Izihlahla Zezithelo Ezinhle Kakhulu Ongazitshala Engadini Yakho

Ukucatshangelwa Okubalulekile Ngaphambi Kokutshala Izihlahla Zezithelo

Ngaphambi kokuba ugijimele ukutshala izihlahla zezithelo engadini yakho, zinike isikhathi sokuhlola izici ezimbalwa ezibalulekile ezizonquma impumelelo yakho. Isihlahla esifanele endaweni efanele sizokuvuza ngeminyaka yesivuno esichichimayo.

Ukuhambisana Kwesimo Sezulu

Zonke izihlahla zezithelo zinezidingo ezithile zesimo sezulu ukuze zikhiqize kahle. Hlola indawo yakho yokuqina ye-USDA bese ukhetha izinhlobo ezichumayo endaweni yangakini. Izihlahla eziningi zezithelo zidinga inani elithile "lamahora okushisa" (isikhathi esichithwa ngaphansi kuka-45°F) ukuze zibeke izithelo ngendlela efanele.

Izidingo zesikhala

Cabangela usayizi ovuthiwe wezihlahla ozikhethile. Izihlahla zama-apula ezinosayizi ojwayelekile zingafinyelela ubude obungamafidi angama-20-25, kuyilapho izinhlobo ezincanyana zingakhula zibe amafidi angu-8-10 kuphela. Qinisekisa ukuthi unezikhala ezanele phakathi kwezihlahla ukuze kuhambe kahle umoya kanye nokufinyelela ekuvuneni.

Izimo Zomhlaba

Izihlahla eziningi zezithelo zikhetha inhlabathi edonsa kahle ene-acidic kancane ukuya kokungathathi hlangothi pH (6.0-7.0). Ngaphambi kokutshala, hlola umhlabathi wakho ukuze uthole ukwakheka kwawo kanye nezinga le-pH. Shintsha inhlabathi enobumba oluqinile noma enesihlabathi ngezinto eziphilayo ukuze uthuthukise ukugeleza kwamanzi nokuvunda.

Impova Izidingo

Izihlahla eziningi zezithelo zidinga ukudluliswa kwempova kolunye uhlobo oluhambisanayo ukuze zikhiqize izithelo. Izinhlobo ezizivundile zingazikhiqizela isithelo ngokwazo kodwa ngokuvamile zithela kangcono ngozakwethu wempova. Cwaninga izidingo ezithile zezinhlobo ozikhethile.

Izihlahla Zezithelo Ezinhle Kakhulu Ongazitshala Engadini Yakho

Ngokusekelwe ekunakekeleni kalula, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo, kanye nokukhiqiza, nazi izincomo zethu eziphezulu zezihlahla zezithelo zasengadini yasekhaya. Sifake izinketho ezifanele izimo zezulu ezahlukahlukene nezingqinamba zesikhala.

1. Izihlahla Ze-apula (Malus domestica)

Izindawo ezikhulayo:

Izindawo 3-8 (kuncike ezinhlobonhlobo)

Izidingo Zokunakekelwa:

• Ilanga eligcwele (amahora angu-6+ nsuku zonke)
• Inhlabathi edonsa kahle
• Ukuchelela njalo ngesikhathi sokusungulwa
• Ukuthena ngonyaka ngasekupheleni kobusika

Umugqa wesikhathi wokuvuna:

Iminyaka engu-2-5 yesithelo sokuqala; isivuno kusukela ngasekupheleni kwehlobo kuya ekwindla kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo

Izinhlobo Ezinconyiwe:

• 'I-Honeycrisp' - ukunambitheka okuyingqayizivele, okuqinile okubandayo
• 'I-Fuji' - imnandi, icwebile, umgcini omuhle
• 'Inkululeko' - ukumelana nezifo, kuhle kwabaqalayo
• I-'Gala' - umkhiqizi wakuqala, ukunambitheka okumnandi okulungele izingane

Amanothi Akhethekile:

Izihlahla eziningi zama-apula zidinga uhlobo lwe-pollinator oluhambisanayo eduze. Cabanga ngeziqu zezimpande ezincane (M9, M26) ezingadini ezincane, ezigcina izihlahla zingaphansi kwamafidi angu-10 ubude ngenkathi zikhiqiza izithelo ezinosayizi ogcwele.

