Hops a cikin Brewing: Cobb

Cikakkun bayanai na kusa da sabon koren Cobb hop cones tare da ƙwanƙolin ƙirƙira a cikin haske mai laushi mai laushi da blush bango. Karin bayani

A matsayin maɓalli mai mahimmanci a cikin giya na sana'a, Cobb ya yi fice a cikin al'adun turanci na gargajiya da na zamani. An fi amfani da hops na ƙamshi na Biritaniya, irin su Cobb, a cikin abubuwan da ake ƙarawa a ƙarshen kettle, busasshen busasshen hopping. Wannan yana ba su damar ba da gudummawar mai masu rauni. Nau'in yisti na zamani kuma na iya canza precursors na hop, yana bayyana ɗanɗanon 'ya'yan itace da furanni waɗanda suka dace da halayen Cobb.

Key Takeaways

• Cobb hops wani nau'in ƙamshin ƙamshi ne na Biritaniya tare da matsakaicin alpha acid (kimanin 5.0-6.7%).
• Yawanci ana amfani dashi azaman ƙarewa da ƙamshi mai ƙamshi a kusan kashi 20% na jimlar hop hop.
• Ya dace da ales na Ingilishi da girke-girke na giya masu sana'a waɗanda ke ba da fifikon rubutu na fure da ƙasa.
• Yana aiki da kyau a ƙarshen tarawa da bushewar hopping don haɓaka tasirin ƙamshi.
• Yisti biotransformation na iya haɓaka ɗiyan itacen Cobb da yuwuwar fure yayin fermentation.

Bayanin Cobb hops: asali, alpha acid, da halayen ƙamshi

Cobb hops ya samo asali ne daga Biritaniya, wani ɓangare na al'adar ƙamshin turanci iri-iri. Tushen su na Biritaniya yana nuna dalilin da ya sa suka fi dacewa don ƙarawa marigayi, ƙarewa, da ƙara ƙamshi, ba a matsayin babban hop mai ɗaci ba.

Cobb alpha acid suna da matsakaici, yawanci kusan 6%, tare da kewayo daga 5.0 zuwa 6.7%. Masu Brewers sukan yi amfani da Cobb kusan kashi 20% na lissafin hop a cikin gaurayawan. Wannan matakin alpha yana ba da kashin baya mai laushi ba tare da yin galaba akan ɓangarorin ba.

Bayanan ƙamshi na Cobb yana da alamun fure, ganye, da bayanin kula na citrus mai haske, irin na hops na Biritaniya. Waɗannan halayen sun sa Cobb ya zama manufa ga masu ɗaci, kodadde ales, da ales irin na Ingilishi. A nan, rikitacciyar dabara da daidaituwa sun fi mahimmanci fiye da dandano mai ƙarfi.

Canje-canjen ƙamshi mai yuwuwa yayin fermentation, godiya ga enzymes yisti da ke canza mafarin hop. Ƙunƙarar yisti tare da β-lyase mai ƙarfi ko aikin β-glucosidase na iya sakin thiols da terpene alcohols. Wannan ya canza yadda Cobb ke dandana a cikin giya da aka gama. Zaɓin yisti da zafin jiki na fermentation yana tasiri sosai ga ƙamshin Cobb na ƙarshe.

Yi amfani da Cobb don ƙamshi mai laushi a ƙarshen hopping, busassun busassun, ko ƙaramar magudanar ruwa. Bayanan martaba na hops na Biritaniya sun cika lissafin malt na gargajiya da yisti na al'ada. Wannan yana ba da damar bayanin kula na fure da na ganye su fito ba tare da lulluɓe halin malt ba.

Cobb hops a cikin sana'a na Amurka: shahara da amfani na kowa

Ana amfani da cobb hops galibi azaman hops na gamawa, ba don haushi ba. Suna bayyana a cikin rubuce-rubucen girke-girke guda huɗu, waɗanda aka yi amfani da su don ƙara marigayi kettle da busassun hopping. Wannan ya yi daidai da faffadan yanayin ƙamshin hop a cikin kasuwar Amurka.

Amfani da Cobb hops a cikin Amurka yana nuna gagarumin canji. Girke-girke yawanci sun haɗa da Cobb a kusan kashi 20, tare da kashi ɗaya cikin ɗari daga 12.1 zuwa 52.3 bisa dari. Ƙananan batches da matukin jirgi sukan yi amfani da kashi mafi girma don cimma takamaiman bayanin fure ko na ganye.

