Ama-Hops Ekubhiyeni Ubhiya: I-Neoplanta

Ukusondelana kwama-Neoplanta hop cones anokukhanya okufudumele kanye nesizinda sokwenziwa esifiphele. Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

I-Neoplanta, eyavela ngasekupheleni kwawo-1960, yayiyimpendulo yokwehla kwezinhlobo zendabuko ze-landraces. Ifana nozalo lwe-Vojvodina ne-Dunav, ingena ohlwini lwezinhlobo zomhlaba wonke. Amaqoqo e-USDA kanye ne-Oregon State University afaka uhlu lwe-Neoplanta ngaphansi kokubhaliswa ngo-21082, okusiza abalimi kanye nabenzi bobhiya ekuqinisekiseni ubuqiniso bayo kanye nemvelaphi yayo.

Ama-Neoplanta hop afaneleka kakhulu kuma-ales afuna ukubaba okulinganiselayo kanye nephunga elimnandi. Njengama-Slovenian hop, ahlinzeka ngama-alpha acid aphakathi nendawo kanye nephrofayili yamafutha alinganiselayo. Lokhu kuwenza afaneleke kokubili ukubaba kanye nokwengezwa kamuva. Imikhuba eningiliziwe yokwenza ubhiya, i-agronomy, kanye namathiphu okugcina kuxoxwa ngawo kabanzi kulabo abahlose ukufaka ubukhazikhazi baseYurophu ezindleleni zabo zokupheka.

Okuthathwayo Okubalulekile

• Ama-Neoplanta hop ayinhlobo ye-Slovenia hop esetshenziselwa kokubili ukubaba kanye nephunga elimnandi.
• Zavela ngasekupheleni kwawo-1960 kanye neVojvodina kanye neDunav emizamweni yokuzalanisa yesifunda.
• Uhlu lwamaqoqo e-USDA/OSU i-Neoplanta (ukufinyelela ku-21082) ukuze lubhekiselwe kukho.
• Uhlobo lwe-Neoplanta hop lunikeza ama-alpha acid aphakathi nendawo kanye nephrofayili encane yezimbali namakhambi.
• Kufanelekile kakhulu ukwenza ama-hop ahloselwe ama-ales aseYurophu.

Isingeniso kuma-hops e-Neoplanta

I-Neoplanta yazalwa ohlelweni lokuzalanisa eSlovenia ngasekupheleni kwawo-1960. Yadalwa ngokuhlanganisa i-Northern Brewer, i-Styrian Golding, kanye neduna laseSlovenia lasendle. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuthuthukisa uhlobo oluthembeke kakhulu, oluhlose ukuthatha indawo ye-Backa landrace endala. I-Backa landrace yayaziwa ngokuthela kwayo okuphansi, okubeka inselele kubalimi.

Abafuyi basebenze kanye nezinhlobo ezifana neVojvodina kanye neDunav ukuthuthukisa iNeoplanta. Ukugxila kwabo kwakuwukuthuthukisa isivuno kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezolimo. Lo mzamo uyisisekelo somlando weNeoplanta kanye nokubaluleka kwayo kwezolimo zanamuhla.

I-Neoplanta iyi-hop enezinhloso ezimbili, esetshenziselwa kokubili ukubaba kanye nephunga elimnandi. Ukuguquguquka kwayo kuyaziswa kakhulu ngabakhi be-malt kanye nabakhiqizi bobhiya. Ifakiwe emaqoqweni e-hop aphesheya kanye nokufakwa kwe-USDA/OSU cultivar, ngaphansi kokwamukelwa kuka-21082. Lokhu kuqinisekisa imvelaphi yayo ebhaliwe.

Ukwethulwa kwe-Neoplanta eSlovenia kwaphawula ushintsho oluvela ezindlini ezincane kuya ezindleleni zokuzala ezihleliwe. Abalimi nabacwaningi bavame ukubhekisela emlandweni we-Neoplanta lapho bexoxa ngentuthuko yayo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi isivuno esingcono, ukubekezelela izifo, kanye nokuthengiseka. Lesi sizinda sibalulekile kubapheki bobhiya ukuze baqonde ukwamukelwa kwayo kabanzi.

Ama-hops e-Neoplanta

I-Neoplanta iqashelwa ngabathengisi bezimpahla njenge-hop enezinhloso ezimbili. Isebenza kokubili indima yokubaba kanye nephunga elimnandi ekwenzeni ubhiya. Inconywa kuma-ales aluhlaza alinganiselayo, ama-lager, kanye nezitayela ezixubile. Lawa bhiya adinga umgogodla oqinile obabayo kanye nokuphakanyiswa okumnandi kwephunga elimnandi.

Izici ze-Neoplanta ziyahlukahluka kuye ngendawo kanye nesizini. Ubukhulu bekhoni kanye nobuningi buxhomeke enhlabathini yendawo kanye nesimo sezulu. Izitshalo zivuthwa ngasekupheleni kwesizini. Abalimi baphawula izinga lokukhula eliphakeme kakhulu kuya kweliphezulu, okusiza ekuqiniseni nasekuphatheni kahle.

Izibalo zesivuno zibonisa inani elilinganiselwa lokuvunwa elingu-1,435 kg ngehektha ngalinye. Lokhu kungaba amakhilogremu angu-1,280 ngehektha ngalinye. Imininingwane enjalo isiza abakhiqizi bezandla nabahwebi ekuhleleni ubuningi bokutshala kanye nokutholakala kwezinhlelo zokukhiqiza ubhiya.

