Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Wokukhulisa Izitshalo Zakho Zesinaphi

Izitshalo zesinaphi eziqhakazile ezinamahlamvu aluhlaza okotshani kanye nezimbali eziphuzi ezikhula engadini enelanga.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Izitshalo ze-mustard zingezomndeni wakwaBrassica. Zikhiqiza amaqabunga adliwayo kanye nembewu eba izinhlobo ze-mustard ephuzi ezivamile kanye nezinhlobo ze-mustard ezinsundu ezibabayo esizithandayo. Abalimi basekhaya bayawazisa ama-mustard ngenxa yomjikelezo wawo wokukhula okusheshayo kanye nezidingo ezincane zokunakekelwa.

Lo mhlahlandlela ophelele ukuqondisa kukho konke okudingekayo ukuze utshale izitshalo zesinaphi ezichumayo. Uzofunda ngokukhetha izinhlobo ezahlukene, izimo zokukhula ezifanele, kanye namasu okuvuna. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ufuna imifino yesinaphi emisha yamasaladi noma imbewu yezinongo ezenziwe ekhaya, lo mhlahlandlela unikeza imephu ephelele yempumelelo.

Ukuqonda Izinhlobo Nezinhlobo Zezitshalo Zesinaphi

Izitshalo ze-mustard ziza ngezinhlobo eziningana ezihlukene. Uhlobo ngalunye lunikeza izici ezihlukile engadini yakho. Ukuqonda lokhu kungafani kukusiza ukuthi ukhethe i-mustard efanele imigomo yakho yokukhula kanye nezimo zezulu.

Izitsha ezintathu zobumba ezigcwele imbewu yesinaphi ephuzi, ensundu, nemnyama zihlelwe etafuleni lokhuni lasemaphandleni elinembewu esakazekile kanye nezipuni ezincane zokhuni.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

I-Mustard Ephuzi (i-Sinapis alba)

I-mustard ephuzi ikhiqiza imbewu yesinaphi ephuzi ephuzi ejwayelekile. Lolu hlobo lukhula ngokushesha futhi lubekezelela ukushisa kangcono kunezinye izinhlobo. Izitshalo zifinyelela ubude obungamamitha angu-2-3 nezimbali eziphuzi ezikhanyayo. Imbewu ivuthwa ezinsukwini ezingu-85-90 futhi idale ukunambitheka kwesinaphi okuphuzi okujwayelekile.

Abalimi bathanda i-mustard ephuzi ngenxa yemvelo yayo ethethelelayo. Amaqabunga anambitheka kamnandi kunezinye izinhlobo. Lokhu kuwenza afaneleke kakhulu kumasaladi amasha namasangweji. I-mustard ephuzi ivumelana kahle nezinhlobo ezahlukene zenhlabathi kanye nezimo zokukhula.

Ukusondela kwesitshalo se-Yellow Mustard (i-Sinapis alba) esinezimbali eziphuzi ezikhanyayo namaqabunga aluhlaza akhula engadini yezitshalo ekhanyiswe yilanga.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

I-mustard ensundu (i-Brassica juncea)

I-mustard ensundu idala imbewu yesinaphi ensundu ebabayo esetshenziswa ekulungiseleleni okuningi okumnandi. Lezi zitshalo zikhula ngamandla futhi zikhiqize amaqabunga amakhulu, anobunjwa. Imbewu ithwala ukushisa okuningi kunezinhlobo eziphuzi futhi ikhula ezinsukwini ezingama-90-95.

Lolu hlobo luhamba phambili ezindaweni ezipholile. Ukunambitheka kokuqala kwe-mustard okunsundu okubabayo kuvela kulezi zimbewu. Izitshalo ze-mustard ezinsundu zingafinyelela ubude obungamamitha angu-4-5. Ukukhula kwazo okuqinile kuzenza zilungele kokubili ukukhiqizwa kwembewu namaqabunga.

Umbono oseduze wesitshalo sesinaphi esinsundu esinamaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani akhula enhlabathini ecebile engadini.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

I-Black Mustard (i-Brassica nigra)

I-Black mustard ikhiqiza imbewu ebukhali kakhulu ngokushisa okukhulu. Lezi zitshalo zikhula endle ezindaweni eziningi futhi zifinyelela ukuphakama okumangalisayo okungamamitha angu-1.5-1.5. Imbewu incane kodwa inephunga elinamandla kakhulu kuzo zonke izinhlobo ze-mustard.

Ukutshala i-mustard emnyama kudinga isikhala esiningi ngenxa yobude bayo obude. Izitshalo zikhiqiza izimbali eziningi eziphuzi kulandelwe yizingxenyana zembewu. Imbewu ivuthwa ezinsukwini eziyi-100-110 futhi idale amalungiselelo endabuko e-mustard ashisayo.

Isithombe esiseduze sendawo yesitshalo se-Black Mustard (Brassica nigra) esinezimbali eziphuzi ezikhanyayo ezikhula engadini yezitshalo ezikhanyiswe yilanga.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Imifino Yama-mustard ase-Asia

Izinhlobo zesinaphi zase-Asia zigxila ekukhiqizweni kwamaqabunga kunembewu. Izinhlobo ezidumile zifaka phakathi i-mizuna, i-komatsuna, kanye ne-red giant mustard greens. Lezi zitshalo zikhula ngokushesha futhi zinikeza isivuno esiningi phakathi nesizini.

Ukunambitheka kuyahlukahluka kusukela kokuthambile kuya kokunonga. Ama-mustard ase-Asia abekezelela ukushisa nokubanda kangcono kunezinhlobo zendabuko. Izinhlobo eziningi zengeza imibala emihle engadini yakho ngamaqabunga ansomi, abomvu, noma anombala ohlukahlukene.

Isithombe sendawo esinekhwalithi ephezulu somugqa wemifino ye-mustard yase-Asia enamaqabunga anombala onsomi akhula embhedeni wengadi yemifino ombozwe nge-peat.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Ukudala Izimo Ezifanele Zokukhula Kwezitshalo Zesinaphi

I-mustard iyachuma uma inikezwa izimo ezithile zemvelo. Lezi zitshalo zithanda isimo sezulu esipholile kanye nomswakama ohlala njalo. Ukuqonda izidingo zazo kuqinisekisa ukukhula okunamandla kanye nesivuno esiningi esivela engadini yakho ye-mustard.

Izidingo Zesimo Sezulu Nezinga Lokushisa

Izitshalo zesinaphi zisebenza kahle kakhulu ezinkathini ezipholile. Izinga lokushisa elifanele liphakathi kuka-45-75°F. Lezi zitshalo zikhula ngokushesha lapho amazinga okushisa edlula u-80°F njalo. Lokhu kwenza intwasahlobo kanye nekwindla kube yizinkathi zokukhula eziyinhloko ezindaweni eziningi.

Ukubekezelelana kokubanda kuyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo. Izinhlobo eziningi zesinaphi zimelana nesithwathwa esincane kuze kufike ku-28°F. Ezinye izinhlobo zase-Asia zibekezelela ngisho namazinga okushisa abandayo. Ezimweni ezipholile, ungatshala isinaphi phakathi nezinyanga zasebusika ukuze uthole isivuno esiqhubekayo.

Isimo sezulu esishisayo sibangela izinkinga eziningana ezitshalweni zesinaphi. Amaqabunga aba muncu futhi aqine. Izitshalo ziyashesha ukuqhakaza futhi zikhiqize izimbali esikhundleni sokuqhubeka nokukhula kwamaqabunga. Imbewu nayo ikhula ngokushesha kodwa ingaba nokunambitheka okunciphile ekushiseni okukhulu.

Isithombe sendawo esine-engeli ephansi sezitshalo ezincane zesinaphi ezinempilo ezikhula ngemigqa ecocekile engadini yemifino ekhanyiswe yilanga enenhlabathi emnyama, egobile kanye nesizinda esiluhlaza esifiphele kancane.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Izidingo Zokukhanya Kwelanga Ukuze Kukhule Kahle

Ilanga eligcwele liveza imiphumela emihle kakhulu yokutshala isinaphi. Izitshalo zidinga amahora angu-6-8 okukhanya kwelanga okuqondile nsuku zonke. Lokhu kukhuthaza ukukhula kwesiqu esinamandla kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamaqabunga aqinile. Ilanga eligcwele liphinde lisize ekuvimbeleni ukukhula okunama-legged futhi likhuthaze ukwakheka kwezitshalo ezincane.

Umthunzi ongaphelele usebenza kahle ezindaweni ezifudumele. Umthunzi wantambama ungandisa isikhathi sokukhula lapho amazinga okushisa enyuka. Izitshalo ezithola amahora angu-4-6 elanga zisakhiqiza isivuno esihle kodwa zingakhula kancane. Umthunzi uba usizo kakhulu ekutshalweni kwehlobo.

Izitshalo zesinaphi ezinezimbali eziphuzi ezikhula emthunzini oyingxenye, zikhanyiswa ukukhanya kwelanga okuthambile okunamabala endaweni eluhlaza okotshani.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Ukwakheka Komhlabathi kanye Namazinga e-pH

I-mustard ijwayele izinhlobo ezahlukene zenhlabathi kodwa ithanda inhlabathi enamanzi amaningi. Izitshalo zikhula ngempumelelo enhlabathini enesihlabathi, enhlabathini enobumba, kanye nasenhlabathini ejwayelekile yengadi. Ukukhipha amanzi kahle kuvimbela ukubola kwezimpande nezinye izifo ezihlobene nomswakama.

Uhla lwe-pH olufanele kakhulu lokutshala i-mustard luphakathi kuka-6.0 no-7.5. Inhlabathi ene-acid encane noma engathathi hlangothi isekela ukumuncwa kwezakhamzimba. Hlola inhlabathi yakho ngaphambi kokutshala usebenzisa ikhithi elula yokuhlola yasekhaya. Lungisa i-pH uma kudingeka usebenzisa i-lime ukuze ukhulise noma i-sulfur ibe semazingeni aphansi.

Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi kwenza umehluko omkhulu ekusebenzeni kwezitshalo. Faka umquba noma umquba ogugile phezulu ngamasentimitha angu-6-8 ngaphambi kokutshala. Lokhu kuthuthukisa isakhiwo senhlabathi futhi kunikeze izakhamzimba zokuqala. Izitshalo ze-mustard azizona ezondla kakhulu kodwa ziyakwazisa ukuzala okuphakathi.

Gwema inhlabathi ehlanganisiwe evimbela ukukhula kwezimpande. Lima noma uphendule inhlabathi kahle ngaphambi kokutshala. Susa amatshe, udoti, kanye namahlumela amakhulu. Umgomo inhlabathi ekhululekile, ethambile izimpande ezingangena kalula kuyo.

Izandla eziseduze ezifakwe ezinkomishini zibambe inhlabathi emnyama yomquba enembewu yesinaphi ephuzi phezulu, zilungele ukutshalwa.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Ukuhlolwa Kwenhlabathi Okubalulekile

Ukuhlolwa kwenhlabathi okunembile kwembula amazinga e-pH kanye nokuqukethwe kwezakhamzimba. Lolu lwazi luqondisa ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi yakho kanye nokukhetha umanyolo. Amakhithi okuhlola anikeza imiphumela ngemizuzu embalwa ngaphandle kokuhlaziywa kwelabhorethri.

