Ama-Hops ku-Beer Brewing: Cluster (e-United States)

Ukusondelana kwama-Cluster hops aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka anamaconsi amade phezu kokhuni, kanye nefektri yobhiya yasemaphandleni kanye nemigqomo efiphele kancane ngemuva. Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Ama-hop e-Cluster (e-United States) adumile ngokusebenza kwawo okuqinile ensimini kanye nokuqina okuhle kakhulu kokugcina. Anikeza izimfanelo ze-alpha nephunga elihambisanayo, okwenza abe afaneleke kokubili ngezinjongo zokubaba kanye nephunga elimnandi. Uhlobo lwe-hop i-Cluster lunezela amanothi amancane ezithelo, utshani, kanye namakhambi, okuhambisana ne-malt ngaphandle kokuyinqoba. Lokhu kuwenza abe ukukhetha okuthandwayo kwezivivinyo ze-single-hop kanye nezindlela zokupheka ze-hop ezihlanganisiwe.

Esikhathini esidlule, ama-Cluster hop ayebusa indawo yama-hop ase-US ingxenye enkulu yekhulu lama-20. Namuhla, ayaqhubeka nokuba yingxenye ebalulekile yabenzi bobhiya abahlose ukuthola imiphumela ethembekile, ukubaba okucacile, kanye nophawu lwendabuko lwama-hop aseMelika kokubili kuma-ales nama-lager.

Okuthathwayo Okubalulekile

• Ama-hops e-Cluster (e-United States) ayizinhlobo zase-US ezindala ezithandwa ngenxa yokuguquguquka nokuthembeka.
• I-American Cluster hop inikeza ukubilisa okulinganiselayo nephunga elihlanzekile, elinezimbali kancane.
• I-Cluster ehlukahlukene ye-hop igcina kahle futhi inikeza ukusebenza okulinganayo kuzo zonke izitayela.
• Ama-hops e-Cluster anikela ngezithelo ezincane, utshani, kanye namanothi emifino ngaphandle kokubusa ubhiya.
• Iqembu lihlala libalulekile ekudaleni kabusha amaphrofayili omlando kabhiya waseMelika.

Ukubuka konke kwama-hops e-Cluster (e-United States)

Ama-hops e-Cluster abe yitshe lesisekelo ekwenzeni ubhiya baseMelika kusukela ngekhulu le-19. Ayaziwa ngokuba mnandi njalo kanye nephunga lawo elithambile. Lokhu kuwenza abe ukukhetha okuguquguqukayo kwezinhlobo eziningi zokwenziwa ubhiya.

Ama-hop eqembu anosayizi ophakathi nendawo, ubuningi obuncane, futhi avuthiwe phakathi nesizini. Akhula ngamandla futhi athela kakhulu, ngokuvamile aphakathi kuka-1600–2140 kg ngehektha. Lezi zici zenze kwaba ukukhetha okuvelele endaweni yama-hop yase-US amashumi eminyaka.

Engilazini, ama-Cluster hop abonisa ukubaba okuhlanzekile, okungathathi hlangothi kanye nama-flower athambile okubabayo. Uma esetshenziswa sekwephuzile, aveza ama-blackberry, izinongo, utshani, amakhambi, kanye nemibala ethambile yokhuni. Lokhu kudala iphrofayili yokunambitheka eyinkimbinkimbi kodwa efinyelelekayo.

Ama-hops e-Cluster ahlukile phakathi kwezinhlobo zaseMelika ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwawo okunezinhloso ezimbili. Ahamba phambili kokubili ngokubabayo kanye nephunga elimnandi, okuvumela abenzi bobhiya ukuthi benze ubhiya bomlando nobesimanje. Imvelo yabo elinganiselayo ifanela ama-lagers, abathwali bezimpahla, kanye nama-ales endabuko.

• Ukubaba okulinganiselwe kanye nephunga elimnandi
• Usayizi wekhoni ophakathi kanye nokuminyana okuhlangene
• Isivuno esikhulu kanye nokuvuthwa kwaphakathi nesizini
• Amanothi anuka njengezithelo, amakhambi, kanye nephunga elifana notshani

Ama-hop e-Cluster ahlala eyindlela ewusizo kubapheki bebhiya abafuna ukusebenza okubikezelwayo. Iphrofayili yabo eqondile kanye nezici ezihambisanayo zilungele ukudala kabusha izitayela zakudala zaseMelika. Aphinde afaneleke kahle ezinhlelweni zesimanje zokukhiqiza ubhiya.

Imvelaphi kanye nozalo olungaziwa lwe-Cluster

I-Cluster ibilokhu iyitshe elibalulekile ekwenzeni ubhiya baseMelika iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu. Ukuthembeka kwayo kwenze kwaba yinto ethandwa kakhulu ngabalimi kanye nabenzi bobhiya ngokufanayo. Izimpande ze-Cluster hops zigxile kakhulu ezinsukwini zokuqala zokulima i-hop e-US kanye nokwenza ubhiya bezentengiselwano.

Amarekhodi ezitshalo ku-Cluster awanele, okushiya umlando wayo uyimfihlakalo. Ochwepheshe bacabanga ukuthi kungaba ukuxutshwa kwezinhlobo zaseYurophu nezitshalo zesilisa zasendaweni. Lokhu kungaqiniseki kwenza ukukhomba uhlu lwazo oluqondile kube yindaba yocwaningo oluqhubekayo.