Masu sana'ar sana'a na Amurka sun ƙara yawan amfani da hop a cikin 2010s. Mutane da yawa yanzu sun fi son ƙarancin ƙarewa. Wannan yanayin yana bayyana alkuki na Cobb: yana ƙara fure, ɗanɗano mai laushi, da sautunan ganye waɗanda suka dace da hops na Amurka.

Masu shayarwa sukan haɗu da Cobb tare da wasu nau'ikan iri kamar Mosaic, Citra, ko Amarillo. Wannan haɗin yana kawo daidaito da rikitarwa mai rikitarwa. Yisti-kore biotransformation kuma na iya haɓaka 'ya'yan itacen Cobb a lokacin fermentation ko busasshen lamba.

Amfani da Cobb hop a cikin Amurka ya kasance mai sauƙi amma yana da mahimmanci ga masu sana'a masu neman bayanan ƙamshi na musamman. Kasancewar sa a cikin girke-girke da rawar da aka yi amfani da su a ƙarshen lokaci sun sa ya zama madaidaici a cikin abubuwan da suka fi shahara a tsakanin masana'antun gwaji da na gargajiya.

Kusa da giyan sana'ar zinari-amber tare da koren Cobb hop mazugi yana hutawa a kan kumfa mai dumi a cikin fitilun famfo. Karin bayani

Cobb hops: rawar noma da lokacin amfani da su

Ana amfani da Cobb galibi don ƙamshinsa. Zai fi dacewa don ƙarawa-kettle, ƙarewar guguwa, ko busasshiyar hopping a hankali. Wannan hanyar tana ɗaukar bayanan fure da na ganye. Masu shayarwa sukan yi amfani da shi don ƙayyadaddun nuances ɗinsa maimakon don haushi.

Don ƙarin ƙamshi na Cobb, yi nufin minti 10-20 ko a cikin magudanar ruwa. Wannan yana adana mai mai canzawa, yana mai da saɓo mai laushi. Ka guji ɗanɗanon ɗanɗanon ciyawa ta amfani da shi ta wannan hanyar. Alfa acid ɗinsa mara ƙarancin-zuwa-matsakaici ya sa bai dace da ɗaci da wuri ba.

Cobb ya dace don kammala hops. Ya yi fice a matakin ƙarshe na giya, yana haɓaka ƙamshi ba tare da ƙara ɗaci ba. Girke-girke sau da yawa sun haɗa da kusan 20% Cobb, haɗe tare da wani hop don kashin baya da mafi girma alpha acid.

Lokacin bushewar bushewa yana da mahimmanci don canjin yanayin halitta. Ƙara Cobb yayin fermentation mai aiki ko farkon post-fermentation yana ba da damar enzymes yisti don canza abubuwan da suka gabata. Zaɓin nau'in yisti da zafin jiki na fermentation yana rinjayar waɗannan juzu'i.

Don haɓakar ƙamshi mai tsafta, yi la'akari da ƙarshen cajin guguwa mai biye da ɗan gajeren busasshen hop a yanayin gefen sanyi. Wannan hanyar tana ba da kariya ga mahalli masu canzawa kuma tana tallafawa juyin halitta mai daɗin yisti. Yana da manufa don samun haske na fure-fure da bayanan ganye ba tare da ƙarin haushi ba.

• Late-kettle: kama citrus mai laushi da esters na fure.
• Whirlpool: ƙara yawan riƙe ƙamshi yayin da ake rage mahaɗin ganyayyaki.
• Lokacin bushewar bushewa: manufa da wuri bayan haifuwa don canjin yanayin halitta ko gefen sanyi don ƙamshi mai tsafta.

Lokacin haɗuwa, biyu Cobb tare da manyan-alpha iri kamar Citra ko Centennial. Yi amfani da shi azaman hop ɗin ƙarewa don haɓaka gaurayawan da ƙara yanayin fure irin na Ingilishi zuwa kodadde ales da barasa. Wannan hanya tana nuna ƙarfin Cobb yayin kiyaye daidaito.

Cobb hops dandano hade tare da malts da yeasts

Cobb yana haskakawa azaman ƙamshi lokacin da lissafin malt ya ba shi damar ficewa. Zaɓi tushe mai kodadde kamar Maris Otter ko jere biyu, kuma ku kiyaye hasken malts. Wannan saitin yana ba da damar bayanin kula na fure da na ganye su haskaka ba tare da gasassu ko caramel mai nauyi ya rufe su ba.

Malts na Turanci na gargajiya sun dace da Cobb da kyau don malt-gaba ales. Ƙananan adadin Crystal 40-60 L yana ƙara zaƙi da jiki, yana adana hop aromatics. Ka nisanta daga duhu ko gasasshen malts, saboda suna iya ɓoye ɓoyayyiyar hop nuances.