Ikhithi yokuhlola i-pH yomhlabathi enhlabathini engadini eceleni kweshadi lombala we-pH eliqokomisa ububanzi obufanele be-mustard, nezitshalo ze-mustard ngemuva.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Izinto Okucatshangwa Ngazo Ngezindawo Zesimo Sezulu

• Izindawo 3-5: Tshala isinaphi ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo ngemuva kwesithwathwa sokugcina noma ngasekupheleni kwehlobo ukuze kuvunwe ekwindla
• Izindawo 6-7: Jabulela ukutshala kwentwasahlobo nekwindla ngezinkathi zokukhula ezinde
• Izindawo 8-9: Gxila ekwindla kuze kube sentwasahlobo ukuze ugweme ukushisa kwehlobo
• Izindawo 10-11: Khulisa isinaphi phakathi nezinyanga zasebusika lapho amazinga okushisa ehlala epholile

Amafreyimu abandayo kanye nesembozo semigqa kwandisa isikhathi sokukhula ezindaweni ezisenyakatho. Lezi zakhiwo ezilula zivikela izitshalo eqhweni lokuqala nelokugcina. Ziphinde zilinganisele ukuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa okungacindezela izitshalo zesinaphi.

Abalimi baseningizimu bayazuza ngokutshala ngokulandelana phakathi nezinyanga ezipholile. Hlwanyela imbewu entsha njalo emavikini ama-2-3 kusukela ekwindla kuya entwasahlobo. Le ndlela inikeza isivuno esiqhubekayo phakathi nenkathi yokukhula ende.

Imiyalelo Yokutshala I-Mustard Ngesinyathelo Ngesinyathelo

Amasu okutshala afanele asungula izitshalo ze-mustard eziqinile kusukela ekuqaleni. Ukulandela lezi zinyathelo ezinemininingwane kuqinisekisa ukuhluma okuhle kanye nokukhula kwezithombo okunempilo. Imbewu ye-mustard ihluma ngokushesha futhi idinga ukwelashwa okukhethekile okuncane.

Isandla somlimi oseduze ohlwanyela imbewu yesinaphi yegolide emigqeni yengadi emnyama, esanda kulinywa ngaphansi kokukhanya kwemvelo okufudumele.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Isikhathi Sokutshala Kwakho Kwesinaphi

Ukutshala kwentwasahlobo kuqala amasonto angu-4-6 ngaphambi kosuku lokugcina lwesithwathwa olulindelekile. Izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi kufanele lifinyelele okungenani ku-40°F ukuze kuhlume. Imbewu ihluma kahle kakhulu uma amazinga okushisa enhlabathi ephakathi kuka-45-85°F. Hlola izinsuku zesithwathwa sendawo yakho bese ubala ubuyela emuva ukuze uthole isikhathi esifanele.

Ukutshala ekwindla kunikeza imiphumela emihle kakhulu ezindaweni eziningi. Hlwanyela imbewu amasonto ayi-6-8 ngaphambi kweqhwa lokuqala elilindelekile lasekwindla. I-mustard etshalwe ekwindla ivame ukukhiqiza ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu ngenxa yokushisa okupholile. Izitshalo nazo zibhekana nezinkinga ezimbalwa zezinambuzane phakathi nezinyanga zasekwindla.

Indlela Yembewu Eqondile

Ukuhlwanyela imbewu ngqo kusebenza kahle kakhulu ekutshalweni kwe-mustard. Lezi zitshalo zikhula izimpande eziqinile ezingathandi ukutshala kabusha. Lungisa umbhede wakho wengadi ngokuhlikihla inhlabathi ibe bushelelezi bese ususa noma yikuphi ukungcola noma amahlumela.

Dala imisele engajulile engaba yi-intshi eyodwa kuya kwengxenye ukujula. Imigqa ehlukene ngamasentimitha angu-12-18 ukuze kube lula ukuyilungisa. Lahla imbewu emseleni njalo ngamasentimitha angu-1-2. Lesi sikhala sokuqala esiqinile sivumela ukuncishiswa kamuva ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa ukuma okuhle.

Mboza imbewu kancane ngenhlabathi encane. Cindezela phansi kancane ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imbewu ixhumana kahle nomhlabathi. Lokhu kuxhumana kubalulekile ukuze kufakwe umswakama futhi kuhlume. Nisela indawo etshaliwe kancane usebenzisa i-spray encane ukuze ugweme ukuhlanza imbewu.

Ukusondela kwesandla kubeka imbewu yesinaphi ekujuleni okufanele enhlabathini ecebile yengadi ensundu enemigqa yokutshala ecocekile.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Ukujula Kwembewu Okufanele kanye Nesikhala

Ukujula kwembewu kuthinta ngqo impumelelo yokuhluma. Tshala imbewu yesinaphi ngokujula okungu-1/4 intshi enhlabathini yobumba obunzima. Sebenzisa ukujula okungu-1/2 intshi enhlabathini enesihlabathi noma enobumba. Ukutshala okujulile kuyabambezela ukuvela kanti imbewu engajulile ingase yome ngaphambi kokuhluma.

Isikhala sokuqala singaba sikhulu ngoba uzonciphisa izithombo kamuva. Faka imbewu eceleni ngamasentimitha angu-1-2 ngaphakathi kwemigqa. Lokhu kubala amazinga okuhluma angaphansi kwamaphesenti ayi-100. Ukutshala okuqinile kusiza futhi ukucindezela ukhula ngesikhathi sokukhula kokuqala.

Isikhala Sokukhiqiza Amaqabunga

• Izithombo ezincane zibe yizicucu ezingu-3-4
• Ivumela ukuvunwa okuningi kwemifino eluhlaza
• Ikhuthaza amaqabunga athambile, anambitheka kancane
• Kunciphisa ukuncintisana phakathi kwezitshalo
• Ukuphathwa kwezinambuzane nezifo okulula

Isikhala Sokukhiqiza Imbewu

• Izithombo ezincane zibe ngamasentimitha angu-8-12 ukuhlukana
• Ivumela ukuthuthukiswa okugcwele kwezitshalo
• Kukhulisa ukukhiqizwa kwama-pod embewu
• Kuthuthukisa ukujikeleza komoya phakathi kwezitshalo
• Ikhiqiza izitshalo ezinkulu neziqinile

Izinketho Zokukhulisa Izitsha

Ukutshala izitsha kufaneleka abalimi abanesikhala esincane. Khetha izitsha okungenani ezingamasentimitha angu-8-10 ukujula ukuze kukhiqizwe amaqabunga. Ukukhiqizwa kwembewu kudinga izitsha ezijulile ezingamasentimitha angu-12-15 ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezinhlelo zezimpande ezivuthiwe.

Khetha izitsha ezinemigodi eyanele yokukhipha amanzi. Gcwalisa ngengxube yebhodwe esezingeni eliphezulu kunenhlabathi yasegadini. Ingxube yebhodwe inikeza amanzi angcono kanye nomoya ongcono ukuze kube nezimo zezitsha. Faka umanyolo okhipha kancane engxubeni ngaphambi kokutshala.

Faka imbewu endaweni eyi-2-3 inches phakathi kwezitsha. Lokhu kusondelana kusebenza kahle ezitsheni ngoba ungakwazi ukulawula umswakama kanye nezakhamzimba ngokunembe kakhudlwana. Izitsha zikuvumela futhi ukuhambisa izitshalo ezimweni zokukhanya ezifanele usuku lonke.

Izitshalo zesinaphi ezinempilo ezinamahlamvu aluhlaza nezimbali eziphuzi ezikhula esitsheni esikhulu esikhanyisiwe egcekeni elinelanga.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Isikhathi Sokuhluma kanye Nokulindelekile

Imbewu yesinaphi ihluma ngokushesha ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele. Izithombo zihluma ezinsukwini ezingu-3-7 lapho amazinga okushisa enhlabathi ephakathi kuka-55-75°F. Amazinga okushisa apholile anciphisa ukuhluma kuze kube yizinsuku ezingu-10-14. Izimo ezifudumele zisheshisa inqubo kuze kube yizinsuku ezingu-3-4.

Qaphela amaqabunga okuqala ezithombo abizwa ngokuthi ama-cotyledons. Lawa maqabunga okuqala abukeka ehlukile kwamaqabunga eqiniso alandelayo. Amaqabunga eqiniso avela zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-7-10 ngemva kokuhluma. Lawa maqabunga aqinile abonisa ukukhula okunempilo.

Nciphisa izithombo uma zifinyelela amasentimitha angu-2-3 ubude. Sebenzisa isikele ukusika izithombo ezingafuneki ezingeni lomhlabathi kunokuzidonsa. Ukudonsa kuphazamisa izimpande zezithombo eziseduze ofuna ukuzigcina. Izithombo ezinciphisiwe zenza izithasiselo ezinhle kakhulu kumasaladi ngokunambitheka kwazo okuthambile nokunongiwe.

Ukuqhathaniswa kwesithombe sendawo yezigaba zokukhula kwezithombo zesinaphi okubonisa imbewu, ukuhluma, ukuhluma, ama-cotyledons, namaqabunga angempela avela enhlabathini emnyama.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Ukunisela Nokufaka Umanyolo Ezitshalweni Zakho Zesinaphi

Umswakama ohlala njalo kanye nezakhamzimba ezifanele kugcina izitshalo zesinaphi zikhula kahle. Lezi zitshalo ezikhula ngokushesha zidinga ukunakekelwa njalo ngezikhathi zokunisela nokondla. Ukunakekelwa okufanele kukhiqiza amaqabunga athambile kanye nokukhula kwembewu okunempilo kuye ngemigomo yakho yokukhula.

Umzila wokunisela ngamaconsi uletha amanzi emigqeni yezitshalo zesinaphi eziluhlaza eziqhakazile embhedeni wengadi otshaliwe.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Ukusungula Uhlelo Lokunisela

Izitshalo zesinaphi zidinga umswakama wenhlabathi ohambisanayo phakathi nesikhathi sazo sokukhula. Inhlabathi kufanele ihlale inomswakama ngokulinganayo kodwa ingalokothi igcwale amanzi. Hlola umswakama wenhlabathi nsuku zonke ngokufaka umunwe wakho ujule ngamasentimitha angu-1-2. Nisela uma inhlabathi izwakala yomile kulokhu kujula.

Izithombo ezincane zidinga ukuchelelwa njalo kunezitshalo esezikhulile. Nisela nsuku zonke noma njalo ngemva kosuku ngesikhathi sokuhluma kanye nezigaba zokukhula kokuqala. Uma izitshalo sezifinyelele amasentimitha angu-4-6 ubude, yehlisa imvamisa ibe izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngesonto kuye ngesimo sezulu.

Ukunisela okujulile kukhuthaza ukukhula kwezimpande okuqinile. Faka amanzi anele ukumanzisa inhlabathi ngamasentimitha angu-1.8-1.5 ukujula. Lokhu kukhuthaza izimpande ukuba zikhule ziye phansi zifuna umswakama. Ukunisela okungajulile, okuvamile kudala izimpande ezibuthakathaka ebusweni ezisengozini yokucindezeleka kokushisa.

Ukunisela kwasekuseni kusebenza kahle kakhulu ezitshalweni zesinaphi. Lesi sikhathi sivumela amaqabunga ukuthi ome ngaphambi kokuhlwa. Amaqabunga anamanzi ebusuku angakhuthaza izifo zesikhunta. Ukunisela kwantambama ngesikhathi sezulu esishisayo kubangela ukuhwamuka ngokweqile ngaphambi kokuba izitshalo zimunce umswakama.

Izitshalo zesinaphi ezinempilo ezinezimbali eziphuzi ensimini ngesikhathi semvula.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Izindlela Zokunisela Zezingadi Zesinaphi

Ukunisela ngamaconsi kunikeza indlela yokunisela ephumelela kakhulu. Lolu hlelo luhambisa amanzi ngqo ezindaweni zezimpande ngenkathi lugcina amaqabunga omile. Imigqa yokunisela igcina amanzi ngokunciphisa ukuhwamuka. Setha izikhathi zokunisela ukuze zenze amashejuli okunisela abe lula.

