka kanye nephunga elimnandi kuwusizo kubapheki bebhiya

I-Santiam inikeza inhlanganisela ethambile yamanothi athambile ezitshalo nezimbali, ekhanga abenzi bobhiya abazisa ubumnandi. Ukunambitheka kwayo kukhumbuza ama-hops amahle, okwenza kube kuhle kuma-lager alula nama-ales avinjelwe. Abenzi bobhiya bavame ukukhetha ukwengeza okuphuzile ukuze balondoloze lezi zimfanelo ezithambile.

Imibono eyinhloko ihlanganisa ukuphakanyiswa kwezimbali okuthambile kanye nemibala yamakhambi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Iphunga likaSantiam liqukethe amanothi aphezulu ezithelo, okukhumbuza amapheya, ama-citrus akhanyayo, noma amaconsi ezithelo zamatshe. Lezi zimpawu zezithelo zivela kumafutha ashintshashintshayo njenge-myrcene.

Izakhi zepelepele nezinongo zengeza ubunzima ngaphandle kokwenza isisekelo sibe namandla kakhulu. Uhlamvu lwezithelo ze-Santiam olunongwe ngezimbali lubonakala njengopelepele omnyama noma isinongo esifudumele, esihlotshaniswa ne-caryophyllene kanye nama-sesquiterpenes athile. Izilinganiso ezincane ze-whirlpool noma ama-dry hops alinganisiwe agcizelela lesi sinongo, anikeze umehluko omnandi.

Ukuhunyushwa kwala mafutha abe ubhiya oqediwe kuncike esikhathini kanye nesitayela. Ukwengezwa kokubilisa kusenesikhathi kukhulisa kakhulu ukubaba futhi kulahlekelwa ama-aromatics amaningi. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-late-kettle, i-whirlpool, kanye ne-dry-hop, nokho, kugcina iphunga likaSantiam kanye nama-herbal athambile. Kuma-IPA nama-APA, kusebenza kahle njenge-hop ehlobisayo, ebekwe ngaphansi kwezinhlobo ezikhanyayo, ezithela izithelo.

• Sebenzisa izengezo ezifike sekwephuzile ukuze ulondoloze amanothi aphezulu anezimbali nezithelo.
• Khetha izindlela zokupheka ezikhanyayo ukuze ubonise uhlamvu oluthambile lwezitshalo.
• Hlanganisa nama-hops anezithelo eziningi uma ufuna iphrofayili enuka kamnandi.

Ukusondelana kwamakhoni e-Santiam hop ambozwe ngamazolo endaweni yokhuni yasemaphandleni eceleni kwengilazi encane kabhiya wegolide, enesizinda sendawo yokuphuza utshwala esifiphele kancane.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Ukusetshenziswa kokwenza ubhiya kanye nesikhathi sokwengeza

I-Santiam isetshenziswa kangcono ukuthuthukisa iphunga, hhayi ukwengeza ukubaba. Ithandwa kakhulu abenzi bobhiya abafuna ukuthinta okuthambile kwezitshalo nezimbali. Bayifaka kamuva emathunjini, ngesikhathi sokuphumula kwe-whirlpool, noma njenge-dry-hop. Le ndlela igcina amafutha aguquguqukayo njenge-myrcene, i-humulene, ne-farnesene, okubonisa ubuntu obuhle be-hop.

Ukuze uthole iphunga elimnandi, iSantiam ifakwa ngamanani amancane kamuva lapho ibila (imizuzu emi-5-10), noma ku-whirlpool epholile ku-170-180°F. Iphinde isetshenziswe njenge-dry-hop ngesikhathi sokubilisa noma sokulungisa. Yisebenzise kancane, ikakhulukazi uma ihlanganiswe nama-hop aseMelika anamafutha amaningi, ukuze uthole ungqimba lwezimbali oluthambile. Uma ihlanganiswa nama-hop aqala ukuthela izithelo, iSantiam ithuthukisa i-midnote ngaphandle kokwenza isithelo sibe namandla kakhulu.

Izitayela zikabhiya ezinconywayo zifaka phakathi i-American Pale Ale kanye ne-India Pale Ale, lapho i-Santiam ifaka khona umehluko othambile wezimbali zamakhambi. Ifaneleka futhi kwi-American Blonde Ale, i-American Lager, i-Pilsner, i-Kölsch, i-Bock, kanye ne-Helles. Kuma-lagers kanye nama-pilsners, ukwengeza okulula kunikeza ukuphakama okuncane ngenkathi kugcinwa iphrofayili ye-malt ehlanzekile.

• Ku-APA/IPA: hlanganisa iSantiam neCitra noma iMosaic ukuze wengeze ukujula kwezitshalo ngemuva kwezithelo ezikhanyayo.
• Kuma-lager nama-pilsner: khetha imvubelo ye-lager ehlanzekile njenge-Wyeast 2001 noma i-White Labs WLP830 bese usebenzisa ama-Pils malts angathathi hlangothi ukuze uvumele iphunga likaSantiam livele.
• Ngezitayela ze-Kölsch neze-Blonde: i-whirlpool ethobekile kanye nokuxhumana okufushane kwe-dry-hop kukhiqiza amanothi ezimbali athambile.

Ukulinganisela kubalulekile ngama-alpha acid aphakathi kaSantiam. Gcina i-malt bill ilula futhi ingathathi hlangothi ukuze ugweme ukumboza izici zezimbali. Gwema okusanhlamvu okukhethekile okunamandla lapho uhlose ukulondoloza iphunga. Khetha izinhlobo zemvubelo ezivundayo zihlanzekile futhi unciphise ama-ester ukuze ugcine uhlamvu lwe-hop luhlukile.

Uma uhlela ukwenza i-Santiam brewing, cabanga ukuthi iyi-aroma hop esekelayo. Izengezo ezincane, ezifike ngesikhathi esifanele zinikeza ubunzima kanye nephrofayili enhle ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukunambitheka okuyisisekelo kwebhiya.

Umqeqeshi webhiya ulinganisa uSantiam egxuma eceleni kwekettle elishisayo kanye nengilazi kabhiya ophuzi etafuleni lokhuni lasemaphandleni.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Iphrofayili yekhemikhali namanani okuphisa

I-Santiam ine-asidi elinganiselayo kanye nephrofayili yamafutha, efanelekile ekuthuthukiseni amaphunga. Abapheki bebhiya basebenzisa lokhu kwakheka kwamakhemikhali ukuze babangele ukubaba okunembile, ukukhulisa iphunga, kanye nokubikezela ukuguga. Idatha engezansi imelela ububanzi obujwayelekile kusukela emibikweni ehlukahlukene yezitshalo kanye nokuhlaziywa kwelebhu.

