Ama-Hops e-Beer Brewing: Saxon

Ukusondelana kwama-hop cone aluhlaza okotshani alenga ezivinini eziluhlaza ensimini ye-hop yaseSaxon, enefektri yendabuko kanye namagquma agudlayo ngemuva ngaphansi kwesibhakabhaka esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esicwebezelayo.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Umlando wama-hop ekwenzeni ubhiya uqala kudala ngaphambi kwezindawo zanamuhla zokutshala. Ukwenziwa kobhiya kwasekuqaleni kweNgisi kwakusebenzisa i-malt, amakhambi e-gruit, kanye nokubilisa okufushane. Ama-hop, alethwa evela emazweni aphansi, alethwa eKent naseMaidstone ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-15. Imithetho yasheshe yalawula ikhwalithi yama-hop kanye nokupakisha, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwathuthuka ngokusetshenziswa kwemishini kanye nokuzalanisa.

Namuhla, iSaxon iphakathi kwama-aroma hop aseBrithani adumile ngenxa ye-terroir yayo kanye nobuhlakani bayo. Abenzi bobhiya baseMelika bavame ukuhlanganisa iSaxon nama-malt aphuzi kanye nezinhlobo zemvubelo ehlanzekile ukuze bathuthukise iphunga layo. Ku-hop bill, iSaxon ivame ukwenza cishe u-50% wezithako ezengeziwe, ihlose ukuthola iphunga langempela laseBrithani ngaphandle kokubaba ngokweqile.

Okuthathwayo Okubalulekile

• Ama-Saxon hop ayizinhlobo ze-hop zaseBrithani ezinezimbali ezithambile nezinomhlaba ezifana ne-Saxon hop.
• I-Saxon alpha acid icishe ibe ngu-9%, okwenza kube nokubilisa okuphakathi uma kusetshenziswa iphunga elinamandla.
• Ama-hop ekuphekeni ubhiya athatha indawo yamasiko emifino asendulo eNgilandi futhi aba yimikhiqizo elawulwayo.
• I-Saxon ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwengeza okusemuva, i-whirlpool, kanye ne-dry hopping ukuze ibonise iphunga elimnandi.
• Abenzi bobhiya baseMelika bayawazisa amaSaxon ngenxa yobuntu bawo be-Old World kanye nokuhambisana nama-malt aphuzi kanye nemvubelo engathathi hlangothi.

Isingeniso kuma-hops aseSaxon kanye nendima yawo ekwenzeni ubhiya

Ama-Saxon hop athandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabenzi bobhiya abafisa iphunga lakudala laseBrithani elinomunyu ofanele. Lesi singeniso siqokomisa indlela anikela ngayo amanothi ezimbali, umhlabathi, kanye nezinongo ngaphandle kokunqoba i-malt.

Yini eyenza ama-hops aseSaxon ahluke

I-Saxon idume njenge-aromahop yaseBrithani, eyaziwa ngezici zayo ezilinganiselayo. Ine-alpha acid ephakathi nendawo, cishe engu-9%, okwenza ibe yindawo ekahle kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwe-late-kettle kanye ne-dry-hop. Abenzi bebhiya bakhetha ukuthi i-Saxon ifake ubhiya babo amanothi ezimbali amancane, utshani obuncane, kanye nobunzima obukhulu bezitshalo.

Umlando omfushane kanye nemvelaphi yaseBrithani

Imvelaphi yama-hop aseSaxon igxile kakhulu ekulinyweni kwama-hop aseBrithani, ikakhulukazi ngemva kwesikhathi saseFlanders. Ukugcizelelwa kwama-hop pockets kanye namarekhodi abalimi kugcizelela ukubaluleka kokuvela kwawo. Lokhu kugxila emlandweni yingakho abenzi bobhiya banamuhla befuna ama-hop angempela aseBrithani ngenxa yokunambitheka kwawo kwefa kanye nemvelaphi elandelekayo.

Indlela iSaxon efanelana ngayo nezitayela zokuphuza utshwala zesimanje

Izitayela zokukhiqiza utshwala zanamuhla, ezigxile ku-terroir kanye nobuntu be-hop, zivuselele isithakazelo kuma-hop aseSaxon. Abenzi bokwenza utshwala bobuciko bavame ukusebenzisa ama-Saxon cishe ngesigamu se-hop bill yabo ukuze bathuthukise iphunga ngenkathi begcina ukubaba okuphakathi. Umkhuba okhulayo wezinhlobo zendabuko ezifana neSaxon unezela ubunzima be-Old World kuma-ales aluhlaza anamuhla kanye nezitayela ezixubile.

Ukusondelana kwama-hop aseBrithani aseSaxon ambozwe ngamazolo anezindlala ze-lupulin eziphuzi ezibonakalayo, abekwe eduze kwemivini ye-hop esisekelweni sokhuni kanye nefektri yobhiya yaseNgilandi efiphele kancane enama-kettle ethusi.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Isizinda sezitshalo kanye nemvelaphi yokutshalwa kwe-hop

Ama-hop ayisitshalo esikhula njalo esinomlando ocebile. Imvelaphi yawo ibuyela emuva ezinhlotsheni ze-Humulus zasendle ezitholakala ogwini lomfula nasemaphethelweni ezinkuni. Ekuqaleni, abantu babesebenzisa amahlumela amancane njengemifino namaqabunga emithini emincane. Kamuva, ama-hop aba yinto ebalulekile ekuphekeni.

Ukushintsha kusuka ekubuthaneni kwasendle kuya ekulimeni okuhleliwe kwaphawula ukuqala komlando we-hop. NgeNkathi Ephakathi, abalimi bamazwe ase-Low Countries naseJalimane baqala ukukhetha izitshalo ukuze bathole ama-cone amakhulu futhi bathole isivuno esiqhubekayo. Lo mzamo wokukhetha wabumba izakhi zofuzo zezinhlobo eziningi zesimanje zezentengiselwano.

Emadolobheni ase-continental, abenzi bobhiya bathuthukisa amasu okomisa nokugcina ama-cone ukuze kulondolozwe iphunga. Lokhu kuthuthuka kwasiza ama-hop ukuthi asakazeke kuzo zonke izifunda ngokuhweba. Ama-hop aba yisithako esibalulekile emasikweni obhiya asenyakatho yeYurophu ngaphambi kokuba asungulwe emasimini aseNgilandi.

• Imvelaphi yezitshalo zasendle kanye nokusetshenziswa kwazo kwasekuqaleni
• Ukwanda kokulinywa okuhlelekile emazweni aphansi
• Inqubekela phambili yokucubungula ekhuthaze ukwamukelwa kabanzi

Ama-hop afika eNgilandi ngokuhwebelana neFlanders kanye neKent. I-Maidstone kanye nezinye izindawo zaseKentish zaqala ukulima ama-hop ekupheleni kwekhulu le-15. Abalimi bokuqala baseNgilandi bashintsha amasu ezwekazini ukuze bavumelane nezimo zendawo, babeka isisekelo sezinhlobo zaseBrithani.

Ukwanda kwaholela ekucindezelweni kwezomthetho kanye nemakethe. Imithetho yekhulu le-17 yayihlose ukunciphisa ama-hop asezingeni eliphansi noma angcolisiwe. Le mithetho iqokomisa umthelela omkhulu wokutshalwa kwama-hop emnothweni wokwenza ubhiya eNgilandi nakwamanye amazwe.

Uhlu lwe-Saxon hop lwavela kule mizamo yaseBrithani. Ukuzalanisa okukhethiwe kugxile ephunga nasekuzinzeni, kuxhumanisa izitshalo zasendle ze-Humulus nama-hops athile njengoba abapheki be-English bewazisa namuhla.

