Umhlahlandlela Wokukhulisa Amapheya Aphelele: Izinhlobo Eziphezulu Namathiphu
Kushicilelwe: Septhemba 13, 2025 22:42:21 UTC
Ukutshala amapheya engadini yakho yasekhaya kunikeza imivuzo eminingi izihlahla ezimbalwa zezithelo ezingafana nazo. Lezi zihlahla zikanokusho zinikeza izimbali zasentwasahlobo ezimangalisayo, amahlamvu ehlobo akhangayo, nezithelo zasekwindla ezimnandi ezingajatshulelwa zisanda kutholwa noma zilondolozwe. Izihlahla zamapheya zivumelana ngokuphawulekayo nezimo zezulu ezihlukahlukene kulo lonke elase-United States, ngezinhlobo ezithile ezichumayo ezindaweni ezingu-4-9. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unegceke elibanzi elingemuva noma indawo engadini enesizotha, kungenzeka ukuthi kunezinhlobo zamapheya ezizolingana nendawo yakho - kusukela ezihlahleni eziminyene ezincane ezilungele izingadi ezincane ukuya kuma-specimens anosayizi ojwayelekile adala indawo yokugxila ehlaba umxhwele.
Guide to Growing Perfect Pears: Top Varieties and Tips
Izinto Ezibalulekile Zokukhetha Izinhlobo Ezinhle Kakhulu zamapheya Ezingadi Zasekhaya
Ukukhetha izinhlobo ezifanele zamapheya engadini yakho kudinga ukucatshangelwa kwezinto ezimbalwa ezibalulekile. Ukuqonda lezi zakhi kuzosiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izihlahla zakho ziyachuma futhi zikhiqize inala, izithelo zekhwalithi ephezulu iminyaka ezayo.
- Amahora Okushisa Ayadingeka: Izinhlobo eziningi zamapheya zidinga phakathi kwamahora angu-600-900 okushisa (amahora angaphansi kuka-45°F) ukuze zikhiqize izithelo ngendlela efanele. Khetha izinhlobo ezihambisana nezimo zezulu zendawo yangakini.
- Izidingo Zokutshala Impova: Izinhlobo eziningi zamapheya zidinga impova enqamula kwezinye izinhlobo ezihambisanayo eziqhakaza ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ezinye izinhlobo ezifana ne-'Warren' kanye ne-'Kieffer' ziyakwazi ukuzivundisa ngokwengxenye.
- Ukumelana Nezifo: Kubalulekile ukumelana nomlilo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinomswakama. Izinhlobo ezifana ne-'Moonglow', 'Magness', ne-'Warren' zinikeza ukumelana okuhle kakhulu.
- Isikhathi Sokuvuna: Amapheya asehlobo (avunwa ngo-August-September) avuthwa ngokushesha ngemva kokukha, kuyilapho amapheya asebusika (avunwa ngoSepthemba-Okthoba) adinga ukugcinwa ngaphambi kokuvuthwa.
- Usayizi Wesihlahla: Cabangela usayizi ovuthiwe wesihlahla sakho. Izihlahla ezijwayelekile zifinyelela ku-18-25 amamitha ubude, kanti izinhlobo ezincane zihlala zilawuleka kumamitha ayi-8-12.
Izinhlobonhlobo zamapheya aseYurophu Ezingadi Zasekhaya
Amapheya aseYurophu (Pyrus communis) ayizithelo zakudala ezimise okwepheya abantu abaningi abaziqaphelayo. Zinokuthungwa kwebhotela uma sezivuthiwe futhi zivame ukuthathwa ziqinile, bese zivuthwa esihlahleni. Nazi ezinye izinhlobo ezivelele zaseYurophu zezingadi zasekhaya:
Bartlett
Ipheya eliyi-quintessential elinenyama emnandi, enamanzi kanye nalelo "pear flavour". Amapheya e-Bartlett aphenduka asuka eluhlaza abe phuzi uma esevuthiwe.