Haɗin gwiwar Cobb da yisti yana tasiri sosai ga ƙamshin giya. Zaɓi nau'ikan ale tare da babban aikin β-lyase don haɓaka 'ya'yan itace, bayanin kula na wurare masu zafi. Yin taki tsakanin 18-24 ° C sau da yawa yana haɓaka waɗannan sakin.

Yisti biotransformation za a iya inganta ta co-fermentations ko damuwa tare da babban enzymatic aiki. Hatsi mai lafiya wanda ke biye da balagagge mai sanyi a kusan 4 ° C yana taimakawa wajen kiyaye thiols masu canzawa.

• Yi amfani da 15-25% Cobb a cikin gaurayawan ƙarshen-hop don nuna ƙamshi ba tare da fin ƙarfin malt ba.
• Haɗa tare da Maris Otter ko daidaitaccen malt ɗin kodadde don daidaitaccen bayanin martaba irin na Ingilishi.
• Zaɓi nau'ikan ale tare da ƙananan guntun IRC7 don ƙarfafa hulɗar yisti na Cobb da magana thiol.

Abubuwan girke-girke yakamata su daidaita biotransformation na yisti da zaɓin malt don jituwa. Haɓaka malt mai tunani da hulɗar yisti na Cobb da aka yi niyya suna haifar da giya inda hop nuance, zurfin malt, da halayen haƙori suke cikin daidaitawa.

Salon giya gama gari waɗanda ke amfana daga Cobb hops

Cobb hops an san su da kamshi na fure da na ganye, tare da matsakaicin ɗaci. Sun dace da giya inda ƙamshi ke da maɓalli, ba tare da cin nasara ba. Wannan ya sa su dace da nau'ikan nau'ikan giya.

A cikin daular Ingilishi ales da masu ɗaci, ɗaci da ƙamshi na Cobb albarka ne. Yana haɓaka bayanin fure a cikin harshen Ingilishi kodadde ales da bitters, yana ƙara zurfin ba tare da mamaye dandanon malt ba.

Ga masu sana'a masu sana'a, Cobb gem ne a cikin kodadde ales. Zai fi kyau a yi amfani da shi azaman ƙarewa ko bushe-hop hop. Anan, yana fitar da bayanan ganye da na fure waɗanda ke dacewa da esters daga yisti na Amurka da haske na sauran hops.

cikin giya masu iya zama, Cobb yana ƙara ingantaccen taɓawa mai kamshi. Yawancin lokaci ana haɗa shi da Maris Otter ko malts crystal na Ingilishi. Wannan gauraya tana kiyaye ma'auni na al'ada yayin gabatar da dabarar hop mai dabara.

• Zaɓuɓɓukan gargajiya: Turanci kodadde ale, ɗaci, da ale zaman.
• Abubuwan amfani na zamani: kodadde ales, IPAs irin na Ingilishi, da gaurayewar kuɗaɗen bushe-bushe.
• Matsayin haɗe-haɗe: ƙare hop don haɓaka ƙamshin fure da na ganye.

Ga masu shayarwa da ke mai da hankali kan ƙamshi, Cobb babban ƙari ne ga haɗe-haɗe. Ya yi fice a cikin giya inda ƙamshi ya fi girma. Ya haɗu da kyau tare da nau'ikan Ingilishi na gargajiya da na zamani na Amurka.

Sharuɗɗan sashi na Cobb hops ta salon girka da amfani

Adadin Cobb hop ya bambanta dangane da rawar da yake takawa a cikin giya. Zai fi kyau a yi amfani da shi azaman ƙamshi da ƙarewa, ba azaman hop mai ɗaci na farko ba. Tare da alpha acid daga 5.0-6.7%, ana ɗaukarsa matsakaici-alpha iri-iri. Yawancin ƙari ya kamata a yi a ƙarshen kettle, whirlpool, da busassun matakan hop.

Yawanci, Cobb yana da kusan kashi 20% na jimlar lissafin hop a girke-girke. Wannan ma'auni yana taimakawa wajen sarrafa haushi yayin ƙara bayanin fure da citrus. Abubuwan da ke daɗa ɗaci na farko ya kamata su kasance masu matsakaici. Yi amfani da mafi girma-alpha hops don yawancin IBUs, sannan ƙara Cobb marigayi don hali.

Masu shayarwa na gida sukan yi amfani da 0.5-2 oz/gal don ƙarin ƙari da bushewa, ya danganta da ƙarfin giya da ƙanshin da ake so. Masu sana'ar sana'a suna amfani da kusan 0.5-1.5 lb kowace ganga don kammala ƙari, daidaitawa ta salo da maƙasudin ƙarfi.