Ukusondelana kwamakhoni e-hop aluhlaza acwebezelayo ambozwe amazolo asekuseni, alenga ezivinini ezisekelweni zokhuni engadini ye-hop ekhanyiswe yilanga enamagquma akude nesibhakabhaka esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Umongo womlando: kusukela ku-Anglo-Saxon ale kuya kubhiya othosiwe

Abapheki bokuqala baseNgilandi basebenzisa indlela eqondile. Ekwenzeni ubhiya e-Anglo-Saxon, i-ale yayiyinto eyinhloko, ubhiya we-malt ongafakwanga onama-herbs afana ne-bog myrtle kanye ne-yarrow. Imvubelo yayitholakala emoyeni noma isetshenziswe kabusha, okwaholela esikhathini esifushane sokubilisa sosuku olulodwa kuya kwezintathu. Lawa ma-ale ayenamandla amancane, enzelwe ukusetshenziswa ngokushesha.

Umehluko phakathi kwe-ale nobhiya ubalulekile ekuqondeni intuthuko yakamuva. I-ale kwakuyigama leziphuzo ze-malt ezingafakwanga i-hopped, kanti ubhiya wawusho ubhiya obufakwe i-hopped. Amarekhodi angesikhathi asikisela ukuthi igama elithi 'beor' lingabhekisela nakubhiya woju. Ekuqaleni ama-hops ayebhekwa njengenani elikhulu ngenxa yezimfanelo zawo zokugcina ukudla kunokunambitheka kwawo.

Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1400, ama-hop angeniswa eNgilandi ngokuhweba nokuhamba. Umlando wama-hop eNgilandi uphawulwa ngokulinywa kanye nemithethonqubo kusukela kulesi sikhathi. Ngo-1603, iPhalamende laqala ukubeka amazinga ekhwalithi yama-hop, likhuthaza ukwamukelwa kabanzi kanye nokusungulwa kwezingadi zama-hop kuzo zonke izifunda.

Ikhulu le-17 labona izinguquko ezinkulu endaweni yobhiya. Ubhiya obunama-hop wathandwa kakhulu, wasusa i-ale yendabuko ekuthandweni kokuphuza kwabantu abaphezulu. Abenzi bobhiya baqala ukushintsha izindlela zabo zokupheka, amasu, kanye nemikhuba yokugcina amarekhodi. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-hop pockets kanye nemibhalo kwaxhumanisa ama-hop nabalimi, okwakhuthaza ukuhweba ngama-hop okuhweba.

Ukuvela kwama-hop aseSaxon kuhambisana nalesi simo esibanzi. Lapho ama-hop eseyinto ebalulekile ekwenzeni ubhiya eNgilandi, izinhlobo zendawo ezifana neSaxon zahlanganiswa nephothifoliyo yama-hop aseBrithani. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwesiko kanye nokutshalwa okusha kwathonya kakhulu ukuvela kwama-ales aseNgilandi kanye nobhiya ngekhulu le-17.

Umkhiqizi webhiya wase-Anglo-Saxon uxova imbiza yokhuni ye-ale ngaphakathi kwehholo le-mead lasemaphandleni elinama-hops, izitsha zobumba, kanye nesithando somlilo samatshe esikhanyayo.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Izici zama-hops aseSaxon

Ama-Saxon hop amelela umongo wama-aroma hop aseBrithani. Adunyiswa ngokubaba kwawo okulinganiselayo kanye nephrofayili yawo eyingqayizivele yephunga elimnandi. Lolu hlobo luyisibonelo esibalulekile se-aroma hop, olunikeza ukubaba okwanele ukuhambisana nokunambitheka kwe-malt uma kudingeka.

Okuqukethwe kwe-alpha acid kuma-Saxon hops kucishe kube ngu-9%. Leli zinga eliphakathi lilungele ukungezwa kusenesikhathi, okuqinisekisa ukuthi ukunambitheka kobhiya akudluli. Futhi lilungele ukuqeda ukuthinta, linikeza uhlamvu oluncane kodwa olunemininingwane eminingi kubhiya.

• Iphrofayili yephunga likaSaxon: amanothi aphezulu ezimbali, ubukhazikhazi obuthambile, kanye nokuphakama okuthambile kwamakhambi okukhumbuza amaphunga endabuko aseBrithani.
• Izincazelo zokunambitheka kwe-Saxon zivame ukufaka ama-tannins afana netiye, ikhasi le-citrus elithambile, kanye nezinongo ezithambile ezisekela ubhiya obuvela ku-malt.
• Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Saxon hop ezindleleni zokupheka kuvame ukubeka uhlobo lwe-hop njengesici esiyinhloko sephunga kunokuba kube yi-hop ebabayo kuphela.

Ezindleleni zokupheka eziningi, ama-hop aseSaxon akha cishe ingxenye ye-hop bill. Lokhu kusetshenziswa kugcizelela indima yawo ekuthuthukiseni ukunambitheka ngenkathi kuvumela amanye ama-hop ukuthi engeze ukujula nobunzima.

Kulabo abahlose ukugqamisa i-terroir kanye nephunga elimnandi, i-Saxon iyisinqumo esihle kakhulu. Ihambisana kahle ne-Maris Otter noma i-pale ale malts kanye ne-clean ale yeast, okwenza kube yinto eguquguqukayo kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwebhiya.

Ukubonakala okufushane kwama-Saxon hop cones aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka anamaconsi amade ngesikhathi segolide, abekwe eceleni kwepulazi le-hop elifiphele elinezinsika ngemuva.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Izinto okufanele uzicabangele ekukhuleni nasekulimeni kweSaxon

Ama-hop aseSaxon ayachuma ezimweni zendawo. Ukutshala ama-hop aseBrithani kunomlando ocebile eKent nasezingxenyeni zaseWest Midlands. Abalimi bacabangela ngokucophelela uhlobo lomhlabathi, imvula, kanye nezinhlelo ze-trellis ukuze bahlangabezane nezidingo zezitshalo kanye nesivuno esilindelekile.

Isimo sezulu sibalulekile empilweni ye-hop. Isimo sezulu esifudumele esinobusuku obupholile nezinsuku ezifudumele silungele ukukhula kwe-cone. Ukushisa okukhulu kwehlobo noma isomiso esinde kunganciphisa kakhulu isivuno. Izinkathi zemvula eziningi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zandisa ingcindezi yezifo futhi zifinyeze ifasitela lokuvuna.

Intuthuko kwezolimo ishintshe amasimu e-hop anamuhla. Ucwaningo eWye College nakwezinye izikhungo luholele ekuthuthukisweni kwama-hedgerow hop. Lezi zinhlobo zikhula cishe ngamamitha angu-8 ubude, okunciphisa izindleko zokutshala nokuvumela ukuvuna nokunakekela ngomshini.

• Ukuphakama okuphansi kwe-trellis kwenza ukuqoqwa ngomshini kube nokwenzeka.
• Ukuncipha kwamandla ezitshalo kunciphisa abasebenzi kanye nezidingo zokufaka.
• Ama-hedgerow hop akhuthaza imiphetho yasensimini ehlukahlukene kanye nezinambuzane ezizuzisayo.

Ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane kanye nempilo yezitshalo kuyizinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele. Ukutshala i-hop yaseBrithani yesimanje kugxila ekukhetheni izinhlobo ezimelana kakhulu nezifo ze-hop. Abafuyi bahlose ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa okuvela ku-mildew kanye namagciwane, ukunciphisa isidingo semithi yokubulala isikhunta kanye nokugcina isivuno naphezu kwesimo sezulu esishintshashintshayo.

Izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zibalulekile ekuphatheni izingozi ekulimeni kweSaxon. Ukuhlola njalo, ukunisela ngokulinganisela, kanye nokushintshanisa ukwelashwa kusiza ekuvimbeleni ukuqubuka kwezifo. Abalimi abaningi bahlanganisa izilawuli zamasiko nezinketho ezingamelani nokhula ukuze banciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali ngenkathi begcina ikhwalithi yamakhoni.

Izici zemakethe kanye nezemvelo zithonya ukukhetha kwepulazi. Ubukhulu bezitshalo bungaguquguquka ngokusekelwe ekudingweni nasekucindezelweni kwezifo. Abakhiqizi abamukela ama-hedgerow hop futhi bakhethe izinhlobo ezimelana nezitshalo bavame ukubhekana nezindleko eziphansi ngehektha ngalinye kanye nokuhambisana kangcono nezindlela zokuphakelwa zesimanje.

Umlimi uhlola imivini eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ekhuphuka ama-trellises amade ensimini yasemakhaya yaseSaxon enamagquma agudlayo kanye nendlu yepulazi ngaphansi kwesibhakabhaka esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esikhanyayo.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Ukuvuna, ukucubungula, kanye nokufaka amaphakethe e-hop

Abalimi baseSaxon bahlanganisa isiko nokusebenza kahle kwesimanje ngesikhathi sokuvuna. Bahlela isikhathi sokuvuna kwabo ukuze balondoloze uwoyela oshintshashintshayo, baqinisekise ukuthi kuncane ukuklwebheka. Le ndlela ithinta ngqo ikhwalithi yokomiswa nokugcinwa kwe-hop.

Izindlela zokuvuna ziyahlukahluka, lapho ukukhetha ngesandla kwamukelwa emapulazini amancane aseBrithani ngenxa yokuthinta kwayo okuthambile. Izinhlelo zemishini, ezethulwa ngo-1922, zasakazeka kabanzi. Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1950, zazinikeza ukuvuna okusheshayo nokuqhubekayo, ikakhulukazi ezinhlotsheni ezifuywe ukuze kusebenze kahle umshini.

Ngemva kokuvuna, ukomisa kwenzeka ngokushesha ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahleka kwamafutha futhi kulondolozwe ama-alpha acid. Imithetho yomlando, esukela ngo-1603, ishintshe imikhuba yanamuhla. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukumaka amaphakethe e-hop ngonyaka, indawo, kanye negama lomlimi ukuqinisekisa ubuqiniso. Izindinganiso ezinjalo zibalulekile ekugcineni ikhwalithi ye-hop.

Izindlela zokupakisha zithinta kakhulu ukugcinwa kwephunga. Abalimi bavame ukusebenzisa izikhwama ezivalwe nge-vacuum noma ezihlanjululwe nge-nitrogen. Bakhetha ama-pellet noma izingcezu ukuze zihlale isikhathi eside. Ukupakisha okufanele, kuhlanganiswe nokomiswa okulawulwayo, kuvikela izithako zokunambitheka zefektri yokwenza utshwala.

Ukugcina ama-hop ngendlela ephumelelayo kubalulekile, kunciphisa ukuchayeka ku-oxygen, ukukhanya, nokushisa. Ukugcina ama-hop abandayo kulungele ama-hop anuka kamnandi njengeSaxon. Ngaphandle kwamakamelo abandayo, izindawo zokwenza utshwala kufanele zijikeleze isitokwe futhi zisebenzise imikhiqizo engakapheli isikhathi sayo sokuphumula ukuvimbela ukonakala.

Izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zabapheki bebhiya nabalimi:

• Hlela amafasitela okuvuna ukuze uthuthukise amazinga kawoyela futhi unciphise umonakalo wokuphatha ngesikhathi sokuvuna ama-hop.
• Sebenzisa ukomisa okusheshayo, ngisho nokweqa ukuze uvale iphunga futhi uqinise okuqukethwe yi-alpha acid.
• Faka amaphakethe e-hop ngemininingwane ecacile yokuvela kwawo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezindinganiso zekhwalithi ye-hop futhi kuvikelwe idumela.
• Gcina ama-hop ebanda, angenawo umoya-mpilo, futhi abe mnyama ukuze andise isikhathi sokugcina ama-hop.

Ama-Saxon hops ekuphekeni nasekulungiseleleni ubhiya

Ama-Saxon hop athandwa kakhulu ngephunga lawo ekwenzeni ubhiya besimanje. Ayangezwa lapho amafutha ashintshashintshayo engasinda khona ekushiseni futhi angene ku-wort noma ubhiya. Inhloso ukuveza amanothi ezimbali, amnandi, kanye ne-citrus elula ngaphandle kokufaka ukunambitheka kwemifino okunamandla.

Beka uSaxon njengochwepheshe wokwengeza kamuva. Kungcono ukuwafaka emaminithini ayi-10-15 okugcina okubila ukuze ubambe amafutha aphezulu. Ukufaka iSaxon ku-whirlpool noma emazingeni okushisa aphansi (ngaphansi kuka-80°C / 176°F) kusiza ukugcina ama-aromatics athambile anobuthi obuncane.

I-Dry hopping ikhipha amaphunga amasha futhi ashintshashintshayo. Kuwusizo ukuhlela i-Saxon dry hop ngesikhathi sokubilisa okusebenzayo ukuze uthole izinzuzo ze-biotransformation noma ngemva kokubilisa ukuze uthole iphunga elihlanzekile. Gcina isikhathi sokuxhumana sifushane futhi ugweme ukushukuma okukhulu ukuze uvimbele utshani obungafuneki noma imifino engasebenzi kahle.

• Isiqondiso Somthamo: Umthamo we-Saxon hop uyahlukahluka ngesitayela kanye nobukhali bomuthi. Sebenzisa izithako ezilinganisiwe ukulawula iphunga nokubaba.
• Isikhathi: i-kettle yamuva → i-whirlpool → i-dry hop yokuthuthukiswa kwephunga elimnandi elinezingqimba.
• Ibhalansi: hlanganisa iSaxon nama-hops anezela ukubaba noma izithelo ezihambisanayo noma amanothi anomuncu lapho iSaxon ihlanganisa cishe ingxenye yomlomo we-hop.

Uma iSaxon yenza cishe u-50% we-hop bill, ibeka iphrofayili yephunga likabhiya. Ivame ukuhlanganiswa ne-hop ebabayo ene-alpha ephezulu noma umlingani wezithelo ukuze kuthuthukiswe umuzwa womlomo kanye nokunambitheka. Njengoba ine-alpha acid ecishe ibe ngu-9%, iSaxon inegalelo lokubaba okuncane kodwa iphumelela kakhulu ngephunga.

Amanothi eresiphi asebenzayo afaka phakathi ukulungisa umthamo we-Saxon hop ngokusekelwe kusayizi webhetshi kanye nokuqina okufunwayo. Ngebhetshi elingamalitha angu-20 elihlose iphrofayili yakudala ephuzi yaseBrithani, beka i-Saxon phezu kweshaja encane ye-late-kettle, i-whirlpool stand, kanye ne-short dry hop. Ukunambitheka kanye namabhetshi amancane okuhlola kusiza ekulungiseni ifomula yokugcina.

