Ama-Hops ku-Beer Brewing: i-Vojvodina

Ama-hop bines amade akhuphuka ama-trellises emigqeni ecocekile ekushoneni kwelanga anesakhiwo sokhuni sasemaphandleni namagquma akude. Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Ngokwezakhi zofuzo, iVojvodina iyinhlanganisela phakathi kweNorthern Brewer kanye neduna elivela kuGolding noma elingaziwa. Ihlanganyela uhlu lozalo neDunav kanye neNeoplanta, okuchaza izici zayo zokunambitheka ezifanayo. Naphezu kokusebenza kwayo, ama-hop eVojvodina ayivelakancane ngenxa yokulima okulinganiselwe kwezentengiselwano.

Lesi sihloko sihlola imvelaphi, iphunga, kanye nephrofayili yokunambitheka kweVojvodina. Siphinde sihlole ukwakheka kwayo kwamakhemikhali, izilinganiso zokukhiqiza ubhiya, kanye nezici zezolimo. Sizoxoxa ngokusetshenziswa kwayo okusebenzayo, izibonelo zezindlela zokupheka, izinto ezingasetshenziswa esikhundleni sazo, indawo yokugcina, kanye nokutholakala kwayo. Sihlose ukuqondisa abenzi bobhiya abanesifiso sokuthola ama-aroma hop esifunda noma omlando, sigqamise indima yeVojvodina ekwenzeni ubhiya besimanje.

Okuthathwayo Okubalulekile

• I-Vojvodina iyi-hop egxile ephunga elimnandi eyakhiwe e-Bački Petrovac ngasekupheleni kwawo-1960.
• Kuyingxenye yohlelo lokuzalanisa ama-hop aseYugoslavia futhi kuyingane kaDunav noNeoplanta.
• Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kungokwephunga elimnandi, elinomunyu omncane.
• Indawo yokuhweba ilinganiselwe, okwenza kube yinto engavamile ekukhiqizweni okukhulu.
• Lesi sihloko sizochaza kabanzi ngamakhemikhali, ukusetshenziswa kokwenza ubhiya, izindlela zokupheka, kanye nokutholakala kwabenzi bobhiya.

Ukubuka konke kwama-hop e-Vojvodina

Ama-hop e-Vojvodina avela ezinhlotsheni zama-hop aseYugoslavia ezakhiwa ngasekupheleni kwawo-1960. Lawa adalwe eziteshini zocwaningo eduze kwaseBački Petrovac. Ukuzalanisa kwakuhilela ukuxubha iNorthern Brewer nendoda ezelwe yiGolding noma engaziwa. Le ndoda yayinemvelaphi yama-hop asendle aseStyrian Golding noma aseYugoslavia.

Umgomo kwakuwukuthatha indawo ye-Backa hop yendabuko. Naphezu kwezilingo, ushintsho olukhulu kwezentengiselwano aluzange lwenzeke. Lokhu kwashiya iVojvodina inendawo encane yokulima kanye nokutholakala kwendawo ethile.

Ama-hop e-Vojvodina ahlukaniswa njenge-aromahop. Anezimpawu ezinhle ze-hop kodwa anikeza amandla okubaba kancane. Abapheki bawasebenzisa kakhulu ekungezeni kamuva kanye nokugxuma okuomile. Lokhu kuthuthukisa amanothi ezimbali namakhambi kubhiya.

Ngokwemvelo, iVojvodina iphakathi kwezinhlobo zezitshalo ezifana neDunav neNeoplanta. Lezi zitshalo zivame ukubonisa umbala obomvu esiqwini esiyinhloko. Ziphinde zibe nezakhiwo ezifanayo zekhoni.

• Intuthuko: Iziteshi zocwaningo zaseYugoslavia, ngasekupheleni kwawo-1960
• Ubuzali: I-Northern Brewer × Indoda ethathwe ku-Golding/engaziwa enemvelaphi yase-Styrian
• Indima: I-Aroma hop enokusetshenziswa okubabayo okuncane
• Ukutholakala: Kunqunyelwe, kuthengiswa ngabaphakeli abakhethiwe

Ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zokupheka kusalokhu kuncane. Abathandi bokuzilibazisa kanye nabenzi bokwenza ubhiya besifunda bakufaka ohlwini lwebhiya elincane. Ukubuka konke kweVojvodina kusiza ukuchaza ukungavamile kwayo ngaphandle kwesifunda sayo sendabuko.

Njengoba zihlobene nendawo eyayiyiYugoslavia yangaphambilini futhi manje sekuyisifundazwe saseVojvodina eSerbia, lawa ma-hop amelela ifa lokukhiqiza utshwala lesifunda. Ukutshala okuncane kuwenza atholakale kubapheki bebhiya abafuna iphunga eliyingqayizivele lendawo.

Iphunga kanye nephrofayili yokunambitheka kweVojvodina

I-Vojvodina inephunga eliyingqayizivele le-hop elinokhuni, elikhumbuza phansi kwehlathi kanye ne-oki yekhabhinethi. Amanothi okunambitha aveza ama-cedar nama-tobacco hop, okwenza kube nokunambitheka okomile, okunemifino. Lokhu kuhlukile ku-citrus ekhanyayo noma izithelo zasezindaweni ezishisayo ezivame ukutholakala kwamanye ama-hop.

