Izihlahla Zezithelo Ezinhle Kakhulu Ongazitshala Engadini Yakho

Ingadi yasehlobo ekhanyayo enezihlahla zama-apula namapheya ezimboze indlela enotshani, amagatsha azo egcwele izithelo ezivuthiwe futhi ekhipha umthunzi othambile. Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabange Ngaphambi Kokutshala Izihlahla Zezithelo

Ngaphambi kokuba usheshe ukutshala izihlahla zezithelo engadini yakho, zinike isikhathi sokuhlola izici eziningana ezibalulekile ezizonquma impumelelo yakho. Umuthi ofanele endaweni efanele uzokunika umvuzo weminyaka eminingi yesivuno esikhulu.

Ukuhambisana Kwesimo Sezulu

Isihlahla ngasinye sezithelo sinezidingo ezithile zesimo sezulu ukuze sikhiqize kahle. Hlola indawo yakho yokuqina kwe-USDA bese ukhetha izinhlobo ezikhula kahle esifundeni sakho. Izihlahla eziningi zezithelo zidinga inani elithile "lamahora okubanda" (isikhathi esichithwa ngaphansi kuka-45°F) ukuze zimise izithelo kahle.

Izidingo Zesikhala

Cabanga ngobukhulu obuvuthiwe bezihlahla ozikhethile. Izihlahla zama-apula ezinobukhulu obujwayelekile zingafinyelela ubude obungamafidi angu-20-25, kanti izinhlobo ezincane zingakhula zibe ngamafidi angu-8-10 kuphela. Qinisekisa ukuthi unesikhala esanele phakathi kwezihlahla ukuze kujikelezwe umoya omuhle futhi kufinyeleleke ekuvunweni.

Izimo Zomhlaba

Izihlahla eziningi zezithelo zithanda inhlabathi ekhipha amanzi kahle ene-pH ene-acid kancane kuya kwengathathi hlangothi (6.0-7.0). Ngaphambi kokutshala, hlola inhlabathi yakho ukuze uthole ukwakheka kwayo kanye nezinga le-pH. Lungisa ubumba obunzima noma inhlabathi yesihlabathi enezinto eziphilayo ukuze uthuthukise ukugeleza kwamanzi kanye nokuzala.

Impova Izidingo

Izihlahla eziningi zezithelo zidinga ukuvundiswa kwempova kusuka kolunye uhlobo oluhambisanayo ukuze zikhiqize izithelo. Izinhlobo ezizivundisayo zingakhiqiza izithelo zodwa kodwa zivame ukukhiqiza kangcono nomlingani wokuvundiswa kwempova. Cwaninga ngezidingo ezithile zezinhlobo ozikhethile.

Izihlahla Zezithelo Ezinhle Kakhulu Ongazitshala Engadini Yakho

Ngokusekelwe ekunakekelweni okulula, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo, kanye nokukhiqiza, nazi izincomo zethu eziphezulu zezihlahla zezithelo zengadi yasekhaya. Sifake izinketho ezifanele izimo zezulu ezahlukahlukene kanye nokulinganiselwa kwendawo.

1. Izihlahla ze-apula (i-Malus domestica)

Izindawo Zokukhula:

Izindawo 3-8 (kuncike kokuhlukahluka)

Izidingo Zokunakekelwa:

• Ilanga eligcwele (amahora angaphezu kwangu-6 ngosuku)
• Inhlabathi ekhipha amanzi kahle
• Ukunisela njalo ngesikhathi sokutshala
• Ukuthena kwaminyaka yonke ekupheleni kobusika

Isikhathi Sokuvuna:

Iminyaka emi-2-5 kuya esithelweni sokuqala; ukuvuna kusukela ekupheleni kwehlobo kuya ekwindla kuye ngohlobo

Izinhlobo Ezinconywayo:

• 'I-Honeycrisp' - ukunambitheka okumangalisayo, okuqinile futhi okubandayo
• 'Fuji' - imnandi, iqinile, igcina kahle
• 'Inkululeko' - ayimelani nezifo, ilungele abaqalayo
• 'Gala' - umkhiqizi wokuqala, ukunambitheka okumnandi okulungele izingane

Amanothi Akhethekile:

Izihlahla eziningi zama-apula zidinga uhlobo oluhambisanayo lwe-pollinator eduze. Cabanga ngezimpande ezincane (M9, M26) ezingadini ezincane, ezigcina izihlahla zingaphansi kwamamitha ayi-10 ubude ngenkathi zikhiqiza izithelo ezinkulu.

I-apula elibomvu elivuthiwe elilenga egatsheni lesihlahla elinamaqabunga aluhlaza ekukhanyeni kwelanga. Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

2. Izihlahla zamapheya (Pyrus communis)

Izindawo Zokukhula:

Izindawo 4-9 (kuncike kokuhlukahluka)

Izidingo Zokunakekelwa:

• Ilanga eligcwele (amahora angaphezu kwangu-6 ngosuku)
• Inhlabathi ekhipha amanzi kahle
• Ukunisela okulingene
• Kudingeka ukuthena okuncane kunama-apula

Isikhathi Sokuvuna:

Iminyaka engu-3-5 ngaphambi kwezithelo zokuqala; ukuvuna ekupheleni kwehlobo kuze kube sekwindla

Izinhlobo Ezinconywayo:

• 'Bartlett' - ukunambitheka kwakudala, okukhiqizayo
• 'Kieffer' - ayimelani nezifo, ayibekezeleli ukushisa
• 'Seckel' - izithelo ezincane, ezimnandi, ezinhle kakhulu ezingadini ezincane
• 'Concorde' - iphunga elizivundisayo, elihle kakhulu

Amanothi Akhethekile:

Izihlahla zamapheya ngokuvamile zimelana nezifo kakhulu kunama-apula, okwenza zibe ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu kwabalimi bezitshalo zemvelo. Izinhlobo zamapheya ase-Asia zinikeza ukuthungwa okuqinile, okufana nama-apula kanye nokunambitheka kwepheya okuhlukile.

Iqoqo lamapheya aphuzi avuthiwe alenga egatsheni lesihlahla elinamaqabunga aluhlaza. Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

3. Izihlahla Zomkhiwane (i-Ficus carica)

Izindawo Zokukhula:

Izindawo 7-10; ezinye izinhlobo zingasinda ku-Zone 6 ngokuvikelwa

Izidingo Zokunakekelwa:

• Ilanga eligcwele (amahora angaphezu kwangu-6 ngosuku)
• Inhlabathi ekhipha amanzi kahle
• Ibekezelela isomiso uma isivele ikhona
• Kudingeka ukuthena okuncane

Isikhathi Sokuvuna:

Unyaka ongu-1-2 ngaphambi kwezithelo zokuqala; ukuvuna ehlobo futhi ngezinye izikhathi ekwindla (izivuno ezimbili ngonyaka ezindaweni ezifudumele)

Izinhlobo Ezinconywayo:

• 'I-Brown Turkey' - umkhiqizi oqinile futhi othembekile
• 'IChicago Hardy' - isindile yafika ku-Zone 5 ngokuvikeleka
• 'Celeste' - umkhuba wokukhula omnandi nowokuncane
• 'Kadota' - izithelo eziluhlaza ezinambitheka njengoju

Amanothi Akhethekile:

Izihlahla zamakhiwane ziyazivundisa futhi azidingi i-pollinator. Zinhle kakhulu ekukhuleni kwezitsha ezindaweni ezibandayo, lapho zingathuthelwa khona ezindaweni ezivikelwe ebusika. Amaqabunga azo amahle azenza zibe zihlobiso futhi zikhiqize.