Ukuhlanganiswa kokunambitheka kanye nezinhlobo ze-hop ezihambisanayo

I-Saxon idume ngama-alpha acid ayo aphakathi nendawo kanye nephrofayili yayo yephunga elimnandi. Inikeza amanothi ezimbali, omhlaba, kanye nezithelo ezithambile. Abenzi bokubhiya abahlose ukugqamisa lokhu kufanele bagxile ezindleleni zokupheka ezigcizelela iphunga elimnandi. Ukukhetha okufanele kwe-malt kanye nemvubelo, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-hop okunenhloso, kuzothuthukisa i-Saxon ngaphandle kokuyinqoba.

Yimaphi ama-malts ne-yeast aqokomisa uhlamvu lwesiSaxon

• Qala nge-Maris Otter noma i-British pale malt ukuze uthole ukunambitheka okumnandi nokufana nama-biscuit. Faka ama-crystal malt alula ku-SRM ephansi ukuze uthole ubumnandi obuncane. Lawa ma-malt agcina iphrofayili yokunambitheka ilinganisela.
• Khetha i-yeast ye-ale yesiNgisi yakudala njenge-Wyeast 1968 noma i-White Labs WLP002. Iletha ama-ester ayindilinga anezithelo kanye nokuqedwa okuthambile. Ukuze uthole iphrofayili ehlanzekile, khetha i-yeast ye-ale yaseMelika noma izinhlobo ezihlanganisiwe ukuze zihambisane nephunga likaSaxon.

Ukuhlanganisa ama-hop okulinganisela noma okuthuthukisa iphunga le-Saxon

• Hlanganisa iSaxon nezinhlobo zaseBrithani ezithambile njenge-East Kent Goldings noma i-Fuggles. Lawa ma-hop athuthukisa amanothi ezimbali nomhlabathi, adale iphrofayili ebumbene ye-Old World.
• Engeza ama-hop e-New World avinjelwe njenge-Willamette noma i-Cascade ekungezeni kwakamuva. Lokhu kuphakamisa amanothi ezithelo athambile ngaphandle kokunqoba i-Saxon ngamandla. Sebenzisa ama-hop ahlabayo aphezulu ekuqaleni kwama-IBU, ugcine i-Saxon ukuze ingeze ama-whirlpool noma ama-dry-hop.
• Cabangela ukugxuma okungavamile noma izikhathi ezimfushane zokuthintana ukuze kulondolozwe ama-volatile aromatics. Le ndlela ithuthukisa ukuhlangana kwe-Saxon ngokugwema ukudla okunemifino noma okunotshani.

Izincomo zesitayela zokubhanqa

• Ama-ales nama-bitter endabuko aseBrithani: Sebenzisa i-Saxon njengo-40-60% wephunga elimnandi ezindleleni zokupheka zakudala. Lokhu kuqinisa ubuntu be-Old World futhi kugcizelela ukulinganisela kanye nokuphuzwa kalula.
• Izinhlobo ze-ales ezimpunga nezinhlobo ze-hybrid: Khetha imvubelo ehlanzekile ye-Saxon kanye ne-malts ekhanyayo. Lokhu kuveza ukubonakaliswa kwe-hop okukhanyayo. I-ale yesimanje empunga inganikeza ubunzima obuncane ngaphandle kwe-citrus ehlabayo.
• Ama-Saisons kanye nobhiya obuxubile bokubila: Sebenzisa i-Saxon kancane ukuze uthole iphunga eliqinile neliyinkimbinkimbi. Idlala kahle ngama-phenolics kanye namanothi aqhutshwa yi-barrel.

Ama-Saxon hops ngezitayela zobhiya ezidumile

Ama-Saxon hop ethula i-essence ethambile, enezimbali ethuthukisa ubhiya obuhlose ukulinganisela kanye nephunga elimnandi. Athandwa kakhulu ekuphekeni lapho uhlamvu lwe-hop olunezinhlayiya luhambisana ne-malt nemvubelo ngaphandle kokulimaza ulaka. Lolu hlobo luhamba phambili kokubili ezinhlotsheni zobhiya zendabuko kanye nezintsha.

Kuma-ales aseBrithani endabuko kanye nama-ales aluhlaza, iphunga likaSaxon elithambile kanye nokubaba okuthambile kufaneleka kahle. Lifanelekela izindlela zokupheka ze-ale eluhlaza, lifaka amanothi ezimbali namakhambi ngaphandle kokufihla i-malt yakudala yesiNgisi. Kuma-bitter ne-cask ales eseshini, umnikelo kaSaxon olinganisiwe uthuthukisa ama-ester e-yeast yesiNgisi.

Abenzi bobhiya baseMelika bavame ukuhlanganisa iSaxon nezindlela zabo zokupheka ukuze bathole ubuhle be-Old World. Ngokufaka iSaxon kubhiya obuhlose ukulinganisela kwe-transatlantic, bathola ikhono elincane laseBrithani kubhiya obugxile eMelika. Leli cebo lisebenza kahle kakhulu kuma-ales aphuzi noma aphuzi, ukuxuba ifa nokuphuza kwanamuhla.

Ukubilisa okuxubile kanye nama-saisons asepulazini kunikeza indwangu yokuveza okucashile kukaSaxon. Kulezi zitayela, iSaxon isekela ama-phenolics e-peppery yeast kanye ne-barrel funk, okuvumela imvubelo nama-microbes ukuthi akhanye. Ukusetshenziswa ngokuhlakanipha kweSaxon kuma-saisons kunezela ubunzima bezimbali ngaphandle kokubusa ubhiya.

• Kuma-ales aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka anesitayela sesiNgisi: beka phambili ukungezwa kwe-Saxon kamuva ku-ale eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ukuze kugcinwe iphunga elimnandi.
• Kwabaxube baseMelika: linganisela iSaxon ezindleleni zobhiya ne-American bittering hop ukuze uhlanganise ukunambitheka.
• Kuma-saisons kanye nokubilisa okuxubile: sebenzisa i-Saxon kuma-saisons ngamanani aphansi, ahlanganiswe ne-farmhouse yeast kanye nemigqomo engathathi hlangothi.

Amasu okwenza ubhiya ukuze kukhuliswe iphunga le-Saxon

Ukuze uthuthukise amanothi ezimbali namakhambi aseSaxon, gxila esikhathini, izinga lokushisa, kanye ne-chemistry yamanzi. Lezi zici zibalulekile ekugcineni uwoyela oguquguqukayo kanye nokulinganisela ebhiya lokugcina. Sebenzisa amasu athile ukuze ugcine ukukhanya kweSaxon ngenkathi ugwema izinhlanganisela zemifino ezinzima.

Izengezo ezifike sekwephuzile kanye nesu lokuma phansi

Kubhiya obugxile ephunga elimnandi, hlela ukwengeza i-hop ephuzile emizuzwini yokugcina eyi-10-15 yokubilisa. Ukwengeza i-flameout okulandelwa ukuma kwe-hop ku-176-194°F kulondoloza amafutha abalulekile. Le ndlela ikhawulela i-isomerization yama-alpha acid.

I-late hop engeziwe ifaka iphunga ngaphandle kokwandisa ukubaba. Uma i-Saxon iyinhloko ebangela iphunga, ivame ukwenza cishe ingxenye ye-hop bill. Lokhu kuqinisekisa iphrofayili ehambisanayo.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Whirlpool hop kanye nokulawula izinga lokushisa

Ngemva kokushisa okukhulu, ukusebenzisa i-whirlpool hop emazingeni okushisa aphansi kuqinisa iphunga ngenkathi kunciphisa ubukhali. Ukuyixuba kancane imizuzu eyi-15-30 kusiza ekuhlukaniseni i-trub futhi kwandisa ukukhishwa kwephunga elimnandi.