Izici ezinhle ze-hop zivusa iNorthern Brewer kodwa ngamandla amakhulu. Iphunga layo liyindilinga futhi lilinganisiwe, linikeza ukujula kwezwe lakudala. Lokhu kuhlukile kumathoni abukhali, esimanje ephayini noma e-grapefruit atholakala kwamanye ama-hop.

Abapheki bewayini bavame ukufaka iphunga le-Vojvodina ngasekupheleni kokubilisa noma njengokwengeza kokuqeda. Le ndlela igcina ama-cedar nama-tobacco hop athambile. Ithuthukisa ukwakheka kokhuni futhi isekela izingqimba zamakhambi ezivinjelwe kuma-lager, ama-amber ale, kanye nobhiya bendabuko besitayela sesiNgisi.

Uma kuhlanganiswa nezisekelo ze-malty noma izithelo ezincane, izici ze-noble hop ze-Vojvodina zisebenza njengesinongo. Zengeza ubunzima ngaphandle kokubusa uketshezi lwe-malt. Lokhu kwenza uhlobo lufaneleke kakhulu ekufezeni iphunga elihle nelidala esikhundleni sephrofayili enesibindi neyesimanje.

• Iphunga eliyinhloko: iphunga le-hop elinokhuni elino-cedar kanye ne-tobacco hops.
• Inothi lokuqhathanisa: liyindilinga futhi linamandla kakhulu kuneNorthern Brewer.
• Ukusetshenziswa okuhle kakhulu: i-aroma hop yobhiya edinga izici ezinhle ze-hop kanye nokujula kwezwe lakudala.

Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kanye nezilinganiso ezihambisana nokukhiqiza utshwala

Iphrofayili ye-alpha acid yeVojvodina incane, ilungele ukwenziwa kwebhiya okugxile ephunga elimnandi. Ububanzi be-alpha acid yeVojvodina kubikwa ukuthi buphakathi kuka-6.0%–10.5%. Imithombo eminingi ikhombisa inani elijwayelekile elingu-8.0%. Lokhu kulinganisela kunikeza ukubaba okulula ngenkathi kugcinwa i-aromatic essence yayo.

Amazinga e-beta acid kaVojvodina aphansi, ngokuvamile aphakathi kuka-2.3% no-4.9%. Lolu hlu lusiza ukubikezela ukuthi uhlamvu lwe-hop luzoshintsha kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kufaka phakathi noma yikuphi ukufiphala.

• I-Co-humulone icishe ibe ngu-30%, isabelo esimaphakathi esisiza ukuchaza iphrofayili ehlanzekile yokubaba ngaphandle kobukhali.
• Okuqukethwe uwoyela okuphelele kusuka ku-0.6 kuya ku-1.4 mL ngamagremu ayi-100, okusekela iphunga elizwakalayo uma kusetshenziswa sekwephuzile ekubileni noma ezithasiselweni ze-dry hop.

Ukwakheka kwamafutha eVojvodina kuyisihluthulelo sokukhanga kwayo kwezinzwa. IMyrcene ibusa ukwakheka kwamafutha e-hop cishe ku-67%. IHumulene inikela cishe ku-13%, i-caryophyllene cishe ku-5%, kanye ne-farnesene cishe ku-0.6% kuya ngaphansi kwe-1%.

Lezi zilinganiso zithanda amanothi akhanyayo, aluhlaza okotshani, kanye nezimbali ezivela ku-myrcene. I-Humulene kanye ne-caryophyllene zengeza izinongo ezincane kanye nokujula.

• Ukukwazi Ukugcina: I-Vojvodina igcina cishe ama-76% ama-alpha acid ayo ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ku-20°C (68°F), okubonisa ukuqina okulingene kokugcinwa.
• Indima yokwenza ubhiya: Ihlukaniswe kakhulu njenge-aromahop enomunyu omncane ngenxa yobubanzi bayo be-alpha acid.

Ukuqonda amazinga e-alpha ne-beta acid e-Vojvodina, kanye nokwakheka kwawo uwoyela we-hop kanye ne-co-humulone, kusiza abenzi bobhiya. Kubasiza ukuhlela amashejuli e-hop kanye nokugcina ukuze balondoloze izici ezinhle kakhulu zezinhlobo.

I-glass beaker yamafutha e-golden hop eceleni kwama-hop cones anemininingwane endaweni efudumele, emnyama yelabhorethri. Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Ukusetshenziswa okuvamile ekwenzeni ubhiya kanye nesilinganiso esinconywayo

Ama-hop e-Vojvodina ayaziswa ngephunga lawo, kanti abenzi bokwenza ubhiya bawafaka sekwephuzile ukuthuthukisa ukunambitheka kwezinkuni nogwayi. Avame ukusetshenziswa njenge-aroma hop eyinhloko noma ahlanganiswe nezinye ukuze kufezwe iphrofayili enhle.

Ukuze kube nokubaba okuncane, i-Vojvodina ingafakwa ekuqaleni kokubilisa. Ama-alpha acid ayo, asukela ku-6-10%, anikeza ukubaba okuthambile ngaphandle kokwenza iphunga libe namandla kakhulu.

• Iphunga le-kettle/whirlpool eliphuzile: 0.5–2.0 oz ngama-5 gal, kuye ngokuthi ufuna ukuqina kangakanani.
• Izengezo ze-Dry-hop: amazinga afanayo noma aphezulu kancane kune-whirlpool ukuze kube nohlamvu oluqinile lwezinkuni nogwayi.
• Iketile lokuqala ukuze kube nokubilisa okuncane: sebenzisa amanani aphansi bese ulungisa ama-alpha acid ku-lot.

