Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Wokukhulisa Ama-Hazelnuts Ekhaya
Kushicilelwe: Januwari 12, 2026 15:27:47 UTC
Ukutshala ama-hazelnuts akho kungaba yinto ezuzisayo engadini yakho yasekhaya noma epulazini elincane. Lezi zihlahla zama-nut eziguquguqukayo azigcini nje ngokuhlinzeka ngesivuno esimnandi nesinomsoco kodwa futhi zisebenza njengezinto ezikhangayo ezisekela izilwane zasendle zasendaweni.
A Complete Guide to Growing Hazelnuts at Home
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unegceke elincane noma amahektha amaningana, ama-hazelnut angachuma ngokunakekelwa nokunakwa okufanele. Lo mhlahlandlela ophelele uzokuqondisa kukho konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nokulima ama-hazelnut, kusukela ekukhetheni izinhlobo ezifanele kuya ekuvuneni nasekucubunguleni isivuno sakho.
Izinzuzo Zokutshala Ama-Hazelnuts Akho
Ama-hazelnut, aziwa nangokuthi ama-filberts, aphakathi kwezihlahla zamantongomane ezivuza kakhulu ekulinyweni ekhaya. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo eziningi zamantongomane ezingathatha iminyaka eyishumi noma ngaphezulu ukukhiqiza, ama-hazelnut aqala ukuthela izithelo zingakapheli iminyaka engu-4-6 yokutshala. Ayakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezahlukahlukene zenhlabathi futhi, uma esezinzile, adinga ukunakekelwa okuncane uma kuqhathaniswa nezihlahla eziningi zezithelo.
Lawa mantongomane anezinto eziningi agcwele ukudla okunomsoco, aqukethe amafutha anempilo, amaprotheni, i-fiber, amavithamini, kanye namaminerali. Ukutshala awakho kuqinisekisa ukufinyelela kumantongomane amasha, angenamakhemikhali adlula kakhulu izinketho ezithengwa esitolo ngokunambitheka kanye nenani lokudla okunempilo.
Izinzuzo Zama-hazelnuts Akhuliswe Ekhaya
- Qala ukuthela amantongomane eminyakeni engu-4-6 kuphela
- Ivumelana nezinhlobo ezahlukene zenhlabathi nezimo
- Ingatshalwa njengezihlahla noma izihlahla ezinesiqu esisodwa
- Nikeza isivuno esinempilo nesibiza kakhulu
- Sekela izilwane zasendle zasendaweni kanye nezinambuzane ezithutha impova
- Kudingeka izibulala-zinambuzane ezincane uma kukhethwa izinhlobo ezifanele
- Kungafakwa ezinhlelweni ze-permaculture
Ukukhetha Izinhlobo Ezifanele Zama-Hazelnut
Ukukhetha izinhlobo ezifanele zama-hazelnut kubalulekile ukuze uphumelele. Izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko okufanele uzicabangele ama-hazelnuts aseMelika (i-Corylus americana), ama-hazelnuts aseYurophu (i-Corylus avellana), kanye nezinhlobo ezixubile. Ukukhetha kwakho kufanele kusekelwe esimweni sezulu sakho, indawo etholakalayo, kanye nezinhloso zokukhulisa.