Amapayipi okucwilisa anikeza enye indlela engabizi kakhulu kunezinhlelo zokuconsa. Lawa mapayipi anezimbobo avuza amanzi ubude bawo bonke. Wabeke eceleni kwemigqa yezitshalo bese uwamboza nge-mulch. Lokhu kusetha kunikeza umswakama ozinzile ngenkathi kulondolozwa imithombo yamanzi.

Ukunisela ngesandla kusebenza kahle ezingadini ezincane nasezitsheni. Sebenzisa induku yokunisela ene-spray setting ethambile. Nisela phansi kwezitshalo kunokuba unisele ngaphezulu. Le ndlela ikunikeza ukulawula okuqondile kodwa idinga ukunakwa kwansuku zonke kanye nokuzibophezela ngesikhathi.

Izidingo Zokuvundisa kanye Nesheduli

Izitshalo zesinaphi ziyazuza ngokufakwa komanyolo olinganiselayo phakathi nenkathi yokukhula. Lezi zitshalo azizona ezondla kakhulu kodwa zisabela kahle ekudleni okunomsoco olinganiselayo. Izidingo zomanyolo ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi utshala amaqabunga noma imbewu.

Faka umanyolo olinganiselayo ngesikhathi sokutshala. Ifomula ye-10-10-10 isebenza kahle ekutshalweni kwe-mustard okuvamile. Hlanganisa umanyolo we-granular enhlabathini ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu ngokulandela imiyalelo yephakheji. Lokhu kunikeza izakhamzimba zokuqala zokutshala.

Faka umanyolo oseceleni kwezitshalo njalo emavikini angu-3-4 ukuze kukhiqizwe amaqabunga. Faka umanyolo ocebile nge-nitrogen emigqeni yezitshalo ohlala amasentimitha angu-4-6 ukusuka eziqwini. Nisela kahle ngemva kokufaka umanyolo ukuze usize izakhamzimba zifinyelele ezindaweni zezimpande. Lokhu kudla njalo kukhuthaza ukukhula kwamaqabunga athambile okuqhubekayo.

Isandla esigqokiwe ngesipuni sensimbi ukusabalalisa ama-pellets kamanyolo amnyama azungeze isisekelo sezitshalo ze-mustard eziluhlaza embhedeni wengadi.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Izinketho Zomanyolo we-Organic

• Itiye lomquba: Hlanza bese ulifaka njalo emavikini amabili ukuze uthole ukudla okunomsoco okuthambile
• I-emulsion yezinhlanzi: Inikeza amandla e-nitrogen ekukhiqizeni amaqabunga
• Ukudla kwegazi: Inketho ephezulu ye-nitrogen yemvelo yokukhula okusheshayo
• Umquba ogugile: Sebenza enhlabathini ngaphambi kokutshala ukuze uthole izakhamzimba ezikhipha kancane kancane
• Ukudla kwamathambo: Kunezela i-phosphorus ekukhuleni kwezimpande nembewu

Izimpawu Zokuntuleka Kwezakhamzimba

• Amaqabunga aphuzi aphansi abonisa ukuntuleka kwe-nitrogen
• Umbala wamaqabunga ansomi ubonisa ukuntuleka kwe-phosphorus
• Imiphetho yamaqabunga ansundu ikhombisa ukuntuleka kwe-potassium
• Ukukhula okubambezelekile kubonisa ukuntuleka kwezakhamzimba okuphelele
• Amaqabunga aphuzi kuso sonke isitshalo abonisa ukuntuleka kwensimbi

Izinzuzo Zokumboza Umswakama Zokugcina Umswakama

Ukuhlanganisa i-mulching kulondoloza umswakama wenhlabathi futhi kulawula izinga lokushisa. Faka i-mulch yemvelo engamasentimitha angu-2-3 nxazonke zezitshalo uma sezifinyelele amasentimitha angu-4-6 ubude. Gcina i-mulch ibanga elingamasentimitha angu-2-3 kude neziqu zezitshalo ukuze uvimbele ukubola nezinkinga zezinambuzane.

Utshani namaqabunga aqoshiwe enza ama-mulch amahle kakhulu e-mustard. Lezi zinto zibola kancane kancane futhi zengeze izinto eziphilayo enhlabathini. Izingcezu zotshani nazo zisebenza kahle kodwa zifaka izendlalelo ezincane ukuvimbela ukugoba. Vuselela i-mulch njengoba ibola phakathi nesizini.

I-mulch inciphisa imvamisa yokunisela ngokunciphisa ukuhwamuka kwamanzi. Iphinde ivimbele ukukhula kokhula okuncintisana nomswakama kanye nezakhamzimba. I-mulch emnyama ifudumeza inhlabathi entwasahlobo kuyilapho i-mulch enombala okhanyayo igcina inhlabathi ipholile ehlobo.

Izitshalo zesinaphi eziluhlaza ezinempilo ezikhula engadini yemifino ezine-golden straw mulch zisakazeke kakhulu zizungeze isisekelo sazo ukuze kulondolozwe umswakama wenhlabathi.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Ukuphatha Izinambuzane Nezifo Zesinaphi Ejwayelekile

Izitshalo zesinaphi zibhekene nezinambuzane nezifo eziningana ezivamile. Ukuhlonza kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa okusheshayo kuvimbela umonakalo omkhulu esivunweni sakho. Izinkinga eziningi zinezixazululo ezilula zezinto eziphilayo ezivikela izitshalo nezinambuzane ezizuzisayo.

Izintuthwane Ezinezimpukane Nokulawulwa Kwazo

Izintuthwane zezinambuzane ziyizinambuzane ezivame kakhulu ze-mustard. Lezi zinambuzane ezincane ezimnyama zakha imigodi emincane emaqabunga aveza imbobo. Ukuhlasela okukhulu kungalimaza kakhulu izithombo ezincane. Ezindala ziyagxuma lapho ziphazanyiswa okwenza zihluke.

Izembozo zemigqa zinikeza ukuvikelwa okuhle kakhulu kwezinambuzane ezikhula ngokushesha ngemva kokutshala bese ususa lapho izitshalo zikhula futhi zingabekezelela umonakalo. Isithiyo esibonakalayo sivimbela izinambuzane ukuthi zingafinyeleli ezitshalweni ngenkathi sivumela ukukhanya namanzi ukungena.

Inhlabathi ye-diatomaceous inikeza ukulawula okungokwemvelo uma ifafazwa emaqabungeni. Faka futhi ngemva kwemvula noma amazolo amaningi. I-Neem oil sprays iphinde ixoshe ama-flea beetles ngempumelelo. Faka ekuseni noma kusihlwa ukuze ugweme ukusha kwamaqabunga.

Ukusondelana kwezimbungulu ezidla iqabunga lesinaphi ezinezimbobo eziningi ezincane kanye nomonakalo obonakalayo wezinambuzane.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Izimpethu Zeklabishi Nama-Loopers

Izimpethu zeklabishi kanye nama-loop ahlafuna imigodi emikhulu emaqabungeni e-mustard. Lezi zimpethu eziluhlaza zihlangana namaqabunga okwenza kube nzima ukuzibona. Bheka amaconsi azo amnyama emaqabungeni njengophawu lokutheleleka.

Ukukhetha ngesandla kusebenza kahle ezingadini ezincane. Hlola izitshalo nsuku zonke bese ususa izibungu ngesandla. Ziphonse emanzini anensipho ukuze uvimbele ukubuya. Le ndlela idinga isikhathi kodwa inikeza ukulawula okuphumelelayo ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali.

I-Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) inikeza ukulawula okuphephile kwezinto eziphilayo. Leli gciwane lemvelo lithinta izibungu kuphela ngaphandle kokulimaza izinambuzane eziwusizo. Futha ngokwemiyalelo yelebula lapho izibungu zincane ukuze uthole imiphumela emihle kakhulu. Faka futhi ngemva kwemvula.

Isithombe esikhulu se-butterfly eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka siphumule eqabungeni lesinaphi elinobunjwa elimbozwe amaconsi amanzi.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Ukutheleleka kwama-Aphid

Ama-aphid ahlangana ekukhuleni okusha kanye nangaphansi kwamaqabunga. Lezi zinambuzane ezincane ezinomzimba othambile zimunca ujusi wezitshalo okubangela ukukhula okuphambene. Ziphinde zidlulise amagciwane ezitshalo futhi zikhiphe i-honeydew edonsela izintuthwane futhi ikhuthaze isikhunta esinomswakama.

Amanzi anamandla akhipha ama-aphid ezitshalweni ngempumelelo. Sebenzisa ipayipi lengadi ukudubula ama-aphid emaqabungeni ekuseni kakhulu. Phinda njalo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuze kube yilapho inani lawo lehla. Le ndlela isebenza kahle kakhulu ekuthelelekeni okulula kuya kokuphakathi.

Insipho yokubulala izinambuzane inikeza ukulawula okuphephile kwezintwala. Hlanganisa ngokwemiyalelo bese ufafaza yonke indawo yesitshalo kufaka phakathi nezingxenye ezingaphansi. Faka ekuseni kakhulu noma kusihlwa kakhulu. Gwema ukufafaza elangeni elishisayo lasemini ukuvimbela ukulimala kwamaqabunga.

Isithombe esiseduze sendawo yezilwane ezibomvu nezimnyama ezidla ama-aphid aluhlaza esiqwini sesitshalo sesinaphi esinezimbali eziphuzi ngemuva.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Ukuvimbela Ukubola Okungalawuleki

I-Downy mildew ibonakala njengamabala aphuzi ebusweni bamaqabunga angaphezulu anokukhula okumpunga okufiphele ngaphansi. Lesi sifo se-fungus sikhula kahle ezimweni ezipholile nezimanzi. Ukutheleleka okukhulu kubangela ukuphuzi kwamaqabunga kanye nokuncipha kwezitshalo.

Ukuhlukaniswa okufanele kuvimbela ukubola kwe-downy ngokuthuthukisa ukujikeleza komoya. Gwema ukuchelela ngaphezulu okugcina amaqabunga emanzi. Nisela ekuseni ukuze amaqabunga ome ngokushesha. Susa amaqabunga athelelekile ngokushesha ukuze uvimbele ukusabalala kwesifo.

Ama-fungicide asekelwe ethusi alawula i-downy mildew ngendlela yemvelo. Faka ngendlela yokuvimbela esimweni sezulu esipholile nesinomswakama ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu. Landela iziqondiso zelebula ngokucophelela. Jikelezisa ama-fungicide ukuze uvimbele ukukhula kokumelana.

Isithombe sendawo esinekhwalithi ephezulu sesitshalo sesinaphi esinezimbali eziphuzi namaqabunga aluhlaza ambozwe yisikhunta esimpunga-esimhlophe kanye nezilonda eziphuzi.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Ukuphathwa Kokugqwala Okumhlophe

Ukugqwala okumhlophe kudala ama-pustules amhlophe ngaphansi kwamaqabunga. Lesi sifo se-fungus sibangela ukuphambuka kwamaqabunga nokungakhuli kahle. Amazinga okushisa apholile kanye nomswakama ophezulu kukhuthaza ukukhula kwesifo. Izitshalo ezithelelekile zingakhiqiza amaqabunga akhubazekile futhi zingakhuli kahle.

Tshala izinhlobo ezimelana nezitshalo uma zitholakala. Beka izitshalo endaweni efanele ukuze kugeleze umoya kahle. Susa izingxenye zezitshalo ezithelelekile ngokushesha. Bhubhisa izinto ezinesifo kunokuba uhlanganise umquba ukuze uvimbele ukusabalala kwe-spores.

