Cikakken Jagora Don Shuka Hazelnuts A Gida

Bishiyoyin hazelnut masu girma a cikin lambun gida mai ganye kore da tarin hazelnut masu tasowa da ke rataye daga rassan. Danna ko danna hoton don ƙarin bayani.

Ko da kuna da ƙaramin lambu ko kuma gonaki da yawa, hazelnuts na iya bunƙasa tare da kulawa da kyau. Wannan jagorar mai cikakken bayani za ta jagorance ku ta duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da noman hazelnuts, tun daga zaɓar nau'ikan da suka dace har zuwa girbi da sarrafa amfanin gonarku.

Fa'idodin Noman Gyadar Hazelnut ɗinka

Gyadar Hazelnut, wacce aka fi sani da filberts, tana ɗaya daga cikin bishiyoyin goro mafi kyau don noma a gida. Ba kamar sauran nau'ikan goro da yawa ba waɗanda za su iya ɗaukar shekaru goma ko fiye kafin a samar, gyadar Hazelnut tana fara yin 'ya'ya cikin shekaru 4-6 na shuka. Suna iya daidaitawa da yanayi daban-daban na ƙasa kuma, da zarar sun girma, suna buƙatar kulawa kaɗan idan aka kwatanta da bishiyoyin 'ya'yan itace da yawa.

Waɗannan goro masu amfani suna cike da sinadarai masu gina jiki, waɗanda ke ɗauke da kitse mai kyau, furotin, zare, bitamin, da ma'adanai. Noman goro naka yana tabbatar da samun sabbin goro marasa sinadarai waɗanda suka fi zaɓuɓɓukan dandano da sinadirai da ake saya a shaguna.

Fa'idodin Gyadar Hazel da aka Noma a Gida

• Fara yin goro cikin shekaru 4-6 kacal
• Mai dacewa da nau'ikan ƙasa da yanayi daban-daban
• Ana iya girma a matsayin bushes ko bishiyoyi masu tushe ɗaya
• Samar da amfanin gona mai gina jiki da daraja mai yawa
• Tallafa wa namun daji na gida da masu yin furen fure
• Ana buƙatar ƙarancin magungunan kashe kwari idan aka zaɓi nau'ikan da suka dace
• Za a iya haɗa shi cikin tsarin permaculture

Zaɓar Nau'in Hazelnut Da Ya Dace

Zaɓar nau'in hazelnut mai dacewa yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga nasara. Manyan nau'ikan hazelnut guda uku da za a yi la'akari da su sune hazelnut na Amurka (Corylus americana), hazelnut na Turai (Corylus avellana), da nau'ikan haɗin gwiwa. Zaɓinku ya kamata ya dogara ne akan yanayin ku, sararin da ake da shi, da manufofin girma.

Hoton shimfidar wuri na nau'ikan bishiyoyin hazelnut guda uku da ke nuna tsayin daka, murɗewa, da kuma ganyen shunayya tare da tarin goro mai yawa a cikin gonar inabi. Danna ko danna hoton don ƙarin bayani.

Nau'ikan da aka ba da shawarar ta kowace yanki

Arewa maso Gabas da Tsakiyar Tsakiya

• Iri da kuma hybrids na Amurka
• 'Winkler' - Hardy Hybrid
• Zaɓuɓɓukan 'Grimo'
• Zaɓuɓɓukan UMHDI

Yankin Arewa maso Yammacin Pacific

• Nau'ikan Turai masu jure wa fari
• 'Jefferson'
• 'Yamhill'
• 'McDonald'

Yankunan Kudu

• Haɗin da ke jure zafi
• Nau'ikan 'yan asalin Amurka
• Zaɓaɓɓun nau'ikan Turai a Yankin 7-8

Zaɓar Wuri da Shirye-shiryen Ƙasa

Zaɓin Wuri Mai Kyau

Gyadar Hazel tana bunƙasa a wurare da ke samun akalla awanni 6-8 na hasken rana kai tsaye a kowace rana. Duk da cewa suna iya jure wa inuwa kaɗan, cikakken rana yana ƙara yawan samar da goro. Waɗannan shuke-shuke masu sauƙin daidaitawa suna girma sosai a cikin nau'ikan ƙasa daban-daban amma suna fifita ƙasa mai laushi mai kyau tare da pH tsakanin 6.0 da 7.0.