Izindlela zokupheka zivame ukufaka i-Vojvodina cishe engu-48% wokuqukethwe kwe-hop, kusukela ku-14% kuya ku-100%. Lokhu kugqamisa indima yayo njenge-aromahop eyinhloko, hhayi nje into ebabayo.

Uma uhlela amaphesenti e-hop, phatha i-Vojvodina njengezinye izinhlobo ze-aromahop. Yisebenzise sekwephuzile ukuze ulondoloze izithako zayo eziguquguqukayo. Yihlanganise ne-Hallertauer noma i-Saaz ukuze ulinganisele ukunambitheka futhi uthuthukise imisindo emihle.

Lungisa umthamo we-Vojvodina ngokusekelwe kusayizi we-batch kanye nephrofayili yokunambitheka oyifunayo. Qala ngenani elincane ukuze uthole isizinda esincane bese ukhuphula ufike ku-2.0 oz ngama-5 gal noma ngaphezulu ukuze uthole ukunambitheka okuqinile kokhuni noma ugwayi.

Izitayela zobhiya ezinhle kakhulu zeVojvodina

I-Vojvodina ikhanya ngezitayela ze-malt-forward, lapho iveza khona amanothi ezinkuni, e-cedar, kanye ne-tobacco. Ilungele ama-ales afana ne-English Bitter kanye ne-Brown Ale. Lokhu kunezela ubuhle bezwe lakudala ngaphandle kokunqoba i-malt.

Ama-hop ebhiya ajwayelekile aseYurophu afana kahle noMärzen noBock. Kula ma-lager, iVojvodina yethula iphunga elimnandi le-hop. Lokhu kusekela ama-malt athosiwe kanye nobumnandi be-caramel.

I-Porter kanye nezinye izinhlobo ze-dark ales ziyazuza enanini elincane le-Vojvodina. Imibala yayo enoju, yakudala yengeza ubunzima ekunambithekeni okuthosiwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, igcina ukubaba kungabonakali.

• Ama-ales esiNgisi kanye nama-Continental — akhipha umhlaba kanye nomsedari.
• I-Märzen, i-Dunkel, ne-Bock - iqinisa isiko lamabhiya e-hop ahloniphekile.
• I-Brown Ale ne-Porter — izinongo ezincane kanye namanothi kagwayi asebenza kahle.

Abapheki bezinto zobuciko bangasebenzisa i-Vojvodina ngamanani amancane kuma-saisons nama-ales asepulazini. Ukwengezwa okulula kunikeza isizinda samakhambi. Lokhu kuhambisana nama-phenolics aqhutshwa yimvubelo.

Gwema ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-IPA esimanje e-hop-forward. Lawa athanda amaphrofayili e-citrus, i-pine, noma ama-tropical. Ukuhlanganisa i-Vojvodina nalawa ma-hop kunganezela ukujula. Kodwa-ke, ukuyisebenzisa yodwa kuma-IPA akuvamile ukukhombisa amandla ayo.

Izibonelo zeresiphi kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zangempela

Abapheki bebhiya bavame ukufuna izindlela zokupheka zeVojvodina ngenxa yephunga lazo eliyingqayizivele elinokhuni, imisedari, kanye nelithambile likagwayi. Kungcono ukusebenzisa iVojvodina njenge-aromahop ye-late-kettle noma njenge-dry-hopping ukuze kugcinwe amafutha ayo athambile. Izizindalwazi zokupheka zivame ukugqamisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo njenge-aromahop, hhayi ukuze kube mnandi.

Nazi ezinye zezindawo zokuqala zokufaka i-Vojvodina ezindleleni zakho zokupheka ubhiya:

• I-Brown ale: Engeza u-40–50% wesisindo sakho sonke se-hop njenge-Vojvodina ngemizuzu eyishumi bese uphinda futhi njenge-dry-hop yezinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezintathu ukuze ugcizelele amanothi e-cedar.
• Umphathi: Sebenzisa i-Vojvodina sekwephuzile bese uyixuba ne-East Kent Goldings noma i-Northern Brewer ukuze uthole ibhalansi kanye nephrofayili yezinongo eziyindilinga.
• Okubabayo kwesitayela sesiNgisi: Bhukha okungeziwe okuncane okusemuva kanye ne-dry-hop emfushane ukuze uhlanganise imibala ethambile yamakhambi ngaphandle kokwenza i-malt ibe namandla kakhulu.

Imisebenzi yeresiphi ivame ukunikeza i-Vojvodina njenge-aroma hop eyinhloko noma ukuyixuba ne-Northern Brewer noma ezinye izinto ezithatha indawo ye-Goldings. Emafomuleni amaningi, i-Vojvodina yenza cishe ingxenye ye-hop bill. Linganisa inani ngokuya ngama-IBU akho okuqondiwe kanye nokuqina kwephunga olifunayo.

