Shuka Asparagus: Cikakken Jagora ga Masu Noma a Gida

Sabbin mashin bishiyar asparagus suna fitowa daga ƙasa a cikin gadon lambu mai hasken rana. Danna ko danna hoton don ƙarin bayani.

Duk da cewa yana buƙatar haƙuri—za ku jira shekaru 2-3 kafin girbin farko—kaɗan daga cikin jarin lambu suna ba da irin wannan lada na dogon lokaci. Wannan jagorar za ta jagorance ku ta hanyar duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da noman bishiyar asparagus, tun daga zaɓar nau'in shuka zuwa dabarun girbi, yana taimaka muku kafa wurin da zai ciyar da ku na tsawon shekaru da yawa.

Me yasa ake shuka bishiyar asparagus ɗin ku?

Girman bishiyar asparagus ɗinku yana ba da fa'idodi da yawa masu ban sha'awa waɗanda ke sa jira na farko ya zama mai amfani:

• Sabuwa da ɗanɗano mara misaltuwa waɗanda bishiyar asparagus da aka saya a shago ba za su iya gasa da su ba
• Babban tanadin kuɗi akan lokaci idan aka kwatanta da siyayya a shagunan kayan abinci
• Cikakken iko kan hanyoyin noma, wanda ke ba da damar noman halitta
• Ganye masu kyau, masu kama da fern waɗanda ke ƙara darajar ado ga lambun ku
• Girbin farkon bazara idan wasu kayan lambu kaɗan suka shirya
• Ƙarancin kulawa da zarar an kafa shi

Sabbin mashin bishiyar asparagus suna da ɗanɗano wanda ba za a iya siyan sa a shago ba

Ana Bukatar Haƙuri: Bishiyar asparagus jari ne na dogon lokaci. Za ku buƙaci jira shekaru 2-3 kafin ku fara girbin farko, amma bayan haka gadon zai yi girma na tsawon shekaru 15-20+!

Zaɓar Iri-iri na Asparagus Mai Dacewa

Zaɓar nau'in bishiyar asparagus da ya dace da yanayin ku da abubuwan da kuke so yana da mahimmanci don samun nasara na dogon lokaci. Duk bishiyar asparagus ta lambu ta ƙunshi nau'in bishiyar Asparagus officinalis, amma nau'ikan iri daban-daban suna ba da fa'idodi daban-daban.

Tsire-tsire na namiji da mace

Wani muhimmin bambanci a cikin nau'in bishiyar asparagus shine ko suna samar da shuke-shuken namiji ko mace. Yawanci ana fifita shuke-shuken maza don samar da abinci saboda suna:

• Samar da ƙarin mashi tunda ba sa kashe kuzari wajen ƙirƙirar iri
• Kada a samar da iri da zai iya cika gadon
• Yawanci suna da tsawon rai mai amfani

Shuke-shuken mata suna samar da 'ya'yan itacen ja waɗanda, duk da cewa suna da kyau, suna karkatar da kuzari daga samar da mashi kuma suna iya shuka da kansu, suna haifar da cunkoson da ba a so.

Shahararrun Nau'in Asparagus

Farin Bishiyar Asparagus: Wannan ba wani nau'in bishiyar asparagus bane daban, amma bishiyar asparagus kore ce da ake nomawa ba tare da hasken rana ba. Ana rufe mashinan da ƙasa ko ciyawa yayin da suke fitowa, wanda hakan ke hana ci gaban chlorophyll. Sakamakon shine mashin mai laushi da taushi.

Iri uku na bishiyar asparagus—kore, shunayya, da fari—an shirya su gefe da gefe a kan saman katako. Danna ko danna hoton don ƙarin bayani.

Zaɓar Wuri da Shirye-shiryen Ƙasa

Tunda bishiyar asparagus na daɗe da daɗewa wanda zai mamaye wuri ɗaya tsawon shekaru da yawa, zaɓar wurin da ya dace yana da mahimmanci ga nasara ta dogon lokaci.