Lokacin zabar wurin shuka, yi la'akari da girman girman nau'in da kuka zaɓa. Hazelnuts na Amurka yawanci suna girma tsawon ƙafa 8-12 a cikin siffar daji, yayin da nau'ikan Turai na iya kaiwa ƙafa 14-16 a matsayin bishiyoyi masu tushe ɗaya. A bar isasshen tazara tsakanin tsirrai don zagayawa cikin iska da sauƙin girbi.

Muhimmi: Ana samun gurɓataccen goro ta hanyar iska, don haka a shuka aƙalla nau'ikan iri biyu masu jituwa a tsakanin ƙafa 50 tsakanin juna domin tabbatar da ingantaccen gurɓataccen goro da kuma samar da shi.

Wurin shuka hazelnut mai kyau tare da tudun ƙasa mai faɗi daidai gwargwado, layukan ciyawar bambaro, da alamomi a cikin yanayin karkara Danna ko danna hoton don ƙarin bayani.

Abubuwan Bukatun Kasa

• Ƙasa mai tsafta tana da matuƙar muhimmanci
• PH tsakanin 6.0 da 7.0 (dan kadan acidic zuwa tsaka tsaki)
• Ana fifita yanayin ƙasa mai loamy
• Matsakaicin ko babban abun ciki na kwayoyin halitta
• A guji wuraren da ruwa ya cika ko kuma yumbu mai nauyi ba tare da an gyara ba

Shirya Ƙasa

1. Gwada ƙasa don ƙayyade pH da matakan gina jiki
2. Share ciyayi da ciyawa daga wurin dasa shuki
3. Ƙara abubuwa masu rai kamar taki ko taki da aka tsufa don inganta tsarin ƙasa
4. Daidaita pH idan ya cancanta ta amfani da lemun tsami (don ɗagawa) ko sulfur (don ragewa)
5. Gyaran til zuwa saman inci 12 na ƙasa
6. Ƙirƙiri ƙaramin tudu a wuraren da babu magudanar ruwa mai kyau

Shuka Bishiyoyin Hazelnut ɗinka

Lokacin Shuka

Lokaci mafi dacewa don shuka gyada shine lokacin da suke barci. A mafi yawan yankuna, wannan yana nufin kaka ta ƙarshe bayan faɗuwar ganye ko farkon bazara kafin a fara fure. Dasa kaka yana ba da damar tushen ya bayyana kafin hunturu, yayin da dasa kaka yana aiki da kyau a yankunan da ke da hunturu mai tsauri.

Jagororin Tazara

Tazara mai kyau yana da matuƙar muhimmanci don samun ci gaba mai kyau da kuma ingantaccen samarwa. Ga gyada mai siffar daji, shuke-shuken sarari suna da ƙafa 4-6 a tsakanin layuka da ƙafa 8-10 tsakanin layuka. Ga gyada mai siffar bishiya, ƙara tazara zuwa ƙafa 15-20 tsakanin bishiyoyi a kowane bangare.

Idan za ku ƙirƙiri shinge, ku shuka tsire-tsire a sarari tsakanin ƙafa 4-5 a jere ɗaya. Ga shuke-shuken kasuwanci, yawanci tazara tsakanin layuka tana kama daga ƙafa 12-15 don ɗaukar kayan aikin girbi.

Tsarin Shuka

1. Tona rami sau biyu faɗinsa kamar ƙwallon tushe kuma mai zurfi kamar haka
2. A hankali a cire shukar daga cikin akwati
3. A kwance duk wani saiwoyin da ke zagaye sannan a shimfiɗa su a waje
4. Sanya shukar a cikin ramin a daidai zurfin da take girma a baya
5. Cika ƙasa da ƙasa, a hankali a hankali don kawar da iska a cikin aljihun
6. Ƙirƙiri wurin shayarwa a kewaye da shukar
7. Ruwa sosai domin ƙasa ta lafa
8. A shafa inci 2-3 na ciyawa a kusa da shukar, a nisantar da ita daga gangar jikin shukar.