Uma ulungiselela ubhiya bokuhlola, umthombo weVojvodina ubalulekile. Abapheki bebhiya baseNyakatho Melika bangawuthola ngabaphakeli abakhethekile njengeYakima Chief noma iNorthwest Hop Farms eCanada. Abangenisi baphinde bagcine izinhlobo zaseMpumalanga Yurophu. Hlola njalo amanani e-alpha kanye nezinsuku zokugcina ukuqinisekisa ukuvumelana kwezindlela zakho zokupheka ubhiya.

Kuma-batch okuhlola, gcina izengezo zakho ze-hop zilula futhi ubhale phansi i-variable ngayinye. Qala ngezivivinyo ze-single-hop, bese uhlanganisa i-Vojvodina ne-Northern Brewer noma i-Goldings ukuze uhlole izendlalelo ezihambisanayo. Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuthi ubone ukuthi i-Vojvodina isebenza kanjani ngezitayela ezahlukene futhi uthuthukise inani lama-batch amakhulu.

Itafula lokhuni eliyisitayela sakudala elinesitshulu seVojvodina, isinkwa, inyama eyomisiwe, ushizi, kanye nezivini ekukhanyeni kwelanga okufudumele. Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Izithasiselo kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-hop okuhambisanayo

Kwabenzi bobhiya abafuna izinto zokufaka esikhundleni seVojvodina, ama-Northern Brewer nama-hops ohlobo lweGoldings ayizinketho ezinhle kakhulu. I-Northern Brewer inikeza umgogodla oqinile, one-resin. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-East Kent Golding noma ezinye izinto zokufaka esikhundleni seGoldings zinikeza umehluko othambile nowezimbali.

Sebenzisa i-Vojvodina njenge-anchor yephunga bese uyihlanganisa ne-alpha bittering hop ephansi kuya kwephakathi ukuze uthole i-kettle bitterness. I-Northern Brewer esikhundleni sayo inganikeza i-bitter ehlanzekile ngenkathi ilawula amanothi e-woody. Ukuhlanganisa ne-East Kent Golding kulungisa imiphetho ebukhali futhi kuthuthukisa uhlamvu lwesiNgisi lwakudala.

• Umqondo ohlanganisiwe 1: I-Vojvodina kanye ne-Northern Brewer esikhundleni sephrofayili enhle, ene-resin.
• Umqondo wokuhlanganisa 2: I-Vojvodina ne-East Kent Golding ukugqamisa ibhalansi yezimbali namakhambi.
• Umqondo wokuhlanganisa 3: I-Vojvodina isetshenziswa nezinhlobo ze-hop ezivinjelwe lapho kwenziwa ubhiya ne-malt emnyama ukuze kuphume ugwayi kanye ne-cedar tones.

Gcina ama-aroma hop engaphansi kwesisindo ukuze ugweme ukufihla isimo se-Vojvodina esinjengesokhuni. Uma usebenzisa ama-hop pairings e-Vojvodina, hlose ukwengeza okuncane ngasekupheleni kokubilisa noma ku-whirlpool ukuze ulondoloze ubumnandi. Ukugxuma okumile kungaba lula, kugxile ephunga elimnandi ngaphandle kokucindezela amanothi ayisisekelo.

Ukuze uthole ukushintshana kwamaresiphi, qhathanisa ama-alpha acid uma ukhetha indawo ye-Northern Brewer noma indawo ye-Goldings. Khulisa noma wehlise amazinga okushintsha kancane ukuze ugcine ibhalansi. Sebenzisa amaqoqo amancane okuhlola ukuhlola ukuxubana kokugcina ngaphambi kokwandisa umkhiqizo.

Izici zokukhula, isivuno, kanye nezolimo

I-Vojvodina ikhula ngamandla, ifinyelela ekuvuthweni kwesizini sekwephuzile. Iziqu zayo eziyinhloko zivame ukuba nombala obomvu, ofana nowe-Dunav. Izingalo eziseceleni zinde, ngokuvamile ziphakathi kwamasentimitha angu-20 no-36, okudinga izinhlelo eziqinile zokusekela ukuze kutshalwe ama-hop e-Vojvodina.

Izibalo zesivuno seVojvodina ziyahlukahluka ezifundweni ezahlukene. Umbiko owodwa ukhombisa cishe amakhilogremu angu-1,720 ngehektha, okucishe kube yisilinganiso se-USDA samakhilogremu angu-1,540 ngehektha. Lezi zinombolo zibalulekile kubalimi ukuhlela isivuno sabo nokuhlola ezomnotho wezitshalo.

Izici zokumelana kweVojvodina ziyenza ikhange ezindaweni ezithile. Iyaziwa ngokumelana nokubola okuphansi futhi ikhombisa ukubekezelela okusolwayo i-verticillium wilt, yize ukuhlukaniswa kwayo okusemthethweni kwe-verticillium kusacacile. Amaqabunga ayo aluhlaza okotshani kanye namaqabunga aminyene kunegalelo ekuqineni kwayo ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukahlukene.

• Ukuphathwa kwe-canopy: qeqesha izingalo ezinde eziseceleni ukuze unciphise umthunzi futhi uthuthukise ukuhamba komoya.
• Izinambuzane nezifo: qapha njalo naphezu kokumelana nokubola; hlanganisa ukuhlola kanye nokulawula amasiko.
• Inhlabathi namanzi: gcina inhlabathi ekhipha amanzi kahle kanye nomswakama ozinzile ukuze kutholakale isivuno esiqhubekayo seVojvodina.

