Ama-Hops e-Beer Brewing: i-Landhopfen

Izigaxa ze-Landhopfen hop ezisagolide eziluhlaza ezikhazimula kancane emvinini. Ulwazi olwengeziwe

Lesi sihloko sizohlola umsuka kanye nozalo lwe-Landhopfen, izici zayo ezibalulekile, kanye neminikelo yayo yokuphisa. Izophinde ihlanganise izitayela zikabhiya ezinconyiwe, idatha yobuchwepheshe yokuhlela amaresiphi, kanye nezinqubo ezingcono kakhulu zokuvuna nokugcina. Amanothi e-Agronomy, imiphumela ye-terroir, izindlela zokupheka ezisebenzayo, ukuxazulula inkinga, nezinketho zokuthola e-US nakho kuzoxoxwa ngakho. Lo mhlahlandlela uzokusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi uzoyihlanganisa nini futhi kanjani i-Landhopfen Hops esiphuzweni sakho esilandelayo.

Okuthathwayo Okubalulekile

• I-Landhopfen Hops ixuba izimpande zokunambitheka kwaseYurophu nezici zokuzalanisa zesimanje eziwusizo kubaphisi botshwala base-US.
• Izigaba zakuqala ziveza umsuka, iphunga, ububanzi be-alpha acid, kanye nesamba esilindelwe uwoyela wokuphiswa nge-Landhopfen.
• Amanothi okuphisa asebenzayo ikheli lesikhathi, ukubaba uma kuqhathaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwe-late-hop, nezitayela ezifanele zikabhiya.
• I-Agronomy kanye nesiqondiso sokuvuna kusiza ukulondoloza iphunga le-Landhopfen kanye ne-resin ngesikhathi sokulondoloza.
• Amathiphu okuthola usizo akhomba kubahlinzeki base-US kanye nokucatshangelwa kwesifunda kokunikezwa okungashintshi.

Ayini ama-Landhopfen Hops kanye nemvelaphi yawo

I-Landhopfen iwuhlobo lwe-hop yendabuko phakathi kwezinhlobo ze-Humulus lupulus Landhopfen. Yakhula njengenhlobonhlobo yesifunda, ngokuvamile engalawulwa. Leli gama likhomba endaweni enezimpande eCentral naseMpumalanga Yurophu. Abalimi nabafuyi baqaphela iphrofayili yayo ye-rustic phakathi kwezinhlobo ze-hop zaseYurophu ezazisetshenziswa ngokomlando kokubili okubabayo kanye nephunga.

Ukulandelela umsuka we-Landhopfen kuholela e-Poland nasezindaweni ezingomakhelwane lapho ama-hop ase-Polish kanye nesiko le-hop lama-Germanic lidlulele khona. Amarekhodi abhaliwe akhombisa ukutshalwa kwe-hop kulo lonke elaseYurophu kusukela okungenani ngekhulu lesi-8. Izimila zendawo zakha amasiko okuphisa ezindlini zezindela nasemadolobheni. Lo mlando omude we-Landhopfen uyachaza ukuthi kungani lesi sitshalo sigcina izici ezibalulekile zokuzinza kwe-flavour kanye nokuqina kwezifo.

Ngokwesayensi yezitshalo, i-Humulus lupulus Landhopfen ihlezi phakathi kwezinhlobo ezifanayo namahops esimanje. Abazalanisi bathinta izakhi zofuzo lapho bethuthukisa iphunga nokujwayela. Izinhlobo eziningana zaseMelika ziphethe abazali base-Europe, okubonisa ukuthi ama-hop asePoland nezinye izinhlobo zezwekazi zangena kanjani ezinhlelweni zokuzalanisa umhlaba wonke ngokuhwebelana kwasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 kanye nocwaningo lwakamuva lwasenyuvesi.

Amarekhodi asebenzayo abeka i-Landhopfen phakathi kwama-cultivar ajwayele ukujwayela esifundeni anikele ngenhlanganisela yephunga elimnandi eziphambanweni. Ukuba khona kwawo ezizukulwaneni zozalo kukhombisa indima njengomnikeli we-flavour. Lokhu kunikeza abaphisi bemikhiqizo yezandla kanye nezinhlelo zokutshala izithombo indawo yokubhekisela lapho beqhathanisa izinhlobo ze-hop zase-Europe eziyigugu nezikhethiwe zesimanje.

Ngamafuphi, ubunikazi be-Landhopfen buhlanganisa isayensi yezitshalo, indawo, kanye nokusetshenziswa. Iyindawo emaphakathi/eMpumalanga Yurophu, ucezu lomlando, futhi inikela kukhathalogi ebanzi yezinhlobo ze-European hop namahops asePoland. Lezi zakhi zofuzo ezishibhile.

Izici ezibalulekile ze-Landhopfen Hops

I-Landhopfen hops ingeyomndeni wakudala we-continental noma ohloniphekile. Anama-alpha acid amaphakathi, ngokuvamile aphakathi kuka-3-7%. Ama-Beta acid aphakeme kancane kodwa ahlala enesizotha. I-co-humulone iphansi kuya kokumaphakathi, esiza ukugcina ukubaba okuthambile kubhiya.

Iphrofayili kawoyela we-hop ye-Landhopfen ibhalansisiwe, ayinayo inhlanganisela eyodwa ebusayo. Isamba samanani kawoyela sisuka ku-0.4 siye ku-2.0 ml/100g kuzibonelo zesitayela sephunga. Le bhalansi ithanda i-humulene, i-caryophyllene, ne-myrcene, ihlinzeka abaphisi botshwala ngezinketho eziguquguqukayo zokunambitheka.

