Shuka Broccoli Naku: Jagora ga Masu Lambun Gida
Buga: 25 Nuwamba, 2025 da 22:56:14 UTC
Broccoli shine gidan abinci mai gina jiki wanda ke ba wa masu lambu gida kyauta da kayayyun kawuna masu daɗi idan sun girma daidai. Duk da yake yana da suna don kasancewa ɗan ƙalubale, fahimtar takamaiman bukatunsa da lokacinsa zai taimaka muku girma girbi mai yawa.
Growing Your Own Broccoli: A Guide for Home Gardeners
Wannan jagorar tana bi da ku ta kowane mataki na girma broccoli cikin nasara, daga zaɓar nau'ikan da suka dace zuwa girbi a daidai lokacin don ingantaccen dandano da abinci mai gina jiki.
Fahimtar Broccoli: Amfanin Lokacin sanyi
Broccoli yana bunƙasa a cikin yanayi mai sanyi kuma yana samar da kawunan masu gina jiki mai cike da bitamin da ma'adanai
Broccoli (Brassica oleracea, Italic Group) na cikin dangin kabeji tare da farin kabeji, Kale, da Brussels sprouts. A matsayin amfanin gona mai sanyi, yana aiki mafi kyau lokacin da yanayin zafi ke kewayo tsakanin 65°F da 70°F (18°C zuwa 21°C). Babban rabon da muke girbe shine ainihin kan furen kafin ya yi fure, yana yin lokaci mai mahimmanci don nasara.
Broccoli da aka girma a gida yana ba da abinci na musamman, wanda ya ƙunshi manyan matakan bitamin C, bitamin K, fiber, da antioxidants masu amfani. Itacen yana samar da kai na tsakiya (kambi) da farko, sannan kuma ƙananan harbe na gefen da ke ci gaba da samarwa har tsawon makonni bayan babban girbi, yana ba ku girbi da yawa daga shuka guda ɗaya.
Fahimtar abubuwan da ake so na broccoli shine mabuɗin nasara. Zai iya jure wa sanyi sanyi amma zai toshe (flower da wuri) lokacin da yanayin zafi ya tashi sama da 80 ° F (27 ° C). Wannan yanayin zafin jiki yana sanya lokacin da ya dace da zaɓi iri-iri masu mahimmanci don samun nasarar girbi.
Mafi kyawun nau'ikan Broccoli don lambun ku
Zaɓin nau'in broccoli da ya dace don yanayin ku da lokacin girma yana tasiri sosai ga nasarar ku. Anan ga wasu nau'ikan da suka fi yin aiki don yanayi daban-daban:
Dabarun Shuka bazara
- Green Magic - Haƙuri mai zafi tare da shuɗi-koren shuɗi masu matsakaici, manufa don yankuna tare da maɓuɓɓugan ruwa.
- Packman - Farkon balagagge (kwanaki 55) tare da uniform, manyan kai da samar da ingantaccen harbin gefe
- Gypsy - iri-iri na tsakiyar kakar tare da kyakkyawan jurewar zafi, cikakke don yanayin bazara mara tabbas
Dabarun Shuka Faɗuwa
- Arcadia - Late-maturing tare da kananan domed shugabannin, da kyau ga fall samar da sanyi haƙuri
- Marathon - Late-maturing tare da shuɗi-koren shugabannin, yana tsaye da kyau zuwa yanayin sanyi
- Calabrese - Gado iri-iri tare da manyan kawuna da manyan harbe-harbe, masu kyau don dasa shuki
Nau'in Kwantena-Friendly
- Waltham 29 - Ƙananan tsire-tsire masu kawuna 4-8, manufa don kwantena akalla inci 18 mai zurfi
- De Cicco - gadon Italiyanci wanda ke samar da ƙananan kawuna masu yawa maimakon babban kai ɗaya
- Green Goliath - Mai jure zafi tare da manyan kawuna da manyan harbe-harbe, wanda ya dace da girmar akwati
Lokacin zabar iri, yi la'akari da yanayin yanayi na gida da yanayin yanayin yanayi. Iri masu jure zafi suna da mahimmanci ga yankuna masu zafi, yayin da nau'ikan jure sanyi suna yin mafi kyau a wuraren da sanyin farko. Don ƙarin girbi, shuka iri iri-iri tare da lokutan maturation daban-daban.