- I-Flavour: Imnandi futhi inephunga elimnandi
- Ukwakheka: Bushelelezi futhi bumanzi
- Izindawo ezikhulayo: 5-8
- I-Fire Blight: Isengozini emaphakathi
- Ukuvuna: Ekupheleni kuka-Agasti kuya ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba
Warren
Inhlobonhlobo yengadi yasekhaya esezingeni eliphezulu ekwazi ukumelana nezifo kanye nesithelo esimnandi nesimnandi. Izivundile, okwenza ilungele izingadi ezincane.
- Ukunambitheka: Kucebile, kumnandi, futhi kunoshukela
- Ukwakheka: Bushelelezi ngegrit encane
- Izindawo ezikhulayo: 5-9
- I-Fire Blight: Imelana kakhulu
- Ukuvuna: Maphakathi noSepthemba kuya ku-Okthoba
I-Mounglow
Umkhiqizi onokwethenjelwa onokumelana nezifo okuhle kakhulu kanye nezithelo ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Cishe ayinawo ama-grit cells ukuze ukwazi ukudla okushelelayo.
- Ukunambitheka: Kumnandi futhi kumnene
- Ukwakheka: Bushelelezi futhi bucolisekile
- Izindawo ezikhulayo: 4-8
- I-Fire Blight: Imelana kakhulu
- Ukuvuna: Phakathi no-August kuya ekuqaleni kuka-September
Izinhlobonhlobo zamapheya ase-Asia Ezingadi Zasekhaya
Amapheya ase-Asia (Pyrus pyrifolia) ahluke ngokusobala ezinhlobonhlobo zaseYurophu. Ziyindilinga, zicwebile njengama-apula, futhi zivunwa lapho sezivuthiwe. Zigcina ukuthungwa kwazo okuhlanzekile ngisho nalapho sezivuthiwe, okuzenza zibe zinhle kakhulu ekudleni okusha namasaladi.
Hosui
Elinye lamapheya ase-Asia aziwa kakhulu anejusi, inyama emnandi nesikhumba esikhangayo se-russet esisagolide.
- I-Flavour: Imnandi futhi inephunga elimnandi
- Ukwakheka: Kukhamisile futhi kunojusi
- Izindawo ezikhulayo: 5-9
- I-Fire Blight: Isengozini emaphakathi
- Ukuvuna: Ekupheleni kuka-Agasti kuya kuSeptemba
I-Korean Giant (Olympic)
Ikhiqiza izithelo ezinkulu kakhulu, eziyindilinga ezingaba nesisindo esingafika kukhilogremu ngayinye. Inyama emnandi, ecwebile iyenza ilungele ukudla okusha.
- Ukunambitheka: Kumnandi futhi kumnene
- Ukwakheka: Kucwebile kakhulu futhi kunojusi
- Izindawo ezikhulayo: 4-9
- I-Fire Blight: Imelana ngokumaphakathi
- Ukuvuna: Septhemba kuya ku-Okthoba
I-Shinko Fire Blight Resistant
Imelana kakhulu nomlilo, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu ezindaweni ezinomswakama. Ikhiqiza izithelo ezimaphakathi kuya ezinkulu ezinesikhumba esisagolide se-russet.
- I-Flavour: Imnandi ngamasu e-butterscotch
- Ukwakheka: Kukhamisile futhi kunojusi
- Izindawo ezikhulayo: 5-9
- I-Fire Blight: Imelana kakhulu
- Ukuvuna: Septhemba kuya ku-Okthoba
Izinhlobo Ezinhle Kakhulu Zepheya Ezingeziwe Ezingadi Zasekhaya
Ngaphandle kwezinhlobonhlobo ezidume kakhulu, lezi zihlahla zamapheya ezengeziwe zinikeza izici ezihlukile ezizenza zibe izengezo ezifanele engadini yakho yezithelo:
Sekele
Ngokuvamile okubizwa ngokuthi "amapheya oshukela," lezi zithelo ezincane zipakisha ubumnandi obumangalisayo ephaketheni elilingana nokuluma. Iyakwazi ukuzivundisa ngokwengxenye futhi inokumelana okuhle nezifo.