2. Izihlahla zamapheya (Pyrus communis)

Izindawo ezikhulayo:

Izindawo 4-9 (kuncike ezinhlobonhlobo)

Izidingo Zokunakekelwa:

• Ilanga eligcwele (amahora angu-6+ nsuku zonke)
• Inhlabathi edonsa kahle
• Ukunisela okulingene
• Kudingeka ukuthenwa okuncane kunama-apula

Umugqa wesikhathi wokuvuna:

Iminyaka engu-3-5 kuya kwesithelo sokuqala; ukuvuna ngasekupheleni kwehlobo ukuya ekwindla

Izinhlobo Ezinconyiwe:

• 'I-Bartlett' - ukunambitheka kwakudala, okukhiqizayo
• 'Kieffer' - ukumelana nezifo, ukumelana nokushisa
• 'I-Seckel' - izithelo ezincane, ezinoshukela, zilungele izingadi ezincane
• I-'Concorde' - ukuzivundisa, ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu

Amanothi Akhethekile:

Izihlahla zamapheya ngokuvamile azikwazi ukumelana nezifo kunama-apula, okuwenza abe ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu kubalimi bezingadi. Izinhlobo zamapheya ase-Asia zinikeza ukuthungwa okuhlanzekile, okufana ne-apula okunokunambitheka okuhlukile.

3. Izihlahla Zomkhiwane (Ficus carica)

Izindawo ezikhulayo:

Izindawo ezingu-7-10; ezinye izinhlobo zingaphila ku-Zone 6 ngokuvikelwa

Izidingo Zokunakekelwa:

• Ilanga eligcwele (amahora angu-6+ nsuku zonke)
• Inhlabathi edonsa kahle
• Uma sekuqalisiwe ukubekezelela isomiso
• Ukuthena okuncane kuyadingeka

Umugqa wesikhathi wokuvuna:

Iminyaka engu-1-2 yesithelo sokuqala; ukuvuna ehlobo futhi ngezinye izikhathi ekwindla (izitshalo ezimbili ngonyaka ezindaweni ezifudumele)

Izinhlobo Ezinconyiwe:

• 'Brown Turkey' - umkhiqizi obandayo, othembekile
• 'I-Chicago Hardy' - isinda ku-Zone 5 ngokuvikelwa
• 'Celeste' - ubumnandi, umkhuba wokukhula ohlangene
• 'Kadota' - izithelo eziluhlaza ezinoju

Amanothi Akhethekile:

Izihlahla zomkhiwane zizivundile ngokwazo futhi azidingi impova. Zinhle kakhulu ekukhuleni kweziqukathi ezindaweni ezibandayo, lapho zingathuthelwa ezindaweni ezivikelekile ebusika. Amahlamvu awo akhangayo awenza abe mihlobiso futhi akhiqize.

4. Izihlahla Zamacherry (Prunus avium for sweet, P. cerasus for sour)

Izindawo ezikhulayo:

Izindawo ezingu-4-9 (ama-cherries amnandi); Izindawo 3-8 (ama-cherries amuncu)

Izidingo Zokunakekelwa:

• Ilanga eligcwele (amahora angu-6+ nsuku zonke)
• Inhlabathi edonsa kahle
• Ukuchelela njalo
• Ukuthenwa kokujikeleza komoya

Umugqa wesikhathi wokuvuna:

Iminyaka engu-3-5 kuya kwesithelo sokuqala; ukuvuna ekuqaleni kwaphakathi nehlobo

Izinhlobo Ezinconyiwe:

• 'U-Stella' - ucherry omnandi ozivundile
• 'Montmorency' - i-cherry emuncu yakudala yophaya
• 'Ama-Lapins' - azivundile, amelana nokuqhekeka
• 'Inkanyezi yaseNyakatho' - i-cherry encane emuncu, ilungele izikhala ezincane

Amanothi Akhethekile:

Ama-cherry amnandi ngokuvamile adinga i-pollinator, kuyilapho ama-cherry amaningi amuncu ekwazi ukuzivundisa. Ukunetha izinyoni kubalulekile ukuze uvikele isivuno sakho. Iziqu zezimpande ezincanyana njenge-Gisela 5 zigcina izihlahla zilawuleka kumamitha angu-8-10 ubude.