Shirya Ƙasar ku don Broccoli
Broccoli yana bunƙasa a cikin ƙasa mai dausayi mai kyau tare da yalwar kwayoyin halitta
Broccoli abinci ne mai nauyi wanda ke buƙatar ƙasa mai wadataccen abinci don samar da kawuna masu ƙarfi. Shirye-shiryen ƙasa mai kyau yana da mahimmanci don nasara:
Abubuwan Bukatun Kasa
- Matsayin pH: Broccoli ya fi son ɗan acidic zuwa ƙasa tsaka tsaki tare da pH tsakanin 6.0 da 7.0. Gwada ƙasa kuma ƙara lemun tsami idan an buƙata don tayar da pH ko sulfur don rage shi.
- Tsarin Ƙasa: Ƙasar da ke da ruwa mai kyau yana da mahimmanci don hana rushewar tushen. Broccoli yana girma mafi kyau a cikin ƙasa mai laushi wanda ke riƙe da danshi ba tare da ya zama ruwa ba.
- Kwayoyin Halitta: Haɗa inci 2-4 na takin ko taki mai ruɓewa a cikin ƙasa kafin shuka don inganta haihuwa da tsari.
Ana Shirya Yankin Shuka
- Share yankin ciyawa da tarkace.
- Tona ƙasa zuwa zurfin 8-12 inci, karya duk wani yanki da aka haɗa.
- Mix a cikin inci 2-4 na takin ko taki mai tsufa.
- Ƙara daidaitaccen taki bisa ga umarnin kunshin.
- Rake wurin santsi da ruwa sosai kafin dasa.
Don girmar ganga, yi amfani da cakuda tukunyar tukwane mai inganci wanda aka wadatar da takin. Kwantena ya kamata su kasance aƙalla zurfin inci 18 da faɗi don ɗaukar babban tsarin tushen broccoli da samar da kwanciyar hankali ga ciyayi masu nauyi.
Tukwici na Juyawa amfanin gona: Guji dasa shuki inda sauran brassicas (kabeji, farin kabeji, Kale, da sauransu) suka girma a cikin shekaru uku da suka gabata don hana kamuwa da cuta a cikin ƙasa.
Tsarin Shuka don Nasara Broccoli
Daidaitaccen lokaci da tazara suna da mahimmanci don nasarar broccoli
Lokaci shine komai lokacin girma broccoli. Tun da lokacin sanyi ne na amfanin gona wanda ke daɗe da zafi, tsara jadawalin dasa shuki a kusa da yanayin yankinku yana da mahimmanci:
| Yankin Yanayi | Shuka bazara | Shuka Shuka | Kwanaki zuwa Balaga |
| Sanyi (Yanki na 3-5) | Fara tsaba a cikin gida makonni 6-8 kafin sanyi na ƙarshe; dashi 2-3 makonni kafin sanyi na ƙarshe | Shuka kai tsaye a tsakiyar lokacin rani (Yuni-Yuli) | 60-85 kwanaki |
| Matsakaici (Yanki na 6-7) | Fara tsaba a cikin gida makonni 8-10 kafin sanyi na ƙarshe; dashi 3-4 makonni kafin sanyi na ƙarshe | Fara tsaba a cikin gida a watan Yuli; dashi a watan Agusta | 55-80 kwanaki |
| Dumi (Yanki na 8-10) | Fara tsaba a cikin Janairu; dashi a watan Fabrairu | Fara tsaba a watan Agusta; dashi a watan Satumba | 50-75 kwanaki |
Bukatun Tazara
- Tsakanin Tsire-tsire: Tsire-tsire na broccoli sarari 18-24 inci baya don ba da damar yaduwar iska mai kyau da daki don girma.
- Tsakanin Layuka: Ba da izinin inci 24-36 tsakanin layuka don samun sauƙi da kulawa.
- Zurfin: Shuka tsire-tsire mai zurfi fiye da yadda suke a cikin kwantena, tare da mafi ƙanƙan ganye sama da matakin ƙasa.
Mafi kyawun Yanayin Girma don Broccoli
Abubuwan Bukatun Hasken Rana
Broccoli yana buƙatar cikakken rana don haɓaka da kyau, wanda ke nufin akalla sa'o'i 6-8 na hasken rana kai tsaye a kowace rana. A cikin yanayi mai zafi, wasu inuwar rana na iya taimakawa hana bolting lokacin dashen bazara.
Bukatun Ruwa
Danshi mai daidaituwa yana da mahimmanci ga broccoli. Samar da inci 1-1.5 na ruwa mako-mako, kiyaye ƙasa daidai da ɗanɗano amma ba ruwa. Ruwa a gindin tsire-tsire don kiyaye ganye da masu tasowa a bushe, wanda ke taimakawa wajen hana cututtuka.