Ama-Alpha acid ku-Santiam ngokuvamile asukela ku-5.0% kuya ku-8.5%, isilinganiso esicishe sibe ngu-6.8%. Ukwengezwa kwama-billium e-Santiam kusenesikhathi kunikeza ukubaba okuncane, okuhambisana ne-malt ngaphandle kokuyinqoba. Lokhu kubaba okuncane kwenza kube yinto eguquguqukayo yokwengeza okuncane ekuphekeni okunezinhloso ezimbili.

• Indima ye-Alpha acid: okubangela ukubaba okubangelwa yi-isomerized ngesikhathi sokubilisa.
• Ububanzi be-alpha obujwayelekile: 5.0–8.5% (isilinganiso ~6.8%).

Ama-asidi e-Beta ku-Santiam aqala ku-5.3% kuya ku-8.5%, isilinganiso esingaba ngu-6.9%. Ngokungafani nama-asidi e-alpha, ama-asidi e-beta awayi-isomer ukuze adale ukubaba. Esikhundleni salokho, anegalelo ku-matrix ye-hop resin futhi angavundisa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ethonya iphunga elidala likabhiya.

• Indlela yokuvundisa: Ama-asidi e-Santiam beta angakha amaphunga aphezulu njengoba ubhiya ukhula.
• Ibanga elijwayelekile le-beta: ~5.3–8.5% (isilinganiso esiseduze no-6.9%).

Amazinga e-co-humulone eSantiam avame ukwehla phakathi kuka-18% no-24%, okulinganiselwa ku-21%. Lokhu kubeka iSantiam esigabeni se-cohumulone esimaphakathi. Amazinga aphezulu e-co-humulone angadala ukubaba okukhulu, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwephunga le-hop kunciphisa lo mphumela ezindleleni zokupheka eziningi.

• Umthelela we-co-humulone: umthelela omncane obabayo uma usetshenziswa ekubabayo kwasekuqaleni.
• I-co-humulone ejwayelekile: 18–24% (isilinganiso ~21%).

Izilinganiso ze-Alpha:beta ze-Santiam zingasukela cishe ku-1:1 kuya ku-2:1, zithonywe yisizini kanye ne-lot. Amanani e-Hop Storage Index angu-0.40–0.50 abonisa ukulahleka okungenzeka kwe-asidi namafutha ekushiseni kwegumbi. Ukugcinwa okufanele okubandayo, okungenawo umoya-mpilo ophansi kubalulekile ekulondolozweni kwama-alpha nama-beta acid e-Santiam, ukuqinisekisa impilo engcono yeshelufu kanye nokusebenza kahle kokubilisa njalo.

Uma uhlela izindlela zokupheka, kubalulekile ukuthembela ezibalweni ezijwayelekile bese ulungisa ngokusekelwe ekuhlolweni kweqembu. Ukuqapha i-Santiam cohumulone kanye nama-alpha nama-beta acid kusiza ukubikezela ukuqonda ukubaba kanye nokuguquka kwephunga ngesikhathi sokuguga.

Ama-Santiam hop cones asanda kuvunwa ahlelwe etafuleni lokhuni lasemaphandleni elinamahlamvu aluhlaza kanye ne-burlap ngaphansi kokukhanya kwemvelo okufudumele.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Amafutha abalulekile kanye nabashayeli bezinzwa

Ama-hops aseSantiam ayinhlanganisela yamakhemikhali abalulekile athonya iphunga nokunambitheka kukabhiya. Abapheki bebhiya bahlola amafutha abalulekile aseSantiam ukuze baqonde ukuthi izithako eziguquguqukayo nezizinzile zidala kanjani amanothi ezimbali, amnandi, kanye nezithelo. Basebenzisa amasu asebenzayo ngesikhathi sokubilisa, i-whirlpool, kanye ne-dry-hop ukuze balondoloze lezi zici.

I-Myrcene ivame ukuba uwoyela oshintshashintshayo kakhulu ezingxubeni ze-Santiam myrcene humulene. Ukuba khona kwayo kuvame ukuba cishe ku-20-30%. Lowoyela unikeza amanothi aphezulu e-citrus, resin, kanye ne-fruit. Ukuze kutholakale lokhu kuthela, ama-hops kufanele afakwe sekwephuzile e-kettle noma ngesikhathi se-whirlpool kanye ne-dry-hopping.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iHumulene ayishintshi kakhulu futhi ineza imibala efana nokhuni, enhle, kanye neyamakhambi. Ngokuvamile yakha cishe maphakathi nawo-20s weSantiam. Lokhu kuba khona okuzinzile kunikeza uphawu lwezimbali-lwamakhambi olujwayelekile lwamafutha ephunga likaSantiam. Ukuze bagcine i-humulene, abenzi bokwenza utshwala kufanele basebenzise izikhathi zokubilisa ezimfushane kanye namazinga okushisa aphakathi e-whirlpool, bavikele ama-terpenes athambile.

I-Caryophyllene kanye ne-farnesene zinegalelo ekujuleni kwezimbali ezibabayo neziluhlaza okotshani. I-Caryophyllene, etholakala cishe ku-5–8%, inikeza izitayela ezifana ne-pepper kanye ne-wood. I-Farnesene, etholakala ebangeni eliphansi, yengeza ubuciko bezimbali ezintsha neziluhlaza okotshani. Ukuba khona kwazo kuthuthukisa i-hop bouquet futhi kuthuthukisa iphunga likabhiya.

• Ukwengezwa kwezithelo sekwephuzile kanye ne-whirlpool: gcina izithelo eziqhutshwa yi-myrcene kanye ne-humulene ethile.
• I-Dry-hop: sebenzisa amafutha e-Santiam anuka kahle azwela ukushisa, ikakhulukazi i-myrcene.
• Amathumba amade okuqala: akhipha ubumuncu kodwa akhipha ama-aromatics athambile avela ku-Santiam.

Isilinganiso se-humulene-caryophyllene ku-Santiam sihambisana nobuntu be-noble hop, obuhle kakhulu kumaphunga esitayela saseYurophu. Ukulungiswa okuncane kwesikhathi kanye nokushisa kungashintsha kakhulu amanothi ebhiya e-citrus, ezimbali, ashisayo, noma epelepele. Ukusetshenziswa ngokucophelela kwamafutha abalulekile e-Santiam kuthuthukisa umuzwa wokugcina ngaphandle kokunambitheka okukhulu kwe-malt kanye nemvubelo.