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, i-Cluster yayilawula amasimu e-hop ase-US. Yayimboze cishe u-96% wendawo yama-hop, igcina ukubuswa kwayo kuze kube sekupheleni kwawo-1970. Lokhu kusetshenziswa kabanzi kwathonya kakhulu umlando wama-hop e-Cluster ebhiya laseMelika.

Imvelaphi yeCluster isalokhu iyisihloko socwaningo lomlando lokwenziwa kwebhiya kanye nokuvuselelwa kwezindlela zokupheka. Izici zayo ezisebenzayo kanye nokutholakala kwayo kabanzi kwenza kwaba yinto ebalulekile kudala ngaphambi kokufika kwezinhlelo zokuzalanisa zesimanje. Lezi zinhlelo sezicacise uhlu lwezinhlobo eziningi ze-hop.

Iphrofayili ye-Alpha ne-beta acid ye-Cluster

Ama-hops e-Cluster aziwa ngamakhono awo okubaba kanye nephunga elilinganiselayo. Awela ngaphansi kwesilinganiso esimaphakathi samanani okubaba e-hop. Ngokuvamile, okuqukethwe yi-alpha acid ye-Cluster kuhluka kusuka ku-5.5% kuya ku-9%. Lokhu kuwenza abe ukukhetha okuguquguqukayo kwabenzi bobhiya abahlose ukubaba okulinganiselayo ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zobhiya.

Ama-beta acid ku-Cluster anegalelo ekuzinzeni kwayo kwe-oxidative kanye nokubaba kwangemuva. Ama-beta acid e-Cluster avame ukuba phakathi kuka-4% no-6%. Lokhu kusekela isitoreji sesikhathi eside futhi kuqinisekisa ukuba khona kolimi olubushelelezi uma kungezwa ngesikhathi sesigaba se-kettle.

Ukwakheka kwamafutha e-Cluster kungenye into efaka isandla edumeleni layo lezinhloso ezimbili. Okuqukethwe kwamafutha okuphelele kuncane, kusukela ku-0.4–0.8 mL ngamagremu ayi-100. I-Myrcene ibusa iphrofayili, yakha u-38%–55% wamafutha. I-Humulene ne-caryophyllene ziyalandela, ngamaphesenti angu-15%–20% kanye no-6%–10%, ngokulandelana.

Iphesenti le-co-humulone ku-Cluster liphakeme kakhulu, lisukela ku-36%–42%. Lesi sici singathinta umbono wokubaba, ngisho nangamazinga e-alpha aphakathi. Sivumela i-Cluster ukuthi inikeze ukubaba okuyisiyingi kanye nokunambitheka kwezithelo noma okumnyama uma isetshenziswa ngobuningi obukhulu.

• Uhla lwe-Alpha acid Cluster: 5.5%–9%.
• Ama-beta acid eqembu: cishe 4%–6%.
• Uwoyela ojwayelekile ophelele: 0.4–0.8 mL/100 g; i-myrcene dominant.

Uma ukhetha i-Cluster ye-kettle hopping, cabanga ngamanani ayo okubilisa i-hop kanye nokwakheka kwamafutha. Lokhu kulinganisela kuqinisekisa ukuthi ingasebenza njenge-hop enezinhloso ezimbili ethembekile. Ivumelana kahle nezikhathi ze-yeast, i-malt, kanye ne-hopping, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuguquguqukayo kwabenzi bobhiya.

Isithombe esiseduze sendawo yama-Cluster hop cones aluhlaza okotshani alengiswe emvinini anamaqabunga elangeni elifudumele. Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Izici zephunga nokunambitheka kwama-Cluster hops

Ama-hops e-Cluster aveza iphunga eliqondile, kusukela kokuhlanzekile kuya kwelezimbali ezithambile. Lapho ama-cones ehlikihlwa noma echotshozwa, kuvela iphunga elikhanyayo le-hop ye-blackberry. Lokhu kuhambisana nezinongo ezincane kanye nezinkomba zezimbali ezithambile.

Kubhiya obuqediwe, iphrofayili yokunambitheka kweCluster iyashintsha, yethula amanothi e-hop anjengezinongo zokhuni. Abapheki bebhiya baphawula amathoni anjengezinongo kanye notshani ngaphansi kwezithelo kanye nezakhi zezimbali. Lokhu kudala umgogodla ocacile, onjengomhlaba ebhiya.

Uma isetshenziswa kancane, i-Cluster inezela ukuthamba kwezimbali okuthambile kanye nokubaba okuncane. Kodwa-ke, uma isetshenziswa kakhulu, izici zezithelo ezimnyama ziyacaca kakhulu. Iphunga le-blackberry hop liba sobala kakhulu, lithuthukisa ama-ale e-amber kanye nama-porters ngokujula.

• Imibono eyinhloko: inezithelo futhi inezimbali kancane.
• Imibono yesibili: utshani, izitshalo, kanye nokhuni.
• Uma kugxilwe kakhulu: iphunga elizwakalayo le-blackberry hop kanye namanothi e-hop anomuthi.

Ukuguquguquka kwe-Cluster kuyenza ibe yintandokazi phakathi kwabenzi bobhiya. Ihambisana nobhiya obuvela ku-malt, inezela iphunga elihlanganisiwe ngaphandle kokweqisa okusanhlamvu. Ubunzima bayo obucashile kanye nohlamvu lwayo lwezinongo oluvinjelwe kusekela izitayela eziningi zendabuko zaseMelika.