Bukatun Wuri Masu Kyau

• Hasken Rana: Cikakken rana (awanni 6-8 na hasken rana kai tsaye kowace rana)
• Wuri: Gefen arewa na lambun inda dogayen ferns ba za su yi wa wasu amfanin gona inuwa ba
• Nau'in ƙasa: Ƙasa mai laushi mai kyau
• PH na ƙasa: 6.5-7.0 (dan kadan acidic zuwa tsaka tsaki)
• Sarari: Wuri na dindindin wanda ba zai dame shi da wasu ayyukan lambu ba
• Kariyar sanyi: A guji wuraren da ke ƙasa inda sanyi ke tsayawa

Sabon gadon bishiyar asparagus da aka shirya tare da madaidaicin rami a tsakiya, kewaye da iyakokin katako da ƙasa mai laushi. Danna ko danna hoton don ƙarin bayani.

Matakai Shirye-shiryen Kasa

• Gwajin ƙasa: Yi gwajin ƙasa don tantance pH da matakan sinadarai. Daidaita pH zuwa 6.5-7.0 idan ya cancanta.
• Kawar da ciyawa: Cire duk wani ciyawar da ta daɗe tana tsirowa daga yankin da aka dasa. Wannan yana da matuƙar muhimmanci domin ciyawar tana da wahalar shawo kanta da zarar an kafa bishiyar asparagus.
• Noma mai zurfi: A yi amfani da ƙasa zuwa zurfin inci 12-15 don cire duwatsu da kuma wargaza layukan da aka taƙaice.
• Sinadaran Halitta: A haɗa taki mai inci 4-6, taki mai tsufa, ko wasu sinadarai na halitta a cikin ƙasa.
• Takin zamani: A ƙara taki mai daidaito (10-10-10) a cikin adadin fam 1-1.5 a kowace murabba'in ƙafa 100.
• Tsarin gado: Yi gadaje masu tsayi idan magudanar ruwa ce abin damuwa. Ya kamata gadaje su kasance faɗin ƙafa 4 don ɗaukar layuka biyu na shuke-shuke.

Muhimmi: Ka ɗauki lokaci ka shirya gadon bishiyar asparagus ɗinka sosai kafin ka dasa. Yana da matuƙar wahala a gyara matsalolin ƙasa bayan an kafa shuke-shuken.

Hanyoyin Shuka: Rawanin da Tsaba

Ana iya shuka bishiyar asparagus daga ko dai kambi (tushen shekara 1) ko tsaba, kodayake yawancin lambu suna son kambi don samun sakamako mai sauri.

Shuka daga Kambi

Shuka daga kambi ita ce hanya mafi shahara domin tana ba ku damar fara shuka shekara ɗaya idan aka kwatanta da iri.

Yaushe za a Shuka Kambi

• Shuka a farkon bazara, makonni 2-4 kafin ranar sanyi ta ƙarshe
• Ya kamata zafin ƙasa ya zama aƙalla 50°F (10°C)
• A yankuna masu ɗumi (yankuna 8-10), shukar kaka ma tana yiwuwa

Yadda Ake Shuka Kambi

1. Tona ramuka masu faɗin inci 12-18 da zurfin inci 6-8
2. Ramin rami mai faɗi ƙafa 3-4 tsakanin juna idan aka dasa layuka da yawa
3. Ƙirƙiri tudun ƙasa mai inci 2 a tsakiyar kowace rami
4. Jiƙa rawanin a cikin ruwa na minti 15-20 kafin dasa shuki
5. Sanya rawani a kan tudun inci 12-18 a tsakaninsu, kuna yada tushen daidai gwargwado
6. A rufe da inci 2 na ƙasa da farko
7. Yayin da mashi ke girma, a hankali a cika ramin a lokacin girma

Rawanin bishiyar asparagus a ƙasan ramin ƙasa tare da tushen da aka hura a waje. Danna ko danna hoton don ƙarin bayani.

Girma daga Tsaba

Farawa daga tsaba yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo amma yana iya zama mafi araha ga manyan shuke-shuke.