Izici ze-hop ezingokoqobo kanye nokutshalwa kwazo

I-Santiam ibonisa izici ezihambisanayo zasensimini ezibalulekile kubalimi nakubakhi bobhiya. Ukuqaphela ngesimo sekhoni, umkhuba wokukhula, isikhathi sonyaka, kanye nokusebenza kahle kokuvuna kuqondisa ukutshala nokucubungula. Lokhu kuqonda kutholakala emibikweni yesilingo kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kwabalimi.

Ifomu lekhoni kanye nobuningi

Ama-Santiam cones ngokuvamile mancane kuya kwaphakathi ngobukhulu. Anobukhulu obukhululekile, abonakala evulekile futhi ezwakala elula. Lesi sici singenza kube nzima ukuphatha ngomshini ngesikhathi sokuvuna nokucubungula.

Amabanga okukhiqiza ensimini

• Izivivinyo zivame ukubika isivuno sikaSantiam esiphakathi kuka-1,430 no-1,780 kg/ha (1,280–1,580 lb/acre).
• Ezinye izivivinyo zibonisa ukuthi isivuno sifinyelela cishe ku-2,400 kg/ha (cishe u-2,000 lb/acre), sidlula amazinga e-Tettnanger.

Amandla kanye nezinga lokukhula

ENyakatho-ntshonalanga yePacific, izitshalo zaseSantiam zibonisa amandla okutshala aphakathi kuya kwaphezulu. Zikhula ngokushesha entwasahlobo, zakha uphahla oluqinile. La mandla asekela ukumbozwa okugcwele kwe-trellis kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamakhowe okuqhubekayo phakathi nesizini.

Ukuvuthwa kwesizini kanye nesikhathi

I-Santiam ivuthwa maphakathi nesizini, ihambisana nezinhlobo eziningi zephunga. E-US Pacific Northwest, ukuvunwa kwe-aromahop kuvame ukuqala maphakathi kuya ekupheleni kuka-Agasti. Abalimi kumele baqaphele umuzwa we-cone kanye ne-HSI ukuze bakhethe lapho iphunga nokugcinwa kwamafutha kuphezulu.

Izinto okufanele uzicabangele ngokuvuna

• Ubuningi bekhoni obuxegayo buyenza kube nzima ukuvuna ngomshini; ukuhlanganisa ngokucophelela nokuphatha ngobumnene kunciphisa umonakalo wekhoni.
• Lungisa amapharamitha okuhlunga nokomisa ukuze kulondolozwe uwoyela oshintshashintshayo futhi kuncishiswe ukulahleka ngesikhathi sokucubungula.

Ukuhlela okuphumelelayo kokutshala i-Santiam kumele kucabangele ukwakheka kwe-cone, isikhathi sonyaka, kanye nezinga lesivuno. Lezi zici zithonya abasebenzi, imishini, kanye nokuphathwa kwangemva kokuvunwa ukuze kuvikelwe iphunga kanye nekhwalithi.

Izinselele zokumelana nezifo kanye nokulima

I-Santiam iveza isimo esiyinkimbinkimbi kubalimi, kokubili izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi. Imibiko iqokomisa ukumelana kwayo okuqinile nezifo ngokumelene ne-downy mildew. Lesi sici sinciphisa kakhulu ukulahleka kwezitshalo emithonjeni emanzi futhi sinciphisa isidingo sokufafaza njalo emapulazini amaningi.

Kodwa-ke, abalimi kumele bahlale beqaphile ngokumelene nomkhuhlane ompunga ngezikhathi ezomile nezifudumele. Ukumelana nomkhuhlane eSantiam akuhambisani kuzo zonke izindawo, kanti abanye bazwela ngaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu yesikhunta. Ukuhlola ngokushesha kanye nokusetshenziswa kwesikhunta ngesikhathi kubalulekile ukugcina impilo yophahla nokugcina ikhwalithi yekhoni.

Ukuvuna iSantiam kunezinselelo zayo. Ama-cone avame ukukhululeka, okwenza kube lula ukuthi angonakaliswa yimishini yokuvuna. Abalimi ngokuvamile babheka ubunzima bokuvuna bukaSantiam njengobuphakathi kuya kobukhulu. Bakhuthaza ukuphathwa ngobumnene nokulungisa izilungiselelo zemishini yokuvuna ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahleka nokulinyazwa.

• Gada isimo sezulu esincane sekhava ukuze wehlise ingozi yesikhunta esinothuli.
• Lungisa isivinini sokuvuna kanye namabhande okuthatha ukuze uvikele amakhoni abuthakathaka.
• Hlela isikhathi sokuvuna ukuze ugweme izimo ezimanzi kakhulu noma ezinothuli.

Ukusebenza kwesitoreji seSantiam kuwela ebangeni eliphakathi. Amanani ayo e-HSI, acishe abe ngu-0.4–0.5, abonisa ukuthi igcinwa kahle. Ukuhlolwa kwembula ukuthi igcinwa cishe ngo-40–50% we-alpha-acid ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ku-68°F (20°C). Ngakho-ke, ukugcinwa ebanda kanye nokunciphisa umoya-mpilo kungathuthukisa iphunga kanye nokuqina kokubaba.

Izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zibalulekile ukuze kulondolozwe ikhwalithi. Ukupholisa okusheshayo ngemva kokuvuna, ukupakishwa okuvalwe nge-vacuum, kanye nokugcina efrijini ezindaweni zokugcina izinto kubalulekile. Lezi zinyathelo zisiza ekwandiseni impilo engasetshenziswa futhi zivikele amafutha e-hop achaza iphrofayili yephunga likaSantiam.

Ukuqhathanisa kanye nokushintshana okufanele

I-Santiam isebenza njengendawo ethembekile ekhuliswe eMelika esikhundleni sama-hops amaningana anesitayela esihle. Ithandwa kakhulu abenzi bobhiya abafuna amanothi ezimbali, amakhambi, kanye nezinongo ezincane. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi lapho izinhlobo zaseYurophu zintuleka.