Yanayin Zazzabi
Broccoli yana girma mafi kyau lokacin da yanayin zafi ya tsaya tsakanin 65 ° F da 70 ° F (18 ° C zuwa 21 ° C). Zai iya jure sanyi mai haske amma zai rufe lokacin da yanayin zafi ya wuce 80°F (27°C). Yi amfani da murfin layi don karyewar sanyi mara tsammani.
Ciki don Nasara
Aiwatar da 2-3 inch Layer na Organic ciyawa (bambaro, shredded ganye, ko ciyawa clippings) kusa da broccoli shuke-shuke zuwa:
- Ajiye danshin ƙasa
- Murkushe ci gaban ciyawa
- Daidaita zafin ƙasa
- Ƙara kwayoyin halitta kamar yadda ya rushe
Taki Tsiren Broccoli
Ciyar da abinci na yau da kullun yana taimaka wa broccoli haɓaka manyan kawunansu masu gina jiki
Broccoli shine mai ciyarwa mai nauyi wanda ke buƙatar daidaiton abinci mai gina jiki a duk tsawon lokacin girma. Jadawalin hadi da ya dace yana tabbatar da ingantattun ciyayi da manyan kawuna masu daɗi:
Jadawalin Hakin Halitta
| Matsayin Girma | Nau'in Taki | Yawan aikace-aikace | Hanya |
| Kafin Shuka | Takin zamani ko taki | 2-4 inci ya yi aiki a cikin ƙasa | Mix sosai a saman 8-12 inci na ƙasa |
| Lokacin dasawa | Daidaitaccen taki (5-5-5) | Kamar yadda aka umurce a kan kunshin | Mix a cikin rami dasa |
| Makonni 3 Bayan Dasawa | High-nitrogen Organic taki | 1/2 kofin kowace shuka | Rigar gefe 4 inci daga kara |
| Samuwar Shugaban | Liquid kifi emulsion ko takin shayi | Kamar yadda aka umurce a kan kunshin | Aiwatar zuwa ƙasa kusa da tushen shuka |
Zaɓuɓɓukan Taki Na Halitta
- Takin: Yana ba da sinadirai masu saurin sakin jiki da inganta tsarin ƙasa
- Kifi Emulsion: Saurin sakin nitrogen tushen manufa don haɓaka girma
- Abincin Alfalfa: Daidaitaccen abinci mai gina jiki tare da abubuwan haɓaka haɓaka
- Abincin Jini: Babban-nitrogen zaɓi don ci gaban ganye (amfani da ɗan lokaci)
- Takin Tea: Taki mai ruwa wanda kuma yana ƙara ƙwayoyin cuta masu amfani
Tsanaki: wuce gona da iri da takin nitrogen na iya samar da ganyen ganye a cikin kudin samuwar kai. Bi ƙimar aikace-aikacen a hankali kuma rage nitrogen da zarar kawunan ya fara farawa.
Sarrafa Kwari da Cututtuka ta Halitta
Kwari masu fa'ida kamar ladybugs abokan tarayya ne masu kima a cikin sarrafa kwaro
Broccoli na iya jawo hankalin kwari da cututtuka da yawa, amma tare da sarrafa kwayoyin halitta, zaku iya kare amfanin gona ba tare da sinadarai masu cutarwa ba:
Kwari na gama gari
- Tsutsotsin Kabeji: Koren caterpillars masu tauna ramukan ganye. Sarrafa tare da fesa Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) ko ta hanyar ɗaukar hannu.
- Aphids: ƙananan kwari waɗanda suke tari akan ganye da mai tushe. Sarrafa da ruwa mai ƙarfi, sabulun kwari, ko ta jawo kwari masu amfani.
- Flea Beetles: Ƙananan ƙwaro masu tsalle waɗanda ke haifar da ƙananan ramuka a cikin ganye. Sarrafa tare da murfin layi ko ƙasa diatomaceous.
- Kabeji Tushen Maggots: Larvae masu cin tushen tushen. Hana tare da kwalaben kwali a kusa da mai tushe na shuka da jujjuya amfanin gona.
Cututtuka na kowa
- Clubroot: Cututtukan fungal yana haifar da kumbura, gurɓataccen saiwoyi. Hana tare da jujjuya amfanin gona da kiyaye pH ƙasa sama da 6.8.
- Black Rot: Cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta suna haifar da raunin rawaya mai siffar V akan gefuna na ganye. Hana tare da tsaftataccen tsaba da kayan aiki, da jujjuyawar amfanin gona mai kyau.
- Downy Mildew: Ciwon Fungal yana haifar da facin rawaya a saman saman ganye da launin toka a ƙasa. Hana tare da kyakkyawan yanayin iska da kuma guje wa shayarwa sama da ƙasa.