Indawo yokuhweba yalolu hlobo isalokhu ilinganiselwe. Ngemva kokuzaliswa kwasekuqaleni endaweni eyayiyiYugoslavia, ukulima ama-hop amakhulu ngezinhlobo zezitshalo zesikhathi saseYugoslavia bekuyivelakancane ezikhathini zanamuhla. Abalimi abanesifiso sokutshala ama-hop amancane bangase bathole ukutshala okuncane kanye nezindawo zokuhlola ziwusizo ngaphambi kokuzibophezela ekutshaleni indawo enkulu.

Kulabo abacabangela ukutshala i-hop eVojvodina, lindela isidingo sabasebenzi kanye nemishini yasekupheleni kwesizini. Ukuqondanisa ukwakheka kwe-trellis, ukuhlola izifo, kanye nemigomo yesivuno kubalulekile ekukhuliseni imbuyiselo evela kulolu hlobo lwezitshalo oluvela endaweni ethile ngokomlando.

Izinto okufanele uzicabangele mayelana nokuvuna, ukucubungula, kanye nokugcina

I-Vojvodina hops ivuthwa ngasekupheleni kwesizini, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuvuna isikhathi sokulungiselela ama-cone. Hlola umbala we-lupulin kanye nomuzwa; i-lupulin eqinile, enamathela kancane ikhombisa iphunga eliphakeme. Ukuvuna kusenesikhathi kunganciphisa ukuvezwa kwamafutha kanye nokubaba okuphansi.

Ukomisa kubalulekile ekucubungulweni kwe-hop eVojvodina. Hlosa ukomisa okuthambile, okulinganayo ukuze kulondolozwe iphrofayili yamafutha ezinhlobo eziphansi kuya kweziphakathi. Gwema ukushisa okuphezulu okusheshayo ukuze uvimbele ukulahleka kwephunga elimnandi.

Ngemva kokomisa, nciphisa ukuvezwa komoya-mpilo. Sebenzisa ukupakishwa okuvalwe nge-vacuum noma okuhlanjululwe nge-nitrogen bese ugcina ngokushesha ezimweni ezibandayo. Lezi zinyathelo zivikela ukugcinwa kwe-Vojvodina alpha kanye nephunga izinyanga.

• Indawo yokugcina epholile emazingeni okushisa esiqandisini noma ngaphansi kwayo inciphisa ukulahleka kwe-alpha acid.
• Ukupakishwa kwe-vacuum noma igesi engasebenzi kunciphisa ukushiswa kwamafutha nama-asidi.
• Nciphisa umonakalo womshini ngesikhathi sokubhaka nokuthutha ukuze uvimbele ukuwohloka kokunambitheka.

Ukugcina ama-hop e-Vojvodina ekushiseni okuvamile kwegumbi kukhombisa ukuqina okumaphakathi. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi cishe ama-alpha agcinwa angu-76% ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ku-20°C (68°F). Lokhu kuncintisana nama-aromahop amaningi kodwa akunamandla njengezinhlobo zesimanje.

Abacubunguli bezentengiselwano bagxila ekhwalithini, besebenzisa ukulawula umswakama okuqinile, ukupholisa okusheshayo, kanye namarekhodi eqoqo alandelekayo. Le mikhuba iqinisekisa ukucubungula okuqhubekayo kanye nokusebenza kahle kokwenza ubhiya okubikezelwayo.

Ukumelana ne-downy mildew ensimini kwenza kube lula ukuvuna. Noma kunjalo, hlala uqaphile ngezinambuzane nezinkinga ezithwalwa yinhlabathi njenge-verticillium wilt. Ukuhlolwa njalo kanye nokuphathwa kwendle kunciphisa ukulahlekelwa ngemva kokuvuna futhi kuvikele ama-alpha acid kanye namafutha abalulekile.

Kwabenzi bobhiya, ukuthenga ama-hops abandayo emaphaketheni avaliwe kukhulisa ukugcinwa kwe-Vojvodina alpha. Uma egcinwe kahle, lawa ma-hops anezela amanothi amahle futhi anokhuni kubhiya.

Ingaphakathi lendawo yokugcina ama-hop afudumele, akhanyiswe nge-amber egcwele amabhokisi ezinkuni ama-hop aluhlaza amasha abhekene namagquma aseSerbia agudlayo. Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Ukutholakala kanye nokuthi ungathenga kuphi ama-hop e-Vojvodina

Ama-hop aseVojvodina ayivelakancane emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yokutshala okulinganiselwe eSerbia nasezindaweni eziseduze. Ukuvuna okuncane kuphoqa abapheki bobhiya ukuthi bahlele kusenesikhathi, ngokuvamile izinyanga kusenesikhathi, ukuze bathole la ma-hop ngamaqoqo abo.

Iningi lezindawo zokuhweba liphathwa ngabalimi abakhethekile kanye nabangenisi. I-Northwest Hop Farms eCanada iphawulwa ngabathengi bemboni njengomhlinzeki wezindawo ezilinganiselwe zokuthengisa. Abathengisi be-hop abasebenza ngobuciko abangochwepheshe bezinhlobo zaseMpumalanga Yurophu bangase babhale amaphasela amancane uma etholakala.

Ukuxhumana ngqo nabakhiqizi besifunda ngokuvamile kuyindlela esheshayo yokuthola ama-hop e-Vojvodina. Xhumana namapulazi e-hop, ama-cooperative endawo, noma abathengisi be-hop abangenisa izinhlobo zezitshalo zasendulo ukuze ubuze ngokutholakala okuzayo. Lindela amafasitela esizini kanye nenani elincane lama-oda.