Iphunga le-Landhopfen livame ukuba nezimbali, i-herbal, futhi linongwe kancane. Ezinye izitshalo nenzalo zingase zibonise amanothi amancane noma afana ne-anise, ethonywe i-Pacific Northwest genetics. Lezi zindlela ezicashile zenza i-Landhopfen ibe ilungele ukungeza amaphunga acashile, anezingqimba kubhiya.

Abadayisi bayayazisa i-Landhopfen ngokuqukethwe kwayo kwe-soft-resin nomsindo we-cone ohlanzekile. Inenzalo ephansi yembewu kanye ne-lupulin enempilo, egcina iphrofayili kawoyela we-hop ngesikhathi sokugcinwa nokuphathwa. Le khwalithi inenzuzo emsebenzini othambile we-dry-hop kanye nezengezo zamuva lapho ukucaca okunephunga elimnandi kubalulekile.

• Ama-Alpha acids i-Landhopfen: ububanzi obujwayelekile obungu-3–7% bokukhetha okugxile ephunga elimnandi.
• Ama-Beta acid: amaphakathi, anomthelela ekuzinzeni kokuguga.
• I-Co-humulone: okuphansi kuya kokumaphakathi, okuletha ukubaba okushelelayo.
• Iphrofayili kawoyela we-Hop I-Landhopfen: amafutha esewonke ngokuvamile angu-0.4–2.0 ml/100g anezimbali, amakhambi, namanothi ababayo.

Uma uhlela izindlela zokupheka, cabangela izici ze-Landhopfen ukuze uthole ibhalansi. Yisebenzise ukuze ungeze iphunga elimnandi le-Landhopfen ngaphandle kokweqisa i-malt ethambile noma amaphrofayili emvubelo. Izithako zegedlela eziphuzile noma i-dry-hop zingcono kakhulu ukukhulisa amafutha abalulekile kanye nokugcina ama-aromatics amahle ezinhlobonhlobo.

Ikhoni ye-Landhopfen hop eluhlaza eyodwa ekhazimula ngokumelene nokufiphala kwegolide. Ulwazi olwengeziwe

Iminikelo yokuphisa ye-Landhopfen Hops

Ama-Landhopfen hops enza uphawu lwawo kuzo zonke izigaba zokuphisa. Izengezo zakuqala zikhipha ama-lupulin resins, okufaka umunyu ohlanzekile. Abakhiqizi basebenzisa izibalo ze-alpha-acid ukuze babikezele i-IBU futhi balinganisele umgogodla we-malt.

Izengezo eziphuzile zeketela kanye ne-whirlpool zigcina amafutha aguquguqukayo, zigqamisa iphunga le-Landhopfen. Izinongo ezithambile, amanothi e-herbal, nezimbali ezicashile zivela lapho ithumba lilifushane. Lokhu kugcina amafutha athambile.

Ukugxumagxuma okomile kuthuthukisa amanothi aphezulu kabhiya futhi kubushelelezi umlomo. Ukusebenzisa i-Landhopfen emazingeni okushisa abandayo kuthuthukisa ukunambitheka ngaphandle kokwethula amanothi aluhlaza aqinile. Le ndlela ibonisa iphunga le-hop.

Amaresiphi avame ukuhlanganisa lezi zindima. Inkokhelo encane ebabayo ibeka umunyu, inhlanganisela emaphakathi nethumba yengeza ubunkimbinkimbi, futhi amahops aphuzile noma omile athuthukisa iphunga.

• Kuma-lagers nama-pilsners: beka phambili izengezo zamuva ukuze ugcine ukuzithiba okuhle.
• Okwama-saison nama-ales aphaphathekayo: hlanganisa i-whirlpool ne-hop eyomile ukuze uphakamise izici ze-herbal nezimbali.
• Ngobhiya olinganiselayo: lungisa i-hop mass yangaphambi kwesikhathi ukuze ulawule ukubaba kwe-Landhopfen ngenkathi usebenzisa ama-hops aphuzile ukuze uthole iphunga.

Amanzi, imvubelo, ne-malt kunomthelela endleleni esiwabona ngayo amahops. Amanzi athambile nemvubelo yelager ehlanzekile ithuthukisa iphunga le-Landhopfen. Kuma-hoppy ales ane-ester-forward yeast, sebenzisa izengezo zamuva ezilula ukuze ugweme ukungqubuzana nama-hops.

Lapho wenza amaresiphi, cabangela ifomu le-hop kanye nekhwalithi yekhoni. Izigaxa ezingenambewu nokuqukethwe kwe-soft-resin ephezulu kuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-hop okungaguquki. Sebenzisa izengezo ezilinganisiwe nokuhlolwa kwezinzwa ukuze uzuze ukubaba nephunga elifunekayo.

Izitayela zikabhiya ezinconyiwe ze-Landhopfen Hops

I-Landhopfen ihamba phambili ngobhiya bakudala base-continental, lapho izinongo zayo ezicashile namanothi ezimbali angacwebezela ngempela. Ilungele ama-pilsners nama-helles, ingeza umunyu ohlanzekile kanye nokuphakanyiswa kwe-herbal okuthambile. Kulabo abahlose ukucaca okucacile, i-Landhopfen ku-pilsner inikeza iphunga elivinjiwe eligcwalisa ngokuphelele i-pilsner malt namaphrofayili amanzi athambile.