Shawara Mai Kyau: Idan ana shuka gyadar da ba ta da tushe, a jiƙa tushen a cikin ruwa na tsawon awanni 2-4 kafin a dasa don sake shayar da su. A yanke duk wani tushen da ya lalace kafin a saka shi a cikin ramin dasa.

Hotunan da aka ɗauka matakai shida suna nuna yadda ake shuka ƙaramin bishiyar hazelnut, tun daga haƙa ramin zuwa ban ruwa da kuma ciyawar bishiyar. Danna ko danna hoton don ƙarin bayani.

Kulawa na Zamani da Kulawa

Ruwa

Ban ruwa mai kyau yana da matuƙar muhimmanci, musamman a cikin shekaru biyu na farko bayan shuka. Ƙananan gyada suna buƙatar danshi mai ɗorewa don kafa tushen tushe mai ƙarfi. Da zarar sun girma, gyada suna jure fari kaɗan amma har yanzu suna amfana daga ban ruwa akai-akai a lokacin bushewa.

Haihuwa

Gyadar Hazel tana da ƙarancin buƙatar takin zamani idan aka kwatanta da yawancin bishiyoyin 'ya'yan itace. Yawan takin zamani na iya haifar da yawan tsiron ciyayi wanda ke haifar da asarar samar da goro.

Jadawalin Takin Zamani

• Shekara ta 1: A shafa takin zamani mai daidaito (kamar 10-10-10) a farkon bazara
• A shekara ta 2-3: A shafa taki a farkon bazara sannan a sake shafawa a ƙarshen bazara
• Tsire-tsire masu tushe: A shafa taki sau ɗaya a shekara a farkon bazara
• Adadi: 1/4 fam a kowace shekara, har zuwa matsakaicin fam 2

Madadin Halitta

• Takin: A shafa inci 1-2 a kusa da layin diga a kowace shekara
• Taki mai tsufa: A shafa a lokacin kaka domin a narkar da shi a lokacin hunturu
• Mulch: Ƙwayoyin itace ko ganye suna inganta ƙasa yayin da suke ruɓewa
• Rufe amfanin gona: Shuka tsakanin layuka don gyara nitrogen da gina ƙasa

Hotunan shimfidar wuri suna nuna ayyukan kula da bishiyoyin hazelnut na yanayi, gami da yanke lokacin hunturu, furen bazara, kula da lokacin rani, da kuma girbin goro na kaka. Danna ko danna hoton don ƙarin bayani.

Yankewa

Rage gyada ya dogara ne akan ko kuna noma su a matsayin bishiyoyi ko bishiyoyi masu tushe ɗaya. A kowane hali, burin shine a kiyaye tsarin buɗaɗɗen wuri wanda ke ba da damar iska mai kyau ta shiga da kuma shiga hasken rana.

Rage Tsarin Bushe

• Kula da manyan tushe 4-6 a kowace shuka
• Cire yawan tsotsar ruwa kowace shekara
• A yanke rassan da suka mutu, marasa lafiya, ko kuma waɗanda suka ratsa
• Ƙaramin girma na ciki don inganta zagayawar iska
• Mafi kyau a yi a lokacin hutun bazara

Rage Tsarin Bishiya

• Cire duk masu tsotsewa da ƙananan rassan
• Kula da shugaba na tsakiya tare da rassan siffa
• Rassa masu siriri don ƙirƙirar buɗaɗɗen rufi
• Cire duk wani rassan da ke girma a ciki
• A datse a ƙarshen hunturu kafin a fara fure

Hoton gefe da gefe yana nuna bishiyar hazelnut da ta girma kafin a yi wa girki da kuma irin bishiyar bayan an yi wa girki da kyau tare da rufin da aka buɗe da kuma ingantaccen tsari. Danna ko danna hoton don ƙarin bayani.

Sarrafa Kwari da Cututtuka

Gyadar Hazel na iya fuskantar ƙalubale da dama na kwari da cututtuka, amma tare da hanyoyin zaɓi iri da kuma kula da su yadda ya kamata, yawancin matsaloli za a iya magance su yadda ya kamata. Fahimtar matsalolin da aka saba fuskanta da kuma hanyoyin magance su zai taimaka muku kula da tsirrai masu lafiya da amfani.