Ezinye izindlela ezivamile zokuthatha indawo yeSantiam zifaka phakathi iTettnanger, iSpalt, iSpalter Select, iHallertau, kanye neLiberty. Lawa ma-hops anikeza iphrofayili ethambile, efana nenhle efunwa yizindlela zokupheka eziningi. Khetha indawo yeTettnanger uma ufisa uhlobo lwe-herbal nezimbali oluthambile olufana nolwendabuko lwaseJalimane.

Nasi umhlahlandlela wokushintshana ngama-hops:

• Uma ungeza ubhiya sekwephuzile futhi uphuza i-dry hopping, beka phambili ukunambitheka kanye nephunga. Izici ezithambile zezitshalo nezimbali ziyisihluthulelo sephunga likabhiya, ngaphezu kwamanani aqondile e-alpha.
• Ukuze uthole okunye okubabayo, qhathanisa iphesenti le-alpha-acid bese ubala kabusha inani. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukubaba kuhlala kulinganisela.
• Uma udinga ukutholakala kwesivuno esikhulu noma isivuno ngenkathi ugcina iphrofayili yaseYurophu, iSantiam ingathatha indawo yama-aroma hop aseJalimane ezindleleni zokupheka eziningi. Igcina uhlamvu oluhlosiwe.

Abanye abenzi bobhiya bakhetha i-Citra noma ezinye izinhlobo zezithelo ezithengiswayo njengezinye izindlela ezitholakala ezimweni ezithile. Khetha i-Citra ukuze uthole ama-citrus avelele kanye nama-tropical notes aphezulu, kunokuba ukhethe izinongo ezinhle kakhulu. Lokhu kukhetha kushintsha indlela enuka ngayo ubhiya, ngakho lungisa ukukhetha kwe-malt kanye nemvubelo ngokufanele.

Uma uqhathanisa ukuhambisana kokunambitheka nokuhambisana kwe-alpha-acid, cabanga ngendima yokwengeza. Ukwengeza okugxile ku-aroma kuyazuza ngokubeka phambili ukuhambisana kwezinzwa. Ukwengeza okubabayo kudinga ukuhambisana kwe-alpha kanye nezibalo ezinembile. Sebenzisa ezinye izindlela ze-Santiam ngokucophelela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ubhiya wokugcina ugcina ibhalansi nephunga lawo elihlosiwe.

Izibonelo zeresiphi ezisebenzayo ezibonisa uSantiam

I-Santiam isetshenziswa kangcono njenge-aromahop. Ngezansi, uzothola imidwebo ye-American pale ale kanye ne-light lager noma i-pilsner. Kukhona futhi nesiqondiso mayelana nokwengezwa kwe-whirlpool kanye ne-dry-hop. Kala zonke izisindo ngosayizi wakho we-batch bese ulungisa izinombolo ze-crop alpha kanye ne-total oil.

Uhlaka lwe-American Pale Ale (okuhlosiwe kwe-OG ~1.050, FG ~1.010):

• I-grain bill: Isisekelo semigqa emibili sase-US, i-crystal engu-5–8% engu-5–10L yombala kanye ne-caramel elula.
• Imvubelo: Chico/US-05 noma Wyeast 1056 ukuze uthole iphrofayili ehlanzekile ye-ester.
• Okubabayo: ukugxuma okusheshayo kwe-high-alpha kusenesikhathi ukuze kufinyelelwe ama-IBU aqondiwe.
• Ikettle sekwephuzile: engeza uSantiam ngemizuzu eyi-10-15, kuphakanyiswa u-0.5-1.0 oz/gal (lungisa nge-alpha).
• I-Whirlpool: imizuzu engama-30-60 ku-170-185°F kanye ne-0.5-1.0 oz/gal ye-Santiam yokuphakamisa izimbali.
• I-Dry-hop: 0.5 oz/gal izinsuku ezingu-3-7 ukukhombisa amanothi ezitshalo nezimbali.

Iphrofayili ye-Light lager / Pilsner:

• Ibhili lokusanhlamvu: I-Pilsner malt ene-malts ekhethekile encane yokugcina ukukhanya.
• Imvubelo: uhlobo lwe-lager oluhlanzekile olune-ester ephansi kanye ne-lager efanele.
• Ukwengeza sekwephuzile: sebenzisa iSantiam ku-whirlpool noma i-kettle sekwephuzile kakhulu ku-0.25–0.5 oz/gal ukuze wengeze i-lift yezimbali efana ne-noble ngaphandle kokufihla i-malt.
• Ngemva kokubilisa: cabanga ngokungeza iphunga elomile elifushane ngesilinganiso esincane (0.25–0.5 oz/gal) ngemva kokuphuza iphunga elimnandi.

Isiqondiso somthamo we-Dry-hop kanye ne-whirlpool:

• Kwabaningi ama-ales sebenzisa u-0.5–1.0 oz/gal ku-whirlpool noma i-dry hop ukuze uthole iphunga elizwakalayo. Lesi siqondiso sihlanganisa izindlela zokupheka ezivamile ze-Santiam futhi silinganisela ukuqina nokunambitheka okumnandi.
• Ukuze uthole izitayela ezilula, yehlisa ku-0.25–0.5 oz/gal ukuze ugweme ukubamba i-malt kanye ne-yeast.
• Lungisa ngokusekelwe kusayizi we-batch, ubukhali obufunwayo, kanye namazinga e-alpha noma kawoyela alinganisiwe avela kumhlinzeki wakho.

Amanothi awusizo obuchwepheshe:

• Beka phambili ukungezwa kwezitshalo sekwephuzile. Amafutha kaSantiam ayashesha ukubola futhi ukuhlangana kwawo isikhathi eside nokushisa kuzonciphisa ukuthela izithelo kanye nokwakheka kwezimbali ezithambile.
• Uma upheka nge-whirlpool, hlala imizuzu engama-30-60 ku-170-185°F ukuze ukhiphe iphunga ngaphandle kokususa ama-volatiles.
• Qopha amazinga akho e-Santiam dry hop kanye nemiphumela ukuze ukwazi ukuthuthukisa izinketho zeresiphi ze-Santiam APA zesikhathi esizayo futhi uhambisane nokulindelwe kwephunga.

Ukutholakala, ukuthenga kanye namafomethi

Ukuqinisekisa i-Santiam ngebhiya yakho kuhilela ukuhlola okusheshayo kwabaphakeli, amafomethi, kanye nonyaka wokuvuna. Abathengisi banikeza ama-cone nama-pellet aphelele, amazinga esitokwe eshintshashintsha ngokwezinkathi zonyaka. Njalo qinisekisa usuku lokupakisha kanye nezimo zokugcina ngaphambi kokufaka i-oda lakho.