Abapheki bobhiya base-US kufanele babambisane nabasabalalisi abaziwayo noma abathengisi be-hop ukuze bathole inani elincane. Abasabalalisi abaningi bangathola ama-bales angawodwa noma amasampula agcwele i-vacuum ngamanethiwekhi abo okungenisa uma becela.

• Sesha abathengisi be-hop abakhethekile kanye nabathengisi be-boutique hop eVojvodina ukuthola izindawo ezilinganiselwe.
• Cela abasabalalisi ukuthi babike ukufika kwabantu abavela eMpumalanga Yurophu futhi bazise ukuthi isivuno esisha sifika nini.
• Cabanga ngama-oda ahlukene nabanye abenzi bobhiya ukuze uhlangabezane nenani eliphansi futhi wehlise izindleko nge-ounce.

Uma ungakwazi ukuthola isitoko, cabanga ngokushintshana njengeNorthern Brewer noma i-East Kent Goldings ngenkathi ulinde ukuthunyelwa kweVojvodina. Lezi zinketho zinikeza amanothi afanayo anjengomhlaba nanjengezinhle kumaqoqo okuhlola.

Gcina amarekhodi ezikhathi zokulethwa ezivela kubahlinzeki beVojvodina bese ubhala phansi iphunga nokuguquguquka kwe-alpha phakathi kwezinhlobo eziningi. Lo mkhuba usiza ekuphatheni isitokwe futhi uqinisekisa izindlela zokupheka ezihambisanayo lapho kufika ama-hops alinganiselwe.

Amasu okwenza ubhiya ukuze kugqanyiswe izimfanelo zeVojvodina

Ukuze uveze amanothi kaVojvodina amahle, aqinile, aqinile, aqinile kanye nogwayi, gxila ekufakweni kwe-kettle kamuva. Ama-hops e-late-kettle kanye ne-whirlpool ayisihluthulelo sephunga elingenabo ubumuncu obukhulu. Isikhathi sokufakwa kwe-hop sibalulekile ukuze kulondolozwe amafutha athambile aguquguqukayo achaza ubuntu bukaVojvodina.

Ukuze uthole ukhuni oluqinile kanye nokuba khona kukagwayi, sebenzisa i-dry hopping ne-Vojvodina. I-dry-hop eyodwa emazingeni okushisa aphakathi nendawo kungathuthukisa iphunga. Ukuhlukanisa izithasiselo ze-dry-hop kungakha iphunga ngenkathi kunciphisa ukunambitheka kwemifino noma kotshani.

Qinisekisa ukuthi ibhili lokusanhlamvu lidluliselwa phambili ukuze lihambisane nephrofayili ye-hop. Ama-malt e-Rich Munich, eVienna, noma e-Maris Otter afanele lokhu. Gwema ukusebenzisa ama-hop e-citrus noma e-pine-forward, njengoba angangqubuzana nama-cedar anobuthi e-Vojvodina.

Sebenzisa amasu okugxuma okushisa okuphansi ohlangothini olubandayo. Ukuthintana isikhathi eside emazingeni okushisa apholile kulondoloza uwoyela omuhle. Ukudonsa okushisa okubandayo kanye nezikhathi zokuthintana okuthambile kuphumela ephunga elihlanzekile nelicwengekile ngesikhathi sokudlulisa nokulungisa.

• I-kettle/whirlpool: beka phambili iphunga elimnandi kune-buttering imizuzu eyi-10-30 yokuphumula kwe-whirlpool.
• Ukwengezwa okukodwa kwezinsuku ezingu-3-7 noma isimiso esihlukaniswe kabili sezinsuku ukuze uthole ukujula.
• Ukuthintana nohlangothi olubandayo: Ukupholisa i-cellar ngo-45–55°F ukuze kugcinwe amakhemikhali aguquguqukayo.

Uma uxuba, hlanganisa iVojvodina neNorthern Brewer noma i-East Kent Goldings ukuze uqedele ubukhali bese wengeza amanothi adumile. Lokhu kulinganisela kuvimbela unqenqema oluqinile ukuthi lungawugqibi ubhiya.

Lungisa isikhathi sakho sokwengeza i-hop ngokusekelwe emigomweni yeresiphi yakho. Kuma-aromatic lagers nama-ales esitayela sesiNgisi, gxila ekungezeni okuphuzile kanye nokwengezwa ngemva kokubilisa. Ukuze uthole okubabayo okulinganiselayo lapho kudingeka khona ukubaba, sebenzisa i-kettle charge evinjelwe kusenesikhathi bese uqeda sekwephuzile.

Ukuxazulula izinkinga kanye nezingibe ezivamile zokuphuza utshwala

Abapheki bebhiya abasebenza neVojvodina kumele baqaphele izinkinga ezivamile zokwenziwa kwebhiya. Lokhu kungaphazamisa ibhalansi kabhiya. Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile ekufakweni kwe-kettle sekwephuzile noma ukugxuma kakhulu ebhodweni kuvame ukuveza amanothi e-cedar kanye nogwayi.