Iqembu njenge-hop enezinhloso ezimbili

I-Cluster iyi-hop ethembekile enezinhloso ezimbili phakathi kwabakhiqizi bobhiya base-US. Inikeza ama-alpha acid aphakathi nendawo ukuze kube mnandi e-kettle. Iphinde ilethe amanothi ezithelo ezithambile nezimnandi uma ingezwa sekwephuzile.

Abapheki bebhiya basebenzisa i-Cluster kokubili ukubilisa kanye nephunga elimnandi ezindleleni zokupheka ezilinganiselayo. Ihamba phambili njengesengezo sokuqala sokubilisa kanye nesengezo sekwephuzile noma se-whirlpool sokuthuthukisa ukunambitheka okuncane.

Ukubilisa kanye nephunga likaCluster kufaneleka ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinhlobo. Cabanga ngeBarley Wine, iPorter, i-English Pale Ale, i-Amber Ale, i-Honey Ale, i-Cream Ale, kanye ne-American Lager yakudala. Lezi zinhlobo zizuza kokubili ekubiliseni kanye nephunga.

• Ubhiya be-single-hop: I-Cluster ingazimela yodwa ukuze ibonise ubunjalo be-hop ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-malt eningi kakhulu.
• Izindlela ezihlanganisiwe: Hlanganisa i-Cluster enezinhlobo zezimbali noma ze-citrus ukuze ihlanganise ukubaba futhi ingeze ubunzima.
• Ukukhiqizwa kabusha komlando: Iphrofayili yayo elinganiselayo ifanela izindlela zokupheka zendabuko ezidinga umlingiswa we-hop waseMelika wangempela.

Kokubili ekwenzeni ubhiya bezentengiselwano nasekhaya, ukuguquguquka kweCluster akunakuqhathaniswa. Kungaba umgogodla wokubaba, bese kuthuthukiswa ngephunga elimnandi kamuva. Lokhu kuvumela abenzi bobhiya ukuthi basebenzise ngokugcwele amandla ayo e-hop anezinjongo ezimbili.

Izinzuzo zokugcina nokucubungula

Ama-hop e-Cluster abe yinto ebalulekile ekwenzeni ubhiya bezentengiselwano ngenxa yokuqina kwawo okuthembekile kokugcina ama-hop. Izinkampani ezinkulu zokwenza ubhiya ziyawazisa loluhlobo ngenxa yomnikelo walo ohlala uvutha. Lokhu kubalulekile ngezintambo zokulethwa ezinde kanye nezimo zokugcina ezahlukahlukene.

Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi i-alpha acid retention Cluster igcina cishe u-80%–85% wama-alpha acid ayo ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ku-20°C (68°F). Leli zinga eliphezulu lokugcinwa linciphisa ukuhlukahluka kwe-batch-to-batch. Futhi kwenza kube lula ukulungisa lapho abenzi bokwenza ubhiya be-oda ngobuningi.

Izinzuzo zokucubungula zidlulela ngale kokuqina kwamakhemikhali. Ama-cluster cones acindezelwa kahle ukuze kufakwe i-pelletizing kanye nokupakisha nge-vacuum. Lokhu kunciphisa ukuthathwa komoya-mpilo ngesikhathi sokuthutha. Kusiza ekulondolozeni iphunga elingaphambili kanye namandla okubaba kokubili ukuthunyelwa kwasekhaya kanye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.

• I-Cluster yokugcina i-alpha acid njalo inciphisa ukumuncwa kobumuncu phakathi nezinkathi zonyaka.
• Ukuqina kwesitoreji se-hop okufakazelwe kunciphisa isidingo sokuhlaziywa kabusha njalo kwempahla egciniwe.
• Izici ezinhle zokuphatha zinciphisa ukulahleka kwezinto ngesikhathi sokugaya kanye nokukhiqizwa kwama-pellet.

Kwabenzi bobhiya bezandla besifunda, lezi zici ziqinisekisa ukusebenza okubikezelwayo lapho kushintshaniswa phakathi kwezinhlobo ezintsha nezindala. Emisebenzini emikhulu, ukugcinwa kwe-Cluster kusekela ukuthengwa okuhlanganisiwe. Kuphinde kuvumele imijikelezo emide eshelufini kanye nokuhanjiswa kwezinto okulula.

Ukusondelana kwama-hop cones aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ane-dew ngaphambili, abekwe eceleni kwemishini yokwenza ubhiya efiphele kancane kanye nokukhanya kwemvelo okufudumele endaweni yokwenza ubhiya yasemaphandleni. Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Izitayela ezijwayelekile zokwenziwa kobhiya ezifanela i-Cluster

Ama-hops e-Cluster ayakwazi ukusetshenziswa ngezindlela eziningi, afanelana kahle nezindlela zokupheka zendabuko zaseMelika naseNgilandi. Afaneleka kakhulu ama-ales azuza ngokuba khona kwe-hop enokhuni, ebabayo, nezimbali. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokubangela ukuba ubhiya uzizwe umunyu.