Gcina izinga lokushisa lokuxhumana kwe-hop lingaphansi kokubila okusebenzayo ukuze ugweme i-isomerization eningi. Le ndlela ifanelekela izindlela zokupheka ezithembele ku-Saxon ukuze zibe nezimbali ezivelele.

Izindlela zokuxhumanisa i-dry hopping kanye nesikhathi sokuxhumana

I-Saxon dry hop ingenziwa ibanda noma ifudumele, kuye ngokuthi ufuna ukuyikhipha kanjani. Ukuthintana okufushane kwezinsuku ezingu-3-5 kugqamisa ama-topnotes akhanyayo futhi kunciphisa uhlaza.

Ukuthintana isikhathi eside kwezinsuku ezi-5-10 kudonsa ukujula okwengeziwe kodwa kwandisa ingozi yamanothi amilayo noma ancibilikisiwe. Sebenzisa amanethi noma izikhwama zensimbi engagqwali ukuze ugcine umthamo unembile futhi kube lula ukuwususa.

Iphrofayili yamanzi kanye nokukhetha okusanhlamvu

Setha iphrofayili yamanzi yama-hops asekela ama-aromatics. Isilinganiso esilinganiselwe se-sulfate-to-chloride sisebenza ezinhlotsheni eziningi. I-chloride ephakeme kancane igcizelela umzimba we-malt futhi iveza iphunga le-hop ngendlela eyindilinga.

Qondisa amazinga okushisa e-mash aphakathi kuka-152–156°F (67–69°C) ukuze ukhiqize iphrofayili elinganiselayo evundiswayo. Lolu hlobo lwe-mash lugcina umzimba owanele ukuthwala i-Saxon ngaphandle kokwenza ubhiya ube mncane.

• Sebenzisa amasu okwenza ubhiya eSaxon agcizelela ukwengezwa kweziphuzo ezisanda kwenezelwa kanye nezitendi ze-hop ezilawulwayo.
• Hlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-whirlpool hop nezindlela ezimfushane ze-dry-hop ukuze kucace futhi kugxile ephunga.
• Qondanisa iphrofayili yamanzi ye-hops kanye nokushisa kwe-mash nesitayela sikabhiya ukuze usekele ukuvezwa kwe-hop.

Isibonelo seresiphi esebenzisa ama-Saxon hops

Le recipe yenzelwe ukudala i-pale ale yesitayela saseBrithani. Igqamisa amanothi ezimbali, amakhambi, kanye nezithelo ezincane. Umgomo umzimba olinganiselayo kanye nokubaba okuphakathi, kanye neresiphi ye-Saxon aroma njengomlingiswa oyinhloko we-hop.

Iphrofayela eqondiwe

Ubhiya kufanele ube nama-top notes ezimbali namakhambi e-Old World, kanye nama-ester ezithelo alula. Kufanele ube nokubaba okuphakathi kanye nokuqedwa okuhlanzekile, okulungele i-session noma i-pale ales enamandla ajwayelekile.

Usayizi weqembu

Iresiphi ingamagaloni angu-5 (19 L). Hlosa amandla adonsela phansi okuqala angu-1.046–1.050. Amandla adonsela phansi okugcina alindelekile angu-~1.010–1.014.

• I-Maris Otter i-pale malt — 9 lb (4.1 kg)
• Ikristalu 20L — 1 lb (0.45 kg)
• I-Light Munich — 0.5 lb (0.23 kg)

I-Hop bill (ama-hops aphelele)

I-Saxon iyinhloko yale recipe. Yisebenzise cishe ingxenye yebhili ukuze ugcizelele iphunga layo. I-hop ebabayo engathathi hlangothi noma yaseBrithani izogcwalisa ubumuncu.

• Ukugxuma okubukhali okungathathi hlangothi (isib. iTarget noma iMagnum) — ukuze ukuhlaba kufinyelele ama-IBU aqondiwe
• I-Saxon — 50% wesamba se-hop esengeziwe (ehlukaniswe phakathi kwe-kettle yamuva, i-whirlpool, kanye ne-dry hop)
• I-hop eyengeziwe (isb., i-East Kent Goldings noma i-hop yaseMelika ethambile) — esele ingu-50% ekunambithekeni okuzungezile

Isibonelo seshejuli ye-hop (isiyonke ~25 IBU)

• Ukugxuma okubukhali okungathathi hlangothi ngemizuzu engama-60 — engeza njengoba kudingeka ukuze ufinyelele ama-IBU aqondiwe (bala usebenzisa i-Saxon alpha ~9% kuphela uma isetshenziswe kusenesikhathi)
• I-Saxon ngemizuzu eyi-10 — 30% wezinto ezengeziwe ze-Saxon
• I-Saxon e-flameout/whirlpool (imizuzu engama-20 ephakeme) — 40% wezinto ezengeziwe ze-Saxon
• I-Dry hop Saxon + i-partner hop izinsuku ezingu-3-5 — 30% wezinto ezengeziwe ze-Saxon

Imvubelo nokubilisa

Sebenzisa imvubelo ye-English ale efana ne-Wyeast 1968 noma i-White Labs WLP002. Bilisa ku-18–20°C (64–68°F) ukuze unciphise ukungcola kanye nohlobo lwesithelo oluphakathi.

Ushizi namanzi

Hlanza ku-~154°F (68°C) ukuze umzimba ulingane. Lokhu kusekela i-Saxon 50% hop bill ngaphandle kokufihla iphunga. Lungisa iphrofayili yamanzi ngesizotha ukuze ugweme ukubaba okukhulu.

Amanothi enqubo

Sebenzisa i-hop ebabayo engakhethi kahle kusenesikhathi ukuze ugweme ukulahlekelwa yi-aromatics ethambile. Faka i-Saxon ku-kettle yamuva kanye ne-whirlpool ukuze ukhiphe iphunga elimnandi. Qedela ngokuxhumana okufushane kwe-dry-hop kwezinsuku ezingu-3-5 ukuze uthwebule amanothi aphezulu e-Saxon amasha angenawo uhlamvu lwemifino.

Ukupakishwa kanye nokulungiswa

Vumela ubhiya ukuthi ulungele isikhathi eside ngokwanele ukuze ama-hop aromatics ahlale kufreyimu ye-malt. Lindela amandla adonsela phansi aseduze kuka-1.010–1.014, kuye ngokusebenza kahle kwe-mash kanye nokukhetha kwamandla adonsela phansi okuqala kule recipe ye-Saxon.

Ukugcinwa, ukugcinwa, kanye nokutholakala kwezentengiselwano

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-Saxon hop ahlala esesimweni esihle kudinga ukuphathwa ngokucophelela kwezinga lokushisa, umoya-mpilo, kanye nokupakishwa. Ama-aroma hop, ikakhulukazi, alahlekelwa amafutha awo aguquguqukayo ngokushesha kunezakhi ezibabayo. Imikhuba elula yasekhaya noma yefektri yobhiya ingagcina ama-alpha acid kanye nephunga isikhathi eside.

Indawo yokugcina i-Saxon hop ephumelelayo ilula. Zigcine zibanda esiqandisini ukuze zisetshenziswe isikhathi esifushane bese uziqandisa isikhathi eside. Sebenzisa izikhwama ezivalwe nge-vacuum noma amaphakheji ahlanjululwe nge-nitrogen ukuze unciphise ukuvezwa komoya-mpilo. Amaphakheji avuliwe kufanele adliwe ngokushesha ukuze kuvinjelwe ukubola kwephunga.