Uhlu lwezentengiselwano lwe-Neoplanta luvame ukufaka ezinye izinto ezinconywayo kanye namanothi esitayela. Abathengisi abathumela imikhiqizo ezweni lonke banikeza iziqondiso zokunambitha kanye namanani aphakanyisiwe okushintshashintsha. Lezi zinsiza zisiza abenzi bobhiya ukuthi bavumelanise injongo ye-Neoplanta nemigomo yabo yokupheka.

• Ukusetshenziswa: inhloso ekabili yokwengeza iphunga elimnandi ekuqaleni kanye nephunga elimnandi kamuva
• Isizini: ukuvuthwa kwesizini sekwephuzile, isikhathi sokuvuna sibalulekile
• Izinga lokukhula: liphezulu kakhulu, lidinga ukwesekwa okuqinile
• Isivuno esijwayelekile: ~1,435 kg/ha (~1,280 lbs/acre)

Uhlu lozalo kanye nentuthuko

Imvelaphi yozalo lwe-Neoplanta ivela ekuhlanganiseni okubalulekile phakathi kwezinhlobo ezidumile kanye nezilwane zasendle zasendaweni. Abafuyi bafuna ukuhlanganisa amandla abuhlungu e-Northern Brewer nephunga elicwengekile le-Styrian Golding. Lokhu kwafezwa ngokuhlanganisa lezi zici nendoda yaseSlovenia yasendle.

I-Neoplanta, eyavela ngasekupheleni kwawo-1960, yayiwumkhiqizo wemizamo yokuzalanisa yaseSlovenia. Yathuthukiswa kanye nezinye izinhlobo ezifana neVojvodina neDunav. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa okuhambisanayo kwakuhlose ukuthuthukisa izici zokusebenza kwesifunda.

Iphrojekthi yokuzalanisa yayihlose ukudlula iBacka ngokwandisa isivuno kanye nokuzinza kwezolimo. Yayifuna ukugcina inani labapheki bobhiya liyikhwalithi eyinkimbinkimbi. Ukumelana nezifo, ukwakheka kwamakhowe njalo, kanye nokubaba okulinganayo kanye nephunga elimnandi kwakuyizinhloso ezibalulekile.

Ngokusebenzisa izivivinyo ezihlelekile, ukuzalanisa i-hop Neoplanta kwahlola ukusebenza kwensimu kanye nokufaneleka kokwenza ubhiya. Lezi zivivinyo zahlola ukuhambisana kwe-alpha ne-beta acid, ukuqina kwephrofayili kawoyela, kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo zendawo.

Ukufakwa kweNeoplanta ohlwini olukhulu lwe-germplasm kugcizelela ukubaluleka kwayo kwezakhi zofuzo. Izikhungo ezifana ne-Oregon State University kanye ne-USDA ziyaqaphela ukubaluleka kwayo, okubonisa isithakazelo somhlaba wonke ekwakhekeni kwayo kwezakhi zofuzo.

• Ubuzali: I-Northern Brewer Styrian Golding cross nendoda yasendle yaseSlovenia.
• Umugqa wesikhathi: Yakhethwa okokuqala ngasekupheleni kwawo-1960 eSlovenia.
• Umgomo: Faka esikhundleni se-Backa isivuno esithuthukisiwe kanye ne-agronomics ezinzile.

Umfanekiso wezitshalo wakudala obonisa amakhoni e-hop anemininingwane namaqabunga afakwe umngcele wasendulo ohlotshisiwe ngezakhi zebhali nokolweni. Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Iphrofayili ye-Alpha ne-beta acid

Ama-Neoplanta alpha acid ngokuvamile asukela ku-7.4% kuya ku-12%. Lokhu kukubeka njenge-bittering hop ephakathi kuya kwephezulu. Abenzi bobhiya bangasebenzisa la manani ukubala ama-IBU ebhiya ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa ama-pale ale nama-lager.

Ama-beta acid e-Neoplanta aphakathi kuka-2.9% no-5%. Ama-beta acid anegalelo elincane ekubabeni kodwa athinta ukuqina nokunambitheka kokuguga. Ukuqapha amazinga awo kubalulekile ekubikezeleni ukuvela kobhiya ebhodleleni.

I-Co-humulone icishe ibe ngu-36% wokuqukethwe kwe-alpha okuphelele. Lesi sibalo sithonya ukuqonda ukubaba. Ngokuvamile kuphumela ekubeniba okuhlanzekile, okuqinile ngaphandle kobukhali, uma kusetshenziswa kahle.

• Ukwakheka kwe-beta ye-hop alpha kwazisa izibalo ezijwayelekile zokubilisa kanye nokukhetha kokuxuba.
• Ama-Neoplanta alpha acids aqondisa ukwengezwa kwamathumba kusenesikhathi ukuze kutholakale i-IBU ebikezelwayo.
• Ama-beta acid e-Neoplanta asiza ekuhloleni ukuqina kokunambitheka kwesikhathi eside kanye nezinguquko zangemuva kokubilisa.

I-Neoplanta ihlukaniswa njenge-hop enezinhloso ezimbili. Ifaneleka ukubilisa ngamanani e-alpha alinganisiwe. Ilungele futhi ukungezwa kamuva noma ama-hop e-whirlpool ukukhipha amanothi ezimbali noma amakhambi ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ama-malt athambile kakhulu.