Uma ufuna ukuthi ungathenga kuphi, cabanga ngama-hop farms esifunda, abasabalalisi abasunguliwe, kanye namapulatifomu amakhulu aku-inthanethi. Qhathanisa amanani namafomethi ngokuhlola uhlu oluvela kuma-hop farms, abahlinzeki bokwenza ubhiya, kanye ne-Amazon e-USA. Beka phambili abathengisi abasho ngokucacile unyaka wokuvuna futhi basebenzise ukupakisha okuvalwe nge-vacuum lapho bethenga ama-Santiam hops.

Ukusha kubalulekile ekugcineni iphunga nokunambitheka. Khetha ama-hops onyaka wokuvuna wamanje ukuze uthole amandla aphezulu kawoyela. Qinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo ufakwe i-pellet noma ugcwele i-cone, uvalwe nge-vacuum, futhi uthunyelwa ngokuphathwa kwe-cold chain uma kutholakala. Buyekeza uhla lwe-alpha kanye nezinsuku zokupakisha ezivela kubahlinzeki ukuze zivumelane nezidingo zakho zeresiphi.

Amafomethi atholakalayo alula. Ama-cone aphelele alungele ukugxuma kancane kancane, okugcina ubuqotho be-cone. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Santiam ene-Pelletized inikeza umthamo oqhubekayo kanye nokugcinwa okulula, okuthandwa kakhulu ngabapheki abaningi. Okwamanje, azikho izimpushana ze-cryogenic lupulin ezitholakalayo kulolu hlobo.

• Izindawo zokuthenga ezivamile: amapulazi e-hop, abasabalalisi be-craft hop, izimakethe eziku-inthanethi njenge-Amazon (USA).
• Amafomethi: ama-cone aphelele kanye nama-hops afakwe i-pellet; ukwakheka kwe-pellet kuvame ukuthandwa ukuze kugcinwe futhi kuhambisane kahle.
• Ukuhlolwa kokusha: unyaka wokuvuna, usuku lokupakisha, ukuvalwa kwe-vacuum, ukuthunyelwa kwe-cold chain.

Amanothi emakethe asikisela ukuthi ukutholakala kweSantiam kungahluka ngokwesizini kanye nomthengisi. Ukuze uthole amaqoqo ezentengiselwano noma ukukhishwa okulinganiselwe, xhumana nabahlinzeki beSantiam kusenesikhathi ukuze uthole inani bese uqinisekisa unyaka wokuvuna. Abathandi bokuzilibazisa bangathola ngokushesha amaphakethe amancane kubathengisi abadumile.

Ukugcina kanye nokuphila kweshelufu kokulondoloza iphunga

Ukuphathwa ngendlela efanele kuyisihluthulelo sokugcina i-hop isesimweni sayo somsebenzi we-late-billing kanye ne-dry-hop. Izinqumo ngokugcinwa kwe-Santiam zithinta kokubili ukubaba kanye nephunga. Ukwehluka okuncane ekushiseni nasekuchayweni yi-oxygen kungashintsha kakhulu ukusebenza, okungaphezu kwalokho abapheki bebhiya abakulindele.

Isikhathi sokuphila kweSantiam eshalofini ekamelweni lokushisa sifushane. Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi iSantiam igcina cishe u-40-50% wama-alpha acid ayo ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ku-68°F (20°C). Leli zinga lokulahlekelwa lisho ukuthi ama-hops amadala, angafakwanga esiqandisini azoba namandla amancane okubaba kanye nephunga elithulile uma esetshenziselwa ukwengeza i-whirlpool noma i-dry-hop.

Ukwamukela imikhuba emihle kakhulu kunganciphisa ukuwohloka futhi kuvikele amafutha abalulekile. Ukugcina okubandayo esiqandisini noma efrijini kuyisinyathelo esiphumelela kakhulu. Sebenzisa izikhwama ezivalwe nge-vacuum noma ukupakishwa okuhlanjululwe nge-nitrogen ukuze unciphise ukuthintana nomoya-mpilo futhi wandise isikhathi sokuphila.

• Amaphakheji avaliwe nge-vacuum noma ahlanjululwe nge-nitrogen anciphisa ukungcoliswa.
• Indawo yokugcina ifriji igcina amafutha e-hop nama-alpha acid izinyanga kuya eminyakeni.
• Nciphisa ukukhanya nokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa ngesikhathi sokuthutha nokuphatha.

Amanani okugcina e-Santiam HSI ngokuvamile asukela ku-0.4–0.5. Lolu hlu lubonisa ukuwohloka kwamafutha ne-asidi okulinganiselwe ngaphandle kokuthi ama-hops agcinwa ebanda futhi engenawo umoya-mpilo. Landelela i-HSI kanye nonyaka wesivuno kuqoqo ngalinye ukuze wenze ukukhetha okunolwazi ngeresiphi.

Ukuhlela iresiphi okusebenzayo kumele kubhekele ubudala be-hop kanye ne-HSI. Ama-Santiam cones amadala ane-HSI ephezulu avame ukudinga ukungezwa okukhulu kwe-late ukuze kube nomthelela wephunga noma angashintshwa abe yizindima ezibabayo. Bhukha i-Santiam yonyaka wamanje ukuze uthole umsebenzi othambile we-late-billing kanye ne-dry-hop ukuze kulondolozwe amanothi ezimbali namakhambi.

Uma uthenga, qinisekisa imvelaphi bese ubuza ngezimo zokugcina. Ukubhala ilebula elinembile lonyaka wokuvuna kanye ne-HSI kusiza ukubikezela isikhathi esisele sokuphelelwa yisikhathi nokulungisa inani le-hop ukuze kube nohlobo lobhiya oluhambisanayo.

I-Santiam isendleleni yokwenza ubhiya kanye nezindlela zobuciko kwezentengiselwano

I-Santiam igcina isisekelo sayo ngokuthula ekwenzeni ubhiya baseMelika. Ikhethwe ngenxa yenothi layo elithambile lezimbali, elihambisana nezisekelo ze-hop-forward ngaphandle kokuzinqoba. Amafutha ayo alinganiselayo afanele izitayela lapho ubuciko bubalulekile khona.

Ekwenzeni ubhiya ngezinto zobuciko, iSantiam ivame ukusetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa iphunga lama-APA nama-IPA. Ixutshwe nama-hops aqinile ukuze kufakwe amanothi emifino namakhambi, okuthuthukisa ubunzima bobhiya. Le ndlela ithuthukisa ukujula kobhiya ngaphandle kokufihla ukucaca kwayo.