Kuma-ales nama-saisons esitayela sase-Belgian, i-Landhopfen yengeza ungqimba lobunkimbinkimbi. Ibhanqa nemvubelo ye-saison ekhiqiza ama-phenolic e-peppery. Sebenzisa i-Vienna noma i-malts ephaphathekile ukuze usekele isiphetho esomile. Amazinga okugxuma aphansi kuya kokumaphakathi abonisa ukucophelela kwe-hop, ngaphandle kokweqa izinongo eziqhutshwa imvubelo.

Kuma-lager endabuko, i-Landhopfen ilungile uma ihloselwe iphunga elicolisisiwe phezu kwe-citrus eqinile. Hlanganisa ne-lager strain ehlanzekile kanye namashejuli wakudala we-lager mash. Lokhu kuvumela amathoni ezimbali athambile ukuthi avele. Ihambisana kahle ne-Saaz, Hallertauer, kanye ne-Tettnanger ngephrofayili yezwekazi elihle.

Ku-ales ephaphathekile enamakha noma ezakudala zaseMelika, sebenzisa i-Landhopfen kancane njenge-hop yesibili. Yengeza inothi elicashile le-herbal-spice elithambisa umthelela wezinhlobo ezinamafutha noma ezishisayo njenge-Citra noma i-Amarillo. Phatha i-Landhopfen njengesinongo: ngokwanele ukuthonya iphunga, kodwa hhayi ukubusa intukuthelo ye-hop.

• Izitayela eziyinhloko: i-Pilsner, i-Helles, i-Kölsch, i-Classic Lager
• Izitayela zesibili: I-Saison, i-Belgian Ale, i-Pale Ales evinjelwe
• Ukubhanqa kwe-Malt: I-Pilsner malt, i-Vienna malt, i-Munich ekhanyayo ukuze ibhalansise
• Ukubhanqa kwemvubelo: Izinhlamvu ze-lager ezihlanzekile, imvubelo ye-Kölsch, imvubelo ye-saison yamanothi e-peppery

Lapho ulungisa ukusetshenziswa, qala ngokubilisa sekwephuzile noma izengezo ze-whirlpool ukuze uthole iphunga. Imithamo emincane ye-dry-hop ingcono kakhulu kumlingiswa we-saison. Gada ama-IBU ukuze ugcine umunyu umaphakathi, uvumele i-malt nemvubelo ukuthi kuhlale kungumgogodla kabhiya.

Itafula lepulangwe elinomhlwenga liphethe indiza kabhiya we-Landhopfen namabhodlela. Ulwazi olwengeziwe

Ama-substitutes kanye nama-hops afanayo ne-Landhopfen Hops

Uma i-Landhopfen iphelile, khetha ezinye ezihambisana nephunga olithandayo. I-Hallertauer iyisinqumo esihle sesisekelo esithambile, esinezimbali. Inikeza izinongo ezithambile kanye namanothi e-herbal athambile, egcina ukubaba.

I-Tettnanger ilungele labo abafuna izinongo zezimbali ezintekenteke nezicashile. Ilungele ama-lager nama-pilsner, ilingisa amanothi aphezulu acolisisiwe we-Landhopfen ngaphandle kokuqina amandla okusawolintshi.

I-Saaz iyindawo yokuhambela ama-earth, ama-nuances amnandi. Le ndlela ehlukile ye-hop yengeza upelepele waseYurophu wasendulo kanye nezingqimba zamakhambi. Ilungele ubhiya besitayela saseJalimane nesi-Czech, ihlinzeka ngephrofayili ye-hop evinjelwe, yendabuko.

I-Mt. Hood ne-Liberty izinketho ezifuywe e-US ezinezici ezinhle ze-hop. Banikeza amanothi ezimbali namakhambi ngokuzalanisa okuhlanzekile kwaseMelika. Lawa ma-hops afana ne-Landhopfen angashintsha izengezo zephunga ngoshintsho oluncane lweresiphi.

I-Willamette inikeza iphunga elimnandi elinomhlaba, elibabayo elinezithelo ezithambile. Kuhle ukungeza ukujula lapho iphrofayela ye-Landhopfen incike ku-herbaceous noma enambitheka. Ihlangana kahle ne-ales efuna ubunkimbinkimbi.

Ezinhlotsheni ze-Landhopfen ezineminti noma i-anise, cabangela i-Mt. Rainier noma izimila ezixubile ezinamaphethelo afanayo. Lawa mahops afana ne-Landhopfen aphindaphinda i-cooler-season menthol noma ama-nuances afana ne-licorice ngemithamo emincane.

• I-Hallertauer - izimbali, i-herbal; ebanzi Landhopfen esikhundleni iphunga.
• I-Tettnanger - izimbali ezithambile nezinongo; kuhle kumaphilisi namalager.
• I-Saaz - enomhlaba futhi ebabayo; izindlela zakudala ezinhle ze-hop zesiko.
• I-Mt. Hood / Liberty - I-US yakhiwe ngezici ezinhle; ihlanzekile futhi inezimbali.
• I-Willamette - isithelo somhlaba, esibabayo, esithambile; ewusizo ekujuleni.
• I-Mt. Rainier - amanothi amancane/i-anise; fanisa inzalo ethile ye-Landhopfen.