Iqoqo lamakhiwane abomvu amnyama ansomi alenga egatsheni lesihlahla elinamaqabunga aluhlaza. Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

4. Izihlahla ze-Cherry (i-Prunus avium isho ubumnandi, i-P. cerasus isho umunyu)

Izindawo Zokukhula:

Izindawo 4-9 (ama-cherry amnandi); Izindawo 3-8 (ama-cherry amuncu)

Izidingo Zokunakekelwa:

• Ilanga eligcwele (amahora angaphezu kwangu-6 ngosuku)
• Inhlabathi ekhipha amanzi kahle
• Ukunisela njalo
• Ukuthena ukuze kujikelezwe umoya

Isikhathi Sokuvuna:

Iminyaka emi-3-5 ngaphambi kwezithelo zokuqala; ukuvuna ekuqaleni kuya maphakathi nehlobo

Izinhlobo Ezinconywayo:

• 'Stella' - i-sweet cherry evundile ngokwayo
• 'Montmorency' - i-cherry emuncu yakudala yamaphayi
• 'Ama-Lapin' - ayakwazi ukuzivundisa, amelana nokuqhekeka
• 'I-North Star' - i-cherry encane emuncu, efanelekela izindawo ezincane

Amanothi Akhethekile:

Ama-cherry amnandi ngokuvamile adinga i-pollinator, kuyilapho ama-cherry amaningi amuncu ezivundisa ngokwawo. Ukufaka inethi yezinyoni kubalulekile ukuvikela isivuno sakho. Izimpande ezincane ezifana ne-Gisela 5 zigcina izihlahla zilawuleka uma ziphakeme ngamafidi angu-8-10.

Iqoqo lama-cherry abomvu avuthiwe alenga egatsheni lesihlahla elinamaqabunga aluhlaza. Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

5. Izihlahla zepentshisi (i-Prunus persica)

Izindawo Zokukhula:

Izindawo 5-9 (ezinye izinhlobo ziya ku-Zone 4)

Izidingo Zokunakekelwa:

• Ilanga eligcwele (amahora angaphezu kwangu-6 ngosuku)
• Inhlabathi ekhipha amanzi kahle
• Ukunisela njalo
• Ukuthena minyaka yonke ukuze kukhiqizwe umkhiqizo

Isikhathi Sokuvuna:

Iminyaka engu-2-4 ngaphambi kwezithelo zokuqala; ukuvuna maphakathi nokuphela kwehlobo

Izinhlobo Ezinconywayo:

• 'Ukuthembela' - okuqina kakhulu futhi okunzima
• 'Umqhudelani' - omelana nezifo, omnandi
• 'Elberta' - ipentshisi eliyi-freestone elijwayelekile
• 'Isithwathwa' - simelana nokugoba kwamaqabunga epentshisi

Amanothi Akhethekile:

Izihlahla eziningi zamapentshisi ziyazivundisa, okwenza zibe zilungele izingadi ezincane lapho kungahlalwa khona umuthi owodwa kuphela. Zizuza ekuvikelweni emakhazeni asekwindla angalimaza izimbali. Izinhlobo ze-genetic dwarf zihlala ngaphansi kwamamitha ayi-1.5 ubude.

Iqoqo lamapentshisi avuthiwe alenga esihlahleni esinamaqabunga aluhlaza ekukhanyeni kwelanga. Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Amathiphu Abalulekile Okutshala Izihlahla Zezithelo

Ukutshala kahle kubalulekile empilweni yesikhathi eside kanye nokukhiqiza kwezihlahla zakho zezithelo. Landela lezi zinyathelo ukuze unike izihlahla zakho isiqalo esihle kakhulu.

Nini Ukutshala

Isikhathi esifanele sokutshala izihlahla zezithelo yingesikhathi sokuphumula - ngasekupheleni kwekwindla ngemva kokuwa kwamaqabunga noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuhluma kwamahlumela. Lokhu kunikeza izihlahla isikhathi sokusungula izimpande ngaphambi kwezidingo zokukhula noma ukuthela izithelo.