Izitayela zakudala ze-Cluster zifaka phakathi i-English Pale Ale, i-Amber Ale, kanye ne-Porter. Lezi zitayela zivumela umlingiswa we-malt ukuthi athathe indawo ephambili. Okwamanje, i-hop inezela ukuphakanyiswa okuncane kwezitshalo.

Ubhiya obunamandla obuhamba phambili nge-malt njenge-Barley Wine kanye ne-Brown Porter nabo bahambisana kahle ne-Cluster. Kula mabhiya, i-hop ihambisana nama-caramel nama-toffee. Inezela ubunzima kuma-malt amakhulu.

Ubhiya obulula, obufinyelelekayo njenge-Cream Ale ne-Honey Ale nawo afaneleka kwi-Cluster. Umgogodla wezimbali uthuthukisa ukunambitheka koju kanye ne-malt elula. Lokhu ukwenza ngaphandle kokuzifihla.

I-Cluster in lagers ithola ikhaya lemvelo e-American Lager. Uma isetshenziswa ngokucophelela, i-Cluster in lagers inikeza umngcele othambile wezimbali nezinongo. Lokhu kugcina amaphrofayili e-lager ahlanzekile ethakazelisa.

Kwabenzi bobhiya abahlose ukuphinda izindlela zokupheka zomlando, i-Cluster iyisinqumo esingcono kakhulu. Iphrofayili yayo yendabuko isiza ekukhiqizeni ubhiya obudala baseMelika nobesikhathi samakoloni. Inezela uhlamvu lwe-hop lwangempela kulezi ziphuzo.

• Ubhiya be-Cluster hops: i-English Pale Ale, i-Amber Ale, i-Porter
• Ubhiya be-Cluster hops: Iwayini le-Barley, i-Brown Porter
• Ubhiya be-Cluster hops: i-Cream Ale, i-Honey Ale, i-American Lager

Uma udala izindlela zokupheka, ibhalansi ibalulekile. Sebenzisa i-Cluster ukuze ugcwalise ukuceba kwe-malt, hhayi ukuze ulawule. Ukwengeza okuncane kuma-whirlpool noma ama-kettle hops asekupheleni kuvame ukuveza imiphumela emihle kakhulu yalezi zitayela.

Indlela yokusebenzisa ama-Cluster hops e-kettle kanye ne-dry hopping

Ama-hops e-Cluster ayakwazi ukusetshenziswa kakhulu lapho ebila. Ukwengezwa kokuqala kuqinisekisa ukubaba okubushelelezi okuhambisana ne-malt. Le ndlela ivimbela ukubaba kube nzima.

Ukweqa i-kettle ngemuva kwesikhathi kuletha ukunambitheka kwezithelo ezimnyama kanye namakhambi. Ukwengezwa kwemizuzu eyi-10-15 kuthuthukisa iphunga. Ukwengezwa okukhulu kugcizelela amanothi ezinkuni kanye notshani, kulondoloza ukucaca kwe-malt.

Imvelo ye-Cluster enezinhloso ezimbili yenza ifaneleke kokubili ukubaba kanye nephunga elimnandi. Kunconywa isheduli yokuhlukanisa: ukubaba ama-hops ngemizuzu engama-60, ngaphezulu ngemizuzu eyi-10, kanye nesitendi esifushane sokuhamba. Lokhu kuthatha amafutha aguquguqukayo njenge-myrcene kanye ne-humulene.

Ukweqa i-dry hop nge-Cluster kuthuthukisa amanothi ezithelo namakhambi. Sebenzisa amanani aphakathi ukuze ulondoloze ibhalansi. Ngezitayela zomlando, indlela ye-dry hop evinjelwe igcina ubuqiniso ngenkathi ikhulisa iphunga.

• Kuma-ales alinganiselayo: 50% ukubilisa kwasekuqaleni, 30% ukugxuma nge-kettle sekwephuzile nge-Cluster, 20% indlela ye-dry hop Cluster.
• Ukuze uthole ubhiya obuningi obunephunga elimnandi: nciphisa ukwengeza kwasekuqaleni, khulisa ama-Cluster technique batches e-hop ephuzile neyomile.
• Uma ufuna ubhiya obunomunyu: gcizelela ukwengeza i-Cluster hop kusenesikhathi bese unciphisa ukuphuza i-dry hop.

Ama-hop stands after flameout angakhipha ama-ester anezimbali nezithelo ku-Cluster. Izikhathi ezimfushane zokuthintana zivimbela amanothi otshani. Ukugxuma okubandayo okumile kwembula izithelo ezimnandi kanye namaphuzu amancane ezitshalo.

I-Cluster ingaphatha imithamo ephezulu ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-malt kakhulu. Lungisa inani ngokusekelwe kwisitayela kanye nephunga olifunayo. Nambitha njalo uma uzama i-kettle hopping kanye ne-dry hopping nge-Cluster ukuze uthole imiphumela emihle.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-hop kanye ne-malt okuhambisanayo

Ama-Cluster hop ethula amanothi aqinile, ashisayo, kanye nezimbali, afanele ubhiya obuvela ku-malt. Ahlanganiswe ne-Maris Otter, i-Munich, kanye ne-medium crystal malts ye-toffee ne-caramel. Lawa ma-malt athuthukisa ukunambitheka kwezithelo ezimnyama kanye noqweqwe lwesinkwa, okuvumela iphrofayili ehlukile ye-Cluster ukuthi ikhanye.