Kubalulekile ukugcina imithamo ye-hop ilawulwa uma kuqhathaniswa nenani eliphelele le-hop. Ukwengezwa okukhulu kwe-hop okufike sekwephuzile kungakhulisa uhlamvu lwe-phenolic noma lwe-woody. Ukwengezwa kwe-split charging dry-hop kungangeza iphunga ngaphandle kokucindezela isisekelo se-malt.

Izinkinga zokugcina nazo zibangela izinselele. Ama-hop asebekhulile noma agcinwe kabi alahlekelwa uwoyela oguquguqukayo, okuholela kuma-aromatics angashintshi. Ngisho nama-alpha acid ahlala eqinile. Qinisekisa njalo izinsuku zokuvuna kanye nokupakisha bese uthenga emithonjeni ethembekile njengeYakima Fresh noma i-BSG uma kungenzeka.

Ama-flavour angenaphunga e-Vojvodina angafaka amanothi ayisicaba, amakhadibhodi, noma amadala avela ku-oxidation. Amathoni amaningi emifino noma afana ne-cedar angavela ekuthintaneni okuphezulu kwe-dry-hop. Amakhaza ayawa futhi anciphise ukuvezwa komoya-mpilo ngesikhathi sokudluliselwa ukuze kuncishiswe lezi zinkinga.

Ukuhambisana kungenye inkinga evamile. Ukuhlanganisa i-Vojvodina nezinhlobo zesimanje eziqinile njenge-Citra noma i-Mosaic kungase kufihle izici zayo ezithambile nezimibalabala. Sebenzisa ama-hops ahambisanayo njenge-Saaz noma i-Hallertau ukuze ulondoloze ukunambitheka okuhlukile futhi uvimbele ukungqubuzana kokunambitheka.

• Ukuze unciphise umthelela wokhuni, nciphisa isikhathi sokuphuza i-dry-hop noma wehlise umthamo ngo-20-40%.
• Ukuze uthuthukise iphunga elisha, khulisa ukwengeza i-kettle sekwephuzile noma sebenzisa uhlelo lwe-split-charge dry-hop.
• Lawula umoya-mpilo ngokuhlanza imithambo yegazi nokusebenzisa ukudluliselwa okuvaliwe.

Ukuphatha amanothi e-hop enziwe ngokhuni kudinga ukulungiswa okuncane, hhayi izinguquko ezinkulu zeresiphi. Nambitha ngesikhathi sokulungisa futhi ulungele ukushintsha isikhathi noma ubuningi. Ukuthintana okufushane kuvame ukuthambisa i-cedar ngenkathi kulondolozwa ubuntu be-varietal.

Uma kuvela ukunambitheka okungekuhle, hlukanisa izinto eziguquguqukayo: indawo yokugcina, ubudala bokugxumagxuma, ishejuli yokushintshashintsha, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-hop. Bhala phansi ubhiya ngamunye ukuze ubone amaphethini ku-hop off-flavour Vojvodina. Izinguquko ezihlelekile ziholela emiphumeleni ethembekile kunokuqagela ukulungisa okukodwa.

Ingilazi yokukhulisa ehlola ubhiya wegolide ozungezwe ama-hop cone elabhorethri yokukhiqiza utshwala ekhanyiswe kancane. Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Ukuqhathaniswa nama-hops afanayo ahloniphekile kanye nama-aromahop

Abapheki bewayini bavame ukuqhathanisa i-Vojvodina nezinhlobo ezaziwayo ukuze kutholakale ibhalansi ephelele yephunga nokubaba. Lapho befuna iphrofayili eyindilinga, enokhuni enobaba obuqinile, i-Vojvodina vs Northern Brewer iyindlela evamile yokukhetha. I-Northern Brewer inikeza amanothi ahlanzekile e-menthol kanye ne-resin. Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-Vojvodina inikeza ukunambitheka okugcwele okunezincazelo ezijulile ze-cedar kanye nogwayi.

I-East Kent Golding ivame ukuphakanyiswa njengomuthi othatha indawo ye-Vojvodina uma ingatholakali. Ukuqhathaniswa phakathi kwe-Vojvodina ne-Goldings kwembula izici ezifanayo njengemibala ethambile yezimbali kanye nezinongo ezithambile. I-Goldings ilula futhi ithambile, kuyilapho i-Vojvodina inikeza ukuqina okukhulu kanye nobukhulu obuphakathi.

Izinhlobo zezihlobo ezifana neDunav neNeoplanta zabelana ngezimpawu zozalo ezithinta ukukhula nephunga. IDunav yaziwa ngokuthela okuphezulu kanye nezinongo ezilula. INeoplanta iveza amanothi aphezulu ezimbali acwebezelayo kancane. Naphezu kwalezi zibopho zomndeni, iVojvodina isahlukile ngophawu lwayo oluqinile nolunotshani.

• Amanothi okushintsha: I-Northern Brewer isebenza kahle njengokushintsha lapho kudingeka umgogodla oqinile obabayo.
• Amacala okusetshenziswa: I-East Kent Golding ifanela ama-ales alula kanye nama-bitter lapho kukhethwa khona ukuphakanyiswa kwezimbali okuthambile.
• Umongo wokuzalela: I-Dunav ne-Neoplanta zinikeza izinzuzo ezingeni lepulazi ezingase zingahambisani nobukhali bephunga likaVojvodina.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-aroma hop anamuhla aseMelika, i-Vojvodina ivelele njengenketho yesitayela esihle kakhulu. Izinhlobo zesimanje zigcizelela ama-citrus nama-tropical esters. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Vojvodina igxile kuma-woody, cedar, kanye nama-tobacco notes, okuhambisana namasiko okuqhathanisa ama-noble hop.