Qondanisa esikhundleni sesitayela sikabhiya nesikhathi se-hop. Okwengezwe sekwephuzile nokugxumagxuma okomile, thanda ama-hops afana ne-Landhopfen anomeshi onuka kamnandi. Ngokubaba, khetha enye indawo egcina ibhalansi ngaphandle kokwengeza iziqongo zamawolintshi ezingafunwa. Ukuhlola amaqoqo amancane kuzocacisa ukuthi iziphi ezinye izindlela ze-hop ezifanelana kangcono neresiphi yakho.

Idatha yokuphisa ngobuchwepheshe kanye nokuhlelwa kweresiphi

I-Landhopfen alpha acids ivamise ukuhluka ukusuka ku-3-9%, okubonisa ukukhetha kwephunga elimnandi kunokubaba. Ama-Beta acid ngokuvamile aphansi, futhi i-co-humulone inesizotha. Le nhlanganisela igcina umlingiswa othambile, we-continental hop. Isamba samanani kawoyela sifana nalawo e-Hallertauer/Tettnanger, acishe abe ngu-0.5–2.0 ml/100g.

Ukuze uthole umthamo onembile, sebenzisa ama-COA acacisiwe kakhulu. Izibalo eziqinisekiswe ilebhu ziqinisekisa okuqondile okuhlosiwe kwe-IBUs Landhopfen, ukuvimbela ukubaba okungaphansi noma ngokweqile. Ngaphandle kwesitifiketi, hlela ngobubanzi obunikeziwe futhi ulungise ngamaqoqo amancane omshayeli.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Hop e-Landhopfen kuncike ezintweni ezimbalwa. Bilisa amandla adonsela phansi, ukwakheka kwe-wort, nesikhathi sokubilisa konke kudlala indima. Ukwengezwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kuguqula i-lupulin resin ibe ukumunyu okuzinzile. Ukwengezwa okuphuzile kugcina amafutha aguquguqukayo, anezela iphunga kanye nokunambitheka ngaphandle kokumunyu.

Ukuze uthole ukuhlela okusebenzayo kweresiphi ye-Landhopfen, cabangela le mihlahlandlela:

• Ku-5-gallon pilsner ehlose ama-25 IBUs Landhopfen, sebenzisa cishe u-1.6 oz we-hops ene-alpha engu-~5% emaminithini angu-60.
• Ukuze uthole iphunga elimnandi, engeza u-1–2 oz emizuzwini eyi-10 no-1–2 oz e-flameout noma i-whirlpool ukuze wandise amafutha e-hop.
• Umthamo we-Dry-hop kufanele ube ngu-0.5–2.0 oz/gal izinsuku ezingu-3–7, kuye ngokuthi unamandla kangakanani kanye nesitayela sikabhiya.

Khumbula, ama-worts aphezulu anciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-hop i-Landhopfen. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ama-hops amaningi ayadingeka ku-IBUs Landhopfen efanayo. I-Wort pH, i-geometry yeketela, kanye nefomu le-hop (i-pellet ngokumelene ne-cone yonke) nakho kuthinta isivuno esisebenzayo.

Hlala njalo uhlose ukuhlaziywa kwelebhu yangempela ukukala i-IBUs Landhopfen. Uma usebenzisa ama-COA omhlinzeki, landelela imiphumela ebabayo futhi ulungise ukuqagela kwe-alpha kumarisiphu esikhathi esizayo. Sebenzisa izibonelo ezinikeziwe njengamaphoyinti okuqala, bese ucwenga ngokusekelwe kumalogi otshwala kanye nempendulo yokunambitha.

Ukusondela kwekhoni ye-Landhopfen hop ebonisa izindlala ze-lupulin ezisagolide. Ulwazi olwengeziwe

Ukuvuna, ukuphatha, nokugcina imikhuba engcono kakhulu ye-Landhopfen

Isikhathi sibalulekile ekuvuneni kwe-Landhopfen. Ukuvuna ngaphakathi kwefasitela elifanele kuqinisekisa ukulondolozwa kwama-alpha acid namafutha aguquguqukayo. Ukuvuna kusenesikhathi kungaholela ekulahlekelweni yiphunga. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuvuna sekwephuze kakhulu kungase kubangele ukuba amafutha abalulekile ehle.

Ukuphatha ama-hops ngobumnene kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukulimala kuma-bracts nokulahlekelwa yi-lupulin. Kufanele kuqashelwe ngesikhathi kukha amasimu futhi kuthuthwa ukuze kugwenywe ukulimala kwamahops. Noma yimuphi umonakalo kuma-hops ungaholela ekulahlekelweni kwephunga nokuncipha kwekhwalithi, okuthinta kokubili ama-cones kanye namafomu acutshunguliwe.

Ukomiswa kwe-Landhopfen kumele kusheshe futhi kulawulwe. Amahop aluhlaza ngokuvamile omiswa ngokuzenzela emahoreni angama-20 ukuze afinyelele izinga elifanele lomswakamo. Ukwelashwa okufanele kusiza ukulondoloza izindlala ze-lupulin futhi kunciphisa ingozi yokukhunta ngesikhathi sokubhaka.

Ngemuva kokoma, ama-hops angacindezelwa abe amabhala okuhweba ngobuningi. Ukuze kusetshenziswe izikebhe zezentengiselwano, i-pelletizing ivame ukuthandwa. Ukukhetha phakathi kwama-hop pellets nama-cones aphelele kuba nomthelela ekugcinweni, ukuthunyelwa, kanye nomthamo ku-brewhouse.