• Pale ales da IPAs: tagomashi 12-52% na jimlar yawan hop a matsayin marigayi/whirlpool tare da busasshen kashi. Daidaita farashin Cobb hop don jaddada ƙamshi ba tare da tura haushi ba.
• Bitters da ales irin na Biritaniya: yi amfani da ƙananan adadin masu ɗaci da wuri, sannan 0.5-1.0 lb kowace ganga daidai don ƙarewa.
• Stouts da malty giya: kiyaye Cobb a matsayin lafazi mai dabara. Ƙididdigar ƙananan ƙira suna kiyaye ma'aunin malt kuma bari citrus mai laushi ya ɗaga bayanin martaba.

Jagoran bushe-bushe a cikin sharuɗɗan kasuwanci yakan karanta 3-5 g/L. Ga masu aikin gida, wannan yana fassara zuwa kusan 0.5-2 oz/gal, dangane da tsananin ƙamshin da ake so. Gwada a cikin ƙananan batches don nemo ma'auni daidai tsakanin haske da halayen ganye.

Lokacin ƙididdige bittering, lissafin alpha acid bambancin. Yi amfani da abubuwan tarawa na farko masu ra'ayin mazan jiya kuma tattara yawancin Cobb hops a cikin tukwane mai ƙarewa da matakan bushewa. Zaɓin yisti da zafin jiki na fermentation zai shafi canjin yanayi na mai na hop, don haka daidaita lokaci tare da nau'in da kuke shirin amfani da shi.

Bibiyar zaɓin zaɓin sashi na Cobb hop a cikin girke-girke. Fara tare da matsakaicin ƙimar hopping, sannan daidaita abubuwan da suka makara dangane da dandanawa. Wannan hanyar tana kiyaye sakamako daidai lokacin da ake bincika nawa Cobb hops ke siffata kowane abin sha.

Cikakkun bayanai na kusa da Cobb hop cones suna nuna koren bracts da glandan lupulin na zinari a ƙarƙashin haske mai dumi. Karin bayani

Siffofin sarrafa Cobb hops: gabaɗayan mazugi, pellets, da tsantsa

Masu shayarwa suna da zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa idan ya zo ga Cobb hops. Kowane tsari yana tasiri sarrafa, ajiya, da ƙamshi a cikin fermenter.

Cikakken mazugi Cobb yana da kyau ga ƴan ƙanana masu shayarwa waɗanda ke darajar sabo da mai. Yana da sauƙin dubawa kuma cikakke don busassun hopping a cikin kegs ko ƙananan fermenters.

Cobb hop pellets sun fi kyau don samarwa da yawa. Suna ba da daidaiton allurai da ƙaramin ajiya. Pellets suna rushewa cikin wort, suna sakin alpha acid amintacce. Har ila yau, suna rage girman kai da sauƙaƙe canja wuri a cikin tsarin giya na zamani.

Abubuwan da ake samu na Hop don masu sana'a ne na kasuwanci masu buƙatar sarrafa alpha-acid da ƙarancin kayan lambu. Cire ƙamshi da samfuran nau'ikan CO2 suna adana ƙayyadaddun ɓangarorin da ba su da ƙarfi don ƙarin ƙari da ƙari bayan fermentation.

• Zaɓi gabaɗayan mazugi Cobb don ƙamshi mai ƙamshi, yuwuwar canjin yanayin halitta, da kayan hop na bayyane.
• Zaɓi pellets na Cobb hop don daidaitaccen ɗaci, sauƙin sikeli, da ingantacciyar kwanciyar hankali a cikin matsatsun wurare.
• Zaɓi tsantsar hop lokacin da kuke buƙatar madaidaicin sarrafa alpha, ƙwanƙwasa mai tsafta, da ƙananan tsumma a cikin babban ƙarar gudu.

Adana da sarrafawa suna da mahimmanci, fiye da tsarin kanta. Ma'ajiyar sanyi da ƙarancin iskar oxygen suna adana mai a cikin mazugi, pellets, da tsantsa. Don mafi kyawun ƙanshi, iyakance zafi da haske.

Ƙananan masu sana'a sukan fi son mazugi Cobb gabaɗaya don ƙarin ƙari da bushewar hopping. Kamfanonin samar da giya sun yarda da pellets na Cobb hop don allurai da tacewa. Manyan ayyuka sun dogara da abubuwan hop don daidaita bayanan martaba da rage lokacin sarrafawa.