5. Izihlahla zamaPentshisi (Prunus persica)

Izindawo ezikhulayo:

Izindawo 5-9 (ezinye izinhlobo kuZone 4)

Izidingo Zokunakekelwa:

• Ilanga eligcwele (amahora angu-6+ nsuku zonke)
• Inhlabathi edonsa kahle
• Ukuchelela njalo
• Ukuthenwa kwaminyaka yonke ukuze kukhiqizwe

Umugqa wesikhathi wokuvuna:

Iminyaka engu-2-4 yesithelo sokuqala; ukuvuna phakathi nasekupheleni kwehlobo

Izinhlobo Ezinconyiwe:

• 'Ukuthembela' - kuyabanda kakhulu
• 'I-Contender' - ukumelana nezifo, ukunambitheka
• 'Elberta' - i-freestone peach yakudala
• 'Isithwathwa' - amelana nokugoqeka kweqabunga lepentshisi

Amanothi Akhethekile:

Izihlahla zamapentshisi eziningi zizivundile, okuzenza zibe zilungele izingadi ezincane lapho kungahlalwa khona isihlahla esisodwa kuphela. Bazuza ekuvikelweni kwesithwathwa sasentwasahlobo esingase kulimaze izimbali. Izinhlobo ze-Genetic dwarf zihlala ngaphansi kwamafidi ayi-6 ubude.

Amacebiso Abalulekile Okutshala Izihlahla Zezithelo

Ukutshala ngendlela efanele kubalulekile empilweni yesikhathi eside nasekukhiqizeni izihlahla zakho zezithelo. Landela lezi zinyathelo ukuze unikeze izihlahla zakho isiqalo esihle kakhulu.

Nini Ukutshala

Isikhathi esihle sokutshala izihlahla zezithelo yinkathi yokuthula - ngasekupheleni kwekwindla ngemva kokuwa kwamaqabunga noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuqhakaza. Lokhu kunikeza izihlahla isikhathi sokusungula izimpande ngaphambi kwezidingo zokukhula noma izithelo.

Ukulungisa Isizinda

Khetha indawo enelanga eligcwele kanye nokuhamba komoya okuhle. Yimba imbobo ngokuphindwe kabili ububanzi njengebhola lempande kodwa ijule kuphela njengobude bebhola lempande. Khulula inhlabathi emaceleni omgodi ukuze izimpande zingene kalula.

Ukujula Kokutshala

Beka isihlahla ukuze i-graft union (indawo evuvukele esiqwini) ihlale ama-intshi angu-2-3 ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlabathi. Ukutshala kujule kakhulu kungabangela ukuthi i-scion izimpande, ihlule inhloso yesiphunzi esifushane.

Ukunisela

Nisela kahle ngemva kokutshala, unikeze cishe amalitha ayi-5 esihlahleni ngasinye. Dala indishi encane ezungeze isihlahla ukusiza ukubamba amanzi. Esikhathini sokuqala sokukhula, nisela ngokujulile kanye ngesonto uma imvula inganele.

Ukumboza ngezimbobo

Faka ungqimba lwamasentimitha angu-2-3 we-organic mulch endingilizini ezungeze isihlahla, ugcine ama-intshi angu-3-4 kude nesiqu. Lokhu kulondoloza umswakama, kucindezela ukhula, futhi kancane kancane kuthuthukisa inhlabathi njengoba ibhidlika.

Staking

Izihlahla ezincane nezincane zingase zidinge ukugxilwa eminyakeni engu-1-2 yokuqala. Sebenzisa isigxobo esibekwe ohlangothini oluvunguzayo bese unamathisela isihlahla ngezibopho zesihlahla eziguqukayo ezingeke zilimaze amagxolo.

Ukugcinwa Kwesihlahla Sezithelo kanye Nokuxazulula Izinkinga

Ukunakekelwa okufanele kuyisihluthulelo sokugcina izihlahla zakho zezithelo ziphilile futhi zikhiqiza iminyaka eminingi. Nansi indlela yokubhekana nezinselele ezivamile futhi ugcine izihlahla zakho zikhula.