| Uhlobo lwe-Hazelnut | Ukuzivumelanisa Nesimo Sezulu | Usayizi | Ukumelana Nezifo | Ikhwalithi Yamantongomane |
| UmMelika (C. americana) | Izindawo ze-USDA 4-9, ukuqina okuhle kakhulu kokubanda | Isakhiwo sesihlahla eside esingamamitha angu-8-12 | Ukumelana okuphezulu ne-Eastern Filbert Blight | Amantongomane amancane, ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu, amagobolondo amakhulu |
| IsiYurophu (C. avellana) | Izindawo ze-USDA 5-8, zithanda ubusika obuthambile | Isakhiwo somuthi omude esingamamitha angu-14-16 | Isengozini ye-Eastern Filbert Blight | Amantongomane amakhulu, amagobolondo amancane, ikhwalithi yokuhweba |
| Ama-hybrid | Izindawo ze-USDA 4-8, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo okuhle | 10-15 ft, izinhlobo eziguquguqukayo | Ukumelana okumaphakathi kuya kokuphezulu | Amantongomane aphakathi kuya kwamakhulu, ukunambitheka okuhle |
Izinhlobo Ezinconyiwe Ngokwesifunda
INyakatho-mpumalanga kanye neMidwest
- Izinhlobo zaseMelika kanye nezinhlobo ezixubile
- 'Winkler' - i-hybrid eqinile
- Ukukhetha kwe-'Grimo'
- Ukukhetha kwe-UMHDI
I-Pacific Northwest
- Izinhlobo zaseYurophu ezingamelani nokuvuvukala
- 'UJefferson'
- 'Yamhill'
- 'McDonald'
Izifunda zaseNingizimu
- Ama-hybrid abekezelela ukushisa
- Izinhlobo zamaNdiya aseMelika
- Izinhlobo zaseYurophu ezikhethiwe ku-Zone 7-8
Ukukhethwa Kwendawo Nokulungiswa Kwenhlabathi
Ukukhetha Indawo Ephelele
Ama-hazelnut achuma ezindaweni ezithola okungenani amahora angu-6-8 okukhanya kwelanga okuqondile nsuku zonke. Nakuba ekwazi ukubekezelela umthunzi oyingxenye, ilanga eligcwele likhulisa ukukhiqizwa kwamantongomane. Lezi zitshalo ezivumelana nezimo zikhula kahle ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zenhlabathi kodwa zithanda inhlabathi emanzi kahle ene-pH ephakathi kuka-6.0 no-7.0.
Uma ukhetha indawo yokutshala, cabanga ngobukhulu obuvuthiwe bezinhlobo ozikhethile. Ama-hazelnut aseMelika ngokuvamile akhula ngamafidi angu-8-12 ubude ngesimo sesihlahla, kanti izinhlobo zaseYurophu zingafinyelela amafidi angu-14-16 njengezihlahla ezinesiqu esisodwa. Vumela isikhala esanele phakathi kwezitshalo ukuze kujikelezwe umoya futhi kube lula ukuvuna.
Okubalulekile: Ama-hazelnut avundiswa umoya, ngakho-ke tshala okungenani izinhlobo ezimbili ezihambisanayo ngaphakathi kwamamitha angu-15 ukusuka komunye nomunye ukuqinisekisa ukuvundiswa okuhle nokukhiqizwa kwamantongomane.
Izidingo Zomhlaba
- Inhlabathi ekhipha amanzi kahle ibalulekile
- I-pH ephakathi kuka-6.0 no-7.0 (i-acidic kancane kuya kwe-neutral)
- Kukhethwa ukuthungwa kwenhlabathi enodaka
- Okuqukethwe kwezinto eziphilayo okumaphakathi kuya kokuphezulu
- Gwema izindawo ezinamanzi amaningi noma ubumba olunzima ngaphandle kokulungiswa
Ukulungisa Inhlabathi Yakho
- Hlola inhlabathi yakho ukuze uthole amazinga e-pH kanye nezakhamzimba
- Sula indawo yokutshala ukhula notshani
- Faka izinto eziphilayo ezifana nomquba noma umquba ogugile ukuze uthuthukise isakhiwo senhlabathi
- Lungisa i-pH uma kudingeka usebenzisa i-lime (ukuphakamisa) noma i-sulfur (ukwehlisa)
- Kuze kube nokulungiswa kwenhlabathi engamasentimitha angu-12 aphezulu
- Dala indunduma encane ezindaweni lapho amanzi angahambi kahle khona
Ukutshala Izihlahla Zakho Ze-Hazelnut
Nini Ukutshala
Isikhathi esifanele sokutshala ama-hazelnut yingesikhathi sokuphumula kwawo. Ezifundeni eziningi, lokhu kusho ukwehla kwekwindla ngemuva kokuwa kwamaqabunga noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuhluma kwamahlumela. Ukutshala ekwindla kuvumela izimpande ukuthi zimile ngaphambi kobusika, kanti ukutshala entwasahlobo kusebenza kahle ezindaweni ezinobusika obunzima.