Zaɓi tsarin hop dangane da kayan aikinku, girman tsari, da tsare-tsaren tacewa. Zaɓin tunani yana tabbatar da ƙamshi na musamman da Cobb ke kawo wa barasa na Amurka ana kiyaye su.

Hop pairings: nau'ikan hop iri-iri don haɗawa da Cobb

Cobb yawanci yana da kusan kashi 20% na haɗaɗɗen hop. Masu shayarwa sukan tsara abubuwan haɗin gwiwar su a kusa da shi. Don kashin bayan fure da na ganye, haɗa Cobb tare da Gabashin Kent Goldings ko Fuggle. Waɗannan ƙamshi na Biritaniya suna haɓaka ƙamshin ƙamshin ƙasa da bayanin fure yayin da suke kiyaye halayen Cobb.

Don ƙara haske da citrus ko bayanin kula na wurare masu zafi, haɗa Cobb tare da Cascade, Amarillo, ko Belma. Waɗannan nau'ikan nau'ikan Amurkawa suna gabatar da orange na zesty, innabi, da sautunan 'ya'yan itacen dutse. Suna haskaka Cobb ba tare da rinjayar ƙamshinsa ba. Yi amfani da su a cikin ƙari na gaba ko yayin busassun matakan busassun busassun ruwa.

Don tsari mai ƙarfi mai ɗaci, fara da manyan hops masu ɗaci kamar Columbus, Nugget, ko Apollo. Ajiye Cobb don marigayi hops don daidaita ƙaƙƙarfan ɗaci tare da ƙamshi mai ƙamshi. Wannan hanyar tana tabbatar da cewa Cobb ya kasance ƙarshen taɓawa maimakon kashin baya mai ɗaci.

Yi la'akari da nau'ikan masu wadatar thiol da kayan kamshi na zamani don canjin yanayin halitta mai yisti. Nelson Sauvin, Citra, Mosaic, ko Galaxy ƙara thiol precursors da terpenes 'ya'yan itace. Waɗannan suna amsawa tare da bayyanannen Ingilishi da yeasts na Amurka. Haɗin haɗawar Cobb don bayanin fure/gaye tare da abokin tarayya mai wadatar thiol yana haifar da ɗagawa mai rikitarwa na wurare masu zafi bayan fermentation.

Ana iya haɗa abokan haɗin gwiwar Cobb masu amfani ta hanyar rawa:

• Kashin bayan fure/gaye: Gabashin Kent Goldings, Fuggle, Bramling Cross
• Citrus/ dagawa na wurare masu zafi: Cascade, Amarillo, Belma, Citra
• Taimako mai ɗaci: Columbus, Nugget, Apollo, Bravo
• Thiol/Raunin 'ya'yan itace: Nelson Sauvin, Mosaic, Galaxy

Fara da Cobb a kusan 15-25% na lissafin hop kuma daidaita sauran abubuwan don dandana. Gwada ƙananan batches na matukin jirgi da kari don nemo yadda kowane madaidaicin hop ke canza ƙamshi, ɗanɗano, da canji mai haifar da haki.

Makusanci har yanzu rayuwar Cobb hop cones tare da lupulin zinare, bines cascading, da ganga na katako a cikin hasken rustic mai dumi. Karin bayani

Ra'ayoyin girke-girke masu nuna Cobb hops: shawarwari-zuwa-kwalba

Fara da girke-girke na Cobb guda huɗu, kama daga na gargajiya zuwa na zamani. Wani Baƙar fata Ale na Ingilishi yana ɗaukar Maris Otter malt tare da 5-10% crystal 20-40L. Mash a 152 °F don cikakken jiki da jin daɗin baki. Daci tare da Columbus ko Nugget da wuri, sannan ƙara Cobb a ƙarshen tafasa.

Don girke-girke na Cobb bushe-hop, yi amfani da 0.25-0.5 oz/gal don haɓaka ƙamshi.

Wani zama mai ɗaci yana kula da tushen malt iri ɗaya amma yana rage nauyi na asali zuwa 1.038-1.044. Yi amfani da ƙarin haske mai ƙarewa na Cobb don adana halayen Ingilishi. Nufin a hankali ɗaci da kamewar hop wanda ya dace da malt.

Ba'amurke kodadde yana amfani da ƙwanƙolin malt tushe tare da ƙaramin lu'ulu'u. Daci tare da Bravo ko Apollo da wuri. Ƙara Cobb a cikin whirlpool a 160 ° F na minti 15-20 don kama mai maras tabbas. Yi amfani da girke-girke na Cobb kodadde ale tare da ƙarar kettle da kuma cakuda bushe-bushe inda Cobb ke kusan kashi 20% na lissafin bushe-hop.