Ama-Saxon hop pellets anikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile kokubili kubapheki bebhiya basekhaya kanye nabapheki bebhiya bezentengiselwano. Anciphisa ivolumu, anciphise i-oxidation, futhi enze lula inqubo yokulinganisa. Abapheki bebhiya abaningi bakhetha ama-pellets ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwawo njalo kanye nokulula kokuphathwa ngesikhathi sokugaya nokufaka umthamo.

Ama-hops e-whole-cone kanye nama-extract e-hop asabalulekile. Ama-cones aphelele anezela ukuthinta kwendabuko kuma-cask ales. Ama-extract e-CO2 kanye nemikhiqizo e-isomerized, ngakolunye uhlangothi, andisa isikhathi sokuphila futhi afaneleka lapho amazinga e-alpha azinzile ebalulekile khona. Khetha ifomu elihambisana nezinhloso zakho zokupheka kanye namakhono okugcina.

• Indawo yokugcina ebandayo igcina ukuzinza kwe-alpha acid.
• I-vacuum noma i-nitrogen kunciphisa ukulahleka kwephunga eliqhutshwa umoya-mpilo.
• Ama-pellets kanye neziqephu zinikeza isikhathi eside sokuphila uma kuqhathaniswa nama-cones akhululekile.

Ukutholakala kwama-hop aseSaxon kungahluka ngokwesizini nangomhlinzeki. Angathengwa ngabasabalalisi abakhethekile kanye nabathengisi abasunguliwe abahlinzeka ngemvelaphi, i-alpha acid, kanye nemininingwane yonyaka wesivuno. Uma uthenga ama-hop aseSaxon, qinisekisa usuku lwesivuno kanye nemininingwane yokupakishwa ukuze ulinganise ubusha.

Ukuqinisekisa ama-hops aseBrithani e-USA kudinga ukuhlela amasu. Iziteshi zokungenisa kanye nabasabalalisi kusiza ukungena kwezinhlobo zaseBrithani ezimakethe zase-US. Kodwa-ke, izikhathi zokuhola zibalulekile. Bambisana nabathengisi be-hop abadumile njengoBarthHaas, uYakima Chief, noma abasabalalisi abazimele base-US abadalula imvelaphi kanye nemikhuba yokugcina.

Uma uhlela ukuthenga ama-Saxon hop ngeqoqo, cabanga ngokuthunyelwa nokugcinwa kwawo lapho ufika. Buza ngokutholakala kwama-Saxon hop pellets nokuthi athunyelwa eqandisiwe noma anephakheji evikelwe. Khetha izikhathi zokuhamba ezimfushane futhi usheshe ugcine esiqandisini ukuze ulondoloze iphunga le-hop kanye nephrofayili yayo ye-alpha.

Kwabenzi bobhiya abahlose ukuletha iphunga elihambisanayo, cabanga ngoku-oda ngobuningi bese uqandisa amaphakheji angavulwanga. Ngaphandle kwalokho, khetha izingcezu zamaphrojekthi amade. Ukulebula okucacile, ulwazi lonyaka wesivuno, kanye nabasabalalisi abathembekile kubalulekile lapho uthenga ama-hops aseBrithani e-USA. Benza kube lula ukutholakala okuthembekile kwezindlela zokupheka zesizini.

I-Terroir kanye nokukhanga kwama-hops aseBrithani ase-Old World

Inhlabathi, isimo sezulu, kanye nokulima isikhathi eside kwakheka ubuntu be-hop. I-British hop terroir inikeza izitshalo ibhalansi yamaminerali, i-aromatics evinjelwe, kanye nobunjalo bomhlaba obuncane. Lokhu kulinganisela kuyaziswa ngabapheki abaningi. Kuhlukile ezinhlotsheni zezithelo ze-New World ezizwakalayo, okusiza ubhiya ukuthi bube nomuzwa ocacile wendawo.

Abapheki bebhiya abafuna ubuqiniso be-hops yesifunda bafuna okungaphezu kokunambitheka kuphela. Bayazisa imvelaphi, idumela labalimi, kanye nemikhuba yomlando ehlobene namaphakethe e-hop kanye namasaka aqoshiwe. UStan Hieronymus nabanye ababhali baphawula ukuthi i-terroir ilandisa indaba abenzi bebhiya abangayisebenzisa ukwakha indaba ehambisanayo kabhiya.

Ama-hop e-Old World abonisa ukuzibamba engilazini. Uma esetshenziswa njengesici esivelele sephunga, i-Saxon terroir ingaletha amanothi aphezulu ezimbali, umhlaba othambile, kanye nezithelo ezibuthakathaka. Lokhu kuvela phakathi kokuphuza, okwenza i-Saxon ibe yindawo ekahle kakhulu kubhiya obuhlose ukukhombisa ubunzima obucashile kunokuba bukhali kakhulu.

• Indlela i-terroir yaseBrithani ethonya ngayo isimo se-hop: isimo sezulu esipholile, sasemanzini silondoloza amafutha amnandi anephunga elimnandi futhi siveza kokubili izici zezimbali namakhambi.
• Kungani abenzi bobhiya bebheka ubuqiniso kanye ne-hops yesifunda: ubhiya buthola ukwethembeka kanye nokuxhumana okunengqondo nendawo, okukhanga abaphuza izinto zobuciko kanye nabadayisi bezindawo zokudlela ngokufanayo.
• Izibonelo zamaSaxon aveza izimfanelo ze-Old World kubhiya: ku-al ephuzi yaseBrithani yakudala, i-Saxon terroir ingafundwa njengephunga lezimbali eliyindilinga elinokuphela okomile, okufana nomhlabathi.

Umongo wezomthetho, wezomnotho, kanye nowemboni

Indaba yama-hop eBrithani ihlanganisa umthetho, izimakethe, kanye nesayensi. Imithetho yomlando yasungula amazinga ekhwalithi kanye nemikhuba yokuhweba esakha umnotho wama-hop nanamuhla. Imizamo eqhubekayo yokuzalanisa ama-hop ibhekana nezifo, izingcindezi zezindleko, kanye nezidingo zomkhiqizi wobhiya ezishintshashintshayo, okwenza umongo wemboni yaseSaxon uguquke.

Imithetho emithathu yokuqala yabeka izibonelo ezihlala njalo. UMthetho ka-1603 wawujezisa ama-hop angcolisiwe ukuze kuvikelwe abathengi. Imithetho yakamuva yayala ama-hop pockets ukuba abhalwe unyaka, indawo, kanye negama lomlimi. Umsebenzi ka-1710 wawuvimbela izithasiselo ezingezona i-hop ebhiya, ugcizelela ubumsulwa kanye nokulandeleka. Le mithetho iyisisekelo semithethonqubo yanamuhla ye-hop.

Umnotho we-hop waseBrithani ubhekane nokushintshashintsha okukhulu kwe-acre kanye nenani. Ukutshala kwafinyelela inani eliphakeme lamahektha angaba ngu-77,000 ngo-1878. Ikhulu lama-20 labona ukwehla okukhulu kwalandelwa ukuguquguquka okuthonywe yisidingo se-lager, izinhlobo ezingenisiwe, kanye nokushintsha kwezintandokazi zabathengi. Ukuzinza kwekhulu lama-50 kwafezwa ngokusungulwa kweBhodi Yokumaketha ye-Hops. Izinguquko zomthetho we-EEC ka-1982 zaqeda ukulawula okuphakathi, zanika amandla amaqembu abakhiqizi abazimele ukushintsha amasu okumaketha kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali.

• Izingcindezi Zemakethe: ukuthandwa kwe-lager kuncishisiwe isidingo sama-aroma hop endabuko aseBrithani.
• Ukushintsha kokunikezwa: ama-hops angenisiwe kanye nokuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo kushintshe izinqumo zokutshala.
• Imiphumela yenqubomgomo: izinguquko zokumaketha kanye nokuxhaswa ngemali kushintshe indawo kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwayo.