Ukulungiselela Isiza

Khetha indawo enelanga eligcwele nomoya ogeleza kahle. Bamba umgodi obanzi kabili kunebhola lempande kodwa ujule kuphela njengokuphakama kwebhola lempande. Khulula inhlabathi ezungeze izinhlangothi zomgodi ukuze izimpande zingene kalula.

Ukujula Kokutshala

Beka isihlahla ukuze i-graft union (indawo evuvukele esiqwini) ihlale ngamasentimitha angu-2-3 ngaphezu kwenhlabathi. Ukutshala kujule kakhulu kungabangela ukuthi i-scion imile, kuhlule injongo yesiqu sezimpande esikhula kancane.

Ukunisela

Nisela kahle ngemva kokutshala, unikeze amalitha angaba ngu-5 ngesihlahla ngasinye. Dala isitsha esincane esizungeze isihlahla ukuze usize ekubambeni amanzi. Ngesikhathi sokuqala sokukhula, nisela kakhulu kanye ngesonto uma imvula inganeli.

Ukumboza ngezimbobo

Faka ungqimba lwe-mulch oluyi-2-3 intshi oluyindilinga oluzungeze isihlahla, usigcine siqhele ngamasentimitha angu-3-4 ukusuka esiqwini. Lokhu kulondoloza umswakama, kucindezele ukhula, futhi kancane kancane kuthuthukise inhlabathi njengoba ibola.

Ukumisa

Izihlahla ezincane nezincane zingadinga ukubethelwa iminyaka yokuqala eyi-1-2. Sebenzisa isigxobo esibekwe ohlangothini olubheke emoyeni bese unamathisela isihlahla ngezibopho zesihlahla ezigobekayo ezingeke zilimaze igxolo.

Ingadi yezithelo yasehlobo ephilayo enezihlahla zezithelo ezithela umthunzi futhi ezithela isivuno esivuthiwe Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Ukunakekelwa Kwezihlahla Zezithelo Nokuxazulula Izinkinga

Ukunakekelwa okufanele kuyisihluthulelo sokugcina izihlahla zakho zezithelo ziphilile futhi zikhiqiza iminyaka eminingi. Nansi indlela yokubhekana nezinselele ezivamile nokugcina izihlahla zakho zichuma.

Izisekelo Zokuthena

Sika izihlahla zezithelo ngesikhathi sokulala (ebusika kuya ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo) ukuze uqinise isakhiwo futhi uthuthukise ukujikeleza komoya. Susa amagatsha afile, agulayo, noma ahlanganisayo kuqala. Ezihlahleni eziningi zezithelo, hlose indawo evulekile noma ifomu lomholi eliphakathi eliguquliwe.

Ukuvundisa

Faka umanyolo wemvelo olinganiselayo ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuhluma kwamahlumela. Izihlahla ezincane ziyazuza kumanyolo onokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-nitrogen, kuyilapho izihlahla ezikhulile zidinga i-phosphorus ne-potassium eningi ukusekela ukukhiqizwa kwezithelo.

Ukuphathwa Kwezinambuzane

Gada izihlahla njalo ukuze ubone izimpawu zezinambuzane. Khuthaza izinambuzane eziwusizo ngokutshala izimbali eduze. Cabanga ngezindlela zokulawula eziphilayo ezifana namafutha e-neem, insipho yokubulala izinambuzane, noma uwoyela wezitshalo ezitshalweni ukuze uthole izinambuzane ezivamile njengezinambuzane ezincelisayo, izibungu, kanye nezinambuzane ezisacathula.

Ukuvimbela Izifo

Izifo eziningi zezihlahla zezithelo zingavinjelwa ngokujikeleza kahle komoya, ukuthena kahle, kanye nokuhlanzwa kwezihlahla zezithelo. Hlanza izithelo namaqabunga awile ngokushesha. Khetha izinhlobo ezingamelani nezifo uma kungenzeka ngenxa yezinkinga ezivamile zendawo yakho.