Tsarin Fara Iri

• Fara shuka iri a cikin gida makonni 12-14 kafin sanyi na ƙarshe
• Jiƙa iri a cikin ruwa na tsawon awanni 24 kafin a dasa
• Shuka iri ½ inci mai zurfi a cikin cakuda fara shuka iri
• A kiyaye zafin ƙasa na 70-85°F don tsirowa
• Dasa shuka a waje idan sun kai makonni 10-12
• Raba tsirrai a layuka tsakanin inci 12-18
• Yi tsammanin jira ƙarin shekara don girbi idan aka kwatanta da rawani

Fa'idodin rawanin

• Girbi cikin sauri (girbi shekara 1 da wuri)
• Babban ƙimar nasara ga masu farawa
• Rage gasa daga ciyayi yayin da ake kafawa
• Za a iya zaɓar nau'ikan maza duka don samun yawan amfanin ƙasa mafi girma

Fa'idodin Tsaba

• Ya fi araha ga manyan shuke-shuke
• Zaɓin iri-iri mai faɗi
• Babu girgizar dashen shuka
• Tsire-tsire suna girma a cikin takamaiman yanayin ƙasa tun daga farko

Tsoffin tsirrai masu siffar asparagus suna samar da gadon bazara mai kore. Danna ko danna hoton don ƙarin bayani.

Jagorar Kulawa ta Yanayi

Kulawa mai kyau a duk tsawon lokacin zai tabbatar da cewa bishiyar asparagus ɗinku ta kasance mai amfani tsawon shekaru da yawa.

Bukatun shayarwa

Danshi mai dorewa yana da mahimmanci, musamman a cikin shekaru biyu na farko na kafuwa.

• Sabbin dashen ƙasa: A kiyaye ƙasa mai danshi akai-akai amma ba tare da ruwa ya mamaye ta ba
• Tsire-tsire masu tushe: A samar da inci 1-2 na ruwa a kowane mako a lokacin bushewa
• Hanyar ban ruwa: Yi amfani da bututun ban ruwa na drip ko bututun soaker don guje wa jika ganyen
• Lokuta masu mahimmanci: Girman bazara da haɓakar fern na bazara suna buƙatar danshi mai ɗorewa

Jadawalin Haki

Dabarun Kula da Ciyawar

Kula da ciyawa yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga bishiyar asparagus, domin ciyawa tana fafatawa don samun abubuwan gina jiki kuma tana iya rage yawan amfanin gona sosai.

Hanyoyin Kula da Ciyawar Halitta

• Mulching: A shafa inci 4-6 na ciyawar da aka yi da ganye (bambaro, ganye, ko guntun itace)
• Cire ciyawa da hannu: A hankali a cire ciyawa da hannu, a guji lalata tushen bishiyar asparagus mara zurfi
• Lokaci: A shuka ciyawa kafin a fara shuka da kuma bayan an girbe
• Hanyar Gishiri: Wasu masu lambu suna amfani da fam 1 na gishiri a kowace murabba'in ƙafa 100 don magance ciyayi (a yi amfani da shi da taka tsantsan domin yana iya shafar ƙasa na dogon lokaci)

Mashin bishiyar asparagus suna fitowa daga gadon lambun da aka dasa bambaro don ingantaccen maganin ciyawa. Danna ko danna hoton don ƙarin bayani.

Kwari da Kula da Cututtuka

Duk da cewa bishiyar asparagus tana da juriya ga kwari, matsaloli da dama na iya shafar shuke-shuken ku. Ganowa da wuri da kuma shiga tsakani su ne mabuɗin kiyaye lafiyayyun shuke-shuke.

Kwari na gama gari

Ƙwarowar Asparagus

• Mashi da ferns masu tauna
• Najasa mai duhu a kan shuke-shuke
• Rufe gashin kai
• Mashin "makiyayi mai ɓoye" mai lanƙwasa
• Ƙwaro da tsutsotsi da aka yi da hannu
• Cire tarkacen tsire-tsire a lokacin kaka
• Shafa man neem ko sabulun kashe kwari
• Gabatar da kwari masu amfani kamar su ƙwari

Kusa da ɗan ƙwaro na bishiyar asparagus yana ci a saman mashin bishiyar asparagus kore a cikin gadon lambu. Danna ko danna hoton don ƙarin bayani.