Don iri-iri, gwada giya na Cobb guda-hop. Yi amfani da yisti mai tsaka tsaki, tsaftataccen fermentation a 18-20 ° C, da malt mai sauƙi don haskaka dandano hop. Ƙirƙiri abubuwan da suka makara da busassun busassun mataki guda na 0.5–1 oz/gal don nuna hop.

• Yawan hadawa na yau da kullun: nufin hops don wakiltar kusan kashi 15-25% na jimlar gudummawar ƙamshi a cikin girke-girke masu gauraya.
• Abubuwan da aka makara a kettle/pool a ƙananan zafin jiki suna kare ƙaƙƙarfan mai da bayanin kula na fure.
• Lokacin bushe-bushe: haɗuwa a ƙarshen haifuwa ko sanyin wuri don fifita ɗauka da juyawa.

Yi amfani da zaɓin yisti don haɓaka 'ya'yan itacen da aka samu daga thiol. Zaɓi nau'in ale tare da sanannen aikin β-lyase kuma kauce wa damuwa tare da yanke IRC7 lokacin neman maganganun thiol. Yi la'akari da haɗin gwiwa tare da nau'ikan da ba Saccharomyces ba waɗanda ke da babban aikin β-lyase don ƙarin rikitarwa.

Yi zafi tsakanin 18-22 ° C don inganta canjin enzymatic. Wani ɗan gajeren sanyi a zafin jiki na 4 ° C har zuwa kwanaki biyar zai iya tattara thiols. Lokaci girke-girke na Cobb dry-hop don haka kari ya mamaye ƙarshen wutsiya na aiki ko kwanakin farko na yanayin kwantar da hankali don haɓaka biotransformation.

Haɗa nau'ikan hop don daidaitawa. A cikin gine-ginen APA/IPA na zamani, bari Cobb ya samar da kashin baya na fure-fure yayin da Citra ko Mosaic ke ba da gudummawar bayanin kula na wurare masu zafi. Rike Cobb a kusan 15-25% na lissafin bushe-bushe don rikitarwa ba tare da rinjaye ba.

Yi amfani da waɗannan tsarin dunƙusa-zuwa-kwalba don daidaita kuɗin hatsi, hops masu ɗaci, da matakan bushe-bushe don saitin gidan ku ko saitin gida. Kowane tsarin ya dace da maƙasudi: nuna Cobb a cikin giya na Cobb guda-hop, gina daidaitaccen girke-girke na Cobb kodadde ale, ko ƙera matasan tare da ainihin girke-girke na Cobb bushe-hop.

Nasihu masu amfani lokacin yin aiki tare da Cobb hops

Yi amfani da Cobb hops don halayen ƙanshin su. Rarraba yawancin hops don ƙarin tafasa a ƙarshen, magudanar ruwa a 70-80 ° C, da busassun hopping. Wannan hanyar tana adana mai da ba ta da ƙarfi kuma tana haɓaka dandano yayin sanyaya.

Nuna 15-25% na jimlar cajin hop na Cobb a cikin gaurayawan. Wannan ma'auni yana ba da izinin hops mai ɗaci yayin da Cobb ke mamaye ƙanshi. Don busassun hopping, raba kari don kiyaye sabo.

Zaɓi pellet hops don daidaito da sauƙin ajiya. Ajiye hops sanyi kuma a cikin yanayin da ba shi da iskar oxygen don adana sabo. Kulawa da kyau na Cobb hops yana rage asarar mai kuma yana kiyaye ƙamshinsu na gaske.

Ƙayyade abubuwan da ke tafasa da wuri don guje wa cire thiols da monoterpenes. Yi amfani da tagar magudanar ruwa don cire ƙamshi ba tare da rasa maɓalli masu mahimmanci ba.

• Zaɓi nau'in yisti tare da aiki mai ƙarfi na β-lyase don ingantaccen thiol biotransformation. Wannan yana haɓaka ƙamshin Cobb ta hanyar fermentation.
• Rike yanayin zafi tsakanin 18-24 ° C don mafi kyawun sakin thiol. Zazzabi mai zafi na iya canza bayanan martaba na thiol, don haka tsara zafin fermentation ɗin ku dangane da salon da kuke so.
• Rage lambar tagulla a cikin layin sarrafawa. Copper na iya rage wasu thiols kamar 4MMP da tsananin ƙamshi mara kyau.

Bayan fermentation sanyi maturation na iya tattara thiols da daidaita ƙamshin hop. Yi la'akari da ƙara ƙananan enzymes, irin su cystathionine β-lyase, don ƙarin sakin thiol. Yi hankali da matsakaicin riba kuma saka idanu akan sakamako a hankali.