Ama-fungicide esibabule ahlinzeka ngokulawula ukugqwala okumhlophe okungokwemvelo. Faka lapho kuqala isifo noma ngokuvimbela ezimweni ezivumela ukutheleleka. Gwema ukufaka isibabule lapho amazinga okushisa edlula ama-85°F ngoba lokhu kungashisa amaqabunga.

Umbono omkhulu wama-pustules amhlophe aqoqene eduze kwemithambo ngaphansi kweqabunga lesinaphi eliluhlaza.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Amasu Okuphatha Izinambuzane Ahlanganisiwe

Ukutshala ndawonye kuvimbela izinambuzane eziningi zesinaphi ngokwemvelo. Tshala amakhambi anephunga elimnandi njenge-dill, i-cilantro, ne-fennel eduze kwesinaphi. Lokhu kudonsela izinambuzane eziwusizo ezidla izinambuzane ezivamile. Ama-marigold aphinde axoshe ezinye izinambuzane eziyingozi.

Ukujikeleza kwezitshalo kuvimbela ukwakheka kwezifo ezithwalwa yinhlabathi. Gwema ukutshala isinaphi noma izitshalo ezihlobene endaweni efanayo izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa njalo eminyakeni emithathu. Lo mkhuba olula uphula imijikelezo yezinambuzane nezifo ngempumelelo.

Khuthaza izinambuzane ezizuzisayo ngokunikeza izindawo zokuhlala ezahlukahlukene. Tshala izimbali eziheha izimbungulu, ama-lacewings, kanye nezimbungulu ezidla ezinye izilwane. Lezi zilwane ezidla ezinye zilawula izinambuzane eziningi ngokwemvelo. Gwema izibulala-zinambuzane ezibanzi ezilimaza izinhlobo ezizuzisayo kanye nezinambuzane.

Ukuvuna Isivuno Sakho Sesinaphi Ngempumelelo

Amasu okuvuna afanele akhulisa isivuno sakho semasitadi kanye nekhwalithi. Isikhathi nendlela kuncike ekutheni utshala imasitadi ukuze uthole amaqabunga noma imbewu. Ukuqonda le mininingwane kuqinisekisa ukuthi ujabulela ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu kanye nokuthungwa okuvela engadini yakho.

Izandla eziseduze zisika amaqabunga e-mustard avuthiwe ngesikele sengadi engadini eluhlaza okotshani ngesikhathi sasemini.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Ukuvuna Imifino Yama-Mustard Ukuze Kusetshenziswe Kabusha

Imifino yesinaphi ifinyelela usayizi wokuvunwa ngokushesha. Amaqabunga amancane alungele ezinsukwini ezingama-30-40 kuphela ngemva kokutshala. Lawa maqabunga athambile anikeza ukunambitheka okuthambile okulungele amasaladi amasha namasangweji. Vuna amancane ukuze kube nokunambitheka okuhle nokuthungwa okuhle kakhulu.

Sika amaqabunga angaphandle kuqala usebenzisa isikele esihlanzekile noma ummese obukhali. Shiya indawo ephakathi yokukhula ingashintshi ukuze uqhubeke nokukhiqiza. Le ndlela yokusika bese uphinda ubuye inikeza isivuno esiningi esivela ezitshalweni ezifanayo phakathi nesizini.

Vuna amaqabunga ekuseni kakhulu lapho eqine futhi ethambile. Ukuwavuna ekuseni kuqinisekisa ukuthungwa okuhle kakhulu kanye nekhwalithi yokugcina. Amaqabunga avunwe ngezikhathi zasemini ezishisayo ayabuna ngokushesha futhi angaba mnandi kakhulu.

Usayizi weqabunga uthinta ubukhali bokunambitheka. Amaqabunga amancane angamasentimitha angu-3-4 anambitheka kancane futhi athambile. Amaqabunga aphakathi angamasentimitha angu-5-7 athuthukisa ukunambitheka kwesinaphi okwengeziwe. Amaqabunga amakhulu avuthiwe angaphezu kwamasentimitha angu-8 aba mnandi kakhulu futhi aqine. Khetha usayizi ngokusekelwe kulokho okuthandwa nguwe.

Ibhasikidi le-wicker eligcwele imifino ye-mustard entsha etafuleni lokhuni elangeni elifudumele lemvelo.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Ukuvuna Imbewu Ngesikhathi Esifanele

Ukukhiqizwa kwembewu kudinga isikhathi eside sokukhula kunokuvunwa kwamaqabunga. Vumela izitshalo ziqhakaze futhi zakhe ama-seed pods. Le nqubo ithatha izinsuku ezingama-90-120 kuye ngokuthi zihlukahlukene kangakanani kanye nezimo zezulu. Izitshalo zizoshintsha ngokwemvelo ukugxila kusuka ekukhiqizweni kwamaqabunga kuya ekukhiqizweni kwembewu.

Qaphela ukuvuthwa kwembewu yamapod ngokucophelela. Amapod ashintsha kusuka koluhlaza abe nsundu noma abe nsundu njengoba imbewu ivuthwa ngaphakathi. Amapod kufanele azizwe omile futhi eqhotsiwe uma esekulungele. Imbewu engaphakathi iyashintsha kusuka koluhlaza ibe nsundu, emnyama, noma ephuzi kuye ngohlobo.

Vuna ama-pods embewu ngaphambi kokuba aqhekeke ngokwemvelo. Hlola ama-pods nsuku zonke uma eseqala ukuba nsundu. Sika iziqu zembewu zonke lapho ama-pods amaningi esitshalweni esephenduke onsundu. Amanye ama-pods aluhlaza asele ayamukeleka.

Hlanganisa iziqu ezivuniwe bese uzilengisa phansi endaweni eyomile, enomoya omuhle. Beka izikhwama zamaphepha noma amashidi ngaphansi ukuze ubambe imbewu njengoba ama-pod ephuka. Vumela iziqu zome ngokuphelele isonto eli-1-2 ngaphambi kokucutshungulwa.

Ukusondelana kwembewu yesinaphi evuthiwe ehlukanisiwe eziqwini zezitshalo ezomile ensimini ekhanyiswe yilanga, kwembulwe imbewu emnyama eyindilinga ngaphakathi.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Ukucubungula Nokuhlanza Imbewu Yesinaphi

Uma iziqu sezimile ngokuphelele, susa imbewu kuma-pod. Hlikihla ama-pod omisiwe phakathi kwezandla zakho phezu kwesitsha. Imbewu ihlukana kalula nezinto ze-pod ezomisiwe. Le nqubo yokubhula ikhulula imbewu kahle.

Ukwela kususa amakhoba embewini. Thela imbewu kancane phakathi kwezitsha ngaphandle ngosuku olunomoya opholile. Umoya uthwala amakhoba alula kuyilapho imbewu esindayo iwela esitsheni esingezansi. Phinda kuze kube yilapho imbewu ihlanzekile.

Hlunga imbewu nge-mesh encane ukuze ususe noma yikuphi ukungcola okusele. Gcina imbewu ehlanziwe ezitsheni ezingangeni moya endaweni epholile, emnyama. Imbewu yesinaphi ecutshungulwe kahle futhi egcinwe kahle igcina ikhwalithi iminyaka engu-2-3.

Isithombe sendawo yembewu yesinaphi ehlanziwe kahle esitsheni sokhuni sasemaphandleni esinokhula olusakazeke phezu kokhuni.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Izindlela Zokuvuna Ezilandelanayo

Ukuvunwa kwezitshalo ezincane kuhilela ukusika izitshalo zonke ezingeni lomhlabathi lapho zinde ngamasentimitha angu-3-4. Le ndlela yezitshalo ezincane inikeza amaqabunga athambile, athambile afanele amasaladi. Tshala kabusha njalo emavikini angu-2-3 ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokukhiqizwa kwezitshalo ezincane phakathi nesizini.

Ukuvuna okusikiwe bese uphinda uvune kwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo esezivele zikhona. Susa amaqabunga angaphandle njalo ngenkathi uvumela umqhele ophakathi ukuthi uqhubeke nokukhula. Le ndlela inikeza isivuno izinyanga eziningana kusukela ekutshalweni okukodwa.

Ukuvuna kanye kuhilela ukusika izitshalo ezivuthiwe zonke ngesikhathi esisodwa. Lokhu kusebenza kahle kakhulu lapho kutshalwa imbewu noma lapho isimo sezulu sishisa. Donsa izitshalo zonke lapho amaqabunga efinyelela usayizi ofiselekayo noma lapho kuqala ukubola.

Izandla ziphethe iqoqo elisha lezitshalo ezincane ze-mustard ezincane ezinezimpande ezibonakalayo kanye nomhlabathi etafuleni lokhuni eliseceleni kwesikele sengadi.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Isivuno Semifino Yezingane

Vuna ezinsukwini ezingama-20-30 lapho izitshalo zifinyelela ku-3-4 amayintshi. Sika izitshalo zonke ezingeni lomhlabathi. Amaqabunga athambile, athambile afanelekela amasaladi amasha.

Izandla ziphethe inqwaba entsha yamaqabunga esinaphi aphakathi nendawo ensimini eluhlaza okotshani, ekhombisa usayizi ofanele wokuvunwa kanye namaqabunga anempilo aqhakazile.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Ukuvunwa Kwamaqabunga Avuthiwe

Vuna ezinsukwini ezingama-40-50 lapho amaqabunga efinyelela ku-5-8 amasentimitha. Sika amaqabunga angaphandle ushiye ukukhula okuphakathi. Kuthuthukiswe ukunambitheka kwesinaphi kokupheka.

Isithombe sendawo esinekhwalithi ephezulu sama-pods embewu yesinaphi omisiwe ahlukanisiwe, eveza imbewu eyindilinga emnyama eqoqene ngaphakathi kwama-shells ansundu njengegolide.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Ukuvunwa Kwembewu

Vuna ezinsukwini ezingama-90-120 lapho ama-pod ephenduka onsundu. Sika iziqu eziphelele bese uzilenga ukuze zome. Cubungula imbewu ukuze isetshenziswe ekuphekeni noma ukutshala kabusha.

Ukugcina Nokusebenzisa I-Mustard Yakho Ekhulele Ekhaya

Ukugcina kahle kwandisa isikhathi sokuvuna kwakho kwesinaphi. Amaqabunga amasha nembewu eyomisiwe ngayinye idinga ukuphathwa ngendlela ethile. Ukulandela le mihlahlandlela yokugcina kulondoloza ikhwalithi nokunambitheka ukuze ujabulele kakhulu isivuno sakho sasekhaya.

Izindlela Zokugcina Amaqabunga Amasha

Imifino emisha yesinaphi ihlala iqinile izinsuku ezingu-5-7 futhi igcinwe kahle. Geza amaqabunga kahle bese ususa amanzi angaphezulu. Yomisa kancane ngamathawula ahlanzekile ususe umswakama omningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Amanzi angaphezulu akhuthaza ukubola ngokushesha.

Songa amaqabunga ahlanziwe kalula ngamathawula ephepha. Beka izinqwaba ezigoqiwe ezikhwameni zepulasitiki ezinezimbobo noma ezitsheni. Gcina edroweni eliqinile lesiqandisi. Amathawula ephepha amunca umswakama kuyilapho izimbobo zinikeza ukujikeleza komoya.

Hlola imifino egciniwe nsuku zonke bese ususa noma yimaphi amaqabunga aphuzi noma onakele. Shintsha amathawula ephepha amanzi njengoba kudingeka. Lokhu kuqapha kuvimbela ukubola ukuthi kungasabalali emaqabungeni aphilile. Ukuqapha okufanele kwandisa isikhathi sokugcina kakhulu.