Imihlahlandlela Yezikhala
Isikhala esifanele sibalulekile ekukhuleni okunempilo kanye nokukhiqizwa okuhle kakhulu. Kuma-hazelnut anjengesihlahla, faka isikhala sezitshalo eziqhelelene ngamafidi angu-4-6 ngaphakathi kwemigqa kanye namamitha angu-8-10 phakathi kwemigqa. Kuma-hazelnut anjengesihlahla, yandisa isikhala sibe ngamafidi angu-15-20 phakathi kwezihlahla kuzo zonke izinhlangothi.
Uma udala uthango, faka izitshalo endaweni eqhelelene ngamafidi angu-4-5 emgqeni owodwa. Ezitshalweni zezentengiselwano, isikhala ngokuvamile sisukela kumamitha angu-12-15 phakathi kwemigqa ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nemishini yokuvuna.
Inqubo yokutshala
- Bamba umgodi obanzi kabili kunebhola lempande futhi ujule ngendlela efanayo
- Susa isitshalo ngesineke esitsheni saso
- Khulula noma yiziphi izimpande ezizungezile bese uzisakaza ngaphandle
- Beka isitshalo emgodini ekujuleni okufanayo esasikhula ngakho ngaphambili
- Gcwalisa inhlabathi ngemuva, uyiqinise kancane ukuze ususe amaphakethe omoya
- Dala isitsha sokunisela esizungeze isitshalo
- Nisela kahle ukuze inhlabathi ihlale kahle
- Faka amasentimitha angu-2-3 e-mulch nxazonke zesitshalo, usigcine kude nesiqu
Icebiso Elihle: Uma utshala ama-hazelnut angenazimpande, cwilisa izimpande emanzini amahora ama-2-4 ngaphambi kokutshala ukuze uphinde uwafake emanzini. Sika noma yiziphi izimpande ezonakele ngaphambi kokuzifaka emgodini wokutshala.
Ukunakekela Nesondlo Sesizini
Ukunisela
Ukunisela okufanele kubalulekile, ikakhulukazi eminyakeni emibili yokuqala ngemva kokutshala. Ama-hazelnut amancane adinga umswakama oqhubekayo ukuze akhe izimpande eziqinile. Uma esezinzile, ama-hazelnut ayakwazi ukumelana nesomiso ngokulinganisela kodwa asazuza ekuniseleni njalo ngezikhathi zesomiso.
| Iminyaka Yezitshalo | Ukunisela Imvamisa | Inani | Amanothi |
| Unyaka wokuqala | Maviki onke | Amalitha angu-5-10 ngesitshalo ngasinye | Kubalulekile ekusungulweni |
| Unyaka wesibili | Njalo emavikini angu-1-2 | Amalitha angu-10-15 ngesitshalo ngasinye | Lungisa ngokusekelwe emvuleni |
| Isungulwe (iminyaka engu-3+) | Ngesikhathi sesomiso | Ukunisela okujulile njengoba kudingeka | Gxila endaweni yezimpande |
Ukuvundisa
Ama-hazelnut anezidingo ezincane zokufaka umanyolo uma kuqhathaniswa nezihlahla eziningi zezithelo. Ukufumisa ngokweqile kungaholela ekukhuleni ngokweqile kwezitshalo ngezindleko zokukhiqizwa kwamantongomane.