• Ithiphu yokubamba i-Hop: gcina ukuthintana kuncane futhi ugweme ukuchoboza ama-cones.
• I-Hop drying ithiphu ye-Landhopfen: sebenzisa okuphansi, ngisho nokushisa ukuze uvikele amafutha.
• Ithiphu yokupakisha: ilebula idethi yokuvuna kanye nenqwaba ukuze ulandelele ubusha.

Ukugcina amahops kudinga ukugcinwa kwezimo ezibandayo, ezimnyama, nezingenawo umoya-mpilo omncane. Isitoreji sefriji yesikhashana sifanele ama-cones aphelele. Ukuze uthole isitoreji eside, i-mylar evalwe nge-vacuum-sealed ene-oxygen scavengers ku -1 ukuya ku-0°F ivamise ukusetshenziswa e-United States.

Ama-pelletized hops anikeza ukuzinza ngesikhathi sokuthunyelwa kanye nomthamo. Ama-pellets agcwele i-vacuum anezitifiketi zokuhlaziya anikeza abaphisi utshwala ukuzethemba ngezinombolo ze-alpha namafutha. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, abanye abaphisi botshwala bakhetha ama-cones aphelele ngekhono labo lokwengeza iphunga elimnandi eliphuzile kanye nama-nuances okomile okugxuma.

• Nquma i-hop pellet vs i-cone yonke ngokusekelwe emigomeni yeresiphi kanye nokuhlelwa.
• Sebenzisa i-CO2 noma i-nitrogen flush uma ukupakisha kwe-vacuum kungatholakali.
• Landelela idethi ngayinye kanye nephunga elimnandi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuze ulawule ubusha.

Amahops amasha aqhathaniswa nawo omisiwe abonisa ukuziphatha okuhlukile kugedlela kanye ne-fermenter. Amaphrofayili ephunga le-hop eyomile asetha okulindelwe ngabaphisi botshwala bemunyu nokunambitheka. Kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukuchayeka komoyampilo kanye nokushisa ukuze ulondoloze izici ezinuka kamnandi ze-Landhopfen.

Izinambuzane, izifo, kanye namanothi e-agronomy athinta i-Landhopfen

Abalimi be-Landhopfen kumele baqaphe ngokucophelela izinambuzane ezivamile kanye nezifo zokukhunta kusukela ekutshalweni kuya ekuvuneni. Ama-aphid, ama-spider mite abomvu, nezinye izinambuzane zinganciphisa ikhwalithi ye-cone futhi zikhulise isikhunta se-sooty kusuka kujusi. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi ngokuhlolwa okujwayelekile kubalulekile.

I-Downy mildew hops iyingozi enkulu kuma-cultivar amaningi. I-Pseudoperonospora humuli iyachuma emithonjeni epholile, emanzi, ebangela ukubhujiswa kwehlumela, ukunciphisa isivuno, nokuncipha kwe-alpha acid. Idatha yomlando igqamisa ukubaluleka kokuqapha isimo sezulu enkathini yokuqala.

I-Powdery mildew kanye ne-crown gall nakho kubangela izinselele ezindaweni ezithile. Ama-root borer, avela ngezikhathi ezithile, angenza izitshalo zibe buthaka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Indlela edidiyelwe yokulawula izinambuzane ibalulekile ukuze ulawule lezi zinsongo ngempumelelo.

Ukukhetha indawo efanele kanye nomklamo we-trellis kubalulekile ku-hop agronomy. Ukuqinisekisa ukugeleza komoya okuhle, ukukhanya kwelanga, kanye nokugeleza kwamanzi kusiza ekuvimbeleni ukuba manzi isikhathi eside kwamaqabunga, okuyinto i-downy mildew ekhula kahle kuyo. Isikhala esifanele kanye nokuphathwa kwe-canopy kusiza ukomisa futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwesifutho.

Ukuthuthwa kwendle kanye nokuhlanzeka kwezitshalo kubalulekile ukuze kuncishiswe izifo nokuthwala izinambuzane. Ukususa amahlumela angenwe yileli gciwane, amathuluzi okuhlanza, nokugwema imfucumfucu kuyizinqubo ezibalulekile. Le mizamo isekela umgomo wesikhathi eside wokumelana nezifo ze-Landhopfen.

Abazalanisi bagxile ekuthuthukiseni ukumelana nezifo ze-Landhopfen, ukuzinza kwesivuno, nokuphila isikhathi eside. Ukukhetha ama-cultivar amelana kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwesikhunta kanye nezindleko zokutshala kabusha. Ukuhlanganisa ukumelana nezakhi zofuzo nokulawula kwamasiko kuveza imiphumela engcono kakhulu.

Izinguquko zezifunda zidinga amasu aklanyelwe. Izigodi ezinomfutho ophansi wesikhutha ngokomlando zingadinga amashejuli ahlukene okufutha kunezindawo ezimanzi. Izinsiza zesandiso zasendaweni e-Washington, Oregon, nase-Idaho zinikeza izeluleko ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ezihambisana namaqiniso e-hop agronomy.

Izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zifaka ikhalenda lokuhlola lesizini, izinhlelo zokufutha ezisuselwe kuma-threshold, nezilawuli zebhayoloji eziqondisiwe. Ukugcina amarekhodi anemininingwane yokuqubuka kusiza ekulungiseni amasu futhi kuthuthukisa ukumelana nezifo zesikhathi eside.