Izinqwaba zemifino emisha yesinaphi egcinwe edroweni elicwebezelayo lesiqandisi, kanye notamatisi, ulamula, nama-blueberry abonakala eshalofini elingenhla.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Imifino Yama-mustard Eqandisiwe

Ukuqandisa kugcina imifino ye-mustard izinyanga eziyi-10-12. Amahlamvu e-Blanch kuqala ngokuwafaka emanzini abilayo imizuzu emi-2-3. Lesi sinyathelo simisa umsebenzi wama-enzyme obangela ukunambitheka kanye nokulahleka kokuthungwa. Dlulisela ngokushesha emanzini eqhwa ukuze uyeke ukupheka.

Khipha amanzi aluhlaza acwebezelayo kahle bese ucindezela amanzi angaphezulu. Sika amaqabunga abe ngosayizi owufunayo ngaphambi kokuwaqandisa. Faka ezikhwameni zefriji ukhiphe umoya omningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Faka amalebula ezikhwameni usuku nokuqukethwe ukuze kube lula ukukubona.

Qala ngokuqandisa izikhwama ezisicaba zibe yizingqimba ezilodwa. Uma seziqinile, beka izikhwama ukuze wonge isikhala sefriji. Imifino ye-mustard eqandisiwe isebenza kahle kakhulu ezitsheni eziphekiwe njengesobho, ama-stir-fries, nama-casserole. Ukushintsha kokwakheka kuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kumasaladi amasha.

Imifino yesinaphi eqoshiwe ikhishwe e-colander, ipholiswe ebhavini leqhwa, bese ihlukaniswa ibe yizikhwama zefriji ezibhalwe ngamagama etafuleni lasekhishini elenziwe ngokhuni.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Ukomisa Nokugcina Imbewu Yesinaphi

Ukomiswa kahle kwembewu kuvimbela ukukhula kwesikhunta ngesikhathi sokugcina. Sakaza imbewu ehlanziwe ezikrinini noma emathileyi ngesendlalelo esisodwa. Beka endaweni efudumele, eyomile enomoya omuhle. Gwema ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile okungonakali ikhwalithi yembewu.

Imbewu idinga amasonto angu-1-2 ukuze yome ngokuphelele. Hlola ukuthi yome yini ngokuluma imbewu. Imbewu eyomiswe kahle iyaqhekeka kunokuba iqhekeke. Imbewu engomiswanga kahle iba nesikhunta ngesikhathi igcinwa. Imbewu eyomiswe kakhulu ingase ilahlekelwe amandla okutshala.

Gcina imbewu eyomile ezitsheni zengilazi ezingangeni moya noma ezitsheni zensimbi. Gcina endaweni epholile, emnyama, neyomile. Izinga lokushisa elifanele lokugcina liphakathi kuka-50-70°F. Imbewu yesinaphi ensundu egcinwe kahle, imbewu yesinaphi ephuzi, kanye nembewu emnyama zigcina ikhwalithi iminyaka engu-2-3.

Amabhodlela amathathu engilazi anelebula agcwele imbewu yesinaphi eyomisiwe eshalofini legumbi lokugcina ukudla lokhuni, kanye nesigaxa esincane sokhuni ngaphambili.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Ukwenza Izithako Zakho Zesinaphi

Guqula imbewu ekhuliswe ekhaya ibe yi-mustard ephuzi yakudala noma i-mustard ensundu ebabayo. Gaya imbewu usebenzisa i-spice grinder noma i-mortar bese u-pestle. Hlanganisa imbewu egayiwe neviniga, amanzi, usawoti, kanye nezinongo. Izinto ezivame ukwengezwa zifaka phakathi i-turmeric yombala ophuzi kanye noju lwezinhlobo ze-mustard ezimnandi.

Iresiphi eyisisekelo yesinaphi ihlanganisa inkomishi eyi-1/2 yembewu yesinaphi egayiwe nenkomishi eyi-1/2 yoketshezi (amanzi, uviniga, noma iwayini). Engeza ithisipuni elilodwa likasawoti kanye nezinongo ozifunayo. Vumela ingxube iphumule imizuzu eyi-10 ukuze iqine. Lungisa ukuqina ngokufaka uketshezi olwengeziwe uma kudingeka.

I-mustard egayiwe ngamatshe igcina izingcezu zembewu eziphelele ukuze zibe nokuthungwa. Sebenzisa i-mortar kanye ne-pestle esikhundleni sokugaya kahle. Lokhu kulungiselela kudala ukuthungwa kwe-mustard okujwayelekile okuthandwa kakhulu kuma-sandwich nama-hot dog. Ukugaya okuqinile kukhiqiza iphrofayili yokunambitheka okuthambile.

Isithombe sendawo yezinongo ezihlukahlukene zesinaphi ezenziwe ekhaya ezitsheni zeglasi, okuhlanganisa okusanhlamvu okuphelele, i-Dijon, kanye nezinhlobo eziphuzi ezikhanyayo, ezihlelwe etafuleni lokhuni lasemaphandleni elinembewu, ugalikhi, amakhambi, nopelepele.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Izinhlobo Ezidumile Ze-Mustard Ongazizama

• I-mustard ephuzi ethambile yokuqala: Imbewu yesinaphi ephuzi, i-turmeric, uviniga omhlophe
• I-mustard ensundu ebabayo yokuqala: Imbewu yesinaphi ensundu, uviniga we-apula, ushukela onsundu
• I-Dijon mustard: Iwayini elimhlophe, imbewu ensundu, igalikhi
• I-Honey mustard: Noma yiluphi uhlobo lwembewu, uju, i-mayonnaise
• I-Horseradish mustard: Imbewu ephuzi, i-horseradish elungisiwe, ukhilimu
• I-mustard ye-pickle ye-dill: Imbewu ephuzi, i-dill, ijusi le-pickle

Zama ngezinongo ukuze udale izingxube ezenziwe ngokwezifiso. Faka isiraphu ye-maple ukuze uthole i-maple champagne mustard. Hlanganisa uviniga we-champagne ukuze uthole izinhlobo ezinhle ze-maine maple champagne. Dala i-sandwich pal mustard emnandi ebabayo ngokuhlanganisa uju nama-flakes e-hot pepper.

Ukusetshenziswa Kokupheka Kwemifino Emisha Yama-Mustard

Amaqabunga e-mustard athambile amancane athuthukisa amasaladi amasha anokunambitheka okufana nopelepele. Hlanganisa nemifino ethambile ukuze ulinganisele ubunongo. Amaqabunga ahambisana kahle kakhulu nezithako ezimnandi ezihambisana nokushisa kwawo kwemvelo. Faka kumasangweji ukuze uthole okunye okumnandi esikhundleni se-lettuce.

Imifino yesinaphi ephekiwe iba nokunambitheka okuthambile nokumnandi. Faka ugalikhi namafutha omnqumo esitsheni esilula. Faka esobho nasezitshulwini emizuzwini eyi-10 yokugcina yokupheka. Imifino inika ukudla okunempilo okufana nekale nesipinashi okunambitheka ngendlela ehlukile.

Izinhlobo ze-mustard zase-Asia zisebenza kahle kakhulu kuma-stir-fries. Amaqabunga ahlala kahle ekushiseni okuphezulu ngaphandle kokuba mushy. Hlanganisa ne-soy sauce, i-ginger, kanye namafutha e-sesame ukuze wenze amalungiselelo endabuko. Faka ngasekupheleni kokupheka ukuze ulondoloze umbala nokuthungwa.

Isithombe sendawo esinekhwalithi ephezulu sesaladi entsha eyenziwe ngemifino eluhlaza yesinaphi, utamatisi we-cherry, ama-radishes, ukhukhamba, upelepele obomvu, kanye nembewu yelanga esitsheni se-ceramic etafuleni lokhuni.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Ukuxazulula Izinkinga Zokukhula Kwe-Mustard Evamile

Ngisho nabalimi abanolwazi babhekana nezinselele zokutshala imasitadi. Ukuhlonza izinkinga ngokushesha kuvumela izixazululo ezisebenzayo. Lawa macebiso okuxazulula izinkinga abhekana nezinkinga ezivame kakhulu abalimi basekhaya ababhekana nazo ngokutshala imasitadi.

Ukuqhathaniswa kwezitshalo zesinaphi ezinempilo namaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani nezimbali eziphuzi uma kuqhathaniswa nezitshalo zesinaphi ezonakele namaqabunga aphuzi, izinambuzane, kanye nenhlabathi eyomile embhedeni wengadi.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Ukubhekana neBolting

Ukuqhakaza kwenzeka lapho izitshalo zesinaphi zishintsha ekukhiqizeni amaqabunga ziye ekuqhakazeni nasekubunjweni kwembewu. Le nqubo yemvelo yenzeka ngenxa yokucindezeleka kokushisa noma izinguquko zobude bosuku. Izitshalo eziqhakaza zikhiqiza amaqabunga aqinile, ababayo angafanele ukudliwa amasha.

Vimbela ukubola kwezitshalo ngokutshala ngezikhathi ezifanele. Ukutshala kwentwasahlobo kufanele kukhule ngaphambi kokuba kufike isimo sezulu esishisayo sasehlobo. Ukutshala kwekwindla kubalekela ngokuphelele ukucindezeleka kokushisa. Khetha izinhlobo ezimelana nebola zezitshalo ezimweni zezulu ezinzima noma ezinkathini zokukhula ezinde.

Nikeza umthunzi ngesikhathi sokushisa ukuze ulibazise ukugoba. Sebenzisa indwangu yomthunzi enikeza umthunzi ongu-30-50% ngesikhathi sokushisa kosuku. Lokhu kungenelela okulula kuvame ukwandisa isikhathi sokuvuna ngamasonto ambalwa ngesikhathi sezulu esingesihle.

Isithombe sendawo yesitshalo sesinaphi siqala ukuqhakaza, sibonisa isiqu sembali eside esiphakathi esinamaqoqo amahlumela aluhlaza kanye nezimbali ezincane eziphuzi ngaphezu kwamaqabunga abanzi anomthungo.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Ukubhekana Nokuhluma Okubi

Ukuhluma okubi kubangelwa yizici eziningana ezihlanganisa imbewu endala, ukujula kokutshala okungafanele, noma izimo zenhlabathi ezingafanele. Imbewu yesinaphi ihlala iphila iminyaka emi-3-5 uma igcinwe kahle. Hlola imbewu endala ngaphambi kokutshala ngokuhluma isampula emathawulweni ephepha amanzi.

Izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi lithinta kakhulu amazinga okuhluma. Inhlabathi ebandayo engaphansi kuka-40°F ivimbela ukuhluma. Inhlabathi eshisayo kakhulu engaphezu kuka-95°F nayo inciphisa impumelelo. Sebenzisa i-thermometer yomhlabathi ukuqinisekisa izimo ngaphambi kokutshala. Linda izinga lokushisa elifanele liphakathi kuka-45-85°F.

Ukuhlala komswakama ngesikhathi sokuhluma kubalulekile. Inhlabathi kufanele ihlale inomswakama ngokulinganayo kodwa ingagcwali amanzi. Izimo ezomile zibulala izithombo ezikhulayo. Mboza izindawo ezitshaliwe nge-mulch elula noma i-burlap ukuze ugcine umswakama kuze kuvele izithombo. Susa izembozo uma sezivele zihlume.

Ukuxazulula Izinkinga Zokuba Mphuzi Kwamaqabunga

Amaqabunga aphuzi abonisa izinkinga ezahlukahlukene kuye ngephethini. Amaqabunga aphansi aphenduka aphuzi abonisa ukuntuleka kwe-nitrogen. Faka umanyolo ocebile nge-nitrogen noma itiye lomquba ukuze ulungise le nkinga. Uphuzi luya phezulu uma ukuntuleka kuqhubeka.