Kwabadayisi be-lagers kanye nama-pilsners, iSantiam iletha uhlamvu lwe-noble-hop lwaseYurophu kuma-brews aseMelika. Iphrofayili yayo efana ne-Tettnanger inikeza amanothi athambile ezimbali, amakhambi, kanye nezinongo ezinhle. Lokhu kulungele ubhiya onephrofayili yemvubelo ehlanzekile kanye nokubiliswa okuqinile.

• Ukusetshenziswa kobhiya obulula: kunikeza iphunga elimnandi ngaphandle kokucindezela isisekelo.
• Isu lokuhlanganisa: kuhlanganiswe sekwephuzile noma ku-whirlpool ukuze kuphakanyiswe iphunga elimnandi.
• Izitayela eziqondiwe: Izindlela zokupheka ze-APA, i-IPA, i-lager, i-pilsner kanye nezindlela zokupheka zezandla ezixubile.

Naphezu kobuhle bayo bokwenza ubhiya, ukukhanga kweSantiam kwezentengiselwano kulinganiselwe. Ukumaketha kanye nodumo lwezinye izinhlobo ezifana neCitra, iCascade, kanye neCentennial kudlala indima. ISantiam isalokhu isendaweni, igubuzelwe yi-hops ethandwa kakhulu.

Ukuntuleka kokusetshenziswa okudumile kanye nokungabi khona kwempuphu ye-lupulin evamile kuvimbela ukubonakala kukaSantiam. Noma kunjalo, abenzi bokwenza utshwala abazisa ubuciko basalukhetha. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwalo kabanzi kuvinjelwa ukukhanga kwama-hops anuka kamnandi kakhulu.

Kulabo abahlose ukudala iphunga elimnandi elilinganiselwe kubhiya baseMelika banamuhla, iSantiam iyisinqumo esithembekile. Inikeza imiphumela eqhubekayo, okwenza kube inketho ethembekile kubenzi bobhiya abafuna ibhalansi kunesibindi.

Idatha yelabhorethri kanye nezinkomba zocwaningo

Ucwaningo lweSantiam kanye nedatha yelebhu kubalulekile kubakhi bebhiya nabalimi. Banikeza ububanzi bekhemistri obunemininingwane, isivuno sesilingo sasensimini, kanye namarekhodi okusebenza kwezolimo. Le mibhalo ibalulekile kulabo abanentshisekelo ku-triloid genetics yeSantiam.

Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali emibikweni yokuzalela kanye nezifinyezo zabahlinzeki kubonisa ukuthi ama-alpha acid aphakathi kuka-5–8.5%. Ama-beta acid abikwe ngendlela efanayo, ngebanga elincane lika-5–7%. Amanani aphelele kawoyela acishe abe ngu-1.3–2.2 mL ngamagremu ayi-100 e-hops.

Ukwehlukaniswa kwamafutha abalulekile kudatha yelebhu yaseSantiam kubonisa ukuthi i-myrcene isukela ku-15% kuya ku-50%, ngokuvamile iphakathi kuka-20-36%. I-Humulene ivame ukuba phakathi kuka-18-30%, enenani eliphakathi elingu-23-26%. I-Caryophyllene ibikwa cishe ku-4.8-9%. I-Farnesene, enegalelo emanothini ezimbali anongwe kakhulu, iseduze no-8-16%.

Idatha yokuhlolwa kwesivuno kanye nensimu evela e-Oregon naseWashington iyathembisa. Ezinye izivivinyo ziqophe u-1,430–1,780 kg/ha. Ezinye zifinyelele cishe ku-2,400 kg/ha, okubonisa ukuthi iSantiam ingadlula iTettnanger ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle.

• Isivuno sokuhlola sisukela ku-1,430–2,400 kg/ha (izibalo ezilinganiselwa).
• Ukukhiqizwa kwama-cone acishe angabi nembewu kuhlobene nezakhi zofuzo ze-triploid; kubhalwe phansi ezifinyezweni ze-agronomy.
• Ukubuka kwensimu kuphawula ukuzivumelanisa nezimo okuqhubekayo kuzo zonke izindawo zasePacific Northwest.

Isaziso sokukhishwa kwe-USDA kanye nezincwadi zesiteshi sokuhlola ezisebenzisanayo zenza lolu hlobo lwesitshalo lwaba semthethweni. Isaziso sokukhishwa kwe-Henning ne-Haunold kusukela ngoMashi 1998 sibonisa isimemezelo esisemthethweni. Isihloko sika-Alfred Haunold sango-1998 ku-The New Brewer sichaza umsebenzi wokunambitheka kwezinhlobo ezintsha ze-hop, okuhlanganisa ne-Santiam.

Izizindalwazi zezimboni namakhasi abaphakeli njengeHopUnion, BeerMaverick, kanye neBeerLegends ahlanganisa ikhemistri, izimo zokusetshenziswa, kanye namanothi asebenzayo. Lezi zinsiza zithatha isaziso sokuqala sokukhishwa kweSantiam kanye nemibiko elandelayo yesivivinyo. Abapheki bebhiya bangahlola lokhu okufakiwe beqhathanisa nemibiko yelabhorethri eyinhloko yokuhlela amaresiphi.

Sebenzisa amabanga ezinombolo angenhla njengezindawo zokuqala. Ukuze uthole ifomula enembile, cela idatha yelebhu yeSantiam eqondene neqembu kumhlinzeki wakho. Qhathanisa nemiphumela yesilingo sensimu yendawo ngaphambi kokukhulisa umkhiqizo.

Isiphetho

Isiphetho sikaSantiam: ISantiam iyi-aromahop ekhiqizwa eMelika, ikhodi ye-SNT, eyasungulwa eCorvallis, e-Oregon, futhi yakhishwa ngo-1997. Inephrofayili ethambile, yezimbali-yezithelo ezinamakhambi kanye ne-peppery spice accents. Ingxube yayo yamafutha elinganiselayo yenza kube kuhle kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwe-late-boil, whirlpool, kanye ne-dry-hop. Njengoba inama-alpha acids acishe abe ngu-5–8.5% kanye namafutha aphelele acishe abe ngu-1.3–2.2 mL/100g, ilungele i-APA, i-IPA, kanye nama-lager alula lapho kufunwa khona iphunga elimnandi.