- Alternaria Leaf Spot: Cutar fungal yana haifar da aibobi masu duhu tare da zoben da aka tattara. Sarrafa tare da tazara mai kyau da cire ganyen da aka shafa.
Dabarun rigakafi
- Yi amfani da murfin layi nan da nan bayan dasa shuki don hana samun damar kwari
- Yi aikin jujjuya amfanin gona, guje wa dasa shuki brassicas a wuri guda na shekaru 3-4
- Shuka kayan lambu kamar Dill, Rosemary, da thyme don korar kwari
- Kula da tazarar da ta dace don kyakkyawan yanayin yanayin iska
- Ruwa a gindin shuke-shuke don kiyaye foliage bushe
Girbi Broccoli don Kololuwar dandano
Girbi broccoli lokacin da kan ya tsaya tsayin daka kuma buds suna da matsewa
Sanin lokacin da yadda ake girbi broccoli yana da mahimmanci don mafi kyawun dandano da ci gaba da samarwa. Lokacin girbin ku na iya tasiri sosai ga dandano da laushi.
Lokacin girbi
- Girbi babban kan lokacin da ya girma sosai amma kafin furen fure ya fara rabuwa ko nuna rawaya
- Nemo tsattsauran gungu na ƙananan buds masu launin kore mai zurfi ko launin shuɗi-kore
- Manyan kawunan suna auna inci 4-8 a diamita, dangane da iri-iri
- Safiya shine lokacin girbi mafi kyau lokacin da tsire-tsire suke da ruwa mai kyau kuma a mafi kyawun su
Yadda ake Girbi
- Yi amfani da wuka mai kaifi don yanke babban tushe a kusurwa kusan inci 5-6 ƙasa da kai
- Bar shuka a wuri bayan girbi babban kai
- Ci gaba da ruwa da kuma takin sauran shuka
- Girbi gefen na biyu yana harbe yayin da suke girma, yawanci 1-2 inci a diamita
- Harshen gefe na iya ci gaba da samarwa na makonni ko ma watanni bayan babban girbi
Bayan girbi babban kan, harbe na gefe za su ci gaba da haɓaka don ƙarin girbi
Tukwici na Girbi: Idan kun lura da ƙananan buds sun fara rabuwa ko nuna furanni rawaya, girbi nan da nan ba tare da la'akari da girmansa ba. Da zarar fure ya fara, ɗanɗanon ya zama mai ɗaci kuma rubutun yana raguwa da sauri.
Ajiye da adana Girbin Broccoli ku
Adana da ya dace yana kula da ɗanɗanon broccoli, laushi, da ƙimar sinadirai
Fresh broccoli yana cikin kololuwar abinci mai gina jiki nan da nan bayan girbi. Ingantattun hanyoyin adanawa da dabarun adanawa suna taimakawa kula da ingancinsa da haɓaka jin daɗin girbin ku:
Adana Na ɗan gajeren lokaci (Sabo)
- Refrigeration: Ajiye broccoli da ba a wanke ba a cikin jakar filastik mai raɗaɗi a cikin aljihunan firij na kwanaki 7-14
- Hydro-Cooling: Don matsakaicin sabo, sanya mai tushe a cikin kwalba da ruwa (kamar yanke furanni) da kuma rufe kawunansu da jakar filastik a cikin firiji.
- Hankalin Ethylene: Ka kiyaye broccoli daga 'ya'yan itatuwa masu samar da ethylene kamar apples, pears, da tumatir, wanda ke hanzarta lalacewa.
Hanyoyin Tsare Tsawon Lokaci
| Hanya | Shiri | Adana Rayuwa | Mafi Amfani |
| Daskarewa | Blanch na minti 2-3, sanyaya a cikin ruwan kankara, magudana, kuma daskare a cikin kwantena masu hana iska | 10-12 watanni | Miya, soyayye, casseroles |
| Haɗi | Yanke da ferment da gishiri brine (2% gishiri bayani) | 2-3 watanni a cikin firiji | Probiotic gefen tasa, condiment |
| Rashin ruwa | Blanch na minti 2, sanyi, da kuma rage ruwa a 125 ° F har sai kullun | Watanni 6-12 a cikin kwandon iska | Miyan, abincin zango, foda broccoli |
| Pickling | Blanch a takaice kuma adana a cikin vinegar brine tare da kayan yaji | 3-6 watanni a cikin firiji | Appetizers, charcuterie allo, abun ciye-ciye |
Shirya matsala Matsalolin Girman Broccoli gama gari
Gano matsalolin da wuri yana ba da damar shiga cikin lokaci
Hatta ƙwararrun lambu suna fuskantar ƙalubale lokacin da suke girma broccoli. Ga yadda ake ganowa da magance matsalolin gama gari:
Me yasa broccoli dina yake samar da ƙananan kawunansu ko "buttoning"?