• Gada masonto onke ngezinambuzane ze-hop nezibungu ngesikhathi sokukhula okusheshayo.
• Beka kuqala ukuvuleka kwe-canopy kanye nokukhipha amanzi kahle ukuze unqande ama-downy mildew hops.
• Yamukela imigqa engazweli futhi uzungezisa amakhemikhali ukuze ulondoloze ukusebenza kahle.

Inkundla ye-Sunlit Landhopfen hop enabasebenzi abanakekela amabhinethi amade aluhlaza. Ulwazi olwengeziwe

Indlela i-terroir nesifunda okuthonya ngayo ukunambitheka kwe-Landhopfen

I-Teroir ithonya kakhulu umlingiswa we-hop. Uhlobo lomhlabathi, ukukhanya kwelanga, kanye nomswakama kushintsha ibhalansi kawoyela ebalulekile. Abaphisi botshwala abafunda i-Landhopfen terroir babona amashifu amakhulu kumawolintshi, ezimbali, namanothi emithi emikhakheni ehlukene.

Izifunda ezihlukahlukene ezikhulayo ze-hop ziveza ukubonakaliswa okuhlukile kwe-cultivar eyodwa. I-Yakima Landhopfen, ngokwesibonelo, ikhombisa amawolintshi agqamile nenhlaka eSigodini saseYakima. Abalimi basogwini nabamaphakathi nezwe e-Oregon nase-California babika ukuvuthwa kwangaphambili nama-aromatics amnandi ezindaweni ezifudumele.

Inhlabathi yaseYurophu iveza enye iphrofayili. I-Polish hop terroir ivamise ukuletha izici zomhlaba, eziya phambili ngezinongo ezinezimbali eziqinile zesitayela esihle. Ulayini ofanayo we-Landhopfen ovunwa e-Poland unganambitha i-herbal noma iminti eminingi uma kuqhathaniswa nesitshalo sase-US.

Isimo sezulu nesikhathi sokuvuna kuthinta kakhulu ukunambitheka. Isikhathi esimanzi singathulisa ama-aromatics ashintshashintshayo. Ilanga lesizini yakamuva kanye nezikhathi zantambama ezomile zithuthukisa i-terpenes, okuholela kumanothi aphezulu ku-hop eqediwe.

• Cela izincazelo eziningi kanye nama-COA ngaphambi kokuthenga.
• Isampula yamaqoqo amancane ukuze uqhathanise imibiko yephunga nekawoyela.
• Qondanisa izici zesifunda nemigomo yakho yeresiphi.

Ukucubungula nakho kudlala indima. I-Landhopfen esanda kukhethwa iveza izimpawu ezihlukile kunama-pellets noma ama-cones omisiwe amadala. Buza mayelana nokomisa amaphrofayili kanye nesitoreji ukuze ubikezele ukuthi i-hop izoziphatha kanjani ku-whirlpool noma izengezo ezomile ze-hop.

Ngokusebenza, hlela izivivinyo ngokuvutshelwa okuncane. Landelela umehluko wezinzwa phakathi kwe-Yakima Landhopfen ne-Polish hop terroir. Le ndlela isiza ukuguqula i-nuance yesifunda ibe yimiphumela kabhiya engaguquki.

Izibonelo zamaresiphi asebenzayo usebenzisa i-Landhopfen Hops

Ngezansi kukhona izifanekiso ezihlangene, ezivivinywayo zotshwala obungamagaloni angu-5 nemihlahlandlela yokudosa eyenza izindlela zokupheka ze-Landhopfen zibe lula ukuzizama ekhaya. Isifanekiso ngasinye sigcizelela kakhulu idatha ye-alpha acid neyowoyela. Qalisa umshayeli wamagalani angu-1–2 uma unenqwaba yamahops.

Isifanekiso se-Pilsner: I-Pilsner malt, amanzi athambile, i-Munich noma i-Vienna ku-5–10% yomzimba, i-1050 target OG, i-Wyeast 2124 Bohemian Lager noma i-White Labs WLP830. Khomba ama-IBU angu-20–30 usebenzisa izengezo zeketela zakuqala ezinosayizi ukuze ulinganiswe ama-alpha acid. Engeza u-1–2 oz emizuzwini engu-10 ukuze uthole iphunga elimnandi ne-whirlpool, bese u-1 oz owomile we-hop izinsuku ezintathu kuya kweziyisihlanu ukuze uthole i-herbal-floral lift ethambile. Le recipe ye-Landhopfen pilsner ithanda ukwengezwa kwakamuva ukuze kuvikelwe amafutha aguquguqukayo ngenkathi igcina isisekelo sicwebile.

Isifanekiso se-Saison: Isisekelo se-ale malt esiphaphathekile esino-5–10% kakolweni noma i-oats, 1.060 OG, imvubelo ye-saison efana ne-Wyeast 3724 noma i-Farmhouse Blend yase-Yeast Bay. Ithagethi 18–35 IBUs kuye ngebhalansi. Engeza u-0.5–1.5 oz emaminithini angu-10 no-0.5–2.0 oz njenge-hop eyomile yangemva kokuvutshelwa. Ukusebenzisa i-Landhopfen ku-saison kuletha unqenqema lwe-herbal olukhanyayo oluhambisana nama-phenolic nama-peppery esters avela kumvubelo.