Uma uhlanganisa ama-hop, khetha ama-hop ahambisanayo aneza i-citrus noma i-resinous lift ngamanani amancane. I-Galena ingaqinisa ukubaba nomzimba. I-Eroica inikeza ukunemba kwezithelo, ithuthukisa amathoni ezithelo zamatshe ngenkathi igcina ibhalansi.

Uma wenza izindlela zokupheka, sebenzisa ama-hops akhanyayo, ane-citrus ngokulawula. Wafake sekwephuzile lapho ebila noma kuma-hops amafushane omile. Le ndlela iqinisekisa ukuthi iphunga le-Cluster le-herbal kanye ne-hay lihlala livelele, kanye nama-hops ahambisanayo aneza umehluko omkhulu.

• I-Porter ne-Stout: i-roast ne-chocolate malts enezengezo ezincane ze-Galena njengomgogodla.
• I-Amber Ale kanye ne-English Pale: I-Maris Otter kanye nekristalu eliphakathi; hlanganisa ne-Eroica noma ukuthinta kwe-Centennial ukuze kukhanye.
• Iwayini lebhali: iMunich ecebile kanye ne-crystal malts emnyama; ilinganisela kancane ngama-hops ane-resin ukuze igcine ukujula.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-malt nama-Cluster hops kufanele kufane nezithelo zayo ezimnyama kanye nemiphetho efana nokhuni. Engeza iphesenti elincane le-barley eyosiwe noma i-chocolate malt ngezitayela eziqinile zesakhiwo. Vumela ama-hops ahambisanayo agcwalise izikhala, athuthukise iphunga noma ukubaba ngokukhetha.

Empeleni, hlola ukwengeza okukodwa ngamaqoqo okuqala. Lungisa isikhathi se-hop kanye namaphesenti e-malt kuze kube yilapho i-Cluster ihlangana nobhiya njengento ehlangene. Le ndlela ikhiqiza ubhiya onemiphumela ehlukene nelinganiselayo.

I-Cluster hops entsha eluhlaza enamasaka e-burlap e-caramel kanye ne-malts eyosiwe etafuleni lokhuni lasemaphandleni, elikhanyiswe ukukhanya kwemvelo okufudumele. Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Izici ezikhulayo kanye nokusebenza kwensimu

Ama-hop e-Cluster abonisa amandla amakhulu kanye nesivinini sokukhula okuphezulu, afaneleka kahle ezindaweni eziningi ze-hop zase-US. Abalimi bayakwazisa ukukhula okuqinile kwe-bine ye-Cluster kanye ne-cone ethembekile ebekwe kuzo zonke izimo zezulu ezahlukene.

Amasimu ane-Cluster ngokuvamile akhiqiza inani elikhulu le-hop, elisukela ku-1600–2140 kg ngehektare (1420–1900 lbs ngehektare). Ama-cone aphakathi ngobukhulu, anobukhulu obuncane kanye nokuvuthwa kwaphakathi nesizini. Lokhu kusiza ekuhleleni izikhathi zokuvuna.

Iqembu libonisa ukumelana okuphawulekayo negciwane le-Prunus necrotic ring-spot, okuyinzuzo enkulu ekutshalweni kwesikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, lihlala lisengozini ye-downy mildew kanye ne-powdery mildew. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlola njalo kanye nokufutha ngesikhathi kubalulekile.

Ukuvuna kungaba yinselele ngenxa yama-cone aminyene kanye nemibhede emincane. Ukuvuna ngomshini akuphumelelanga kahle uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zesimanje. Naphezu kwalokhu, abalimi abaningi bezentengiselwano baye bamukela lokhu kushintshana ngokusebenza kwensimu okuthembekile kwe-Cluster eminyakeni edlule.

• Amandla: izinga lokukhula eliphezulu kakhulu, ukukhula okusheshayo kwe-bine.
• Isivuno: isivuno se-hop Iqembu livame ukufinyelela ku-1600–2140 kg/ha.
• Ukuvuthwa: phakathi nesizini, usayizi wekhoni ophakathi nendawo kanye nokuxinana okuncane.
• Iphrofayili yesifo: ukumelana nesifo Iqembu lamagciwane athile; lisengozini yokungenwa yisikhunta.
• Ukuvuna: kunzima kakhulu kunezinhlobo ezintsha, ngokuvamile ezidinga ukuphathwa ngokucophelela.

Umlando omude weCluster ekukhiqizeni e-US wenza kube ukukhetha okujwayelekile kubalimi abafuna imbuyiselo ezinzile. Abaphathi basensimini bayakwazisa ukusebenza kwayo okuqhubekayo kanye nezikhathi ezibikezelwayo, okwenza kube uhlobo oluvivinywe isikhathi.

Izilinganiso ezibalulekile zokwenziwa kobhiya kanye nokuhlaziywa

Abapheki bebhiya bathembele ekuhlaziyweni okuningiliziwe kwe-hop ukuze benze ubhiya ophelele. Ama-hop e-Cluster aziwa ngama-alpha acid awo, asukela ku-5.5% kuya ku-9%, kanye nama-beta acid asukela ku-4% kuya ku-6%. Lawa manani aqinisekisa ukuhambisana kwe-Cluster kokubili ekufakweni kwe-kettle kanye nama-hop aphuzile.