Uma uhlela iresiphi, cabanga ngokushintshana ngephunga, ukubaba, kanye nokukhiqiza. Ukukhetha phakathi kweVojvodina vs Northern Brewer noma iVojvodina vs Goldings kuncike ekutheni udinga iphunga eliyindilinga, elinamandla noma elilula, elinamandla.

Umongo wokulawula, womlando, nowamasiko

Uhambo lwama-hop aseVojvodina lwaqala ngasekupheleni kwawo-1960 e-Institute for Agricultural Research eBački Petrovac. Abafuyi base-Hop Research Station eYugoslavia yangaphambili babehlose ukufaka esikhundleni sezinhlobo ze-Backa. Umsebenzi wabo wawuyingxenye yomzamo omkhulu wokuhlanganisa amaphunga amahle nokumelana okuqinile nezifo ekuzaleni ama-hop aseYugoslavia.

I-Vojvodina imelela ukugxila kwekhulu lama-20 eMpumalanga Yurophu. Izinhlelo zigcizelele isivuno esizinzile kanye namaphunga akudala ama-lager kanye nama-ale endabuko. Lezi zinhloso zathonya umlando wezinhlobo ze-hop ze-Vojvodina kanye nontanga bayo esifundeni.

Ukwamukelwa kweVojvodina kwezentengiselwano kwahlala kuvinjelwe. Ukuba khona kwayo kwagcinwa ngokusebenzisa izivivinyo ezincane kanye nokusetshenziswa kwendawo, hhayi ukutshalwa kabanzi. Lokhu kusetshenziswa okulinganiselwe kuholele eziqondisweni ezimbalwa zokukhiqiza uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlobo ezaziwayo zomhlaba wonke.

Ukungenisa nokuthumela kwamanye amazwe ama-hop e-Vojvodina kulandela imithetho ejwayelekile yezolimo kanye neyokuhlanza izitshalo. Abalimi nabathengisi kumele balandele izindinganiso zoMnyango Wezolimo wase-United States kanye nezamazwe ngamazwe. Le mithetho ihlose ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwezinambuzane nezifo ngaphandle kokuqondisa lolu hlobo oluthile.

Umthelela weVojvodina ubonakala ekuhlukeni kwayo kwezakhi zofuzo kanye nokukhanga kwabenzi bobhiya bezandla. Abenzi bobhiya abafuna amaphunga ahlukile ezwe lakudala bathola iVojvodina ibalulekile. Indima yayo emlandweni wezinhlobo ze-hop ikhombisa ukuthi ukuzalanisa kwesifunda kungathuthukisa kanjani ukuhlukahluka kokwenza ubhiya besimanje.

• Umsuka: Uhlelo lokuzalanisa i-Bački Petrovac ngeminyaka yawo-1960.
• Umongo: Ingxenye yokuzalanisa ama-hop aseYugoslavia kanye nezinhlelo zaseMpumalanga Yurophu.
• Umthethonqubo: Imithetho ejwayelekile yokuhlanzeka kwezitshalo ilawula ukuhweba kanye nokusabalala kwezitshalo.
• Ifa: Kunezela ukuhlukahluka emlandweni wezinhlobo ze-hop kanye nezinketho zokwenziwa kokwenza ubhiya.

Isiphetho

Isifinyezo seVojvodina: Le hop yaziwa ngephunga layo, ine-alpha acid ephakathi nendawo (cishe i-6–10.5%) kanye nephunga eliyingqayizivele lezinkuni, i-cedar, kanye negwayi. Inesimo esihle esilinganiselwe futhi igcina i-alpha acid kahle, igcina iphunga layo lisha kubapheki bebhiya abancane.

Uma ukhetha ama-hop e-Vojvodina, gxila ekungezeni i-late-kettle, i-whirlpool, kanye ne-dry-hop. Le ndlela igcizelela ubunzima bayo obuhle ngaphandle kokunqoba i-malt. Ikhanya ngezitayela ze-malt zesiNgisi neze-Continental, ama-brown ale, ama-porters, kanye nama-lagers. Lapha, amanothi ayo amancane e-cedar noma kagwayi anezela ukujula ngaphandle kokubusa ubhiya.

Ukuze usebenzise ama-hop e-Vojvodina ngempumelelo, thola abahlinzeki abancane bese uwagcina ebanda ukuze ulondoloze ama-aromatics awo aguquguqukayo. Uma kunzima ukuthola i-Vojvodina, i-Northern Brewer kanye ne-East Kent Golding ziyindlela enhle yokufaka esikhundleni sazo enezici ezifanayo zokhuni nezinhle. Qala ngamaqoqo amancane bese uhlanganisa ngokucophelela ukuze ugcine ibhalansi ye-malt futhi ugweme ukuphuza ubhiya ngokweqile.

Ukufunda Okuqhubekayo

Uma ukujabulele lokhu okuthunyelwe, ungaphinda uthande lezi ziphakamiso:

• Ama-Hops in Beer Brewing: Bouclier
• Ama-Hops e-Beer Brewing: Hallertau Blanc
• Ama-Hops in Beer Brewing: Greensburg