Izindawo ezikhulayo: 5-8
Isici esiyingqayizivele: Izithelo ezimnandi kakhulu, ezincane ezilungele ukudliwa futhi zigcinwe
Kieffer
Isihlahla esiqinile, esinamandla esithela izithelo ezinkulu eziqinile. Kuhle kakhulu ekufakweni nasekulondolozeni, ngokumelana okuhle kwezifo.
Izindawo ezikhulayo: 4-9
Isici esiyingqayizivele: Ikhiqiza kakhulu futhi ivumelana nezimo ezihlukahlukene zenhlabathi
Amathiphu Okutshala Nokunakekela Izihlahla Zepheya Ezingadini Zasekhaya
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa okufanele kubalulekile ekusunguleni izihlahla zamapheya ezinempilo, ezikhiqizayo. Landela le mihlahlandlela ukuze unikeze izihlahla zakho isiqalo esihle futhi uzigcine iminyaka eminingi yesivuno.
Ukukhethwa Kwesizinda Nokulungiswa Kwenhlabathi
- Ukukhanya kwelanga: Khetha indawo ethola okungenani amahora angu-6-8 welanga eligcwele nsuku zonke. Ilanga lasekuseni libaluleke kakhulu njengoba lisiza ukomisa amazolo emaqabunga, kunciphisa ingozi yezifo.
- I-Air Circulation: Ukugeleza komoya okuhle kusiza ukuvimbela ukulimala kwesithwathwa ekuqhakazeni kokuqala. Gwema izindawo eziphansi lapho kuhlala khona umoya obandayo.
- Umhlabathi: Amapheya avumelana nezinhlobo zenhlabathi ehlukahlukene kodwa athanda inhlabathi ekhanyiswe kahle ene-pH ephakathi kuka-6.0-7.0. Yenza ukuhlolwa kwenhlabathi ngaphambi kokutshala.
- Isikhala: Tshala izihlahla ezijwayelekile ngamamitha angu-18-25 ukuhlukana, ingxenye encane ngamafidi angu-12-15 ukusuka komunye nomunye, kanye nezinhlobo ezincane eziqhele ngamamitha angu-8-10.
Izinyathelo Zokutshala
- Yimba imbobo ibe banzi ngokwanele ukuze ufaka izimpande ngaphandle kokugoba, ngokuvamile ububanzi obuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-2-3 kunebhola lempande kodwa hhayi ukujula.
- Beka isihlahla nge-graft union (indawo evuvukele esiqwini) ama-intshi angu-2-3 ngaphezu komugqa wenhlabathi.
- Gcwalisa emuva ngenhlabathi yendabuko, unyathele kancane ukuze ususe amaphakethe omoya. Nisela kahle.
- Gcoba i-mulch endaweni eyindilinga engamamitha amathathu ukuzungeza isihlahla, ugcine amasentimitha angu-3-4 kude nesiqu.
- Sika isihlahla esisanda kutshalwa sibe ngama-intshi angu-24-30 ukuze ukhuthaze amagatsha.
Ukuthena Konyaka Wokuqala
Ngemuva kwenkathi yokuqala yokukhula, khetha amagatsha angu-4-6 ahlukaniswe kahle ukuze abe yizitho eziyinhloko zescaffold. Susa noma yimaphi amagatsha anama-engeli amancane (ngaphansi kuka-60°) njengoba ajwayele ukuhlukana ngaphansi kwesisindo sezithelo. Qeqesha amagatsha abe yi-engeli engama-degree angu-45 usebenzisa othayi bezintambo ukuze udale isakhiwo esiqinile sesihlahla.