Ukuphuzi kwamaqabunga sekukonke kungabonisa ukunisela ngokweqile noma ukumunca amanzi kabi. Hlola umswakama wenhlabathi ngaphambi kokunisela. Vumela inhlabathi yome kancane phakathi kokunisela. Thuthukisa ukumunca amanzi ngokulungisa inhlabathi yobumba esindayo ngomquba noma ngokukhula emibhedeni ephakanyisiwe.

Amabala aphuzi phakathi kwemithambo yamaqabunga abonisa ukuntuleka kwensimbi. Le nkinga ivame ukuvela enhlabathini ene-alkaline ene-pH engaphezu kuka-7.5. Yehlisa i-pH yenhlabathi usebenzisa izilungiso zesulfure. Faka insimbi e-chelated njengesixazululo sesikhashana ngenkathi ulungisa i-pH ukuze kulungiswe isikhathi eside.

Isithombe sesimo sesitshalo sesinaphi esinamaqabunga aphuzi aphansi kanye nemithambo eluhlaza, esibonisa izimpawu zokuntuleka kwe-nitrogen ensimini eyomile.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Ukuphatha Ukunambitheka Kwamaqabunga Ababayo

Amaqabunga e-mustard ababayo avela ezimweni zokucindezeleka noma ukuvuthwa ngokweqile. Ukucindezeleka kokushisa kuyimbangela eyinhloko yokubaba. Amazinga okushisa aphezulu abangela izinto zokuzivikela ezidala ukunambitheka okungathandeki. Vuna ngezikhathi ezipholile zosuku ukuze unciphise lo mphumela.

Ukucindezeleka kwamanzi nakho kuveza amaqabunga ababayo. Ukunisela okungaguquki kudala ukucindezeleka okuthinta ukunambitheka. Gcina umswakama wenhlabathi ulingana phakathi nesikhathi sokukhula. Ukunisela okujulile kukhuthaza ukunambitheka okungcono kunokunisela okungajulile njalo.

Ubudala bamaqabunga buthinta ngqo ubukhali bokunambitheka. Amaqabunga amancane anambitheka kancane futhi amnandi. Amaqabunga avuthiwe athuthukisa ukunambitheka kwesinaphi okunamandla okungaba kubi. Vuna amaqabunga uma emancane kuya kosayizi ophakathi ukuze uthole ibhalansi engcono kakhulu yokunambitheka. Sebenzisa amaqabunga amakhulu, anamakha kakhulu ekulungiseleleni okuphekiwe lapho ukunambitheka okunamandla kufiseleka khona.

Izimpawu Zezitshalo Zesinaphi Ezinempilo

• Umbala weqabunga oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuso sonke isitshalo
• Ukukhula okuqinile, okunamandla ngaphandle kokushesha okungazelelwe
• Amaqabunga aqinile, aqinile angabuni
• Amaqabunga amasha avele njalo phakathi nendawo
• Akukho monakalo obonakalayo wezinambuzane noma izimpawu zesifo
• Ukukhula okuncane ngaphandle kokwelula ngokweqile

Izimpawu Zesexwayiso Ezidinga Isinyathelo

• Amaqabunga aphuzi akhuphuka esitshalweni
• Ukukhula okubambezelekile noma ukumisa intuthuko
• Ukubuna naphezu kokunisela okwanele
• Imigodi noma umonakalo wokuhlafuna emaqabunga
• Amabala amhlophe, ampunga, noma ansundu emaqabunga
• Isiqu esiphakathi sikhula ngokushesha (sibopha)

Ukutshala Ngokulandelana Kokuvuna Okuqhubekayo

Ukutshala ngokulandelana kunikeza isinaphi esisha phakathi nenkathi yokukhula. Le ndlela ihilela ukuhlwanyela imbewu encane ngezikhathi ezithile. Umphumela uba ukukhiqizwa okuqhubekayo kunokuba kube nokuvuna okukhulu okukodwa okulandelwa lutho.

Isithombe sendawo yemigqa yengadi esibonisa imifino yesinaphi ngesikhathi sokuhluma kwezithombo, ukuvuthwa, kanye nezigaba zokuqhakaza ezihlelwe kahle emibhedeni yokutshala elandelanayo.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Ukuhlela Uhlelo Lwakho Lokulandelana

Qala ukutshala ngokulandelana ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo bese uqhubeka kuze kube sekwindla. Hlwanyela imbewu entsha njalo emavikini ama-2-3 ukuze kukhiqizwe amaqabunga. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kuqinisekisa ukuthi amaqabunga avuthiwe ayatholakala njengoba ukutshala kwangaphambilini kuncipha. Lungisa isikhathi ngokusekelwe ezinsukwini zokuvuthwa kwezinhlobo kanye nesimo sezulu sendawo.

Maka izinsuku zokutshala ekhalendeni ukuze ulandelele isikhathi sokulandelana kwezitshalo. Qopha amagama ezinhlobo nezindawo zokutshala. Lo mbhalo usiza ukuthi uthuthukise isimiso sakho ngezinkathi eziningi. Okuqukethwe okuvela kumarekhodi akho okutshala kuqondisa izinqumo zokukhula zesikhathi esizayo.

Bala ubuyela emuva kusukela eqhweni lokuqala elilindelwe lokutshala ekwindla. I-mustard idinga izinsuku ezingama-40-60 ukuze ivuthwe kuye ngohlobo. Vumela isikhathi esengeziwe ekwindla njengoba amazinga okushisa apholile ehlisa ukukhula. Lokhu kuhlela kuqinisekisa ukuthi isivuno siyaqhubeka kuze kufike iqhwa eliqinile.

I-collage yesimo sendawo ekhombisa izitshalo zesinaphi phakathi nezinkathi ezine zonyaka: izimbali eziphuzi eziqhakaza entwasahlobo, insimu yasehlobo evundile enezinyosi, iziqu zasekwindla ezomile ezinamahlamvu awelayo, kanye nezitshalo ezimbozwe yiqhwa ebusika.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Ukuphatha Ukutshala Okuningi

Beka izindawo ezihlukene zokutshala okulandelanayo ngakunye. Le nhlangano ivimbela ukudideka phakathi kwezinsuku zokutshala. Sebenzisa izigxobo noma omaka ukuze ulebhele ingxenye ngayinye ngohlobo kanye nosuku lokutshala. Ukuhlonza okucacile kusiza ukulandelela ukuvuthwa kanye nesikhathi sokuvuna.

Izindawo zomugqa oqondile ukuze wenze isikhala sokutshala okusha. Njengoba ukutshala kusenesikhathi kuphelile, susa izitshalo bese ulungiselela inhlabathi ngokulandelana okulandelayo. Lokhu kujikeleza kugcina isikhala sengadi sikhiqiza phakathi nesizini yonke ngaphandle kwamabala angenalutho.

Ukutshala izitsha kwenza kube lula ukuphathwa kokutshala ngokulandelana. Sebenzisa izitsha eziningi eziqalwe ngezikhathi ezahlukene. Hambisa izitsha ukuze uthuthukise ukuchayeka elangeni njengoba izinkathi zonyaka zishintsha. Lokhu kuguquguquka kusiza ukwandisa izinkathi zokukhula ezimweni zezulu ezinzima.

Ukukhetha Okunhlobonhlobo Kwezinkathi Ezinde

Khetha izinhlobo ezinezinsuku ezahlukene zokuvuthwa ukuze uthole ukuhlukahluka. Izinhlobo ezikhula ngokushesha njengemifino yesinaphi zivunwa ezinsukwini ezingu-30-40. Izinhlobo ezihamba kancane ezinikeza amaqabunga nembewu kudinga izinsuku ezingu-90-120. Ukuhlanganisa zombili izinhlobo kwandisa isikhathi sakho sokuvuna ngokwemvelo.

Izinhlobo ezibekezelela ukushisa zisebenza kangcono ekutshalweni kwentwasahlobo kanye nasekuqaleni kwehlobo. Bheka izincazelo ezikhuluma ngokukhula kancane noma ukumelana nokushisa. Lezi zinhlobo zibekezelela amazinga okushisa afudumele ngaphandle kokuqhakaza ngokushesha. Zivala igebe phakathi kwezitshalo zasentwasahlobo nasekwindla.

Izinhlobo eziqinile ezibandayo ziphumelela kakhulu ekutshalweni kwekwindla nasebusika. Amanye ama-mustard ase-Asia abekezelela amazinga okushisa afinyelela kuma-degrees Fahrenheit aphansi angama-20. Lezi zinhlobo eziqinile zinikeza imifino emisha kuze kube sebusika ezindaweni eziningi zezulu. Hlanganisa namafreyimu abandayo ukuze uthole umkhiqizo omude nakakhulu.

Amabhodlela engilazi agcwele izinhlobo ezahlukene zembewu yesinaphi ahlelwe etafuleni lokhuni lasemaphandleni elinembewu esakazekile nezitsha ezincane.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Ukutshala Okuhambisanayo Nesinaphi

Ukutshala ndawonye kuthuthukisa ukukhula kwesinaphi ngenkathi kuvimbela izinambuzane ngokwemvelo. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezitshalo okunenhloso kudala izingadi ezinempilo ezidinga ukungenelela okuncane. Ukuqonda ubudlelwano obuhle bezitshalo kukusiza ukuthi uklame izindawo zokukhulisa ezikhiqizayo nezingenakunakekelwa kakhulu.

Isithombe sendawo esinekhwalithi ephezulu sezitshalo ze-mustard ezinezimbali eziphuzi ezikhula eceleni kotamatisi, ama-marigold, i-basil, ama-radishes, u-anyanisi, namakhambi embhedeni wengadi ophakanyisiwe.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Izitshalo Eziwusizo Eziwusizo

Amakhambi anephunga elimnandi axosha izinambuzane eziningi ze-mustard ngempumelelo. Tshala i-dill, i-cilantro, ne-fennel eduze kwemigqa ye-mustard. Lawa makhambi adonsela izinambuzane eziwusizo ezidla izinambuzane eziyingozi. Iphunga lawo elinamandla liphinde lidide izinambuzane ezifuna izitshalo ze-mustard ngephunga.

Ama-Nasturtium asebenza njengezitshalo zogibe ezidonsa ama-aphid kuma-mustard. Tshala ama-nasturtium emaphethelweni engadini. Ama-aphid athanda ama-nasturtium kune-mustard okwenza kube yisithiyo esiphilayo. Qapha izitshalo zogibe bese ususa izitshalo ezihlaselwe kakhulu ukuze uvimbele ukufuduka kwezinambuzane emuva kuma-mustard.

Ama-allium afaka u-anyanisi, igalikhi, kanye nama-chives axosha ama-aphid kanye nama-flea beetles. Iphunga lawo elinamandla lifihla iphunga le-mustard ezilonakalweni. Tshala ngemigqa eshintshanayo noma usakazeke kuyo yonke indawo yokutshala i-mustard. Izinzuzo zokuqeda izinambuzane zisuka kumamitha ambalwa ukusuka esitshalweni ngasinye se-allium.

Isithombe sendawo yezimbali eziphuzi neziphuzi ezitshalwe eceleni komugqa wesinaphi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka onezimbali eziphuzi engadini etshaliwe.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Izitshalo Okufanele Zigweme Eduze Kwesinaphi

Gwema ukutshala ezinye izitshalo ze-brassica eduze kwe-mustard. Iklabishi, i-broccoli, i-kale, ne-cauliflower ziheha izinambuzane nezifo ezifanayo. Ukuzikhulisa ndawonye kugxila ezinkingeni futhi kwenza ukuphathwa kube nzima. Hlukanisa lezi zitshalo okungenani ngamafidi angu-20 uma kungenzeka.