Tsutsotsi masu yankan ciyawa

• An yanke mashi a ƙasa
• Lalacewa yawanci tana faruwa da daddare
• Sanya abin wuya na kwali a kusa da mashin da ke fitowa
• Aiwatar da ƙasa diatomaceous kewaye da tsire-tsire
• Tsutsotsi masu tsinke hannu da daddare da tocila

Tsutsotsi masu cin nama suna cin ƙaramin mashin bishiyar asparagus a cikin gadon lambu. Danna ko danna hoton don ƙarin bayani.

Aphids

• Gungun ƙananan kwari a kan ferns
• Ruwan zuma mai mannewa
• Girman da ya lalace
• Fesa da ruwa mai ƙarfi
• Shafa sabulun kashe kwari
• Gabatar da ladybugs ko lacewings

Kusa da ƙananan tsuntsayen aphids da aka tara a kan bishiyar asparagus kore a cikin gadon lambu. Danna ko danna hoton don ƙarin bayani.

Cututtuka na kowa

Tsatsar Asparagus

• Pustules masu launin ja-orange a kan tushe da ferns
• Rawaya kafin lokaci da kuma mutuwar ferns
• Rage kuzari da yawan amfanin ƙasa
• Nau'o'in da ke jure tsatsa ga tsirrai
• Inganta zagayawan iska
• Cire kuma lalata shuke-shuken da suka kamu da cutar
• A yi amfani da maganin fungicide na tushen sulfur

Bishiyar asparagus a cikin ƙasa tana nuna alamun tsatsa mai launin orange. Danna ko danna hoton don ƙarin bayani.

Tushen Fusarium/Ragewar Tushen

• Rashin girma
• Ferns masu launin rawaya ko wilting
• Canza launin tushen ja-kasa-kasa
• Rage samar da mashi
• Nau'ikan da ba sa jure wa shuka
• Tabbatar da kyakkyawan magudanar ruwa
• Kada a dasa shuki a yankunan da ke da tarihin fusarium
• Cire kuma lalata shuke-shuken da suka kamu da cutar

Shuke-shuken bishiyar asparagus da aka cire suna nuna mummunan lalacewar Fusarium da ruɓewar tushen a cikin gadon lambu. Danna ko danna hoton don ƙarin bayani.

Tabo Mai Shuɗi

• Raunuka masu launin shunayya a kan mashi
• Tabo masu launin ruwan kasa tare da iyakokin shunayya a kan ferns
• Rage yawan kasuwa na mashi
• Cire tarkacen fern a lokacin kaka
• Inganta zagayawan iska
• A guji ban ruwa a sama
• A shafa maganin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta na jan ƙarfe

Kusa da ƙananan mashin bishiyar asparagus a cikin ƙasa yana nuna raunuka masu launin shuɗi. Danna ko danna hoton don ƙarin bayani.

Rigakafi Shi Ne Mabuɗi: Mafi kyawun kariya daga kwari da cututtukan bishiyar asparagus shine rigakafi ta hanyar kyawawan hanyoyin al'adu: tazara mai kyau, isasshen zagayawa a iska, hanyoyin ban ruwa masu dacewa, da kuma tsaftace tarkacen tsire-tsire akai-akai.

Jadawalin Girbi Da Dabaru

Dabara mai kyau ta girbi da kuma lokacin girbi suna da mahimmanci don kiyaye lafiya da yawan amfanin gadon bishiyar asparagus ɗinku na dogon lokaci.

Girbi mashin bishiyar asparagus lokacin da suka kai santimita 6-10 a tsayi

Jadawalin Girbi

Hannun yanka mashin bishiyar asparagus a tsayin da ya dace a cikin gona. Danna ko danna hoton don ƙarin bayani.