Ukunakekela Okuqhubekayo
Ukunisela
Nisela ngokujulile kodwa ngokungajwayelekile, okuvumela inhlabathi yome kancane phakathi kokunisela. Izihlahla ezimisiwe (iminyaka engu-3+) ngokuvamile zidinga amanzi kuphela ngezikhathi ezomile ezinde.
Ukuvundisa
Faka umanyolo kancane. I-nitrogen eningi ikhuthaza ukukhula ngokweqile okungase kube sengozini yomlilo. Ezihlahleni ezithelayo, sebenzisa inkomishi engu-10-10-10 ngonyaka yobudala besihlahla (ubuningi bezinkomishi eziyi-12), ihlukanise phakathi kwasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo nangemuva kokusetha izithelo.
Ukuthena
Sika ngesikhathi esithule ukuze ugcine isikhungo esivulekile esivumela ukungena kokukhanya. Susa amagatsha afile, agulayo, noma awela. Khipha amathuluzi okuthena amagciwane phakathi kokusikeka lapho ususa izinkuni ezigulayo.
Ukulawulwa Kwezinambuzane Nezifo
Gada i-fire blight, i-pear scab, ne-codling moth. Susa amagatsha anamagciwane ngokushesha, usike okungenani ama-intshi angu-6 ngaphansi kokutheleleka okubonakalayo. Cabangela izinhlobo ezingazweli uma umfutho wezifo uphezulu endaweni yangakini.
Iphutha Elivamile: Ukuvuna Sekwephuzile Kakhulu
Ngokungafani nezithelo eziningi, amapheya aseYurophu kufanele avunwe lapho esevuthiwe kodwa eqinile. Zizovuthwa kahle esihlahleni. Uma ziyekwa ukuze zivuthwe esihlahleni, ziba nenkungu futhi zingase zibe nokuwohloka komgogodla. Amapheya ase-Asia, noma kunjalo, kufanele ashiywe esihlahleni aze avuthwe ngokugcwele.
Ukuqeqesha amagatsha amancane abe yi-engeli engama-degree angu-45 kwakha isakhiwo esiqinile esingasekela imithwalo esindayo yezithelo
Ukuqonda Impova yePear Tree Yezingadi Zasekhaya
Izinhlobo eziningi zamapheya zidinga ukudluliswa kwempova kolunye uhlobo oluhambisanayo ukuze kukhiqizwe izithelo. Ukuqonda izidingo zempova kubalulekile ekuvuneni okuyimpumelelo.
| Izinhlobonhlobo | Uzivundile? | Ama-Pollinators Amahle | Isikhathi Sokuqhakaza |
| Bartlett | Cha | Bosc, Moonglow, Seckel | Phakathi nesizini |
| Warren | Ingxenye | Kieffer, Orient | Maphakathi kuya ngasekupheleni |
| I-Mounglow | Cha | Bartlett, Seckel | Phakathi nesizini |
| Isi-Hosui (Asian) | Cha | Shinko, Chojuro, Giant Korean | Phakathi nesizini |
| Isi-Shinko (Asian) | Cha | UHosui, uMdondoshiya waseKorea | Phakathi nesizini |
| Kieffer | Ingxenye | Orient, Warren | Ekuqaleni kuya phakathi nendawo |
Ithiphu Yempova
Ukuze uthole isethi yezithelo ezinhle kakhulu, tshala okungenani izinhlobo ezimbili ezihambisanayo eziqhakaza ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngisho nezinhlobo ezizivundile ngokwengxenye zizokhiqiza izitshalo ezingcono ngozakwethu wempova. Uma isikhala sincane, cabanga ukutshala isihlahla samapheya esixhunywe kaningi esinezinhlobonhlobo ezihambisanayo kusiphunzi esisodwa.
Izinyosi zingabathumbi bempova ababalulekile ezihlahleni zamapheya - ukutshala izimbali ezilungele izinyosi eduze kungathuthukisa isethi yezithelo.