Uhlelo Lomanyolo
- Unyaka 1: Faka umanyolo wemvelo olinganiselayo (njengo-10-10-10) ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo
- Unyaka 2-3: Faka umanyolo ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo bese uphinda futhi ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo
- Izitshalo ezisunguliwe: Faka umanyolo kanye ngonyaka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo
- Ubuningi: 1/4 pound ngonyaka, kufika kumakhilogremu amabili ubuningi
Ezinye Izindlela Zemvelo
- Umquba: Faka amasentimitha angu-1-2 uzungeze umugqa wokuconsa minyaka yonke
- Umquba ogugile: Faka ekwindla ukuze uqhekeke ebusika
- I-Mulch: Ama-chips noma amaqabunga ezinkuni athuthukisa inhlabathi njengoba ebola
- Izitshalo zokumboza: Tshala phakathi kwemigqa ukuze ulungise i-nitrogen futhi wakhe inhlabathi
Ukuthena
Ukuthena ama-hazelnut kuncike ekutheni uwatshala njengezihlahla noma izihlahla ezinesiqu esisodwa. Kunoma yikuphi, umgomo ukugcina isakhiwo esivulekile esivumela ukujikeleza komoya okuhle kanye nokungena kwelanga.
Ukuthena Ifomu Lesihlahla
- Gcina iziqu eziyinhloko ezingu-4-6 ngesitshalo ngasinye
- Susa ama-suckers angaphezulu minyaka yonke
- Sika amagatsha afile, agulayo, noma ahlanganisiwe
- Ukukhula okuncane kwangaphakathi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukujikeleza komoya
- Kungcono kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuphumula
Ukuthena Ifomu Lesihlahla
- Susa wonke amahlumela namagatsha angaphansi
- Gcina umholi ophakathi enamagatsha e-scaffold
- Amagatsha amancane ukuze kwakheke uphahla oluvulekile
- Susa noma yimaphi amagatsha akhula ngaphakathi
- Sika ekupheleni kobusika ngaphambi kokuqhakaza kwamahlumela
Ukulawula Izinambuzane Nezifo
Ama-hazelnut angabhekana nezinselele eziningana zezinambuzane nezifo, kodwa ngokukhetha nokuphatha izinhlobo ezifanele, izinkinga eziningi zingalawulwa ngempumelelo. Ukuqonda izinkinga ezivamile kanye nezixazululo zazo kuzokusiza ukuthi ugcine izitshalo ezinempilo nezikhiqizayo.
Izifo Ezivamile
| Izifo | Izimpawu | Ukuvimbela | Ukwelashwa |
| I-Eastern Filbert Blight | Ama-canker amnyama emagatsheni, i-dieback, amaqabunga afile asele enamathele | Izinhlobo zezitshalo ezimelana nezitshalo, zigcina umoya ujikeleza kahle | Sika amagatsha athelelekile, sebenzisa i-copper fungicide |
| Ukulimala Kwamagciwane | Amabala amaqabunga, ihlumela elifile, ama-canker acwiliswe phansi | Gwema ukuchelela ngaphezulu, qinisekisa ukuthi amanzi ageleza kahle | Izifutho zethusi ngesikhathi sokuphumula |
| Ukubola kwezimpande | Amaqabunga aphuzi, ukukhula okunciphile, ukubuna | Tshala enhlabathini ekhipha amanzi kahle, gwema ukunisela ngokweqile | Thuthukisa ukugeleza kwamanzi, nciphisa ukuchelela |
Izinambuzane Ezivamile
Izinambuzane
- I-Filbert Worm: Qapha ngezicupho, sebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane ezifanele uma kudingeka
- I-Filbert Aphid: Khuthaza izinambuzane eziwusizo, sebenzisa insipho yokubulala izinambuzane
- I-Hazelnut Weevil: Qoqa futhi ubhubhise amantongomane awile, sebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane eziphilayo
- Izinambuzane Ezincane: Sebenzisa amafutha angasebenzi, nquma amagatsha athintekile
Izinambuzane Zezilwane
- Ama-squirrel: Vuna ngokushesha, sebenzisa izithiyo ezibonakalayo
- Izinyoni: Ukubopha inethi, izinto ezivimbelayo ezibonakalayo, ukuvuna ngokushesha
- Izinyamazane: Ukubiyela okungenani amamitha angu-8 ubude, kuyaxosha
- Ama-Voles/Amagundane: Gcina indawo ezungeze izimbobo icacile, sebenzisa izivikelo
Isexwayiso: Uma usebenzisa noma yiziphi izibulala-zinambuzane, ngisho nezingokwemvelo, landela imiyalelo yelebula ngokucophelela futhi usebenzise kuphela uma kudingeka ukuze unciphise umthelela ezinambuzaneni ezizuzisayo kanye nendawo ezungezile.