Ukunciphisa Izithelo

Uma izihlahla zithela izithelo eziningi kakhulu, nciphisa izithelo ezincane ukuze uthuthukise usayizi kanye nekhwalithi yezithelo ezisele. Lokhu kuvimbela nokuphuka kwamagatsha futhi kusiza ukugcina ukuthwala kwaminyaka yonke ezinhlotsheni zeminyaka emibili.

Ukuvikelwa Kwasebusika

Ezindaweni ezibandayo, vikela izihlahla ezincane ekulimaleni kwasebusika ngokuzisonga ngezivikelo zezihlahla ukuze uvimbele ukulimala kwamagundane kanye nokushiswa yilanga. Ngezihlahla eziqine kancane, cabanga ukusebenzisa izingubo zokulala ezibandayo ngesikhathi seqhwa lasentwasahlobo.

Izixazululo Ezivamile Zezihlahla Zezithelo

• Amaqabunga aphuzi: Ngokuvamile abonisa ukuntuleka kwe-nitrogen noma ukumuncwa kwamanzi kahle
• Ukuwa kwezithelo: Ngokuvamile kubangelwa ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile, ukucindezeleka kwesomiso, noma izinkinga zokuthuthwa kwempova
• Izithelo eziqhekekile: Umphumela wokunisela okungalingani; gcina umswakama ohlala njalo
• Akukho ukukhiqizwa kwezithelo: Hlola izidingo zokuvundisa impova bese uqinisekisa amahora anele okubanda

Isikhathi Sokufuna Usizo Lochwepheshe

• Ukuvuza kwamanzi noma ukubola kwamagatsha noma isiqu
• Ukugoba kwamaqabunga noma ukushintsha kombala okuqhubeka naphezu kokwelashwa
• Ukubuna okungazelelwe kwamagatsha onke
• Umonakalo omkhulu wamagxolo noma izimpawu zezimbobo

Umuntu ofutha isihlahla sezithelo ngesifutho esibanjwa ngesandla egqoke amagilavu okuzivikela. Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Ukutshala Izihlahla Zezithelo Ezitsheni

Indawo encane ayisho ukuthi awukwazi ukujabulela izithelo ezitshalwe ekhaya. Izihlahla eziningi zezithelo ziyachuma ezitsheni, okwenza zilungele ama-patio, ama-balcony, noma amagceke amancane.

Izihlahla Ezinhle Kakhulu Zeziqukathi

• Izinhlobo zama-apula amancane ezisekelweni zezimpande ze-M27 noma ze-M9
• Amapentshisi amancane kanye nama-nectarine anezakhi zofuzo
• Izihlahla zamakhiwane (izinhlobo ezincane ngokwemvelo)
• I-citrus encane (i-Meyer lemon, i-kumquat, i-calamondin)
• Izihlahla zama-apula ezigobile

Ukukhethwa Kwesitsha

Khetha izitsha okungenani ezingamasentimitha angu-18-24 ububanzi nokujula. Qinisekisa ukuthi kunemigodi eyanele yokukhipha amanzi. Ama-half-barrel, izimbiza ezinkulu ze-ceramic, noma izikhwama zokukhulisa indwangu konke kusebenza kahle. Izitsha ezinombala omnyama zingashisa kakhulu elangeni eligcwele.

Ukupheka Okuphakathi

Sebenzisa ingxube yebhodwe esezingeni eliphezulu eyenzelwe izitsha, hhayi inhlabathi yasegadini. Faka umquba ongu-20% ukuze uvunde futhi ugcine amanzi. Ezinye izinto eziqinile njenge-perlite zisiza ukugcina amanzi egeleza kahle.

Izidingo Zokunakekelwa Okukhethekile

Izihlahla zezitshalo zidinga ukuniselwa nokufakwa umanyolo njalo kunezihlahla ezitshalwe emhlabathini. Nisela lapho isentimitha eliphezulu lenhlabathi lizwakala lomile. Faka umanyolo omanzi njalo ngenyanga ngesikhathi sokukhula. Phinda ufake njalo eminyakeni emi-2-3 ukuze uvuselele inhlabathi futhi unikeze indawo yokukhula kwezimpande.