Isifinyezo seSantiam: Ngokwezolimo, iSantiam inama-triploid anama-cone acishe angabi nembewu, abonisa amandla amahle kanye nokuvuthwa kwaphakathi nesizini. Ifaneleka kahle emapulazini asePacific Northwest. Izivivinyo zasensimini zibike ukuthi zikhiqiza izithelo ezincintisana neTettnanger kanye nokumelana nezifo okuqinile ezindaweni eziningi. Kodwa-ke, ukuvuna ngokucophelela kanye nokugcina okubandayo, okuncishisiwe komoya-mpilo kubalulekile ukuze kulondolozwe iphunga layo nokulawula ukulahleka kwe-HSI.

Ukubuka konke kwe-Santiam hops: Kwabenzi bobhiya, sebenzisa i-Santiam yonyaka wamanje ukuze uthole iphunga elimnandi, ukhethe okungeziwe kamuva kanye ne-dry hopping. Uma ingatholakali, i-Tettnanger, i-Spalt, noma i-Hallertau zisebenza njengezindawo zokufaka ukunambitheka okuseduze. Sekukonke, i-Santiam inikeza inketho yaseMelika esebenzayo, efana neyesigqila yabakhiqizi bobhiya abafuna amanothi athambile ezitshalo nezimbali anokujula okuthambile kwezithelo nokunonga.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Iyini iSantiam futhi yathuthukiswa kuphi?

I-Santiam iyi-aromahop yaseMelika eyasungulwa yi-Agricultural Research Service yoMnyango Wezolimo wase-US eCorvallis, e-Oregon. Ukufuya kwaqala ngo-1988, kwakhishwa ngokusemthethweni ngasekupheleni kwawo-1990. Yatholakala kubalimi ngo-1997, ngenxa ye-USDA kanye neziteshi zokuhlola ezisebenzisanayo.

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zeSantiam?

Abazali bakaSantiam yiSwiss Tettnanger kanye neGerman Hallertauer Mittelfrüher. Uhlobo lwe-US oluvela ku-Cascade nalo lunegalelo ku-genetics yalo. Umgomo kwakuwukudala i-aromahop yohlobo lwaseYurophu efanelekela ukwenziwa kwebhiya eMelika.

Ingabe i-Santiam i-triploid futhi ingabe lokho kuyayithinta ikhwalithi yekhoni?

Yebo, iSantiam i-triploid. Lesi sici siholela kuma-cone angenambewu cishe, ngisho noma kunezimpova zesilisa. I-Triploidy ithuthukisa ikhwalithi yama-cone, iqinisekisa ukunambitheka okuhlanzekile ngaphandle kwembewu ephuma emaqabungeni.

I-Santiam isebenza kanjani ngokwezolimo eNyakatho-ntshonalanga yePacific?

I-Santiam ichuma ezindaweni ezikhula e-Oregon naseWashington. Ibonisa amandla okutshala aphakathi nendawo kuya phezulu kanye nokuvuthwa kwaphakathi nesizini. Isivuno sisukela ku-1,430 kuya ku-2,400 kg/ha, okuvame ukudlula umkhiqizo we-Tettnanger.

Yiziphi izincazelo eziyinhloko zezinzwa zikaSantiam?

I-Santiam yaziwa ngephunga layo elithambile, eliyimifino, nelinobuhle bezimbali, kanye namanothi aphezulu ezithelo kanye nopelepele omnyama noma ama-spicy accents. Inikeza ubumnandi obufana nobuhle, okwenza kube kuhle kakhulu njenge-aroma hop esekelayo.

Yimaphi amafutha abalulekile ashukumisa iphunga likaSantiam?

I-Myrcene, i-humulene, i-caryophyllene, kanye ne-farnesene yiwona mafutha ayinhloko eSantiam. I-Myrcene inezela i-resin yezithelo kanye namanothi e-citrus, kuyilapho i-humulene ifaka izici zokhuni, zezimbali, kanye nezinhle. I-Caryophyllene inikeza ama-accents ane-pepper, ashisayo, kanti i-farnesene inezela ubunzima obuluhlaza kanye nezimbali.

Yiziphi izinhlobo ze-alpha ne-beta acid ezivamile zikaSantiam?

Ama-alpha acid ngokuvamile asukela ku-5.0 kuya ku-8.5%, isilinganiso esicishe sibe ngu-6.8%. Ama-beta acids angaba ngu-5.3–8.5%, isilinganiso esicishe sibe ngu-6.9%. Njenge-aromahop, i-Santiam isetshenziswa kakhulu ngamafutha ayo aguquguqukayo, hhayi ababayo.

Iyini iphesenti likaSantiam le-co-humulone futhi kungani libalulekile?

I-Co-humulone ivame ukuba phakathi kuka-18–24%, isilinganiso esingaba ngu-21%. Ingathinta ubukhali bokubaba, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwe-Santiam sekwephuzile kwephunga kunciphisa umthelela wayo ekubabeni kobhiya.

Ingakanani i-oyili equkethe i-Santiam?

I-Santiam iqukethe cishe i-1.3–2.2 mL yamafutha aphelele ngamagremu ayi-100, ngesilinganiso esingaba yi-1.6 mL/100 g. Ukwakheka kwamafutha kanye nokusha kwawo kunquma umthelela wawo omnandi.

Kufanele ngifake nini iSantiam kule bhiya ukuze ngithole iphunga elimnandi kakhulu?

Faka iSantiam sekwephuzile, njengasekufakweni kwe-kettle sekwephuzile, i-whirlpool/whirlpool-rest emazingeni okushisa aphansi, noma i-dry hopping. Lokhu kulondoloza amanothi ayo ezimbali, amakhambi, kanye nezithelo, njengoba i-myrcene namanye amafutha aguquguqukayo elahleka ngesikhathi sokubilisa isikhathi eside.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zikabhiya ezifanelana kahle neSantiam?

I-Santiam ifaneleka kahle i-American Pale Ale kanye ne-India Pale Ale njenge-aromahop esekelayo. Iphinde ihambisane nezitayela ezilula njenge-American Blonde Ale, i-American Lager, i-Pilsner, i-Kölsch, i-Helles, kanye ne-Bock.

Ngingalinganisa kanjani i-malt ne-yeast ukuze ngibonise i-Santiam?