Iphunga lama-Cluster hops lakhiwe okuqukethwe uwoyela wawo, okuphakathi kuka-0.4 no-0.8 mL/100 g. Ukwakheka kwamafutha e-hop kugcwele i-myrcene, okwenza u-38% kuya ku-55% wenani eliphelele. I-Humulene, i-caryophyllene, ne-farnesene nazo zidlala indima, zinegalelo ezithelo, utshani, kanye namanothi ezitshalo ezifakwe kamuva.

I-co-humulone yeqembu ngokuvamile iphakathi kuka-36% no-42% wengxenye ye-alpha. Leli phesenti lithinta ubukhali bokubaba, lisiza abenzi bobhiya ekulinganiseni ama-IBU. Ama-alpha acid asezingeni eliphakathi anikeza ukubaba okubushelelezi, kuyilapho izilinganiso eziphezulu ziletha amanothi ezithelo ezimnyama.

Izinqumo zokugcina kanye nezokuqoqwa kwezimpahla nazo zisekelwe kudatha yokuhlaziywa kwe-hop. Ama-hop e-cluster agcina cishe ama-80% kuya kuma-85% ama-alpha acid awo ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ku-20°C. Leli zinga lokugcina lisekela isu lokugcina amasheya aphakathi nendawo ukuze aguge noma asetshenziswe ngokushesha, ngokusekelwe ekushintsheni kwefektri yobhiya.

Ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zilinganiso ngokoqobo kuhilela ukusebenzisa izithako zakuqala ukuze kube nokubilisa okuhlanzekile kanye nezithako ezifika sekwephuzile ukuze kube nephunga elimnandi. Ama-hops e-Cluster angasetshenziswa njengezinhloso ezimbili, alinganise isikhathi sokubilisa kanye nomthamo.

Uma udala izindlela zokupheka, faka ama-metric ayisihluthulelo kanye ne-IBU eqondiwe. Qhathanisa i-alpha, i-beta, kanye ne-co-humulone elinganisiwe namazinga alindelekile ngaphambi kokukhulisa inqwaba. Lo mkhuba usiza ekugwemeni ukumangala futhi uqinisekise imiphumela yokunambitheka ehambisanayo kuzo zonke izinhlobo zobhiya.

Ukusetshenziswa kwezentengiselwano kanye nokubusa komlando endaweni yama-hop ase-US

I-Cluster yayiyitshe lesisekelo lokukhiqiza ubhiya baseMelika ngekhulu lama-20. Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-2000, indawo yomlando ye-Cluster yayihlanganisa cishe ama-96% ezitshalo ze-hop zase-US. Lokhu kubusa kwathonya kakhulu izintambo zokuthengisa kanye nezindlela zokwenza ubhiya iminyaka eminingi.

Amagama amakhulu afana no-Anheuser-Busch no-Pabst ayethanda i-Cluster ngenxa yekhono layo lokugcina kahle nokunikeza ubumuncu obuhlanzekile. Ukuthembeka kwayo kwakubalulekile kuma-lagers nakwamanye amabhiya anevolumu ephezulu ayedinga amaphrofayili enambitheka njalo.

I-Cluster yayibambe iningi lezitshalo ze-hop zase-US kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1970. Njengoba abalimi bezitshalo nabalimi bethula izinhlobo eziningi, ukubaluleka kwe-Cluster kwahlala kuzitayela zebhiya zaseMelika zendabuko.

Ngisho nanamuhla, i-Cluster isetshenziswa ekwenzeni ubhiya ngenkontileka, ekukhiqizeni izingcezu, kanye nezindlela zokupheka zefa. Abapheki bobhiya abancane basathembele kuyo ukuze bathole i-base hop ethembekile ehambisana nokunambitheka kwe-malt ne-yeast ngaphandle kokubanqoba.

• Kungani kubalulekile: ama-alpha acid ahlala njalo kanye nokugcinwa kahle kwenza i-Cluster yakhanga imisebenzi emikhulu.
• Umthelela kubalimi: izinqumo zokutshala zesikhathi eside ezigxile ekuthengisweni kwezinhlobo eziqinisekisiwe.
• Ifa: Ukubusa kweCluster kwakha indlela yomlando we-hop wanamuhla wase-US futhi kwathonya izinto eziza kuqala ekuzaleni kamuva.

I-Cluster iyaqhubeka nokudlala indima ebalulekile kokubili ekwenzeni ubhiya bomlando nobezohwebo namuhla. Abapheki bebhiya manje balinganisela ukusetshenziswa kwayo nezinhlobo ezintsha ezinikeza iphunga elimnandi kakhulu nokubabayo. Le ndlela ihlonipha indima ebalulekile ye-Cluster efeni lokukhiqiza ubhiya baseMelika.

Izitshalo ze-hop eziluhlaza zikhuphuka ama-trellises amade eceleni kocingo lwamapulangwe asemaphandleni, kanye nemigqa ye-hop eqonde emagqumeni aguqayo ngaphansi kwesibhakabhaka esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esikhanyayo. Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Abahlinzeki besitoreji, ukuthenga, kanye nabanconywayo

Abenzi bokubhiza abathenga ama-Cluster hop bayawazisa ama-alpha acid awo ahambisanayo kanye nephunga lawo. Le hop igcina cishe ama-80%–85% ama-alpha acid ayo ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ku-20°C (68°F). Ngakho-ke, indawo yokugcina ama-Cluster hop ivumela kakhulu inani elikhulu.