Yadda ake Girbi Bishiyar Asparagus

Hanyar Yankewa

• Jira har sai mashi ya kai tsawon inci 6-10 kuma aƙalla kauri fensir
• Yi amfani da wuka mai kaifi don yanke mashin a matakin ƙasa ko kuma ƙasa da shi
• A yi hankali kada a lalata mashinan da ke fitowa kusa
• A tsaftace wukarka tsakanin yanka domin hana yaɗuwar cututtuka

Hanyar Ɗaukar Hoto

• Riƙe mashin sosai tsakanin babban yatsa da yatsan gaba
• Lanƙwasa mashin har sai ya karye ta halitta
• Mashi zai karye a daidai lokacin da tender ya haɗu da tauri
• Wannan hanyar tana kawar da buƙatar yanke ƙarshen itace daga baya

Kwatanta hanyoyin girbin bishiyar asparagus da aka yi amfani da su a gefe-gefe an nuna su a cikin gona. Danna ko danna hoton don ƙarin bayani.

Ajiya Bayan Girbi

• Amfani Nan Da Nan: Don samun ɗanɗano mafi kyau, a ci bishiyar asparagus cikin awanni 24 bayan girbi
• Ajiya na ɗan gajeren lokaci: A ajiye mashi a tsaye a cikin inci 1 na ruwa (kamar furanni a cikin tukunya) sannan a sanyaya a cikin firiji
• Firiji: Naɗe ƙarshen yanke a cikin tawul ɗin takarda mai ɗanɗano, a saka a cikin jakar filastik, sannan a adana a cikin aljihun tebur mai ƙyalli har zuwa mako 1
• Daskarewa: A shafa mashin na tsawon minti 2-3, a bar shi ya huce a cikin ruwan kankara, a tace, sannan a daskare a cikin kwantena masu rufewa da iska.

Muhimmi: A bar wasu 'yan mashi su girma su zama ferns bayan lokacin girbi ya ƙare. Waɗannan ferns ɗin za su samar da photosynthesis kuma su samar da kuzari ga amfanin gona na shekara mai zuwa.

Kulawa na Dogon Lokaci da Yawan Lokacin Damina

Kulawa mai kyau na dogon lokaci yana tabbatar da cewa gadon bishiyar asparagus ɗinku zai kasance mai amfani tsawon shekaru da yawa.

Ayyukan Kulawa na Shekara-shekara

Tsaftace Kaka

• Jira har sai ferns sun yi launin rawaya ko launin ruwan kasa gaba ɗaya bayan sanyi
• Yanke ferns zuwa stumps na inci 2
• Cire kuma lalata dukkan tarkacen shuka don hana cututtuka
• A shafa takin zamani ko taki mai tsawon inci 2 a ciki
• Ƙara inci 4-6 na ciyawa bayan ƙasa ta daskare (a cikin yanayi mai sanyi)

Shuke-shuken bishiyar asparagus a cikin kaka tare da ganyen rawaya masu kama da fern a cikin gadon lambu. Danna ko danna hoton don ƙarin bayani.

Sabuntawar Bazara

• Cire ciyawar hunturu yayin da ƙasa ke dumamawa
• A shafa taki mai kyau kafin a fara fitar da mashi
• Sarrafa ciyayi a farkon kakar wasa
• Duba kuma cire duk wani kambin da ya lalace ko ya kamu da rashin lafiya
• Sake cika ciyawa zuwa inci 2-3 bayan girbi

Gyaran Gado

Bayan shekaru 15-20, yawan amfanin bishiyar asparagus na iya raguwa. Yi la'akari da waɗannan zaɓuɓɓukan gyara:

• Gyaran wani ɓangare: Cire tsofaffin shuke-shuke, waɗanda ba su da amfani yayin da ake kula da waɗanda ke da lafiya
• Rabawa: A hankali a tono da kuma raba rawani a farkon bazara kafin a fara girma
• Cikakken maye gurbin gado: Fara sabon gado a wani wuri daban yayin da tsohon gado ke ci gaba da samarwa

Yawan hunturu a Yankunan Yanayi daban-daban

Sanyi (Yanki na 3-5)

• A yanka ferns bayan sun yi launin ruwan kasa gaba daya
• A shafa bambaro, ganye, ko wani ciyawa mai tsawon inci 4-6 bayan an daskare ƙasa
• Cire ciyawa a hankali a lokacin bazara yayin da ƙasa ke dumamawa

Matsakaici (Yanki na 6-7)

• A yanka ferns bayan sun yi launin ruwan kasa
• A shafa inci 2-3 na mulch
• Cire ciyawa a farkon bazara

Dumi (Yanki na 8-10)

• A yanka ferns idan sun yi launin ruwan kasa
• A shafa ciyawa mai laushi musamman don magance ciyawa
• A yankuna 9-10, ferns na iya zama kore duk shekara; kawai cire sassan da suka lalace.