Ama-strawberry kanye ne-mustard bancintisana ngezakhamzimba ezifanayo. Zombili izitshalo zikhetha nezimo zokukhula ezifanayo. Lo mncintiswano unganciphisa isivuno sezitshalo zombili. Tshala ama-strawberry emibhedeni ehlukene kude nezitshalo ze-mustard ukuze uthole imiphumela emihle kakhulu.

Ubhontshisi obuyi-pole kanye ne-mustard kufanele kuhlale kuhlukene. Izitshalo zobhontshisi ezinde zifihla umthunzi we-mustard okhula kancane kakhulu. I-mustard nayo iqeda isizini yayo ngaphambi kokuba ubhontshisi ufinyelele ekukhiqizeni okuphezulu. Ukungafani kwesikhathi kubenza babe abangane ababi endaweni efanayo yokukhula.

Ukudala Indawo Yokuhlala Yezinambuzane Ezuzisayo

Izitshalo eziqhakazayo ziheha izinambuzane ezidla ezinye ezilawula izinambuzane ezidla ezinye ezidla ezinye ezidla ezinye ezidla ezinye ezidla ezinye ezidla ezinye ezidla ezinye ezidla ezinye ezidla ezinye ezidla ezinye ezidla ezinye ezidla ezinye ezidla ezinye ezidla ezinye ezidla ezinye. Tshala i-sweet alyssum, i-calendula, kanye ne-yarrow eduze. Lezi zimbali zinikeza umpe kanye nempova yezinhlobo ezidla ezinye ezidla ezinye. Izinambuzane ezidla ezinye ezidla ezinye zidinga izimbali ngisho noma izibungu zazo zidla ezinye izinambuzane.

Vumela izitshalo ezithile zesinaphi ukuthi ziqhakaze uma isikhala sivuma. Izimbali eziphuzi ziheha izinambuzane eziningi eziwusizo. Leli cebo lisebenza kahle kakhulu lapho kutshalwa isinaphi sembewu. Izimbali zisebenza ngezinjongo ezimbili ukuhlinzeka ngokudla kwezinambuzane kanye nokuvunwa kwembewu ekugcineni.

Dala izindawo zokuhlala ezihlala njalo eduze kwezivande zemifino. Tshala izimbali ezihlala njalo namakhambi asekela izinambuzane eziwusizo unyaka wonke. Leli nani elizinzile lithuthela emifino yonyaka njengesinaphi lapho kuvela izinambuzane. Ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane kwemvelo okubangelwa yilokhu kunciphisa isidingo sokungenelela.

Uvemvane iMonarch, izinyosi zezinyosi, i-ladybug, kanye ne-lacewing ezimbalini zengadi ezimibalabala ezinezitshalo ze-mustard eziphuzi ngemuva.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Ukulondoloza Imbewu Yesinaphi Ukuze Kutshalwe Esikhathini Esizayo

Ukulondoloza imbewu ezitshalweni zakho ezinhle kakhulu zesinaphi kuqinisekisa ukuthi izitshalo zesikhathi esizayo zivumelaniswe nezimo zakho ezithile. Lo mkhuba ulondoloza nezinhlobo zefa futhi wonga imali ekuthengweni kwembewu. Ukuqonda amasu afanele okonga imbewu kugcina ukuhlanzeka kwezinhlobo kanye namazinga aphezulu okuhluma.

Isithombe sendawo yesitshalo sesinaphi esivuthiwe esinezimbotshana zembewu ensundu ezomisiwe ezilungele ukongiwa kwembewu, zimi ensimini ekhanyiswe yilanga.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Ukukhetha Izitshalo Zokonga Imbewu

Khetha izitshalo zakho ezinempilo kakhulu nezinamandla kakhulu zokukhiqiza imbewu. Khetha izitshalo ezibonisa izici ozifunayo njengokunambitheka, umbala wamaqabunga, noma ukumelana nezifo. Maka izitshalo ezikhethiwe ekuqaleni kwesizini ukuze ugweme ukuvuna ngengozi. Vumela lezi zitshalo ukuthi ziqedele umjikelezo wazo wokuphila ogcwele zingaphazanyiswa.

Hlukanisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zemasitadi ukuze uvimbele ukuthuthwa kwempova. Izimbali zemasitadi zithuthwa ngempova yezinambuzane futhi zithuthwa kalula nezinye izinhlobo zamasitadi. Hlukanisa izinhlobo okungenani ngekhilomitha elilodwa nesigamu ukuze uthole imbewu emsulwa noma ukhule uhlobo olulodwa kuphela. Izithiyo ezibonakalayo ezifana nezembozo zemigqa nazo zivimbela ukuthuthwa kwempova uma zigcinwa phakathi nokuqhakaza kwezimbali.

Izinhlobo ze-heirloom zinikeza imiphumela ethembekile kakhulu yokonga imbewu. Lezi zinhlobo ze-open-pollen zikhiqiza izitshalo ezilingana nenzalo. Izinhlobo ze-hybrid aziveli embewini egciniwe futhi zikhiqiza imiphumela engalindelekile. Gxila emizamweni yakho yokonga imbewu ku-heirloom noma ezinhlotsheni ze-open-pollen kuphela.

Isithombe sendawo yemvilophu yembewu yephepha le-kraft enelebula elenziwe ngesandla egcwele imbewu yesinaphi egciniwe, ehlelwe etafuleni lokhuni eliyindilinga elinembewu ekhululekile nokukhanya kwemvelo okuthambile.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Ukucubungula Nokuhlola Imbewu Egciniwe

Hlanza kahle imbewu egciniwe ukuze ususe yonke imfucumfucu yezitshalo. Amakhoba kanye nemfucumfucu kungaba nezifo ezithinta ukutshalwa kwezitshalo esikhathini esizayo. Gcina imbewu ehlanzekile ngokuphelele, eyomile kuphela ezitsheni ezingangeni moya. Faka amalebula ezitsheni ngegama lohlobo, izici, kanye nosuku lokuvuna ukuze ubhekisele kuzo esikhathini esizayo.

Hlola amazinga okuhluma ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu egciniwe. Beka imbewu eyi-10 emathawula ephepha amanzi esikhwameni sepulasitiki esivaliwe. Gcina kufudumele futhi uhlole nsuku zonke ukuthi ihluma yini. Bala imbewu ehlume ngemva kwesonto elilodwa. Amazinga okuhluma angaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-70 abonisa ukuthi iyakwazi ukukhula kahle. Amazinga aphansi abonisa ukwanda kobuningi bembewu noma izidingo zokufaka esikhundleni sembewu.

Gcina imbewu egciniwe ezimweni ezipholile, ezomile, nezimnyama. Izinga lokushisa elifanele lokugcina liphakathi kuka-32-41°F. Amafriji asebenza kahle kakhulu ekugcineni imbewu. Faka amaphakethe ejeli le-silica ezitsheni ukulawula umswakama. Imbewu yesinaphi egcinwe kahle ihlala iphila iminyaka emi-3-5.

Ukukhulisa i-Mustard Ezitsheni Nasezindaweni Ezincane

Ukutshala izitsha kuletha ukutshalwa kwe-mustard kuma-patio, ama-balcony, kanye namagceke amancane. Le ndlela inikeza ukuguquguquka kubalimi abanesikhala esincane somhlabathi. Izitsha zivumela nokulawula okunembile izimo zokukhula okukhiqiza imiphumela emihle kakhulu kunoma iyiphi indawo.

Izitsha ezahlukahlukene ezigcwele izitshalo zesinaphi eziluhlaza eziqhakaza ebaleni lefulethi elinelanga elinombono wedolobha lasemadolobheni ngemuva.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Ukukhetha Izitsha Ezifanele

Usayizi wesitsha unquma impumelelo yesitshalo kanye nethuba lokuvuna. Ukujula okuncane kwesitsha okungamasentimitha angu-8 kusekela ukukhiqizwa kwamaqabunga ngokwanele. Izitsha ezijulile ezingamasentimitha angu-12-15 zisebenza kangcono ekukhiqizeni imbewu okuvumela ukukhula kwezimpande ezigcwele. Ububanzi abubalulekile kunobubanzi bokulima isinaphi.

Ukugeleza kwamanzi kubalulekile ukuze kuphumelele isitsha. Izitsha kumele zibe nemigodi eminingi yokugeleza amanzi evimbela ukunqwabelana kwamanzi. Phakamisa izitsha kancane usebenzisa izinyawo zebhodwe noma izitini. Lokhu kuphakama kuqinisekisa ukuthi amanzi amaningi ageleza kude nezimpande ezivimbela ukubola.

Ukukhetha izinto zokwakha kuthinta imvamisa yokunisela kanye nokushisa kwezimpande. I-Terracotta iphefumula kahle kodwa yoma ngokushesha edinga ukunisela njalo. Ipulasitiki igcina umswakama isikhathi eside kodwa ingashisa kakhulu elangeni eliqondile. Izikhwama zokukhulisa indwangu zinikeza ukugeleza kwamanzi okuhle kakhulu kanye nokusika izimpande ngomoya. Khetha izinto ezihambisana nesimiso sakho sokunakekela kanye nesimo sezulu.

Isithombe sendawo esibonisa izitsha ezahlukahlukene zokutshala isinaphi, okuhlanganisa izimbiza ze-terracotta, izimbiza zepulasitiki, izikhwama zokukhulisa izindwangu, amabhokisi ezinkuni, kanye nombhede ophakanyisiwe, konke kugqamisa usayizi kanye nemigodi yokukhipha amanzi.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Ingxube Yenhlabathi Yesinaphi Yesitsha

Ingxube yebhodwe esezingeni eliphezulu iqinisekisa impumelelo yokukhula kwesitsha. Ungalokothi usebenzise inhlabathi yengadi ezitsheni ngoba iyaqina futhi ayikhiphi amanzi kahle. Thenga ingxube yebhodwe yezentengiselwano noma udale izingxube ezenziwe ngokwezifiso usebenzisa i-peat moss, umquba, kanye ne-perlite. Ingxube kufanele izwakale ilula futhi ithambile uma yomile.

Faka umanyolo okhipha kancane engxubeni yezimbiza ngaphambi kokutshala. Izitshalo zesitsha zikhipha izakhamzimba ngokushesha kunokutshala emhlabathini. Umanyolo owengeziwe unikeza ukudla okunomsoco njalo izinyanga ezi-2-3. Faka umanyolo owuketshezi kamuva esizini uma izitshalo zibonisa izimpawu zokuntuleka kwezakhamzimba.

Ukugcinwa komswakama kubaluleke kakhulu ezitsheni. Hlanganisa ne-coco coir noma i-vermiculite ukuze uthuthukise amandla okugcina amanzi. Lezi zilungiso zivimbela inhlabathi ukuthi yome ngokushesha phakathi kokunisela. Ukugcinwa komswakama okufanele kunciphisa izidingo zansuku zonke zokunisela ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sezulu esishisayo.

Ukunisela Nokunakekela

Izitshalo ezisemathinini zidinga ukunisela njalo kunokutshala emhlabathini. Hlola umswakama wenhlabathi nsuku zonke ngokufaka umunwe wakho ujule ngamasentimitha angu-2. Nisela kahle uma inhlabathi izwakala yomile kulokhu kujula. Qinisekisa ukuthi amanzi ayaphuma emigodini engezansi eqinisekisa ukugcwala kwenhlabathi ngokuphelele.