Idan ba a samu Cobb ba, maye gurbin da irin ƙamshi na Biritaniya waɗanda ke raba bayanin fure da na ganye. Daidaita farashin dangane da abun cikin mai da alpha acid don dacewa da gudummawar da aka yi niyya.

Kula da ɗaukar iskar oxygen hop yayin busasshen hopping don aikin cellar mai amfani. Yi amfani da rufaffiyar canja wuri da iskar gas don kare ƙamshi. Waɗannan matakan suna taimakawa wajen adana ƙamshi da haɓaka gudummawar Cobb a cikin giya da aka gama.

ƙwararrun mashawarcin giya a hankali yana auna gabaɗayan mazugi Cobb hops tare da ƙara su zuwa tukunyar tukunyar jan karfe mai tururi tare da tankunan bakin karfe a bango. Karin bayani

La'akari na nazari: alpha acid, mai, da saɓanin da ake sa ran

Masu shayarwa yakamata suyi la'akari da bambancin alfa na Cobb a matsayin mahimmin tsari mai amfani. Yawan alpha acid na Cobb yana kusa da 6%, tare da jeri kusa da 5.0-6.7%. Wannan matsakaicin kewayon yana nufin ainihin batch alpha na iya canza girke-girke mai ɗaci.

Yin amfani da bayanan nazari na hop daga takaddun shaida na masu kaya ko ayyukan lab yana taimakawa da kyau-daidaita kari mai ɗaci. Pelleting da sauran matakan sarrafawa suna canza tsarin mai na hop, yana shafar ƙimar haɓaka lokacin tafasa da bushewar hop. Daidaita ƙari dangane da ƙimar alpha acid da ƙimar mai yana haifar da ƙarin daidaiton IBUs da tasirin ƙanshi.

Haɗin mai na Hop ya bambanta ta yanayi da yankin girma. Maɓalli masu mahimmanci kamar myrcene, humulene, da linalool suna bayyana aikin ƙamshi. Ƙananan canje-canje a cikin waɗannan mahadi suna tasiri sosai yadda hops ke kasancewa a cikin ƙarar kettle da bushewar hopping.

Abubuwan sinadarai a cikin hops suna da mahimmanci don haɓakar halittu yayin fermentation. Thiol precursors, ciki har da glutathionylated da cysteinylated siffofin, da terpene glycosides suna da daban-daban taro a fadin girbi. Ƙananan juzu'i ne kawai ke canzawa zuwa thiols kyauta a cikin giya, sau da yawa a cikin kewayon 0.1-0.5%.

Zaɓin yisti da yanayin ƙwanƙwasa yana tasiri ƙimar juyawa. Matsala tare da nau'in nau'in IRC7 mai aiki da ingantaccen bayanan martaba na enzymatic na iya haɓaka sakin thiols masu canzawa. Batches na matukin jirgi da gwaje-gwaje na gwaje-gwaje suna taimakawa kimanta ainihin sakamako kafin a daidaita girke-girke.

Kyakkyawan kula da ingancin hop ya ƙunshi haɗa bayanan nazarin hop da aka gwada tare da duban hankali. Bibiyar takaddun shaida na alpha acid, bitar rahotannin abun da ke tattare da mai, da samfurin sabbin kuri'a a cikin abubuwan gwaji. Wannan tsarin yana rage abubuwan mamaki kuma yana goyan bayan sakamako mai maimaitawa.

• Auna batch alpha don daidaita ƙari masu ɗaci.
• Kwatanta abun da ke tattare da man hop a tsakanin kuri'a don tsara ƙamshi.
• Yi amfani da fermentation na matukin jirgi don auna yuwuwar canjin halittu.
• Kiyaye takaddun shaida na mai kaya da yin gwaje-gwajen ingancin cikin gida.

Cobb hops dorewa da kuma samo asali

Cobb hops ya samo asali ne daga Biritaniya, yana mai da samun ƙalubale a Amurka. Masu shayarwa sukan dogara ga masu shigo da kaya ko ƙwararrun masu rarrabawa. Waɗanda ke amfani da Cobb a ƙimar girke-girke na 20% sun fi son ƙarami, daidaitaccen jigilar kayayyaki sama da manyan oda.

Mayar da hankali ga hops mai dorewa yana girma a cikin masana'antu. Dabarun zamani kamar pelletization da vacuum ko marufi na nitrogen suna rage lalacewa da tsawaita rayuwa. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don jigilar hops daga Burtaniya zuwa masana'antar giya ta Amurka.