Amathiphu awusizo: phatha uhla lwe-alpha olubalwe njengolujwayelekile, olungaguquki. Ukuhlaziywa kwesampula kwesivuno ngasinye kuthuthukisa ukunemba. Lungisa amashejuli okugxuma ukuze ulinganise ama-IBU nephunga ngenkathi ukhumbula ukwakheka kwe-hop alpha beta.

Ukwakheka kwamafutha abalulekile kanye nezici zephunga

Amafutha abalulekile e-Neoplanta angaba ngu-1.3 mL ngamagremu ayi-100 amakhoni. Leli nani lifanele ukusetshenziswa kokubili kokubilisa kwasekugcineni kanye nokwe-dry-hop.

Ukwakheka kwamafutha kwembula i-myrcene ku-49%, i-humulene ku-20%, kanye ne-caryophyllene ku-8.9%. I-Farnesene icishe ibe ngu-5%. Le nhlanganisela igqamisa amanothi e-resin, amakhambi, kanye ne-spice kuphrofayela ye-hop.

Iphunga le-Neoplanta lihlanganisa ithonya le-Styrian Golding kanye ne-Northern Brewer kanye nokwakheka kwamafutha ayo. Iveza amanothi ezinkuni namakhambi. Imibala yezimbali ekhanyayo kanye nomhlabathi, kanye nokuncane kwezinongo kanye ne-resin, kuvela ekufakweni kamuva.

Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-myrcene kuthuthukisa ukuqina kwe-fresh-hop ezithelweni ze-whirlpool noma ze-dry-hop. I-Humulene ne-caryophyllene zifaka isandla ekudambiseni amakhambi, okhuni, kanye nokunambitheka okubabayo. Lezi zinto zithuthukisa ubuntu be-hop ebhiya lokugcina.

• Amafutha ayinhloko: i-myrcene humulene caryophyllene isebenza ndawonye ukudala ukujula.
• Ukusetshenziswa kwemizwa: ukwengezwa kwakamuva kugcizelela umthelela we-fresh-hop; ukwengezwa kwasekuqaleni kukhuthaza ukuguquguquka okubabayo.
• Imiphumela ye-Terroir: indawo ekhulayo kanye nokucubungula kungashintsha ibhalansi yamafutha abalulekile e-Neoplanta kanye nephunga le-Neoplanta eliveziwe.

Ukuhlola ukuhlukahluka kudinga ukunambitha amaqoqo okuhlola anesikhathi namazinga ahlukene. Le ndlela ikhombisa ukuthi i-myrcene, i-humulene, ne-caryophyllene zihlangana kanjani ezindleleni zokupheka ezithile kanye nezimo zokubilisa.

Izici ze-Agronomic kanye nephrofayili ekhulayo

I-Neoplanta agronomy ikhombisa amandla aphezulu, kanye nokukhula okusheshayo kwe-canopy. Imigqa igcwala ngokushesha ezindaweni ezifudumele, okudinga ukuphathwa kwe-trellis okuphumelelayo emisebenzini yezentengiselwano.

Isikhathi sokutshala se-Neoplanta side kakhulu. Amashejuli okutshala kumele avumelane nezikhathi ezinde zokulenga, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezivame ukuba nemvula yasekwindla noma isithwathwa sokuqala.

Imibiko yesivuno se-Neoplanta iyahlukahluka kakhulu ngokusekelwe endaweni kanye nemikhuba yokuphatha. Isivuno esibhaliwe singaba ngu-1,435 kg/hectare (1,280 lbs/acre). E-United States, isivuno singashintshashintsha kakhulu, sithonywe uhlobo lwesitshalo kanye nesifunda, okuqondisa okulindelwe ngabalimi.

• Izinga lokukhula: liphezulu kakhulu kuya phezulu, lidinga izakhiwo zokusekela eziqinile.
• Ukuvuthwa: ekupheleni kwesizini; hlela amafasitela okuvuna ngokucophelela.
• Ukwehlukahluka kwesivuno: indawo kanye nokufakwayo kungashintsha kakhulu isivuno se-Neoplanta.

Ubukhulu bekhoni kanye nobuningi kuthonywa yi-terroir. Ezinye izindawo zikhiqiza amakhoni amakhulu, aminyene, kanti ezinye zikhiqiza alula, anomoya omningi. Lokhu kuhlukahluka kuthinta isikhathi sokukhethwa kanye nokuphathwa ngemva kokuvunwa.

Izindlela zokuvuna zincike esikalini, zikhetha ukuvuna ngomshini noma ngesandla. Naphezu kokulula kokuvuna okubikiwe, ukuvuthwa sekwephuzile kwandisa ingozi yokulahlekelwa okuhlobene nesimo sezulu. Vumelanisa abasebenzi nemishini nenani eliphakeme lesizini ukuze unciphise izingozi.

Ukunisela okuhle kakhulu, umanyolo olinganiselayo, kanye ne-trellis eqinile kubalulekile ekunciphiseni ukucindezeleka nokuthuthukisa imiphumela ye-Neoplanta agronomy. Ukuqapha ngokucophelela amandla omvini nokulungisa ubuningi behlumela kungavikela ikhwalithi yekhoni futhi kuzinzise isivuno se-Neoplanta.