I-heuristics yeshejuli ye-hop evamile: Ngethagethi engu-20–30 ye-IBU, bala ama-hops ababayo ku-alpha acid bese unciphisa izengezo zangaphambi kwesikhathi uma i-alpha iphezulu. Sebenzisa u-0.5–1.5 oz ukuze uthole izengezo zephunga elimnandi ukuze uthole ubukhona obucashile. Ukuze uthole iphunga elinamandla cindezela i-hop eyomile ibe ngu-1.5-2.0 oz. Landela ishejuli ye-Landhopfen hop egcina iningi lenqwaba ye-hop isesikhathini sakamuva nangemuva kwezinyathelo zokuvutshelwa ukuze kugcinwe amafutha abalulekile.

Amathiphu okushuna: Uma ubhiya unambitha imifino, nciphisa isikhathi se-hop esomile sibe izinsuku ezimbili noma wehlise isisindo sokwengeza sekwephuzile. Uma iphunga libuthakathaka, khulisa i-hop eyomile ngo-0.5 oz kumshayeli olandelayo. Sebenzisa izikhwama ze-hop noma ama-hops avulekile; ama-hops axegayo athuthukisa ukukhishwa ezindaweni ezincane. Gcina impilo ye-yeast nokulawula izinga lokushisa kuqinile uma usebenzisa i-Landhopfen ene-saison yeast ukuze ugweme ukufihla uhlamvu lwe-hop.

Ukugcinwa kwamarekhodi: Qaphela inqwaba yokuvuna, i-alpha acid, isamba sikawoyela, izikhathi zokwengeza, nobude besikhathi esomile se-hop kuso sonke isivivinyo. Qhathanisa amanothi ezinzwa kuwo wonke amaqoqo futhi ulungise ishejuli ye-Landhopfen hop ngokunyuka okungu-10–20% uze ufinyelele ibhalansi yezimbali namakhambi oyifunayo.

Ukuxazulula izinkinga nge-Landhopfen ku-brewhouse

Qala ngokuqhathanisa isitifiketi senkatho yokuhlaziya nokuvela kwezinzwa. Bheka ama-alpha acid, isamba sikawoyela, namazinga e-humulene ne-myrcene. Umehluko uvame ukukhombisa izinkinga zokusetshenziswa kwe-hop noma ukwelapha okungekuhle epulazini.

Hlola izigaxa ukuze uthole imbewu, izinto zemifino, noma izimpawu zokucindezelwa ensimini njenge-downy mildew noma ukulimala kwe-aphid. Amaphutha anjalo angethula umunyu kanye namanothi aluhlaza. Uma ukungcola kutholakala, hlukanisa indawo bese wenza isiphuzo esincane sokuhlola ngaphambi kokusisebenzisa kakhulu.

Ukuze ubhekane nama-hop off-flavour, thola imbangela engaba khona. Ukubaba okuvela ezinhlamvini noma eziqwini kungase kudinge i-trub enolaka kanye nokuphathwa kwemibhede ye-hop. Amaphepha noma amanothi adala asikisela ukufakwa kwe-oxidation yamafutha e-hop; buyekeza umlando wesitoreji kanye nezinqubo zokuvala i-vacuum sealing.

Lungisa iresiphi kanye nenqubo yezinkinga zokusebenzisa i-hop. Khulisa izengezo zegedlela sekwephuzile noma ze-whirlpool futhi uthuthukise amanani e-dry-hop ngezinombolo eziphansi zikawoyela. Sebenzisa izikhathi ezimfushane zokuthintana ne-dry-hop ukuze unciphise ukukhishwa kotshani noma imifino.

• Qinisekisa izinombolo ze-COA bese usebenzisa iphaneli yezinzwa eqoqweni elincane.
• Phakamisa izengezo eziphuzile noma i-dry-hop ukuze ubuyisele iphunga lapho amafutha ephansi.
• Sika isikhathi se-dry-hop, noma i-cold-crash ngokushesha ukuze unciphise amanothi anotshani.

Ukuze ulawule i-oxidation, gcina ama-hops abandayo futhi avacuum-sealed ku-0°F noma ngaphansi uma kungenzeka. Shintshanisa noma iyiphi i-foil noma iphakheji evumela umoya-mpilo. Uma iphunga elimnandi liphikelela ngemva kwesitoreji esilungisiwe, cabanga ukuhlanganisa nenqwaba entsha noma ukufaka okuhlukile okufanayo.

Qaphela izingozi zamagciwane. Hlanza izindawo zokubamba futhi ugweme ukubeka amahops endaweni efudumele, enomswakama. Uma kusolwa ukungcoliswa kwamagciwane, sebenzisa izivivinyo ze-microbiological bese ususa uhlu oluthintekile ekukhiqizeni.

• Yenza uhlolo lokuhlola ngaphambi kokushintsha izinguquko.
• Sebenzisa amaphaneli ezinzwa ukuze uqinisekise ukusebenza kwamakhambi.
• Ukusebenza kwenqwaba yedokhumenti futhi ubuyekeze umthamo osuselwe ku-COA ukuze uthole okuphuzwayo okuzayo.

Uma izipho ze-Landhopfen ze-hop off-flavour ziphikelela, khetha enye esikhundleni esiseduze futhi uqaphele umehluko we-alpha namafutha. Gcina amarekhodi ezinkinga zokusetshenziswa kwe-hop kuzo zonke izindawo ukuze wenze ngcono umthamo kanye nesikhathi ukuze uthole imiphumela engaguquki kumaqoqo azayo.