Ukubekwa kwesitsha kuthinta izidingo zamanzi kanye nokukhula kwezitshalo. Izindawo ezigcwele ilanga zidinga ukuchelelwa nsuku zonke ngesikhathi sezulu esishisayo. Umthunzi oyingxenye unciphisa imvamisa yokuchelelwa kodwa unganciphisa ukukhula kancane. Jikelezisa izitsha masonto onke ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zitholakala elangeni ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke izinhlangothi futhi zikhuthaza ukukhula okulinganiselayo.

Yondla isitsha sesinaphi njalo emavikini ama-2-3 ngomanyolo oketshezi oxutshwe. Ukukhulisa isitsha kungenisa izakhamzimba ngokushesha kunokutshala emhlabathini. Ukondla njalo kugcina ukukhula okunamandla nokukhiqizwa kwamaqabunga athambile. Landela iziqondiso zelebula lomanyolo ukuze uthole amazinga afanele okuxutshwa.

Ukunisela ngensimbi kunganisela kancane izitshalo zesinaphi eziluhlaza ezinempilo ezikhula ezitsheni eziyisikwele ngaphandle elangeni lemvelo.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Izitsha Ezincane (amasentimitha angu-6-8)

Ilungele izitshalo eziluhlaza ezincane kanye nezitshalo ezincane eziluhlaza okotshani. Tshala kakhulu bese uvuna isitsha sonke lapho amaqabunga efinyelela ku-3-4 inches. Tshala kabusha njalo emavikini ama-2-3 ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokukhiqiza.

Isitsha esincane esingunxande esigcwele imifino emisha yesinaphi eqhakazile ekhula eduze enhlabathini emnyama, sithathwe izithombe ngendlela ehlelekile.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Iziqukathi Eziphakathi (10-12 amayintshi)

Kuhle kakhulu ekukhiqizeni amaqabunga avuthiwe kusetshenziswa indlela yokusika bese uphinda ubuye. Itshala izitshalo eziqhelelene ngamasentimitha angu-4-6. Inikeza isivuno esiningi ezinyangeni ezi-2-3 kusukela ekutshalweni kanye.

Isitsha esiphakathi esigcwele amaqabunga e-mustard avuthiwe alungele ukuvunwa engadini.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Iziqukathi Ezinkulu (14+ amayintshi)

Kuyadingeka ekukhiqizweni kwembewu okuvumela ukukhula kwezitshalo ngokugcwele. Kufaka izitshalo endaweni eqhelelene ngamasentimitha angu-8-12. Kusekela umjikelezo wokuphila ophelele kusukela ekuhlumeni kuze kube sekuvunweni kwembewu.

Isitsha esikhulu sendwangu emnyama egcwele izitshalo zesinaphi ezikhula iziqu zembewu ezinde nezimbali eziphuzi endaweni enelanga engadini.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Izinto Ezicatshangelwayo Nezeluleko Zokukhula Kwesizini

I-mustard ikhula ngendlela ehlukile kuzo zonke izinkathi zonyaka ezidinga amasu alungisiwe. Ukuqonda izinselele namathuba ezinkathi zonyaka kuthuthukisa imiphumela yakho unyaka wonke. Isikhathi esinqunyiwe kanye nokukhetha izinhlobo zezitshalo kwandisa umkhiqizo ngale kwamafasitela avamile okukhula okufushane.

Ikholaji yesimo sendawo ekhombisa izitshalo zesinaphi eziqhakaza entwasahlobo, isiqongo sasehlobo, isigaba sembewu yasekwindla, kanye neqhwa lasebusika kumaphaneli amane esizini aqondile.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Amasu Okutshala Entwasahlobo

Intwasahlobo inikeza izimo ezinhle zokukhula kwe-mustard ezindaweni eziningi. Amazinga okushisa apholile kanye nokukhanya kwelanga okwandayo kukhuthaza ukukhula okusheshayo nokuthambile. Qala ukutshala amasonto angu-4-6 ngaphambi kosuku lokugcina lwesithwathwa lapho inhlabathi ingasebenza khona. Ukutshala kwasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuvame ukukhiqiza amaqabunga ekhwalithi ephezulu.

Gada izibikezelo zesimo sezulu ukuze uthole izehlakalo zeqhwa elifike sekwephuzile. Mboza izithombo ezincane ngezimbozo zemigqa noma ama-cloche uma iqhwa eliqinile lisongela. Lokhu kuvikela okulula kuvimbela umonakalo ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukukhula. Susa izimbozo uma ingozi idlula ukuze uvimbele ukushisa ngokweqile.

Qaphela ukuqhakaza okusheshayo njengoba intwasahlobo iqhubekela ehlobo. Izitshalo zizwa ubude bosuku obukhulayo kanye namazinga okushisa afudumele abangela ukuqhakaza. Vuna ngamandla njengoba isimo sezulu sifudumala. Shintshela ezinhlotsheni ezibekezelela ukushisa ukuze utshale ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo noma ume kuze kube sekwindla.

Izithombo ezincane zesinaphi zihluma enhlabathini emnyama, emanzi engadini yokuqala kwentwasahlobo, zikhanyiswa ukukhanya kwelanga kwasekuseni okufudumele.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Izinselele Zokukhula Kwasehlobo

Ukushisa kwasehlobo kuyinselele ekukhiqizweni kwe-mustard ezindaweni eziningi. Amazinga okushisa aphezulu abangela ukunambitheka okubabayo kanye nokushaqeka okusheshayo. Iningi labalimi liyakweqa ukulima kwe-mustard ehlobo ngokugxila kwezinye izitshalo. Kodwa-ke, amanye amasu avumela ukukhiqizwa kwehlobo okulinganiselwe.

Umthunzi wasemini unweba ukukhula kwehlobo ezindaweni ezishisayo. Tshala isinaphi lapho izitshalo ezinde zinikeza khona umthunzi wemvelo. Indwangu yomthunzi enciphisa ukuchayeka elangeni ngamaphesenti angu-30-50 nayo isebenza kahle. Lokhu kushintsha amazinga okushisa aphansi ngokwanele ukuze kukhule kahle.

Khetha izinhlobo ezibekezelela ukushisa ezizalelwe izimo zasehlobo. Lezi zinhlobo zimelana nokubola isikhathi eside kunezinhlobo ezijwayelekile. Izinhlobo zesinaphi zase-Asia zivame ukubekezelela ukushisa kangcono kunezinhlobo zaseYurophu. Zama izinhlobo ezahlukene ukuze uthole izinhlobo eziphumelelayo ezimweni zakho ezithile.

Izinzuzo Zokukhula Kwekwindla

Ikwindla inikeza isizini engcono kakhulu yokukhula kwesinaphi ezindaweni eziningi. Amazinga okushisa apholile avimbela ukubola kwezitshalo ngenkathi ekhuthaza amaqabunga amnandi, athambile. Izinambuzane ezimbalwa ziphazamisa ukutshalwa kwezitshalo ekwindla okunciphisa izidingo zokuphatha. Abalimi abaningi babheka isinaphi ekhule ekwindla njengengcono kunezitshalo zasentwasahlobo.

Isikhathi sokutshala ekwindla ngokucophelela esifundeni sakho. Bala ubuyele emuva kusukela eqhweni elilindelwe kuqala okuvumela isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezinhlobo kanye nokuvimbela amasonto amabili. Lesi sikhathi siqinisekisa ukuthi izitshalo zivuthwa ngaphambi kokubulala iqhwa. Amazinga okushisa ekwindla apholile akhula kancane adinga isikhathi esengeziwe uma kuqhathaniswa nentwasahlobo.

Yandisa isivuno sasekwindla usebenzisa amasu alula okwandisa isizini. Izembozo zemigqa zivikela emakhazeni amancane okuvumela amasonto amaningana engeziwe okukhiqiza. Amafreyimu abandayo noma imigudu ephansi inikeza isivikelo esingcono nakakhulu. Lezi zakhiwo zisekela isivuno kuze kube sebusika ezindaweni ezipholile.

Isithombe sendawo esibonakalayo sezitshalo zesinaphi eziphuzi eziqhakazayo eziqhakaza ensimini eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngaphansi kokukhanya kwelanga okuthambile kwekwindla.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Amathuba Okukhula Ebusika

Ukutshala isinaphi ebusika kuyaphumelela ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esithambile 7-11. Amazinga okushisa angaphezu kwama-20°F avumela izinhlobo eziningi zase-Asia ukuba ziphile futhi zikhule kancane. Ukutshala ebusika kunikeza imifino emisha lapho eminye imifino embalwa ibekezelela izimo ezibandayo.

Amafreyimu abandayo enza kube nokwenzeka ukukhulisa ubusika ezindaweni ezibandayo. Lezi zakhiwo ezilula zibamba ukushisa kwelanga okufudumeza indawo ekhulayo. Faka umoya ezinsukwini ezinelanga ukuze uvimbele ukushisa ngokweqile. Ukukhula kwasebusika kuhamba kancane kodwa kuzinzile okunikeza isivuno esisha ngezikhathi ezithile ngisho nasezinyangeni ezibandayo.

Izitshalo ezikhula ebusika ziqala ukukhula ngamandla ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. I-mustard etshalwe ekwindla esinda ebusika ikhiqiza isivuno sokuqala sentwasahlobo. Lezi zitshalo ezikhula ebusika zivame ukukhula ngokushesha njengoba izinsuku ziqhubeka. Zivune kusenesikhathi ngaphambi kokuba izitshalo ezintsha zentwasahlobo zivuthwe.

Izitshalo ze-mustard zikhula ngamandla ngaphansi kwendwangu emhlophe yokumboza umugqa engadini yasebusika, lapho ukukhanya kwelanga okuthambile kuhlunga khona ngomhubhe ovikelayo.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Ukuqala Uhambo Lwakho Lokukhulisa I-Mustard

Ukutshala imasitadi yakho kushintsha ulwazi lwakho lokulima. Lezi zitshalo ezikhula ngokushesha zivuza abaqalayo ngempumelelo esheshayo ngenkathi zinikeza izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuphonsela inselelo abalimi abanolwazi. Uhambo oluvela ezinhlanyelweni ezincane luye emifino emisha noma izinongo ezenziwe ekhaya lukuxhumanisa ngqo nokudla kwakho.

Qala kancane ngezitshalo ezimbalwa ukuze ufunde izidingo zesinaphi ezimweni zakho ezithile. Yandisa ukutshala kwakho njengoba ukuzethemba kukhula. Zama ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuthola izintandokazi zakho. Isikhathi ngasinye sokutshala sifundisa izifundo ezithuthukisa imiphumela yesikhathi esizayo.

Ukwaneliseka kokuvuna imasitadi etshalwe ekhaya ukuze kwenziwe amasangweji noma ukwenza imasitadi yakho ensundu ebabayo kudlula noma iyiphi enye indlela ethengwa esitolo. Ulawula izindlela zokukhulisa ukuqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa okungenazo izibulala-zinambuzane eziphilayo. Ukunambitheka kwamaqabunga asanda kukhiwa kanye nembewu elungiselelwe kahle kudlula imikhiqizo yezentengiselwano.

Yabelana ngesivuno sakho nabangani nomakhelwane ubazisa ngamathuba okupheka e-mustard. Londoloza imbewu ezitshalweni ezinhle kakhulu ezidala izinhlobo ezilungiselelwe endaweni. Joyina umphakathi wabalimi abaphinde bathole lesi sitshalo esingaziswanga kahle. Ingadi yakho ye-mustard ikulindele ngokunakekelwa okulula okukuvuza kakhulu.

Umlimi ojabulayo uvuna imifino yesinaphi engadini yasekhaya evundile enezimbali zegolide kanye nendlu ekhangayo ngemuva.
Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Ukufunda Okuqhubekayo

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