Umbono ophansi wama-hop aluhlaza aluhlaza akhula emigqeni eqinile ngaphansi kwelanga elifudumele, anezimbobo zokukhuphuka, ama-hop cone okuqala, amagquma aguqayo, kanye nesibhakabhaka esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esicwebezelayo. Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Ukumelana nezifo kanye nokugcinwa kwazo

I-Neoplanta inikeza iphrofayili yesifo ecacile kunezinhlobo ezindala zasemakhaya. Abafuyi bezilwane bahlose ukunciphisa izinkinga ezivamile ezibonakala ku-Backa, okuthuthukisa ukuqina kwezinhlobo. Abalimi baphawula ukumelana kwezifo ze-Neoplanta njengesici esivelele se-hop yesimanje.

Ukuhlolwa kwensimu kwembula ukuvikelwa okulinganiselwe ngokumelene ne-downy mildew. Lesi sici sibalulekile njengoba i-downy mildew ingathinta kakhulu isivuno kanye nekhwalithi ye-cone. Ukumelana ne-downy mildew ye-Neoplanta kusiza ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-fungicide, ikakhulukazi ngokuphathwa kahle kwe-canopy kanye nokukhetha indawo.

Akuzona zonke izingozi ze-pathogen ezibhalwe kahle nge-Neoplanta. Ukuthinteka okuthile akucaciswanga kahle ezifinyezweni ezishicilelwe. Abalimi kumele baqaphe izinambuzane zasendaweni kanye nezifo zamaqabunga. Kufanele basebenzise ukuphathwa kwezinambuzane okuhlanganisiwe okulungiselelwe isifunda sabo.

Ukusebenza kwesitoreji kusesigabeni esiphakathi. Ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ku-20°C (68°F), i-Neoplanta igcina cishe u-63% wama-alpha acid ayo. Lokhu kubeka ukuzinza kwesitoreji se-Neoplanta ngaphansi kwezinhlobo eziphezulu ezigcina u-75–80% noma ngaphezulu ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo.

• Uma ufuna ubhiya obunephunga elimnandi, khetha ama-Neoplanta hops amasha ukuze uvikele uwoyela oshintshashintshayo.
• Uma kubanda, ukulahlekelwa okuncane kwe-alpha kungalawuleka ngokulungiswa kwamazinga okwehla.
• Abaprosesa kufanele balandelele ukwehla kwe-alpha futhi balebhele izinsuku zokuvuna zabathengi.

Ukuphathwa ngendlela engokoqobo kunganciphisa ingozi yokuwohloka. Ukugcinwa ebanda, ukupakishwa okuhlanzwe nge-vacuum noma i-nitrogen, kanye nokulawula izinga lokushisa okuqinile kugcina ama-alpha acid namafutha abalulekile. Lezi zindlela zithuthukisa ukuzinza kwesitoreji se-Neoplanta ezinketheni zokuphakelwa kwezentengiselwano.

Sekukonke, ukumelana nesifo seNeoplanta kanye nezici zokugcina zifanelekile emisebenzini eminingi yezandla neyezentengiselwano. Abapheki bebhiya nabaprosesa abahlela ukugcina, baqaphe ikhwalithi, futhi bavumelanise ukusetshenziswa ngokusekelwe kwisitayela sikabhiya esihlosiwe bazofeza imiphumela emihle kakhulu ngalolu hlobo lwe-hop.

Ukusetshenziswa kokwenza ubhiya: ukubaba, iphunga elimnandi, kanye nezinhloso ezimbili

I-Neoplanta iyi-hop enezinjongo ezimbili ehlukahlukene, efaneleka kokubili ukubilisa nokuqeda. Ibaluleke kakhulu ekwenzeni ama-ales aseYurophu, ama-amber ales, kanye nobhiya obuphuzi obulinganiselayo. Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kwayo kuyenza ibe yintandokazi phakathi kwabenzi bobhiya.

Ukuze kube nokubilisa, i-Neoplanta isetshenziswa kangcono ekufakweni kwe-kettle kwasekuqaleni ukuze kufezwe ama-IBU afunwayo. Ama-alpha acid ayo asukela kumaphesenti angu-7.4 kuya kwangu-12, okwenza kube yinto enamandla yokubalisa okuyinhloko. Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-co-humulone, cishe amaphesenti angu-36, kunegalelo ekubabeni okukhulu. Lungisa isikhathi kanye nobuningi ukuze kuhambisane nezintandokazi zakho zokunambitha.

Iphrofayili yephunga likaNeoplanta ilawulwa yi-myrcene, ene-humulene ephawulekayo kanye ne-caryophyllene. Ukuyifaka ezigabeni ze-kettle noma ze-whirlpool kuthola amanothi e-resin, amakhambi, kanye nezimbali. Le ndlela isiza ukulondoloza ama-aromatics aguquguqukayo angase alahleke emathunjini amade.

Ukugxumagxuma okumanzi kuthuthukisa uhlamvu lwe-hop ngaphandle kokwengeza ukubaba. Kusebenzise kancane ukuze kube yinkimbinkimbi encane noma ngobuningi obukhulu ukuze kube nombala ogqamile wekhala lezitshalo. Khumbula ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-hop kungashintsha ngokuya ngobudala be-pellet kanye nezimo zokugcina.

• Sebenzisa izithasiselo zemizuzu engama-60-90 ukuze uqabule i-Neoplanta eyinhloko.
• Bhukha ama-hops e-late-kettle noma e-whirlpool ukuze uthole i-Neoplanta aroma hops ethinta.
• Ukwelula ngemva kokubilisa ukuze uphakamise amanothi aphezulu e-resin kanye namakhambi.