Ucwaningo nokuzalanisa kubalulekile ekuqineni kwemboni ye-hop yaseBrithani. I-Wye College kanye ne-Horticulture Research International bahola ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo ze-varietal, okuhlanganisa ama-hedgerow hop kanye nokumelana nezifo. Lapho ukuzalanisa okusemthethweni kwe-Wye College kuphela ngo-2007, i-British Hop Association yasungula ama-Wye Hops ukuze iqhubeke nentuthuko. Imizamo yamanje igxile ekuthuthukiseni izinhlobo ezingenayo imali eningi, ezingamelani nezifo ezinezinhlobo eziningi ze-alpha acid ngenkathi kulondolozwa ukunambitheka okuhlukile.

Imiphumela ewusizo evela ekuzaleni ama-hop ithonya abalimi kanye nabenzi bokwenza ubhiya. Izinhlobo ezintsha zihlose ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane kanye nokuqinisa isivuno. Abapheki bebhiya abafuna ukunambitheka kwendabuko bathembele ezinhlotsheni ezithile, okwenza ukuzalanisa okuqondiwe kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina imboni yama-hop yaseBrithani nokuvikela izikhundla zemakethe zezinhlobo ezifana neSaxon.

Ukusebenzisana kwemithethonqubo ye-hop, imijikelezo yemakethe, kanye nokufuya okuqondiwe kuzothinta ukutholakala, izindleko, kanye nekhwalithi. Abatshalizimali, abalimi, kanye nabakhiqizi bobhiya kumele bacabangele izinguquko zenqubomgomo, izitayela zabathengi, kanye nentuthuko yezolimo lapho behlela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-hop esikhathini esizayo.

Isiphetho

Ama-Saxon hop aphetha uhambo oluvela ekwenzeni ubhiya basendulo kuya kobuciko besimanje. Athatha indawo ye-gruit, enikeza kokubili ukulondolozwa kanye nokunambitheka. Lolu hlobo lwaseBrithani luphethe iphunga le-Old World, elibonisa imvelaphi yalo emazweni aphansi kanye nokuzalaniswa kweBrithani. Luhlanganisa izidingo zokwenziwa ubhiya zendabuko nezesimanje.

Isifinyezo se-Saxon hop siqokomisa izinga layo le-alpha eliphakathi, cishe u-9%. Kuyi-aromahop enamandla yokwengeza i-late-add. Izindlela zokupheka zivame ukufaka i-Saxon ngesigamu se-hop bill, engezwe sekwephuzile ukuze kulondolozwe amanothi ezimbali, omhlaba, kanye namakhambi. Le ndlela ibamba isifiso sabapheki bezindawo.

Ukuhlanganisa ama-Saxon hop ezindaweni zokwenza utshwala zase-US kunikeza indlela eya ebhalansini yangempela yaseBrithani. Ilungele ama-British ales eseshini, ama-hybrid pale ales, noma ama-blended saisons. I-Saxon ihlanganisa i-terroir, umlando, kanye nezindlela zesimanje, idale iphunga eliyingqayizivele neliphelele.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Ayini ama-hop aseSaxon futhi kungani esetshenziswa ekwenzeni ubhiya?

I-Saxon iyi-aromahop yaseBrithani enezinga eliphakathi le-alpha acid elicishe libe ngu-9%. Ikhethwe ngenxa yomnikelo wayo wephunga elimnandi, inikeza amanothi ezimbali, amakhambi, nezithelo noma omhlaba. Lokhu kuyenza ifaneleke kakhulu ekufakweni kwe-late-kettle, i-whirlpool, kanye ne-dry-hop, lapho kungagcinwa khona amafutha anomswakama.

Ama-alpha acid kaSaxon athinta kanjani izinqumo zokupheka?

Ama-alpha acid kaSaxon acishe abe ngu-9% anganezela ubumuncu uma engezwa kusenesikhathi. Kodwa-ke, amandla ayo asephunga layo. Abapheki bewayini bavame ukuyihlanganisa ne-high-alpha bittering hop ukuze kufakwe kusenesikhathi. I-Saxon igcinelwe ukwengeza sekwephuzile noma ukugxuma okumanzi ukuze kulondolozwe iphunga layo.

Yiliphi iphesenti le-hop bill okufanele iSaxon imele?

I-Saxon ivame ukwenza cishe u-50% we-hop bill uma iyiphunga eliyinhloko elibangela iphunga. Lokhu kuyivumela ukuthi ichaze iphunga likabhiya le-Old World kuyilapho i-hop ehambisanayo inezela ukubaba noma ezinye izinongo. Lungisa isilinganiso ngokusekelwe emigomweni yakho yesitayela.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwenza ubhiya ezithinta kangcono iphunga likaSaxon?

Sebenzisa i-Saxon ekungezeni i-kettle yamuva (imizuzu eyi-10-15 edlule), lapho i-flame ivutha nge-hop stand (cishe ama-80-90°C/176-194°F), kanye nokugxuma okumile izinsuku ezi-3-5. Lokhu kukhulisa ukukhishwa kwamafutha okuguquguqukayo ngaphandle kokuqina. Ukuthintana okufushane kwe-dry-hop kugcina iphunga elikhanyayo; ukuthintana isikhathi eside kuyingozi kumanothi otshani noma ancibilikisiwe.

Yimaphi ama-malt kanye ne-yeast ahambisana kahle ne-Saxon?

Ama-malt endabuko aseBrithani, njengoMaris Otter kanye nezingxenye ezincane ze-crystal malt, aqokomisa uhlamvu lwe-Old World lukaSaxon. Ama-yeast ale ye-English (isibonelo, i-Wyeast 1968 noma i-White Labs WLP002) anikeza ama-ester ayindilinga ahambisana ne-Saxon. Ama-yeast ale aseMelika angathathi hlangothi noma ahlanzekile nawo ayasebenza uma ufuna iphunga le-hop livelele esimweni esikhanyayo.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zobhiya ezifanela ama-Saxon hop?

I-Saxon ifanela ama-ales aseBrithani endabuko, ama-ales aluhlaza okotshani, kanye nama-bitter lapho iphunga elilinganiselayo nelinobunono liyaziswa khona. Isebenza futhi kuma-ales aluhlaza okotshani esimanje ahlanganisiwe, ama-saisons, kanye nobhiya obuxubile lapho uhlamvu lwe-hop oluvinjelwe, oluyinkimbinkimbi lusekela amaphrofayili aqhutshwa yimvubelo noma agugile ngemigqomo kunokuba luwaqede amandla.

Ngingawagcina kanjani ama-Saxon hop ukuze ngilondoloze iphunga elimnandi kanye nama-alpha acid?

Gcina ama-hops ebanda—efrijini isikhathi esifushane, eqandisiwe isikhathi eside—emaphaketheni avaliwe nge-vacuum noma ahlanjululwe nge-nitrogen ukuze unciphise ukuvezwa komoya-mpilo. Ama-Pellets kanye nemikhiqizo ekhishwe nge-CO2 yandisa impilo engasetshenziswa. Nciphisa isikhathi phakathi kokuvula nokusebenzisa bese ulandela uhlu lomhlinzeki ngonyaka wesivuno kanye nohlu lwe-alpha ukuze uthole ukusha.

Ama-Saxon hop atholakala ngaziphi izindlela futhi lokho kuthinta kanjani ukusetshenziswa kwawo?