Zaɓin ayyuka masu ɗorewa kuma na iya amfanar muhalli. Dabaru irin su yisti biotransformation, da aka keɓance yanayin haifuwa, da zaɓin ƙari na enzymatic na iya haɓaka ingancin ƙamshi. Wannan yana sa sayan hop ya zama mai dorewa.

Binciken cryo hops ko kayan da aka tattara kuma na iya zama mai tsada. Waɗannan nau'ikan suna rage nauyin sufuri da ƙarar, mai yuwuwar rage sawun carbon da ke da alaƙa da shigo da nisa mai nisa.

Lokacin samo Cobb a cikin gida, yana da mahimmanci don bincika gaskiyar mai siyarwa akan ayyukan noma da ganowa. Nemi game da ban ruwa, amfani da magungunan kashe qwari, da walwalar ma'aikata don tallafawa masu noman da ke da alhakin.

Matakan da suka dace sun haɗa da yin odar ƙarami akai-akai, adana hops a cikin sanyi, yanayin rashin iskar oxygen, da ƙungiyoyin horarwa don haɓaka haɓakar ƙamshi. Wadannan ayyuka suna taimakawa wajen kiyaye inganci yayin da ake neman ci gaba mai dorewa.

Cobb hops

Cobb hops sun samo asali ne daga Burtaniya kuma ana amfani da su musamman don ƙamshinsu. Suna da matsakaicin abun ciki na alpha acid, yawanci tsakanin 5.0-6.7%. A cikin girke-girke, masu shayarwa sukan yi amfani da kusan kashi 20% na hops a matsayin Cobb don cimma daidaiton salon Ingilishi.

cikin shayarwa ta Biritaniya, Cobb ya cika bayanin fure, na ganye, da na ƙasa. Yana da manufa don kammala ales, bitters, da kodadde ales. Don daidaita dandano, masu shayarwa za su iya haɗa shi da sauran Goldings-family hops ko irin ƙanshin Amurka.

Zabin yisti da yanayin fermentation yana rinjayar dandano na ƙarshe na Cobb. Yisti enzymes na iya canza abubuwan da ke gaba a cikin hop, suna sakin thiols masu hankali da ƙamshi na fure. Yayin da akwai sakin thiol kai tsaye, takamaiman nau'in yisti ko matakan da aka yi niyya ana buƙatar don ƙarin fa'ida.

• Asalin: Burtaniya, manufar ƙanshi.
• Alpha acid: matsakaici, ~ 6% (kewaye ~ 5.0-6.7%).
• Raba girke-girke na yau da kullun: kusan 20% na jimlar hops da aka yi amfani da su.
• Abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su: akwai a cikin girke-girke na kasuwanci da yawa.

Don amfani mai amfani, ƙara Cobb a ƙarshen tafasa ko a busassun hop don adana daɗin ɗanɗanonsa. Ƙananan canje-canje a cikin zafin fermentation da nau'in yisti na iya yin tasiri sosai ga gudunmawar kamshin sa.

Kammalawa

Ƙarshen Cobb hops: Cobb wani ƙamshi ne na Biritaniya tare da matsakaicin alpha acid kusan 6%. Yana haskakawa a gamawa da bushewar hopping, ba a matsayin babban haushi ba. Ware kusan kashi 20% na lissafin hop ɗin ku zuwa Cobb don ƙamshi, ta amfani da mafi girma-alpha hops don haushi.

Ya dace da ales irin na Ingilishi, kodadde ales, da sauran giya masu kamshi. Masu shayarwa sukan haɗa Cobb da Magnum ko Target don haushi. Hakanan suna ƙara Gabashin Kent Goldings ko Fuggle don ƙarin ƙamshi. Yisti na zamani da sarrafa fermentation suna haɓaka ƙamshi ta hanyar canza yanayin halitta, kodayake yawan amfanin ƙasa yana da ƙanƙanta.

Don ƙamshi mafi kyau, yi amfani da maƙarƙashiyar kettle ko ƙari da jaddawalin bushewa da aka yi niyya. Kula da zafin fermentation kuma zaɓi yeasts mai bayyanawa. Wannan hanya tana haɓaka yanayin furen Cobb da na ganye yayin kasancewa mai dacewa da kasafin kuɗi. Yana tabbatar da daidaiton haɓakar ƙamshi ba tare da karya banki ba.

Karin Karatu

Idan kuna jin daɗin wannan sakon, kuna iya kuma son waɗannan shawarwari:

• Hops a cikin Beer Brewing: Zeus
• Hops a Biya Brewing: Banner
• Hops a Biya Brewing: Sterling