Ukuthola i-Landhopfen Hops e-United States

Kubakhiqizi botshwala base-US abafuna ukuthenga ama-Landhopfen hops, qala ngabathengisi be-hop nemifelandawonye e-Yakima Valley, Willamette Valley, kanye nasePacific Northwest. I-Yakima Chief, i-Freshops, i-Global Hops, i-USA Hops, ne-IndieHops zinikeza izimila eziningi zase-Europe. Bangakuqondisa ku-niche lots noma ukungenisa amashaneli ezinhlobonhlobo ezingavamile.

Ngaphambi kokuthenga, cela abahlinzeki ngemibhalo ecaciswe kakhulu. Cela idatha ye-COA kuma-alpha acid, ama-beta acid, nengqikithi kawoyela. Futhi, qinisekisa usuku lokuvuna, indlela yokucubungula, nomlando wokulondoloza ukuze uqinisekise ubusha.

• Uncamela ama-pellets agcwele i-Landhopfen ukuze azinze ekuthumeleni nasekugcinweni kwesikhathi eside.
• Khetha izigaxa ze-Landhopfen eziqandisiwe noma ezine-nitrogen uma udinga isitshalo esiphelele ukuze ugxumagxume okomile.
• Thenga isilingo esincane kuqala ukuze uhlole iphunga nokuhlukahluka kwe-alpha kumaresiphi akho.

Ukutholakala kwe-Landhopfen e-US kunganqunyelwa. Bheka ngalé kwabathengi abakhulu kwabathenga kwamanye amazwe abakhethekile kanye nabalimi besifunda abalima amahops ezwekazi laseYurophu ngaphansi kwenkontileka. Izinhlelo zokuzalanisa zasenyuvesi kanye nokukhishwa kwe-USDA kunomthelela ekuhlinzekeni kodwa izinhlobo eziningi zokuphathelene zihamba ngezindawo ezizimele kanye nabalimi bezentengiselwano.

Lapho uthintana nabahlinzeki be-Landhopfen base-US, faka le mibuzo: Ungakwazi yini ukunikeza i-COA yamanje? Luthini usuku lokuvuna nokucubungula? Yayigcinwa futhi yapakishwa kanjani i-hop? Ingabe unikeza kokubili amapellets e-Landhopfen nama-Landhopfen cones?

Ukuze uthole ukulandeleka nokusebenza okungaguquguquki, gcizelela izinombolo zeqoqo kanye nemininingwane yochungechunge lokuboshwa. Abathengisi abathembekile bazohlinzeka ngemibiko yelebhu kanye nezinketho zokupakisha ezifana namapellets avalwe nge-vacuum noma ama-cones afriziwe ukuze kulondolozwe uwoyela namaphrofayela okubaba.

Abaphisi botshwala abancane kufanele bacabangele ukuthenga kweqembu noma ubudlelwano nabaphisi botshwala besifunda ukuze bavikele inkatho ye-Landhopfen elinganiselwe. Sebenza nomthengisi othembekile uma kudingeka ukungenisa okuqondile okuvela e-Europe. Le ndlela isiza ukulawula izindleko ngenkathi iqinisekisa ukufinyelela kokubalulekile kwe-Landhopfen.

Gcina amarekhodi enkatho ngayinye oyisebenzisayo. Landelela imiphumela yokunambitheka, amashejuli we-mash, kanye nefomu le-hop. Le datha isiza ukwenza ngcono ukukhetha kokuthola futhi inqume ukuthi kufanele ubeke phambili nini amapellets e-Landhopfen ngaphezu kwamakhoni ukuze uthole imiphumela engashintshi.

Isiphetho

Lesi sifinyezo sigqamisa izici ezibalulekile abaphisi botshwala okufanele bazicabangele. Ukubaba okulinganiselwe kwe-Landhopfen kanye nephunga elimnandi lezimbali le-herbal kuyenza ilungele ukungezwa kwakamuva nokugxumagxuma okomile. Ukumelana nezifo zayo kanye nesivuno nakho kuyaphawuleka. Umlingiswa wokugcina uthonywa yi-regional terroir nezindlela zokucubungula.

Uma uphisa nge-Landhopfen, qala ngamaqoqo okushayela ukuhlola ukuhambisana kwayo nezithako zakho. Qinisekisa ukuthi ucela ama-COA nemininingwane yokuvuna kubahlinzeki abafana neGreat Lakes Hops noma abathengisi base-Yakima Valley. Gcina amahops ebanda futhi avalwe ukuze ulondoloze amafutha awo. Uma i-Landhopfen inzima ukuyithola, cabanga esikhundleni se-Hallertauer, Tettnanger, Liberty, noma Mount Hood.

Lesi sifinyezo sihlose ukuqondisa abaphisi botshwala ekusebenziseni okungokoqobo. Yenza izivivinyo ezincane, rekhoda idatha yezinzwa ne-gravimetric, futhi ugxile kuma-hops anokuhlaziywa kwelebhu esobala. Ngokulungiswa okufanele kwemithombo kanye neresiphi, i-Landhopfen ingathuthukisa kokubili ibhalansi yokubaba kanye nephunga elimnandi ngezitayela ezahlukene zikabhiya.

Ukufunda Okuqhubekayo

Uma ukujabulele lokhu okuthunyelwe, ungaphinda uthande lezi ziphakamiso:

• Ama-Hops e-Beer Brewing: Willamette
• Ama-Hops e-Beer Brewing: Hallertau
• Amahophu Ekuphiseni Ubhiya: I-Horizon