Gcina amakhoni noma ama-pellet ezikhwameni ezivalwe nge-vacuum, uzigcine zibanda futhi zimnyama. Isiqandisi noma igumbi elibandayo elikhethekile ku-0–4°C (32–39°F) lilungele ukugcina ubusha kanye nokunciphisa ukungcoliswa. Kuwukuhlakanipha ukushintshanisa isitokwe ngosuku lokuvuna ukuze uvimbele ukuthi ama-pods amadala angonakali.

Uma uthenga, khetha abathengisi abadumile abaziwayo ngekhwalithi eqhubekayo. Abapheki beziphuzo bavame ukukhetha izindawo zokudlela ezidumile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izindlela zokupheka ziyaqhubeka futhi zitholakala ngokwethembeka.

• I-Great Fermentations (USA) — ukuthunyelwa kwezwe lonke ngaphakathi kwe-United States.
• I-Hop Alliance (USA) — ithwala iminyaka eminingi yokutshala ngokukhetha nangokuvumelana.
• I-Hops Direct (e-USA) — izinketho zokupakisha eziningi nezincane zabenzi bokwenza ubhiya.
• I-Amazon (USA) — ukufinyelela okulula kokuthengisa kwabathanda izinto zokuzijabulisa kanye neqembu elincane.
• INorthwest Hop Farms (Canada) — ithunyelwa ezweni lonke eCanada futhi ibala izinhlobo zeCluster.
• I-BeerCo (e-Australia) — umhlinzeki wesifunda ohlinzeka ngokulethwa kwezimpahla ezweni lonke e-Australia.
• IBrook House Hops (UK) — iyatholakala kubapheki bebhiya e-United Kingdom.

Uma uthenga ama-Cluster hop, qhathanisa imininingwane yekhathalogi kanye nezinsuku zokuvuna. Bheka izinombolo ze-COA noma zelebhu ukuqinisekisa ama-alpha nama-beta acid. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ungakwazi ukubikezela umthelela we-IBU kanye nokunambitheka kuwo wonke amaqoqo.

Izinkampani ezincane zokwenza ubhiya ezi-oda ngobuningi kufanele zixoxe ngezinsuku zokugcina kanye nezindlela zokupakisha nabaphakeli. Buza ngezinsuku zokucindezela ama-pellet kanye nokuhlanza i-nitrogen ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yokubola ngesikhathi sokuthunyelwa.

Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi esifushane, amaphakethe avalwe agcinwe efrijini afanelekile. Ukugcina isikhathi eside, qandisa ama-pellets avaliwe nge-vacuum bese ulandela isikhathi sokugcina. Ukugcina i-Cluster hop efanele kugcina ukubaba futhi kuqinisekisa imiphumela yeresiphi ehambisanayo.

Izindlela zokushintsha kanye namasu okulungisa izindlela zokupheka

Uma i-Cluster inqabile, abenzi bobhiya kumele bahlele i-Cluster yokushintsha i-hop ngomgomo ocacile. Bahlose ukuhlanganisa ama-alpha acid nokugcina iphunga elimnandi. I-Eroica ne-Galena ziyizithako ezivamile zokushintsha. I-Eroica yengeza inothi elihlanzekile, elinezithelo kancane, kanti i-Galena inikeza ukubaba okuqinile kanye nemiphetho yezitshalo.

Ukuze ulungise izindlela zokupheka ze-Cluster, qala ngokubala ukulingana okubabayo. Uma i-Cluster alpha ingu-7% kanti i-Galena ingu-12%, yehlisa isisindo ngokulinganayo ukuze uthole ama-IBU afanayo. Sebenzisa i-hop calculator noma izibalo ezilula zesilinganiso ukuze ugcine ubumnandi buhambisana.

Iphunga elimnandi lezithelo ezifakwe sekwephuzile. Uma i-Cluster isetshenziswe sekwephuzile ekukhuliseni izithelo ezimnyama kanye nezimbali, khulisa iphunga elimnandi noma elithambile lesitshalo esithatha indawo yaso. I-Eroica e-flameout ingabuyisa amanothi aphezulu ezithelo i-Cluster ebingawanikeza.

Hlanganisa izinto ezithatha indawo lapho i-hop eyodwa ingakwazi ukuphinda iphrofayili ye-Cluster enezingqimba. Hlanganisa i-hop ebabayo engathathi hlangothi nenhlobo yezithelo ukuze ulingise utshani, ukhuni, kanye nemibala yamakhambi. Amaqoqo amancane okuhlola asiza ukulinganisa ibhalansi ngaphambi kokukhula.

• Qondanisa ama-alpha acid kuqala, bese ulungisa amanani ukuze kube nebhalansi.
• Shintsha okungeziwe kamuva kuya phezulu ukuze uthuthukise ama-aromatics.
• Sebenzisa izingxube ukuze uphinde ufane notshani, amakhambi, ukhuni, kanye nezithelo.

Ukuze uthole izinhlobo zokukhiqiza zesitayela somlando, beka phambili ama-hop alondoloza izimfanelo zakudala. Khetha ezinye esikhundleni sazo ezinephrofayili engathathi hlangothi kuya kwezithelo bese ulungisa isikhathi sokuxhumana ngesikhathi sokudonsa okomile ukuze uvikele amanothi abucayi. Izinguquko ezincane esikhathini noma isisindo zingagcina ubhiya uhambisana nesitayela ngenkathi usebenzisa ama-hop atholakalayo.