Sebenzisa ama-malt ahlanzekile, angathathi hlangothi njenge-2-row noma i-Pilsner malt. Khetha izinhlobo zemvubelo ezivundisayo, njenge-lager yeast (Wyeast 2001 noma i-White Labs WLP830), ukuze ulondoloze iphunga elimnandi le-hop. Gwema ama-malt akhethekile aqinile uma uhlose ukulondoloza iphunga.

Yimaphi ama-hops okushintshana anconywayo uma iSantiam ingatholakali?

I-Tettnanger, i-Spalt, i-Spalter Select, i-Hallertau, kanye ne-Liberty ziyizithako ezinhle zokufaka esikhundleni. Zifana nohlamvu oluhle lwezimbali kanye nolwemifino. I-Citra ingasetshenziswa kumanothi ezithelo/ama-citrus acacile, kodwa ishintsha iphrofayili ibe yizithelo zasezindaweni ezishisayo.

Yimaphi ama-physics okuvuna kanye ne-cone ajwayelekile kuSantiam?

Ama-Santiam's cones mancane kuya kwaphakathi futhi anobukhulu obukhululekile, okwenza ukuvuna ngomshini kube nzima. Kuvuthwa maphakathi nesizini, kanti ukuvuna kwe-US Pacific Northwest kuqala maphakathi kuya ekupheleni kuka-Agasti.

Yiziphi izingcindezi zezifo kanye nezinselele zokuvuna okufanele abalimi bazilindele?

I-Santiam ikhombisa ukumelana okuhle ne-downy mildew kodwa ingaba sengozini ye-powdery mildew. Ubuningi bayo obukhululekile be-cone benza kube nzima ukuvuna, kudinga ukuphathwa ngokucophelela ukuze kugwenywe ukulahleka kwemishini kanye nokuwohloka kwe-cone.

I-Santiam igcina kahle kangakanani futhi iyini i-HSI yayo?

I-Santiam inokugcinwa okulingene. I-Hop Storage Index yayo (HSI) icishe ibe ngu-0.4–0.5. Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi ukugcinwa kwama-alpha acid angu-40–50% ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ku-68°F (20°C). Ukugcinwa okubandayo, okuncishisiwe komoya-mpilo kunciphisa ukubola kukawoyela ne-asidi.

Yiziphi izinhlobo ze-Santiam ezithengiswa ngazo futhi imikhiqizo ye-cryo/lupulin iyatholakala?

I-Santiam itholakala njengama-cone aphelele kanye nama-hops afakwe i-pelletized. Azikho izinhlobo ze-cryogenic lupulin noma izinhlobo ze-"cryo" powder ezitholakala kabanzi ezivela kubacubunguli abakhulu. Uhlobo lwe-pellet lukhethwa kakhulu ukuze lugcinwe futhi lusetshenziswe njalo.

Ngingalungisa kanjani imithamo ye-whirlpool kanye ne-dry hopping?

Ukuze uthole iphunga elimnandi kuma-ales, sebenzisa cishe ama-ounces angu-0.5–1.0 ngegaloni ku-whirlpool noma ku-dry hop. Kuma-lager alula noma ama-pilsner, yehlisa ibe ngu-0.25–0.5 ngegaloni. Lungisa ngokuya ngobukhulu be-batch kanye nekhwalithi yama-hop. Khulisa inani lama-hops amadala noma ancishisiwe.

Ingabe iSantiam ibangela ukubaba okukhulu uma isetshenziswa kusenesikhathi?

Ama-alpha acid aphakathi kaSantiam angabangela ukubaba okuncane ekuqaleni kokubilisa. Kodwa-ke, ukungezwa kokuqala kulahlekelwa amafutha amaningi aguquguqukayo. Ukuze uthole iphunga elimnandi, sebenzisa ukungezwa okuphuzile; ukuze ubhake, khetha ama-hops angathathi hlangothi aphezulu noma ulungise inani leSantiam.

Izilinganiso zikawoyela zikaSantiam ziqhathaniswa kanjani neTettnanger?

Iphrofayili kawoyela kaSantiam, okuhlanganisa i-myrcene, i-humulene, i-caryophyllene, ne-farnesene, ifana ne-Tettnanger. Isilinganiso se-humulene-to-caryophyllene singu-3.2–3.6, sisekela uhlamvu oluhle lwezimbali namakhambi olunezimpawu ze-pepper.

Ngingayithenga kuphi iSantiam futhi yikuphi ukuhlolwa kobusha okufanele ngikwenze?

Thenga kuma-hop farms esifunda, abahlinzeki be-hop ekhethekile, kanye nabathengisi abaku-inthanethi ababhala unyaka wokuvuna kanye nosuku lokupakisha. Abahlinzeki be-hop basePacific Northwest kanye nezimakethe ezijwayelekile bayimithombo emihle. Khetha ukuvuna konyaka wamanje, ukupakisha okuvalwe nge-vacuum noma okuhlanjululwe nge-nitrogen, kanye nokugcina isitoreji esibandayo uma kungenzeka.

Ingabe kukhona idatha yelabhorethri eshicilelwe kanye nezinkomba zeSantiam?

Yebo. Izinkomba ezibalulekile zifaka phakathi izaziso zokukhishwa kwe-USDA, izincwadi zesiteshi sokuhlola ezisebenzisanayo, amanothi ka-Alfred Haunold ngezinhlobo ezintsha ze-hop, kanye nokufakwa kwedathabheyisi yabaphakeli/i-hop (i-HopUnion, i-BeerMaverick, i-BeerLegends) okuhlanganisa i-chemistry, ukuhlukaniswa kwamafutha, kanye nedatha yokukhiqiza.

Kungani iSantiam ingasetshenziswa kabanzi naphezu kwezimfanelo ezinhle?

Ukwamukelwa okulinganiselwe kweSantiam kuvela ezindleleni zemakethe kunokuba kube ukusebenza kabi kokwenza ubhiya. Izici zifaka phakathi ukumaketha okulinganiselwe, ukugqama kwezinhlobo zesimanje ezidumile (iCitra, iMosaic), kanye nokungabikho kwemikhiqizo ye-cryo/lupulin. Naphezu kwalokhu, abenzi bobhiya abafuna iphunga elisekelayo elifana nelihle bathola iSantiam ibalulekile.

Ukufunda Okuqhubekayo

Uma ukujabulele lokhu okuthunyelwe, ungaphinda uthande lezi ziphakamiso:

• Ama-Hops Ekubhiyeni Ubhiya: Southern Promise
• Ama-Hops e-Beer Brewing: Ivanhoe
• Ama-Hops ku-Beer Brewing: I-Pacific Gem