Gado mai tsayi da aka rufe da ciyawar bambaro don kare hunturu. Danna ko danna hoton don ƙarin bayani.

Kurakurai da Aka Saba Yi Don Gujewa

Ko da ƙwararrun lambu na iya yin kuskure lokacin shuka bishiyar asparagus. Ga wasu tarkuna da ya kamata a guje wa:

• Girbi da wuri: Girbi a shekarar farko yana raunana shuke-shuke kuma yana rage yawan amfanin gona na dogon lokaci.
• Girbi da yawa: Shan fiye da yadda aka ba da shawara a farkon shekarun yana rage ajiyar kadarori
• Tazara mara kyau: Shuka rawani kusa da juna yana haifar da gasa da raguwar yawan amfanin ƙasa
• Shuka mara zurfi: Rashin dasa rawani mai zurfi yana haifar da raunin shuke-shuke da rashin ingancin mashi.
• Yin watsi da ciyawa: Barin ciyawa ta yi gogayya da bishiyar asparagus yana rage yawan amfanin gona sosai
• Yanke ferns da wuri: Cire ferns yayin da suke kore yana hana adana makamashi don kakar wasa mai zuwa
• Zaɓen wurin da bai dace ba: Zaɓar wurin da bai dace da hasken rana ko kuma rashin magudanar ruwa ba yana haifar da raunin shuke-shuke
• Rashin isasshen ciyarwa: Asparagus abinci ne mai yawa kuma yana buƙatar takin zamani akai-akai
• Yin watsi da pH: Rashin kula da pH mai kyau na ƙasa (6.5-7.0) yana shafar samuwar sinadaran gina jiki
• Rashin yin ciyawar da ba ta dace ba: Yawan ciyawar da ake yi a lokacin bazara na iya jinkirta fitowar mashi a cikin ƙasa mai sanyi.

Gadon bishiyar asparagus mai cike da mutane tare da mashi mai cike da ganyaye da kuma ganyayen da ke nuna gasa tsakanin tsirrai. Danna ko danna hoton don ƙarin bayani.

Kammalawa: Jin Daɗin 'Ya'yan Haƙurinka

Noman bishiyar asparagus yana buƙatar saka hannun jari na farko na lokaci da haƙuri, amma fa'idodin suna da yawa. Gadon bishiyar asparagus mai kyau zai iya samar da mashi mai daɗi da gina jiki na tsawon shekaru 15-20 ko fiye, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama ɗaya daga cikin kayan lambu mafi daraja a lambun ku.

Ka tuna cewa mabuɗin samun nasara yana cikin zaɓar wurin da ya dace, shirya ƙasa sosai, da kuma kamewa a cikin 'yan shekarun farko na girma. Ta hanyar bin ƙa'idodin da ke cikin wannan labarin da kuma guje wa kurakurai da aka saba yi, za ka kasance kan hanyarka ta jin daɗin girbin bishiyar asparagus mai yawa na shekaru masu zuwa.

Gamsar da ka samu daga girbin sabbin mashin bishiyar asparagus masu laushi a farkon bazara—sau da yawa kafin a shirya wasu kayan lambu—ya sa jira ya cancanci hakan. Farin cikin girma!

Kunshin mashin bishiyar asparagus kore mai launin kore da aka ɗaure da igiya a kan wani katako mai kama da na ƙauye. Danna ko danna hoton don ƙarin bayani.

Karin Karatu

Idan kuna jin daɗin wannan sakon, kuna iya kuma son waɗannan shawarwari:

• Girman Apricots: Jagora ga 'Ya'yan itace masu girma a gida
• Jagora don Haɓaka Mafi kyawun Figs a cikin lambun ku
• Jagoran Girman Alayyahu A cikin Lambun Gidanku