I-Neoplanta ilungele ama-hybrid ales adinga umgogodla oqinile obabayo kanye nephunga elilinganiselayo le-hop. Ukuguquguquka kwayo kwenza kube ukukhetha okusebenzayo kokubili ezindaweni ezincane zokwenza ubhiya kanye nabakhiqizi bobhiya basekhaya. Yenza inqubo yokwenza ubhiya ibe lula ngokuphatha izindima eziningi ngohlobo olulodwa.

Izinhlobo ezithatha indawo kanye nezinhlobo ezifanayo

Imigqa ye-hop yaseYurophu Ephakathi kanye neyakudala yesiNgisi isebenza njengezindawo zokufaka esikhundleni se-Neoplanta. Ifana ngobubanzi bayo obubabayo kanye nobuntu bayo obunuka kamnandi. I-Northern Brewer kanye ne-Styrian Golding ziyathandwa ngenxa yekhono lazo lokukhulisa umunyu kanye nokwengezwa kwephunga eliphakathi kuya kwelakamuva.

Ukuze kufane ama-alpha acid, iNorthern Brewer noma iWillamette zilungele. Zinikeza iphrofayili yokubaba eseduze neNeoplanta. I-Styrian Golding, i-Fuggle, nezinye izinhlobo zaseSlovenia naseCentral Europe zinhle kakhulu ngephunga. Ziletha amanothi ezinongo, ezinokhuni, nezinongo ezithambile.

• Hlanganisa ama-alpha acid ukuze ubambe ukuze kulondolozwe ama-IBU kanye nebhalansi.
• Qhathanisa izilinganiso zamafutha abalulekile — i-myrcene, i-humulene, i-caryophyllene — ukuze ugcine iphunga elimnandi.
• Hlanganisa ezinye izinto esikhundleni sazo uma uhlobo olulodwa lungakwazi ukuphinda kokubili ukubaba kanye nephunga elimnandi.

Uhlu lwe-OSU kanye ne-USDA lunikeza izinketho eziningi. Ukulungiswa okuncane kumashejuli okushintshashintsha kuvumela ukuzivumelanisa kalula nezindlela zokupheka. Sebenzisa i-hop ephuzile kakhulu noma i-dry hop uma okunye kungenawoyela onephunga eliphansi.

Ukushintshana okusebenzayo kuyahlukahluka ngesitayela sikabhiya. I-Styrian Golding noma i-Willamette zifanelekela ama-lager kanye nama-ales omile. Kubhiya obumnyama noma obuvela ku-malt, i-Fuggle noma i-Northern Brewer inikeza umgogodla odingekayo.

Ukuhlola iqembu lokuhlola kuyindlela ephephile kakhulu lapho ushintsha i-Neoplanta. Qala ngokufaka esikhundleni esingu-10–20%. Bese ulungisa amazinga noma isikhathi ukuze ufinyelele ibhalansi oyifunayo phakathi kwezinhlobo ze-hop ezifanayo.

Ukusondelana kwama-hop cones, okusanhlamvu, amakhambi, kanye namabhodlela engilazi ezithako zokubilisa etafuleni lokhuni lasemaphandleni elinensimu ye-hop efiphele ngemuva. Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Imibono yeresiphi kanye namashejuli okushintshashintsha asebenzayo

Qala ngokubeka imigomo ecacile: izinga lokubaba elifiswayo, ukugxila kwephunga, nokuthi i-Neoplanta izosebenza njenge-hop enezinjongo ezimbili. Ukuze uthole ukubaba okumaphakathi, hlela ukwengeza imizuzu engama-60 usebenzisa i-alpha acid elinganisiwe ye-lot. Hlosa ama-IBU angu-20-30 lapho upheka i-Euro-amber ale noma ama-15-25 e-pale ale.

Isibonelo sesimiso sokubanda sebhetshi elingama-gallon angu-5:

• Ukwengezwa kwemizuzu engama-60: I-Neoplanta ukuze inikeze ama-IBU ayinhloko (sebenzisa i-alpha acid ephakathi kuka-7.4%–12% ukuze ulinganise umthamo).
• I-whirlpool yemizuzu eyi-10-20: yeqa noma sebenzisa i-neutral hop uma ugxile ekushiseni kuphela.
• I-Dry-hop: 3–5 g/L isikaliwe ukuze ilingane nosayizi weqoqo uma kufunwa iphunga.

Indlela enezinhloso ezimbili yokubilisa nokunambitheka okulinganiselayo:

• Ukwengeza kusenesikhathi: engeza i-Neoplanta eyanele ngemizuzu engama-60 ukuze ulethe inani lama-IBU angu-20-30.
• I-Whirlpool ku-180–200°F imizuzu eyi-10–20: engeza u-10–20 g/L (isikali ngeqoqo) ukuze ugcine amafutha ashintshashintshayo futhi wakhe amanothi e-resin yamakhambi.
• I-Dry-hop: 3–5 g/L yamaphrofayili ahamba phambili ngephunga, agcinwa isikhathi eside ekuvuthweni ukuze kuvikelwe ama-terpenes athambile.

Isiqondiso sesitayela esithile sigcina izindlela zokupheka zilungile. Nge-ale ye-Euro-amber, sebenzisa ama-IBU angu-20-30 anezengezo ze-whirlpool zakamuva ukuze ugcizelele amaphunga ezitshalo kanye ne-resin. Nge-ale ye-pale yaseMelika noma yesimanje, gcina ama-IBU elinganiselayo futhi ukhethe i-dry-hop ukuze ubonise uhlamvu lwe-citrus kanye ne-resin oluqhutshwa yi-myrcene.