Izihlahla zezithelo emabhodweni okuhlobisa endaweni ekhanyiswe yilanga enezithelo ezivuthiwe eziphuzi neziwolintshi. Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Izihlahla Zezithelo Ezengeziwe Okufanele Uzicabangele

Ngaphandle kwezinketho ezivame kakhulu, lezi zihlahla zezithelo zinikeza ukunambitheka okuhlukile kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kokukhulisa okungase kuphelele engadini yakho.

Izihlahla zePlum

Izindawo 4-9, kuye ngohlobo

Ama-plum anikeza ukuhlukahluka okumangalisayo, kusukela ezinhlotsheni zama-dessert amnandi kuya ezinhlotsheni zokupheka ezithambile. Amaningi ayakwazi ukuzivundisa futhi amelana nezifo. Ama-plum aseYurophu afana ne-'Stanley' kanye nama-plum aseJapan afana ne-'Methley' ayizinketho ezinhle kakhulu kwabaqalayo.

Izihlahla ze-Apricot

Izindawo 5-8, ezinezivikelo

Ama-apricot aqhakaza kusenesikhathi, ngakho-ke angcono kakhulu ezindaweni ezingenawo amaqhwa asekwindla. Izinhlobo ezizivundisayo njenge-'Moorpark' kanye nezinketho eziqinile njenge-'Harcot' zivuza abalimi ngezithelo ezimnandi nezimnandi ezivuthwa ekuqaleni kwehlobo.

Izihlahla zePersimmon

Izindawo 7-10 (zase-Asia); Izindawo 4-9 (zaseMelika)

Ama-Persimmons anikeza amaqabunga amahle asekwindla kanye nezithelo ezimnandi ezivuthwa ngemva kokuwa kwamaqabunga. Ama-persimmons aseMelika (i-Diospyros virginiana) aqinile kakhulu emakhazeni, kanti izinhlobo zase-Asia (i-D. kaki) ezifana ne-'Fuyu' zikhiqiza izithelo ezinkulu, ezinganciphisi ukunambitheka.

Imigqa yezihlahla zezithelo ezinezithelo ezivuthiwe eziphuzi nezibomvu eduze kwendlela yokungcola emaphakathi engadini yezithelo. Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Isiphetho

Ukutshala imithi yezithelo engadini yakho kukuxhumanisa namasiko ezolimo asendulo ngenkathi kuhlinzeka ngokudla okusha nokunomsoco emndenini wakho. Ngokuhlela nokunakekela okufanele, imithi yakho izoba yingxenye eyigugu yendawo yakho, okungenzeka iphile isikhathi eside kunomlimi owayitshala.

Khumbula ukuthi ukubekezela kubalulekile ngezihlahla zezithelo - isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokutshala sasiyiminyaka eminingi edlule, kodwa isikhathi sesibili esihle kakhulu namuhla. Qala ngesihlahla esisodwa noma ezimbili ezifanelana nesimo sezulu sakho nendawo yakho, bese wandisa ingadi yakho yasekhaya njengoba uthola ukuzethemba nolwazi.

Insimu yasentwasahlobo enezihlahla zezithelo eziqhakazayo, imiqumbe ebomvana, izimbali ezimhlophe, namapheya asagolide avuthiwe. Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Ukufunda Okuqhubekayo

Uma ukujabulele lokhu okuthunyelwe, ungaphinda uthande lezi ziphakamiso:

• Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Wokukhulisa Ama-Olive Ekhaya Ngempumelelo
• Izinhlobonhlobo zePlum ezihamba phambili nezihlahla ezingakhula engadini yakho
• Umhlahlandlela Wokukhulisa Amajikijolo Angcono Kakhulu E-Aronia Engadini Yakho