Ukuvuna Nokujabulela Amapheya Engadini Yakho Yasekhaya
Ukwazi ukuthi ungavunwa nini futhi kanjani amapheya kubalulekile ukuze uwajabulele ekunambithekeni kwawo okuphezulu. Amapheya ase-Europe nase-Asia anezidingo ezahlukene zokuvuna.
Ukuvuna Amapheya AseYurophu
Ngokungafani nezithelo eziningi, amapheya aseYurophu kufanele avunwe lapho evuthiwe kodwa eqinile, bese evuthwa esihlahleni. Izimpawu zokuvuthwa zihlanganisa:
- Umbala wesikhumba ukhanya usuka koluhlaza okotshani uye ethunzini olulula
- Ama-Lenticel (amachashazi amancane esikhumbeni) ashintsha ukusuka kumhlophe ukuya kunsundu
- Iziqu zezithelo ziqala ukuhlukana kalula negatsha lapho isithelo siphakanyiswa futhi sisontekile
- Imbewu ibe nsundu
Ngemva kokuvuna, vuthwa amapheya aseYurophu ekamelweni lokushisa (65-75 ° F). Ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo, ukuvuthwa kungathatha izinsuku ezingama-3-10. Isithelo sesilungele ukudliwa uma sithela kancane ekucindezelweni okuthambile ekugcineni kwesiqu.
Ukuvuna Amapheya ase-Asia
Ngokungafani nezinhlobo zaseYurophu, amapheya ase-Asia kufanele avunyelwe ukuvuthwa ngokugcwele esihlahleni. Sezilungele ukuvuna lapho sezifinyelele usayizi ogcwele futhi zithuthukisa umbala wazo (ngokuvamile onsundu osagolide). Amapheya ase-Asia azoba mnandi futhi abe namanzi uma esevuthiwe, afana nokuthungwa kwe-apula.
Ukusheshisa Ukuvuthwa
Ukusheshisa ukuvuthwa, faka amapheya aseYurophu esikhwameni sephepha ngebhanana elivuthiwe noma i-apula. Igesi ye-ethylene ekhiqizwa yilezi zithelo izosheshisa inqubo yokuvuthwa. Hlola nsuku zonke ukuvuthwa.
Isiphetho
Ukutshala amapheya engadini yakho yasekhaya kunikeza umuzwa ozuzisayo ngezimbali ezinhle entwasahlobo kanye nezithelo ezimnandi ngasekupheleni kwehlobo nasekwindla. Ngokukhetha izinhlobo ezifanelana nesimo sezulu sakho, ucabangela ukumelana nezifo, nokuqonda izidingo zokuvunwa kwempova, ungajabulela isivuno esiningi iminyaka eminingi.
Kwabaqalayo, izinhlobo ezimelana nezifo ezifana ne-Warren, Moonglow, ne-Shinko zinikeza ithuba elingcono kakhulu lempumelelo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinomswakama lapho ukushaqeka komlilo kungaba yinkinga. Uma isikhala sincane, cabangela izinhlobo ezincanyana noma izinketho zokuzivundisa kancane njenge-Warren noma i-Kieffer.
Khumbula ukuthi izihlahla zamapheya zihlala isikhathi eside - izihlahla eziningi ezikhiqizayo zineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50 ubudala - ngakho-ke khetha izinhlobo okujabulela ngempela ukuzidla. Ngokunakekela nokunakekelwa okufanele, izihlahla zakho zamapheya zizohlinzeka ngobuhle nokunensa ezizukulwaneni ezizayo.
Ukufunda Okuqhubekayo
Uma ukujabulele lokhu okuthunyelwe, ungaphinda uthande lezi ziphakamiso:
- Izinhlobo eziphezulu zama-apula nezihlahla okufanele zikhule engadini yakho
- Izinhlobo Ezingcono Kakhulu Ze-Cherry Ongazikhulisa Engadini Yakho
- Imifino Ephezulu Eyi-10 Enempilo Kakhulu Engakhula Engadini Yakho Yasekhaya