Amathiphu awusizo kunoma yiluphi uhlelo lwe-hop Ukuhlela i-Neoplanta:

• Lungisa amazinga ngokusekelwe ku-alpha acid elinganisiwe ye-hop lot ethile ngaphambi kokuthatha umthamo wokugcina.
• Cabanga ngokugcinwa okulingene ngokwandisa izengezo ezisanda kwenezelwa noma ukusebenzisa i-Neoplanta entsha ukuze kugcizelelwe iphunga elimnandi.
• Bhala phansi amagremu aqondile ngelitha elisetshenzisiwe ukuze ukwazi ukuphinda izindlela zokupheka ze-Neoplanta ozithandayo.

Uhlelo olulula lokugxuma lwe-Neoplanta ongaluzama: imizuzu engama-60 yokubilisa ama-IBU angu-20, imizuzu eyi-15 yokugxuma ku-190°F nge-10 g/L, bese u-dry-hop 4 g/L izinsuku ezinhlanu. Shintsha inani le-hop nesikhathi ukuze lihambisane nephrofayili ye-malt bill kanye ne-yeast ester.

Ukutholakala, ukutholakala, kanye nokuthi ungayithenga kuphi i-Neoplanta

Ukutholakala kwe-Neoplanta kuyashintsha ngezinkathi zonyaka kanye nesifunda. Abalimi bezentengiselwano bayibeka ohlwini lwezincwadi zaseYurophu. Abathengisi be-hop abakhethekile nabo bayibeka phakathi kwezinhlobo ezitshaliwe. Kodwa-ke, abenzi bobhiya base-US bangase bakuthole kunzima ukuyithola kune-hops evamile yaseMelika.

Ukuze uthenge ama-hop e-Neoplanta, qala ngabasabalalisi nabangenisi abaziwayo be-hop. Baphatha izinhlobo zaseSlovenia naseCentral Europe. Hlola uhlu lwamasheya ezitolo ezivela kubathengisi abanjengoBarthHaas noma iYakima Chief ukuze uthole ukungeniswa kwesifunda. Ngaphambi koku-oda, buza ngezinketho zokuthumela kanye nemininingwane yelothi.

Uma uxhumana nabahlinzeki beNeoplanta, cela ukuhlaziywa kwakamuva kwe-alpha acid kanye namafutha. Cela ulwazi ngezinsuku zokuvuna kanye nokugcina ukuze ulinganise ubusha. Khetha ukupakishwa okuvalwe nge-vacuum noma okuhlanjululwe nge-nitrogen ukuze ugcine amafutha e-hop emisha ngesikhathi sokuhamba.

• Qinisekisa izitifiketi zelebhu zama-alpha nama-beta acid.
• Qinisekisa izinsuku zokugcina kanye nezinsuku zokupakisha ukuze uhlole ubudala.
• Khetha ukuthunyelwa kwe-cold chain uma kungenzeka kwezokuthutha ezinde.

Uma ukunikezwa okuqondile kulinganiselwe, cabanga ngabangenisi abangochwepheshe kuma-hops aseSlovenia noma ezingxubeni zaseYurophu. Ngokuthola izimpahla ezisekelwe e-US, abathengisi be-hop besifunda bangase bathole amaqoqo amancane ngamanethiwekhi abo.

Kwabapheki bobhiya abacabangela izinketho, qhathanisa izindleko, izikhathi zokulethwa, kanye nezitifiketi zekhwalithi phakathi kwabahlinzeki be-Neoplanta. Uma ukuthengwa okusheshayo kubalulekile, bheka ama-aroma hop afanayo ase-US njengezindawo zesikhashana. Qaphela ukutholakala kwe-Neoplanta kumaqoqo esikhathi esizayo.

Amathiphu okugcina, ukuphatha, kanye nokucubungula

Qinisekisa ukuthi ama-Neoplanta hop ahlala ebanda kusukela ngesikhathi efika. Wagcine esiqandisini ku-0–2°C noma uwaqandise ku-−18°C ukuze wehlise ijubane lokuwohloka kwama-alpha acid namafutha. Kubalulekile ukurekhoda izinsuku zokuvuna kanye nokuhlaziywa komhlinzeki lapho efika. Ngale ndlela, ungazibeka phambili izinhlobo ezintsha kakhulu zobhiya ezigxile ephunga elimnandi.

Sebenzisa izikhwama zokuhlanza umoya-mpilo noma iphakheji ehlanjululwe nge-nitrogen ukuze unciphise ukuvezwa. I-Neoplanta igcina cishe ama-63% ama-alpha acid ayo ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ku-20°C. Ngokugcina izinga lokushisa liphansi nokusebenzisa iphakheji eqinile, ungandisa isikhathi sayo sokusebenza futhi ulondoloze iphunga le-hop ngempumelelo.

• Vula amaphakheji kuphela uma usukulungele ukusetshenziswa.
• Cubungula amakhoni noma ama-pellet aphelele ngokushesha ngemva kokuvula.
• Faka amalebula ezitsheni ngosuku lokuvulwa kanye nokuhlaziywa kokuqala.