Izihlahla Eziyisisekelo

Sika izihlahla zezithelo ngesikhathi sokulala (ebusika kuya ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo) ukuze wakhe isakhiwo esiqinile futhi uthuthukise ukuhamba komoya. Susa amagatsha afile, agulayo, noma awela kuqala. Ezihlahleni eziningi zezithelo, hlose ukuba nesikhungo esivulekile noma ifomu lomholi elilungisiwe.

Ukuvundisa

Faka umanyolo we-organic olinganiselayo ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngaphambi kwekhefu le-bud. Izihlahla ezincane zizuza kumanyolo onokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-nitrogen, kuyilapho izihlahla eziqinile zidinga i-phosphorus ne-potassium eyengeziwe ukuze zisekele ukukhiqizwa kwezithelo.

Ukuphathwa Kwezinambuzane

Gada izihlahla njalo ukuze uthole izimpawu zezinambuzane. Khuthaza izinambuzane ezizuzisayo ngokutshala izimbali eduze. Cabangela izilawuli zemvelo ezifana nowoyela we- neem, insipho ebulala izinambuzane, noma uwoyela we-horticultural ezinambuzaneni ezivamile ezifana nezintwala, izibungu, nezinambuzane ezikala.

Ukuvimbela Izifo

Izifo eziningi zezihlahla zezithelo zingavinjelwa ngokujikeleza komoya okuhle, ukuthenwa okufanele, nokuhlanzeka kwensimu yezithelo. Hlanza izithelo eziwile namaqabunga ngokushesha. Khetha izinhlobo ezimelana nezifo uma kungenzeka ezinkingeni ezivamile endaweni yangakini.

Ukunciphisa Izithelo

Lapho izihlahla zisetha izithelo eziningi, ama-fruitlets azacile ukuze athuthukise usayizi kanye nekhwalithi yezithelo ezisele. Lokhu futhi kuvimbela ukuphuka kwamagatsha futhi kusiza ukugcina ukuzala konyaka ezinhlobonhlobo ze-biennial.

Ukuvikelwa Kwasebusika

Ezifundeni ezibandayo, vikela izihlahla ezincane ekulimaleni kwasebusika ngokusonga iziqu ngonogada bezihlahla ukuvikela ukulimala kwamagundane kanye nokushiswa kwelanga. Ezihlahleni eziqinile kancane, cabanga ukusebenzisa izingubo zokulala zesithwathwa ngesikhathi sokubanda kwentwasahlobo.

Common Fruit Tree Solutions

• Amaqabunga aphuzi: Imvamisa akhombisa ukushoda kwenitrogen noma ukungaphumi kahle kwamanzi
• Ukwehla kwezithelo: Ngokuvamile kubangelwa ukukhiqiza ngokweqile, ingcindezi yesomiso, noma izinkinga zokuvuthwa
• Isithelo esiqhephukile: Umphumela wokuchelela okungalingani; gcina umswakama ongaguquki
• Akukho mkhiqizo wezithelo: Hlola izidingo zempova futhi uqinisekise amahora anele okubanda

Ungalufuna Nini Usizo Lochwepheshe

• Ubisi oluvuzayo noma ama-cankers emagatsheni noma esiqwini
• Ukugoqa kweqabunga okunamandla noma ukushintsha kombala okuqhubekayo naphezu kokwelashwa
• Ukubuna okungazelelwe kwawo wonke amagatsha
• Umonakalo omkhulu wamagxolo noma izimpawu zamabhore

Ukukhulisa Izihlahla Zezithelo Ezitsheni

Isikhala esilinganiselwe akusho ukuthi awukwazi ukujabulela izithelo zasekhaya. Izihlahla eziningi zezithelo ziyakhula kahle ezitsheni, okuzenza zibe zinhle kumagceke, ovulandi, noma amagceke amancane.

Izihlahla Ezinhle Kakhulu Zeziqukathi

• Izinhlobo zama-apula amancane ku-M27 noma i-M9
• Amapentshisi amancane anezakhi zofuzo namanectarine
• Izihlahla zamakhiwane (izinhlobo ezihlangene ngokwemvelo)
• I-citrus encane (i-Meyer lemon, i-kumquat, i-calamondin)
• Izihlahla ze-apula zekholomu

Ukukhethwa Kwesitsha

Khetha iziqukathi okungenani eziyi-18-24 amayintshi ububanzi nokujula. Qinisekisa izimbobo zokudonsa amanzi ezanele. Imiphongolo enguhhafu, amabhodwe amakhulu e-ceramic, noma izikhwama zendwangu yendwangu konke kusebenza kahle. Iziqukathi ezinombala omnyama zingashisa kakhulu elangeni eligcwele.