I-Saxon itholakala njenge-cone ephelele, ama-pellet, noma i-extract. Ama-pellet avamile ukusetshenziswa njalo kanye nokugcinwa okulula; ama-cone aphelele anganikeza umbono ohlukile kancane wephunga kwabanye abenzi bobhiya. Ama-extract anikeza isikhathi eside sokugcinwa kanye nokubaba okuzinzile kodwa angase angabi nalutho oluthile lwe-hop entsha uma kuqhathaniswa nama-pellet.

Avelaphi ama-hop aseSaxon futhi lokho kuhlobene kanjani nomlando wama-hop aseBrithani?

I-Saxon ivela ohlwini lwezinhlobo ze-hop zaseBrithani oluhlakulelwe olwalandela ukwethulwa kwama-hop eNgilandi evela emazweni aphansi ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-15. Ihlala ngaphakathi kwesiko lezinhlobo ezikhuliswe futhi zakhethwa eBrithani ngenxa yesimo sesifunda, okubonisa intuthuko yezolimo yekhulu leminyaka, ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi yokulawula, kanye nokunaka indawo.

I-terroir yaseBrithani ithonya kanjani ubuntu bukaSaxon?

Inhlabathi, isimo sezulu esifudumele, kanye nokulima kwesifunda ezindaweni ezifana neKent kanye neWest Midlands kwakheka ukwakheka kwamafutha e-hop kanye nokuvezwa kwephunga. I-terroir yaseBrithani ivame ukugcizelela amanothi ezimbali nezimila acwebezelayo, ayindilinga kunokuba kube uhlamvu lwe-citrus oluqhumayo noma i-resin New World, okusiza iSaxon ukuthi iveze iphrofayili ye-Old World ehlonishwa kakhulu ngabapheki abaningi.

Yimiphi imikhuba yokulima nokuvuna ethinta ikhwalithi yeSaxon?

Ukutshalwa kwesimanje kwaseBrithani kulinganisela ukumelana nezifo, ukuguquguquka kwesivuno, kanye nokufakwa kwamakhemikhali okuphansi. Izinhlobo ze-hedgerow noma ze-trellis ezimfushane kanye nokuvuna ngomshini kunciphisa abasebenzi futhi kuthuthukise ukuhambisana. Ukomiswa okusheshayo, ukupakisha ngokucophelela, kanye nokunamathela ezindinganisweni zekhwalithi—ezisekelwe emithethweni yasendulo—kuqinisekisa ukulondolozwa okuhle kwama-alpha acid kanye namafutha aguquguqukayo.

Ingabe kukhona izimpawu zomthetho noma zomlando okufanele ngizibheke lapho ngithenga iSaxon?

Ngokomlando, umthetho waseNgilandi wawudinga ukuthi amaphakethe e-hop abhalwe unyaka wesivuno, igama lomlimi, nendawo yokukhula ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imvelaphi yawo iyatholakala. Namuhla, abathengisi be-hop abadumile babala imvelaphi, i-alpha acid, kanye nonyaka wesivuno. Funa abahlinzeki abahlinzeka ngalolo lwazi lwemvelaphi futhi abagcina isitoreji se-cold chain ukuze balondoloze iphunga.

Yimaphi ama-hops ahambisana kahle noSaxon?

Hlanganisa iSaxon nezinye izinhlobo zaseBrithani ukuze uthole iphrofayili ye-Old World ehlangene, noma nama-hops e-New World athambile ukuze ungeze izithelo noma i-resin ethambile ngaphandle kokufihla amanothi ezimbali namakhambi kaSaxon. Sebenzisa ama-hops ashisayo ane-alpha ephezulu kusenesikhathi uma kudingeka ama-IBU engeziwe ngenkathi ugcina iSaxon ukuze ingeze kamuva kanye nezigaba ze-hop eyomile ukuze ulondoloze indima yayo yephunga.

Ngingayakha kanjani iresiphi eyisisekelo ye-Saxon-forward pale ale?

Yakha isisekelo seMaris Otter ngesengezo esincane se-crystal malt ukuze ulinganisele. Sebenzisa i-neutral noma i-English ale yeast kanye ne-split hops ukuze iSaxon ifake cishe u-50% we-hop bill. Beka ama-bittering hops kusenesikhathi (inketho ye-neutral high-alpha), engeza iSaxon emizuzwini eyi-10 bese u-flameout/whirlpool, bese womisa ngeSaxon izinsuku ezi-3-5. Hlanza cishe ngo-152–156°F (67–69°C) bese ubila ku-18–20°C (64–68°F).

Ingabe i-Saxon ingasetshenziswa ebhiyani elixubile noma elidala amabharele?

Yebo. Iphunga likaSaxon elivinjelwe neliyinkimbinkimbi lisebenza kahle kuma-saisons, obhiya obuxubile bokubilisela, kanye nobhiya obuneminyaka emigqonyeni lapho uhlamvu lwe-hop kungafanele lunqobe ama-phenolics aqhutshwa yimvubelo noma amanothi athathwe emigqonyeni. Sebenzisa imithamo ye-dry-hop egcinayo kanye nezikhathi ezimfushane zokuthintana ukuze uhlangane nobunzima obuqhutshwa yi-microbial kanye ne-oxidation.

I-chemistry yamanzi kanye nokushisa kwe-mash kufanele kulungiswe kanjani ukuze kusekelwe ukubonakaliswa kukaSaxon?

Isilinganiso se-chloride-to-sulfate esiphezulu kancane sigcizelela umzimba we-malt futhi sisiza ukuveza ama-hop aromatics endaweni eyindilinga. Ukushisa okuhlanganisiwe ebangeni eliphakathi (152–156°F / 67–69°C) kukhiqiza ukubila okulinganiselayo kanye nomzimba osele owanele ukusekela iphunga likaSaxon ngaphandle kokunciphisa umuzwa womlomo webhiya.

Ingabe kukhona izinyathelo zokugcina noma zokucubungula ezivikela ngqo uwoyela kaSaxon oshintshashintshayo?

Yebo. Omisa ngokushesha ama-hop ngemva kokuvuna, sebenzisa ama-bale angenawo umoya noma ahlanzwe nge-nitrogen, gcina ebanda noma eqandisiwe, futhi ukhethe ama-pellet noma ama-extract amasha uma kudingeka ukuthi agcinwe isikhathi eside. Nciphisa ukuvezwa komoya-mpilo ngesikhathi sokupakisha nokudlulisa. Kwabenzi bobhiya, engeza i-Saxon sekwephuzile futhi ugweme ukushisa ngokweqile noma izikhathi ezinde zokubilisa ukuze uvikele uwoyela othambile.

Ukuzalela kwesimanje kanye nezindlela zemboni kuthinta kanjani ukutholakala kanye nezici zeSaxon?

Izinhlelo zokuzalanisa zaseBrithani zigxila ekumelaneni nezifo, okungenayo okuphansi, kanye nokuhambisana kokuvuna ngomshini, okungathonya ukutholakala kanye nezici zezolimo zezinhlobo ezifana neSaxon. Imijikelezo yezimboni, ukushintshashintsha kwezindawo, kanye nesidingo semakethe sama-hops aqhutshwa yi-terroir kuthinta ukuphakelwa. Abalimi abathembekile nabathengisi be-hop basiza ekubhekaneni nokuguquguquka kwesizini.

Ukufunda Okuqhubekayo

Uma ukujabulele lokhu okuthunyelwe, ungaphinda uthande lezi ziphakamiso:

• Ama-Hops e-Beer Brewing: uLucan
• Ama-Hops Ekuphiseni Ubhiya: Early Bird
• Ama-Hops ku-Beer Brewing: I-Hersbrucker Pure