Buttoning yana faruwa ne lokacin da tsire-tsire suka zama ƙanana, kawunan da ba su kai ba maimakon haɓaka masu girma. Yawanci yana faruwa ta hanyar:
- Damuwar zafi (bayyana yanayin zafi ƙasa da 40F na tsawan lokaci)
- Shuke girgiza ko tushen daure seedlings
- Karancin Nitrogen
Magani: Kare tsire-tsire masu tasowa daga sanyi tare da murfin layi, guje wa dasa shuki tushen tushen, da tabbatar da isasshen nitrogen a lokacin girma na ciyayi.
Me yasa ganyen broccoli na ke zama rawaya?
Yellowing ganye na iya nuna al'amura da dama:
- Kasan ganyen rawaya: tsufa na al'ada ko rashi nitrogen
- Yellow spots tare da ƙasa girma a ƙasa: Downy mildew
- Yellowing tare da takurewar girma: Mai yuwuwar kamuwa da tushen kundila
Magani: Don ƙarancin nitrogen, a yi amfani da taki mai yawan nitrogen. Don al'amurran da suka shafi fungal, inganta yanayin iska, kauce wa shayar da ruwa, da kuma cire ganyen da ya shafa. Don tushen tushe, daidaita pH na ƙasa zuwa sama da 6.8 kuma aiwatar da jujjuyawar amfanin gona.
Me yasa broccoli na ke yin fure da wuri (bolting)?
Furen da ba a kai ba yana faruwa lokacin da:
- Yanayin zafi koyaushe ya wuce 80°F
- Tsire-tsire suna fuskantar damuwa na ruwa
- Tsire-tsire sun wuce taga girbi na farko
Magani: Shuka a lokacin da ya dace don yanayin ku, yi amfani da ciyawa don kiyaye ƙasa da sanyi, samar da damshi mai tsayi, da girbi da sauri lokacin da kawunan ya girma. Don amfanin gona na bazara a cikin yanayi mai dumi, zaɓi nau'ikan da ba za su iya jurewa ba kuma samar da inuwar rana.
Menene ke haifar da mai tushe a cikin broccoli?
Karancin mai tushe yawanci suna haifar da:
- Girma mai sauri saboda yawan nitrogen
- Karancin boron a cikin ƙasa
- Rashin daidaito watering
Magani: Daidaita hadi tare da ƙarancin nitrogen da ƙarin potassium da phosphorus yayin da tsire-tsire suka girma. Don ƙarancin boron, a shafa ɗan ƙaramin borax (cokali 1 a kowace ƙafa 100) ko amfani da cikakkiyar takin mai gina jiki. Kula da damshin ƙasa daidai gwargwado.
Shuka Broccoli: Maɓallan Nasara
Tare da ingantaccen lokaci da kulawa, zaku iya jin daɗin girbin broccoli da yawa daga lambun ku
Shuka broccoli cikin nasara ya sauko don fahimtar takamaiman bukatunsa da kuma tsara lokacin shukar ku daidai da yanayin ku. Ka tuna waɗannan mahimman abubuwan don girbi mai yawa:
- Zaɓi nau'ikan da suka dace don lokacin girma da yanayin ku
- Shuka a mafi kyawun lokacin don guje wa matsanancin zafin jiki
- Shirya ƙasa tare da yalwar kwayoyin halitta da daidaitattun abubuwan gina jiki
- Kula da danshi mai daidaituwa da kare tsirrai daga kwari
- Girbi a lokacin da ya dace don ɗanɗano kololuwa da ci gaba da samarwa
Tare da kowace kakar girma, zaku sami gogewa kuma ku daidaita dabarun ku zuwa takamaiman yanayin lambun ku. Kada ka karaya da kalubale - har ma da ƙwararrun lambu a wasu lokuta suna fama da yanayin zafin broccoli. Ladan yankan sabo, kawuna masu gina jiki daga lambun ku yana sa ƙoƙarin ya dace.
Karin Karatu
Idan kuna jin daɗin wannan sakon, kuna iya kuma son waɗannan shawarwari:
- Mafi kyawun nau'ikan Cherry don girma a cikin lambun ku
- Mafi kyawun Bishiyar 'ya'yan itace da za a dasa a cikin lambun ku
- Girman Apricots: Jagora ga 'Ya'yan itace masu girma a gida