Cututtuka na kowa

Jagorar gani da ke nuna cututtukan hazelnut da aka saba gani, ciki har da Eastern Filbert Blight, tabo na ganye, mildew powdery, anthracnose, da kuma cutar ƙwayoyin cuta tare da hotunan alamun da aka yiwa alama. Danna ko danna hoton don ƙarin bayani.

Kwari na gama gari

Kwari

• Tsutsar Filbert: A saka ido a kan tarkuna, a shafa maganin kwari masu dacewa idan ana buƙata.
• Filbert Aphid: Ƙarfafa kwari masu amfani, yi amfani da sabulun kashe kwari
• Hazelnut Weevil: Tattara da kuma lalata goro da suka faɗi, a shafa magungunan kashe kwari na halitta
• Kwari Masu Sauƙi: Yi amfani da feshin mai da ke barci, da kuma rassan da abin ya shafa a kan datse su.

Kwari na Dabbobi

• Kuraye: A girbe su da sauri, a yi amfani da shingayen zahiri
• Tsuntsaye: Raba raga, hana gani, da kuma girbi cikin gaggawa
• Barewa: Shinge mai tsawon ƙafa 8, mai hana ruwa gudu
• Voles/Bera: A bar yankin da ke kusa da gangar jikin ya kasance a rufe, a yi amfani da masu gadi

Gargaɗi: Lokacin amfani da kowace irin maganin kashe kwari, har ma da na halitta, koyaushe a bi umarnin lakabin a hankali kuma a shafa kawai lokacin da ya cancanta don rage tasirin kwari masu amfani da muhalli.

Girbi da Sarrafa Gyadar Hazelnut ɗinka

Lokacin girbi

Gyadar Hazel yawanci tana nuna a ƙarshen lokacin rani zuwa farkon kaka, ya danganta da yanayin da kake ciki da kuma nau'in da kake nomawa. Ku kula da waɗannan alamun shirye-shirye:

• Husks fara yin rawaya da launin ruwan kasa a gefuna
• Gyada tana fara faɗuwa daga bishiyoyi ta halitta
• Kernel yana canzawa daga fari zuwa launin kirim
• Kuraje yana canzawa daga kore zuwa launin ruwan kasa

Hanyoyin girbi

Girbin Hannu

Ga masu noman gida da ke da 'yan bishiyoyi kaɗan, girbin da hannu shine hanya mafi amfani. Za ku iya ko dai:

• Zabi goro kai tsaye daga rassan idan ƙurar ta fara yin launin ruwan kasa
• A shimfiɗa tarkuna a ƙarƙashin bishiyoyi sannan a girgiza rassan don tattara goro da ke faɗuwa
• Tara goro daga ƙasa kowace rana yayin da suke faɗuwa ta halitta

Girbin Injini

Ga manyan dasa shuki, zaɓuɓɓukan injiniya sun haɗa da:

• Masu tattara goro da hannu suna birgima a kan goro da suka faɗi
• Na'urorin girbin goro na musamman don ayyukan kasuwanci
• An gyara masu girbin blueberry don hazelnuts masu siffar daji

Matakan Sarrafawa

1. Husking: Cire husks na waje idan ba su riga sun rabu ba
2. Tsaftacewa: Kurkura goro don cire datti da tarkace
3. Busarwa: A shafa goro a wuri guda a wuri mai dumi da bushewa, tare da iska mai kyau ta zagayawa na tsawon makonni 2-3.
4. Warkewa: A bar goro ya warke na tsawon makonni 1-2 domin ya samu dandano mai daɗi
5. Fashewa: Yi amfani da na'urar busar da goro ko kayan aiki na musamman don cire harsashi
6. Rarrabawa: Raba ƙwayoyin halitta daga gutsuttsuran harsashi

Hoton shimfidar wuri yana nuna girbin gyada, rarrabawa ta inji, busarwa, da kuma adanawa a cikin wurin da ake noma gyada. Danna ko danna hoton don ƙarin bayani.

Ajiya

Hazelnuts da aka adana da kyau za su iya kiyaye ingancinsu na dogon lokaci:

Magance Matsalolin da Aka Fi So

Me yasa bishiyoyin hazelnut dina ba sa samar da goro?