I-Potting Medium

Sebenzisa ingxube yekhwalithi ephezulu yokubumba eyenzelwe iziqukathi, hhayi inhlabathi engadini. Faka u-20% womquba ukuze wenzele futhi ugcine amanzi. Ezinye izinto ezimahhadla ezifana ne-perlite zisiza ukugcina amanzi ahlanzekile.

Izidingo Zokunakekelwa Okukhethekile

Izihlahla zamasitsha zidinga ukuchelelwa njalo nokuvundisa kunezihlahla ezitshalwe phansi. Nisela lapho intshi ephezulu yomhlabathi izwakala yomile. Faka umanyolo owuketshezi njalo ngenyanga ngesikhathi sokukhula. Phinda njalo eminyakeni engu-2-3 ukuze uvuselele inhlabathi futhi unikeze indawo yokukhula kwezimpande.

Izihlahla Zezithelo Ezengeziwe Zokucatshangelwa

Ngaphandle kwezinketho ezivame kakhulu, lezi zihlahla zezithelo zinikeza ukunambitheka okuyingqayizivele kanye nolwazi olukhulayo olungase lulungele ingadi yakho.

Izihlahla zePlum

Izindawo 4-9, kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo

Ama-plums anikeza ukuhlukahluka okumangalisayo, kusukela ezinhlotsheni zama-dessert amnandi kuya ezinhlobonhlobo zokupheka zokupheka. Eziningi ziyazizala futhi azikwazi ukumelana nezifo. Ama-plums ase-Europe afana ne-'Stanley' kanye nama-plums aseJapane afana ne-'Methley' yizinketho ezinhle kakhulu zabaqalayo.

Izihlahla Zamabhilikosi

Izindawo 5-8, ngokuvikelwa

Amabhilikosi aqhakaza kusenesikhathi, ngakho angcono kakhulu ezindaweni ezingenazo izithwathwa zasentwasahlobo. Izinhlobo ezizivundisayo njenge-'Moorpark' nezinketho eziqinile ezibandayo njenge-'Harcot' ziklomelisa abalimi ngezithelo ezimnandi, ezinoshukela ezivuthwa ekuqaleni kwehlobo.

Izihlahla zePersimmon

Izindawo ezingu-7-10 (e-Asia); Izindawo 4-9 (AseMelika)

I-Persimmons inikeza amahlamvu amahle ekwindla kanye nezithelo ezimnandi ezivuthwa ngemva kokuwa kwamaqabunga. Ama-persimmon aseMelika (Diospyros virginiana) aqinile kakhulu, kuyilapho izinhlobo zase-Asia (D. kaki) ezifana ne-'Fuyu' zikhiqiza izithelo ezinkulu, ezingenawo astringent.

Isiphetho

Ukukhula kwezihlahla zezithelo engadini yakho kukuxhumanisa namasiko ezolimo asendulo kuyilapho unikeza umndeni wakho ukudla okusha, okunomsoco. Ngokuhlela nokunakekelwa okufanele, izihlahla zakho zizoba yingxenye ethandekayo yezwe lakho, okungenzeka ziphile ukudlula umlimi ozitshalile.

Khumbula ukuthi ukubekezela kuyisihluthulelo sezihlahla zezithelo - isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokutshala sasiyiminyaka edlule, kodwa isikhathi sesibili esingcono kakhulu namuhla. Qala ngesihlahla esisodwa noma ezimbili ezihambisana nesimo sezulu nendawo yakho, bese wandisa insimu yakho yezithelo njengoba uthola ukuzethemba nolwazi.

Ukufunda Okuqhubekayo

Uma ukujabulele lokhu okuthunyelwe, ungaphinda uthande lezi ziphakamiso:

• Imifino Ephezulu Eyi-10 Enempilo Kakhulu Engakhula Engadini Yakho Yasekhaya
• Amajikijolo Anempilo Kakhulu Azokhula Engadini Yakho
• Izinhlobo Ezinhle Kakhulu Zotamatisi Ongakhula Engadini Yakho