Uma udlulisa futhi ucubungula ama-hop, nciphisa ukuchayeka ekushiseni, ekukhanyeni, kanye nomoya-mpilo. Sebenzisa ama-cooler avikela ukushisa ohambweni olufushane ukuze ulondoloze izinga lokushisa. Gwema ukushiya ama-hop ezindaweni zokulayisha ezifudumele noma eduze kwelanga eliqondile ukuze uvimbele ukulahleka okusheshayo kwama-terpenes ngesikhathi sokuphatha.

Lungisa amasu akho okucubungula ukuze ugcine iphunga elimnandi. Khetha izithako ze-kettle noma ze-whirlpool ezifika sekwephuzile kanye nezikhathi ezimfushane zokuthintana ukuze u-dry-hopping. Amathumba amade angasusa amafutha ashintshashintshayo, ngakho-ke sebenzisa izithako zesigaba sokugcina ukuze ulondoloze ukunambitheka nephunga lapho ulondoloza iphunga le-hop. I-Neoplanta ibalulekile.

Cabanga ngezindlela zokushintshanisa ama-pelletizing. Ama-pellet avame ukuba nesikhathi eside sokugcina futhi kulula ukuwasebenzisa. Kodwa-ke, ukuwafaka ama-pellet kungathinta indlela amafutha akhishwa ngayo. Hlola amafomula akho uma ushintsha kusuka ku-whole-cone uye kuma-pellet ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iphunga elihlosiwe kanye nokubaba kuyagcinwa.

• Hlola izindawo ezingenayo: hlola ubuqotho bokupakisha kanye nokuhlaziywa komhlinzeki.
• Gcina kupholile futhi kuvaliwe; shintsha isitokwe ngosuku.
• Sebenzisa ama-freshest recipes ukuze uthole i-dry-hop kanye ne-aromatherapy.
• Bhala phansi izinyathelo zokuphatha ukulandelela noma yiliphi iphunga noma izinguquko ze-alpha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Imikhuba emincane neqhubekayo ibalulekile ekugcineni ikhwalithi. Ukulawulwa kokugcinwa okubandayo, ukuphathwa ngokucophelela ngesikhathi sokudlulisa, kanye nokukhetha okuqondiwe kokucubungula kusiza abenzi bobhiya ukwandisa izinzuzo zamathiphu okugcina e-Neoplanta. Lokhu kuqinisekisa iphunga elihambisanayo kubhiya oqediwe.

Igumbi lokugcina utshwala lwenziwe ngokhuni olunezikhoni ezintsha eziluhlaza ze-hop ebhokisini, amabhodlela engilazi ezinhlobo ze-hop emashalofini, ikettle yokupheka yethusi, kanye nemigqomo yokhuni ngaphansi kwelanga elifudumele. Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezixazululo eziphezulu.

Ukubaluleka kokuzalanisa kanye nendima ekuqoqweni kwe-hop

I-Neoplanta ingumphumela wokuhlanganisa ama-hop aseYurophu atshaliwe nezakhi zofuzo zaseSlovenia zasendle. Umgomo kwakuwukuthuthukisa isivuno nokuthuthukisa imikhuba yokukhula ngenkathi kugcinwa ukunambitheka okufiselekayo nokubabayo. Le nhlanganisela inikeza i-Neoplanta inani elibalulekile ezinhlelweni zokuzala zanamuhla, ezigxile emandleni ahlanganisiwe kanye nokuqina.

Inhlanganisela yezimpawu zeNorthern Brewer kanye neStyrian Golding kanye nezakhi zofuzo zasendle iyaziswa kakhulu. Le nhlanganisela inikeza ibhalansi yama-alpha acid kanye namaphunga ayinkimbinkimbi. Kulabo abafuna ukumelana nezifo kanye nesivuno esiqhubekayo, i-germplasm ye-Neoplanta iyisinqumo esihle kakhulu.

Ngenxa yemizamo yokulondoloza imvelo, ucwaningo kanye nokuzalanisa esikhathini esizayo kungenzeka. I-Neoplanta ibhalwe ohlwini lwezincwadi zomhlaba wonke kanye ne-OSU/USDA World Hop Cultivar Collection. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukulondolozwa kwayo isikhathi eside kanye nokutholakala kwabafuyi.

• Izinhloso zokuzalanisa: isivuno esikhulu, ukufana, kanye nokumelana nezifo okuthuthukisiwe.
• Inani lezakhi zofuzo: inhlanganisela yephunga nezici ezibabayo nokuqina kwasendle.
• Indima yokulondolozwa kwemvelo: indawo yokugcina izinto eziphilayo zokuwela nokutadisha.

Umongo womlando ubalulekile ekwenzeni izinqumo zokuzalanisa. Maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, izinhlelo zaseSlovenia zazihlose ukuthatha indawo yezindawo ezikhiqiza kancane njengeBacka. I-Neoplanta yavela kule mizamo yokuthuthukisa ukutshalwa kwe-hop nokuhlangabezana nezidingo zezentengiselwano.

Ukusebenzisa imigqa egciniwe ndawonye kusekela intuthuko eqhubekayo. Ngokuhlanganisa i-germplasm ehlukahlukene, abafuyi bangakha ama-hops afanelana nezimo zezulu ezahlukahlukene kanye nezitayela zokukhiqiza. Ukugcina i-Neoplanta emaqoqweni ama-hop kuqinisekisa izinketho zezinhlobo zezitshalo zesikhathi esizayo.