Abubuwa da dama na iya shafar samar da goro:

• Shekaru: Bishiyoyi ba za su iya yin 'ya'ya ba sai sun kai shekara 4-6
• Gurɓatar da Dankali: Tabbatar cewa kuna da nau'ikan iri masu dacewa da aka shuka a kusa
• Hasken Rana: Rashin isasshen rana yana rage fure da kuma gyada
• Rage Itace: Rage Itace Mai Yawan Yi Zai Iya Cire Itacen Da Yake Amfani
• Abinci Mai Gina Jiki: Rashin daidaiton takin zamani na iya rage yawan amfanin gona

Ta yaya zan iya sarrafa tsotsar nono fiye da kima?

Hazelnuts na Amurka suna samar da abubuwa masu yawa da ke haifar da tsotsewar jiki. Don sarrafa su:

• A rage yawan danshi a lokacin girma
• Kula da manyan tushe 4-6 a kowace shuka
• A yanka shuke-shuke a kusa da su domin hana tsutsotsi da ke yaɗuwa a waje
• Don siffofin bishiyoyi, yi taka tsantsan game da cire duk masu tsotsewa

Me yasa gyadata babu komai ko kuma ba ta cika sosai ba?

Kwayoyi marasa komai (blanks) na iya faruwa sakamakon:

• Rashin kyawun fure saboda nau'ikan da ba su dace ba
• Damuwar muhalli yayin haɓakar goro
• Lalacewar kwari, musamman daga Filbert weevils
• Rashin sinadarin gina jiki a lokacin girma mai mahimmanci
• Damuwar fari yayin haɓakar ƙwayoyin halitta

Ta yaya zan kare ƙananan bishiyoyi daga lalacewar hunturu?

Hazelnuts matasa na iya fuskantar barazanar rauni a lokacin hunturu:

• A shafa inci 2-3 na ciyawa a kusa da tushe (ba tare da taɓa gangar jikin ba)
• Sanya masu tsaron bishiyoyi don hana lalacewar beraye
• A guji takin zamani a ƙarshen kakar wasa wanda ke ƙara girman jiki
• Yi la'akari da naɗe akwatunan a wurare masu sanyi
• Nau'in shuka da ya dace da yankin taurin ku

An nuna hotunan da aka yi amfani da su wajen nuna matsalolin da ake fuskanta wajen noman hazelnut kamar su cutar ganye, aphids, weevils na goro, moldy goro, karancin sinadarai masu gina jiki, da kuma rashin kyawun fure, tare da alamun gani da kuma shawarwarin mafita. Danna ko danna hoton don ƙarin bayani.

Kammalawa: Jin Daɗin Girbin Hazelnut ɗinku

Noman hazelnut a gida tafiya ce mai kyau wadda ke haɗa ku da tsohon tushen abinci tare da samar da girbi mai gina jiki na tsawon shekaru masu zuwa. Tare da zaɓar nau'ikan iri, shirya wurin, da kuma kulawa mai kyau, bishiyoyin hazelnut ɗinku na iya zama kayan aiki masu amfani a cikin shimfidar ku waɗanda ba sa buƙatar kulawa sosai da zarar an kafa su.

Ku tuna cewa haƙuri shine mabuɗi—yayin da gyada ke fara samarwa da wuri fiye da bishiyoyin goro da yawa, har yanzu yana ɗaukar shekaru da yawa kafin a sami cikakken girbi. Yi amfani da wannan lokacin don koyo game da bishiyoyinku, lura da yanayin girmarsu, da kuma daidaita hanyoyin kula da ku. Kowace shekara, za ku sami ƙwarewa mai mahimmanci wanda zai taimaka muku haɓaka girbinku a nan gaba.

Ko kuna noman gyada ne don jin daɗin kanku, ko don tallafawa namun daji na gida, ko kuma a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsarin abinci mai ɗorewa, ƙwarewa da ilimin da kuka haɓaka za su yi muku amfani sosai a duk ayyukanku na lambu. Ina farin cikin girma!

Teburin gargajiya yana nuna sabbin hazelnuts da aka girbe da ake amfani da su a salati, manyan abinci, kayan zaki, da kuma kayan miya, wanda ke nuna yadda suke da sauƙin dafa abinci. Danna ko danna hoton don ƙarin bayani.