Isithombe: I-Microscopic View of Brewing Yeast

Lesi sithombe sinikeza amazwibela aseduze, acishe abe sankondlo emhlabeni we-fermentation we-microscopic, lapho isayensi yezinto eziphilayo, ikhemistri, nobuciko buhlangana khona ngesikhathi esisodwa, esisheshayo. Enkabeni yokwakheka kunesitsha saselabhorethri esigcwele uketshezi olusagolide olunenhlaka, ubuso balo buphila ukunyakaza. Phakathi kwalolu ketshezi kulenga izinhlayiya ezingenakubalwa ezimise okweqanda—amangqamuzana emvubelo—nganye iyinjini encane yokuguqulwa. Amafomu azo achazwe ngokucacile, aveza izindawo ezithungwe kanye nokuhluka okucashile kosayizi nokuma kwawo. Ezinye zibonakala zihluma, ezinye zikhukhuleka emanzini athambile, konke okunomthelela ekwakhiweni okuguquguqukayo kokuvutshelwa. Ukucaca nokugxilwa kwesithombe kuvumela umbukeli ukuthi ajabulele ubunkimbinkimbi beselula ngokuvamile obufihlekile ukuze bangabuki, okuphakamisa lawa magciwane asuka ezithakweni nje kuya kwabalingiswa abadlala idrama ye-biochemical.

Uketshezi oluwuketshezi ngokwalo lukhanya ngokufudumele, lukhanyiswa ukukhanya okuthambile kwenhlaka okuthuthukisa ukunotha nokujula kwalo. Amabhamuza akhuphuka kancane esixazululo, enze imizila ethambile ecwebezelayo njengoba ekhuphuka. Lawa mabhamuza angaphezulu kokuchuma okubonakalayo—awumkhiqizo obonakalayo we-yeast metabolism, ukukhululwa kwe-carbon dioxide njengoba ushukela uguqulwa ube utshwala. Ukuba khona kwazo kubonisa ubungqabavu nenqubekelaphambili, inqubo yokuvutshelwa eqhubeka ngokuqhubekayo. Ukunyakaza okuzungezayo ngaphakathi kweflask kuphakamisa ukuyaluza okuthambile, mhlawumbe okuvela ku-stirrer kazibuthe noma i-convection yemvelo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imisoco isatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo nokuthi imvubelo ihlala imisiwe futhi isebenza.

Ngemuva, indawo yesehlakalo ifakwe uhlaka ngokuba khona okucashile kwezitsha zengilazi zaselabhorethri—amabhika, amaflask, nama-pipette—ezihlelwe ngendlela enembile. Lawa mathuluzi abonisa ukuqina kwesayensi ngemuva kwenqubo, aphakamisa ukuthi lokhu akuyona nje isiphuzo esivamile kodwa ingxenye yokuhlolwa okulawulwayo noma iphrothokholi yokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi. Indawo yengilazi ibamba ukukhanya kwe-ambient, yengeza ungqimba lokubonisa ngale nokubonisa okuhambisana neflask emaphakathi. Ukujula kwenkambu ku-velvety futhi kwenziwa ngamabomu, kudonsela iso oketshezini olubilayo kuyilapho kuvumela ingemuva ukuthi lifiphale libe ukufiphala okuthambile. Lokhu kukhetha okubhaliwe kuqinisa umuzwa wokugxila nokusondelana, kumema umbukeli ukuthi abambezele futhi abuke.

Umkhathi jikelele ungowokufudumala, ilukuluku, nenhlonipho. Ivusa umoya wobuciko wokwenza isiphuzo, lapho isiko lihlangabezana nokuqamba okusha nalapho iqoqo ngalinye liwukubonakaliswa okuhlukile kwempilo yamagciwane kanye nenjongo yomuntu. Lesi sithombe asigcini nje ngokubhala inqubo—siyayigubha, sithwebula ubuhle nobunkimbinkimbi bokuvutshelwa ngendlela engokwesayensi neyezinzwa. Kusikhumbuza ukuthi ubhiya awusona nje isiphuzo kodwa uwumkhiqizo ophilayo, ololongwa ukusebenzisana okungenakubalwa okungabonakali futhi uqondiswa izandla nezingqondo zalabo abaqonda ulimi lwawo.

Ekugcineni, lesi sithombe siwukuhlonipha imvubelo—iqhawe elingaphikiswa—kanye nezindawo ezilikhulisayo. Imema umbukeli ukuthi ajabulele uguquko olwenzeka ngaphakathi kweflask, ukuthi abone amabhamuza hhayi nje njengegesi kodwa njengobufakazi bokuphila, futhi abone iflaski hhayi nje njengomkhumbi kodwa njengesiteji somdlalo wemvelo omuhle kakhulu. Ngokukhanya kwaso, ukwakheka, kanye nemininingwane, isithombe sithwebula ingqikithi yokuvutshelwa: inqubo eyakudala futhi ihlaba umxhwele ngokungapheli.

Isithombe sihlobene: Ukuvubela Ubhiya nge-CellarScience English Yeast