Izinto eziwusizo okufanele zicatshangelwe ngabapheki bezinto zobuciko base-US

E-United States, ukutholakala kwe-Neoplanta akunalutho. Kuvame ukutholakala ngabathengisi be-hop abakhethekile kanye nabangenisi, hhayi abahlinzeki abavamile. Abenzi bobhiya kufanele ba-ode kusenesikhathi futhi bahlele izikhathi zokukhokha lapho besebenzisa ama-hop amasha anephunga elimnandi.

Lungisa izindlela zokupheka ngokusekelwe kuma-alpha acid angempela avela ephepheni lokuthenga. Sebenzisa inani le-alpha elilinganisiwe lomhlinzeki ukuze ubale. I-Neoplanta isebenza kahle kuma-ales aseYurophu kanye nobhiya be-amber njenge-hop ebabayo noma enezinhloso ezimbili. Ukuze uthole i-lift encane yezimbali, nciphisa ukungezwa okufike sekwephuzile kancane.

Indawo yokugcina efanele ibalulekile. Gcina i-Neoplanta ezindaweni ezibandayo, ezivalwe nge-vacuum ukuze unciphise ukulahleka kwe-alpha futhi ulondoloze amafutha abalulekile. Ngokugcina kahle okulingene—cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu ze-alpha ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ekamelweni lokushisa—sebenzisa izindawo ezintsha kakhulu ukuze ungeze i-dry-hop noma i-dry-hop.

Ukuze uzame i-Neoplanta, qala ngamaqoqo amancane ngaphambi kokukhulisa. Ukwehluka kwe-batch kuya kwe-batch kungabonisa i-terroir kanye nonyaka wokuvuna. Ukuhlola kuyisihluthulelo sokulungisa ukunambitheka nokubaba lapho ukhulisa izindlela zokupheka.

• Indlela yokushintsha: cabanga ngama-hops afana ne-Northern Brewer noma i-Styrian Golding ukuze uthole amanothi afanayo e-herbal kanye ne-groundy.
• Isimiso sokugxumagxuma: khetha izithako ezilinganisiwe zokusetshenziswa kwezinhloso ezimbili; beka ingxenye ye-flameout noma i-dry hop ukuze uthole iphunga elimnandi.
• Ukuhlolwa kwabahlinzeki: cela izitifiketi zokuhlaziya kanye namasampula amancane okuhlola ukuphahlazeka ukuqinisekisa iphrofayili yephunga ngaphambi kokwenza ama-oda amakhulu.

Abapheki bebhiya abahlose ukunikeza iminikelo yesizini efanayo kufanele bahlele uhlu lwezinto ezithengiswayo ezihambisana nemijikelezo yokuthunyelwa. I-Neoplanta ingathuthukisa uhlu lomkhiqizo uma isetshenziswa ngamabomu futhi igcinwe kahle. Bhala phansi izivivinyo zokwenziwa kwebhiya ze-Neoplanta ukuqinisekisa ukulungiswa kwefomula okuphindaphindwayo nokubikezelwayo.

Uma wethula okokufaka okusha kwe-hop, yazisa abasebenzi be-taproom kanye namaphaneli okunambitha. Sula amanothi okunambitha asekelwe ekwelulekweni kokwenza i-Neoplanta ukuhlolwa kokwamukelwa kwesivinini futhi usize ekugcineni ikhwalithi kuwo wonke amaqoqo.

Isiphetho

Isiphetho se-Neoplanta: Le hop yaseSlovenia, enezimpande ku-Northern Brewer kanye ne-Styrian Golding, iyigugu elisetshenziswa kabili. Ine-alpha acid ephakathi kuya kwephezulu (7.4–12%) kanye nephrofayili kawoyela ye-myrcene-forward. Iphrofayili iseduze ne-49% ye-myrcene, i-humulene engu-20%, kanye ne-caryophyllene engu-8.9%. Ukuvuthwa kwayo kwesizini yokugcina kanye nobuntu bayo obunokulinganisela obubabayo kuya ephunga kwenza kube kuhle kakhulu ezindleleni zase-Central Europe kanye nezindlela zokupheka ezihlanganisiwe.

Isifinyezo se-Neoplanta: Kwabenzi bobhiya abahlose ukuthola amanothi e-herbal, resin, kanye nezimbali, i-Neoplanta iyisinqumo esihle kakhulu. Ihamba phambili nge-kettle, i-whirlpool, kanye ne-dry-hop. Ukuguquguquka kwayo kuyivumela ukuthi idlale indima yokubabayo kanye nephunga elimnandi. Lungisa isikhathi se-hop ngokusekelwe kudatha ye-alpha kanye namafutha avela ku-lot oyithengayo.

Ukusebenzisa ama-Neoplanta hop kudinga ukunakwa ekugcinweni nasekuvuthweni. Gcina ama-pellets ebanda futhi avaliwe nge-vacuum. Linganisa kabusha amashejuli okuxhuma ukuze ahambisane nokuhlaziywa kwe-alpha kanye namafutha abalulekile. Njengempahla eyigugu, i-Neoplanta ibalulekile ekuqoqweni kwe-germplasm kanye nezinhlelo zokuzalanisa. Iphinde isebenziseke kubapheki bezinto zobuciko abafuna uhlobo lwe-hop lwangempela lwe-Central Europe olunezinjongo ezimbili.

Ukufunda Okuqhubekayo

Uma ukujabulele lokhu okuthunyelwe, ungaphinda uthande lezi ziphakamiso:

• Ama-Hops ku-Beer Brewing: uBianca
• Ama-Hops ku-Beer Brewing: i-Lubelska
• Amahops eBeer Brewing: Southern Brewer