Qopha yonke inguquko kanye nokunambitheka esigabeni ngasinye. Leyo datha yenza i-Cluster yokushintsha i-hop yesikhathi esizayo ibe lula futhi isheshise inqubo yokushintsha izindlela zokupheka ze-Cluster ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa inhloso yokuqala yobhiya.

Ubhiya nezindawo zokwenza ubhiya ezaziwa ngokusebenzisa ama-Cluster hops

Ama-hop e-Cluster anomlando ocebile wokwenza ubhiya, kusukela esikhathini esidlule kuze kube manje. I-Top Hat's Clusters I-Last Stand Pale Ale iyisibonelo esihle. Ibonisa ikhono le-Cluster lokusekela i-malt, enombala ophuzi woju kanye nokubaba okuqondile. Lo bhiya ubonisa ukuthi kungani i-Cluster iyintandokazi yokudala i-pale ale yaseMelika yakudala.

Sekungamashumi eminyaka, izindawo ezinkulu zokwenza ubhiya bezentengiselwano zithembele ku-Cluster. Ukuzinza kwayo kanye nephrofayili yayo elinganiselayo kwenze kwaba yindawo ekahle kakhulu kuma-lager athengiswa kakhulu kanye nama-amber ale. Lokhu kusetshenziswa kabanzi kuchaza indima ebalulekile ye-Cluster emlandweni wokwenza ubhiya e-US.

Izinkampani zokwenza ubhiya ezigxile ezintweni zobuchwepheshe kanye nefa zisakhetha i-Cluster ngenxa yezindlela zokupheka zazo ezinembile zesikhathi. Abapheki bebhiya e-Anchor Brewing nase-Yuengling baphumelele ukuphinda ukunambitheka kwasekuqaleni besebenzisa i-Cluster. Izinkampani ezincane zokwenza ubhiya zesifunda nazo zikhetha i-Cluster ngenxa yobuqiniso bayo kanye nokubaba kwayo okuthembekile.

Uma uzama ubhiya nge-Cluster, lindela umlingiswa we-hop othambile. Lokhu kunambitheka kuhle kakhulu kuma-session ales, ama-lager akudala, kanye nama-brown ales. Amanothi okunambitha avame ukugqamisa i-Cluster lapho abenzi bobhiya behlose ukuba khona kwe-hop yendabuko, evinjelwe.

• Isigqoko Esiphezulu — Ama-Clusters Last Stand Pale Ale: umbukiso we-single-hop.
• Ubhiya bomlando obufana nesitayela se-anchor: izindlela zokupheka zesikhathi kanye nokubaba okulinganiselayo.
• Izindawo zokwenza utshwala zesifunda: amaqoqo asendulo kanye nobhiya besikhathi.

Abapheki bebhiya bakhetha i-Cluster ukuze baxhumanise izindlela zokupheka zesimanje nefa lokukhiqiza utshwala laseMelika. Kulabo abahlola ama-Cluster hops, funa amalebula akhuluma ngezilingo ze-single-hop, uchungechunge lomlando, noma ama-ales esitayela sakudala. Lokhu kuzovame ukugqamisa izibonelo ze-Cluster futhi kukhombe izindawo zokwenza utshwala ezizinikele ekuphindaphindeni okunongiwe okuthembekile.

Isiphetho

Ama-Cluster hop anikeza abapheki bebhiya ukukhetha okuthembekile kokubilisa okulinganiselayo kanye nephunga eliyingqayizivele. Ahlanganisa amanothi e-blackberry, izinongo, izimbali, ukhuni, kanye namakhambi. Ngama-alpha nama-beta acid aphakathi nendawo, kulula ukuwasebenzisa ezindleleni zokupheka. Iphrofayili yawo yamafutha inezela ubunjalo, ifanelekela ukwengeza i-kettle kanye nokufaka i-dry-hopping.

Ama-hop e-Cluster anomlando omude endaweni yama-hop ase-US. Agcina cishe ama-80%–85% ama-alpha acid awo ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ku-20°C. Lokhu kuwenza ahambisane kahle kokubili ekuphekeni kwezentengiselwano kanye nokwenziwe ngezandla. Alungele ukuphinda adale izitayela zaseMelika zomlando noma ekwenzeni ama-ale ahamba phambili nge-malt, ngenxa yezithelo zawo ezihlukile kanye notshani.

Ama-hops e-Cluster ayasebenza, anambitheka, futhi ayasebenziseka ngezindlela eziningi. Asebenza kahle ngama-malt bills alula kanye nama-hop blends alula. Ezinye izindlela ezifana ne-Eroica ne-Galena zivumela abenzi bobhiya ukuthi bashintshe izindlela zokupheka ngenkathi begcina ibhalansi. Kulabo abafuna ubuqiniso, ukuthembeka, kanye nobunzima obuncane bephunga elimnandi, i-Cluster iyindlela ethembekile.

Ukufunda Okuqhubekayo

Uma ukujabulele lokhu okuthunyelwe, ungaphinda uthande lezi ziphakamiso:

• Ama-Hops kubhiya Brewing: Cobb
• Ama-Hops Ekuphiseni Ubhiya: Early Bird
• Ama-Hops Ekuphiseni Ubhiya: Banner