Ukuvuna Nokucubungula Ama-Hazelnut Akho
Isikhathi Sokuvuna
Ama-hazelnut avame ukuvuthwa ngasekupheleni kwehlobo kuya ekuqaleni kwekwindla, kuye ngesimo sezulu sakho kanye nezinhlobo ezikhuliswe. Qaphela lezi zimpawu zokulungela:
- Amahlumela aqala ukuba phuzi futhi abe nsundu emaphethelweni
- Amantongomane aqala ukuwa ngokwemvelo ezihlahleni
- I-kernel ishintsha kusuka kokumhlophe kuya kombala okhilimu
- Igobolondo liyashintsha lisuka koluhlaza libe nsundu
Izindlela Zokuvuna
Ukuvuna Izandla
Kubalimi basekhaya abanezihlahla ezimbalwa, ukuvuna ngesandla kuyindlela ewusizo kakhulu. Ungenza noma yikuphi kwalokhu:
- Khetha amantongomane ngqo emagatsheni lapho amakhoba eqala ukuba nsundu
- Sakaza ama-tarps ngaphansi kwezihlahla bese ushukumisa amagatsha ukuze uqoqe amantongomane awileyo
- Qoqa amantongomane emhlabathini nsuku zonke njengoba ewa ngokwemvelo
Ukuvunwa Kwemishini
Ngezitshalo ezinkulu, izinketho zemishini zifaka:
- Iziqoqi zamantongomane ezibanjwa ngesandla ezigoqa phezu kwamantongomane awile
- Imishini yokuvuna amantongomane ekhethekile yemisebenzi yezentengiselwano
- Izivuni ze-blueberry eziguquliwe zama-hazelnuts anjengesihlahla
Izinyathelo Zokucubungula
- Ukuqoba: Susa amaqoba angaphandle uma engakahlukani kakade
- Ukuhlanza: Hlanza amantongomane ukuze ususe ukungcola kanye nemfucumfucu
- Ukomisa: Sakaza amantongomane ngesendlalelo esisodwa endaweni efudumele, eyomile enomoya omuhle amasonto ama-2-3
- Ukwelapha: Vumela amantongomane ukuthi aphulukise isonto elilodwa noma amabili ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukunambitheka
- Ukuqhekeka: Sebenzisa i-nutcracker noma ithuluzi elikhethekile lokuqhekeka amantongomane ukuze ususe amagobolondo
- Ukuhlunga: Hlukanisa ama-kernel ezingcezwini zegobolondo
Isitoreji
Ama-hazelnut agcinwe kahle angagcina ikhwalithi yawo isikhathi eside:
| Indlela Yesitoreji | Ubude besikhathi esingaphakathi kwegobolondo | Ubude besikhathi obufakwe igobolondo | Izimo |
| Izinga lokushisa legumbi | Kufika ezinyangeni ezi-4 | Inyanga eyi-1-2 | Indawo epholile, eyomile ezitsheni eziphefumulayo |
| Isiqandisi | Kuze kube unyaka ongu-1 | Izinyanga ezi-3-6 | Izitsha ezingangeni moya |
| Isiqandisi | Iminyaka engu-1-2 | Kuze kube unyaka ongu-1 | Izitsha ezivaliwe nge-vacuum noma ezingangeni moya |
Ukuxazulula Izinselele Ezivamile
Kungani izihlahla zami ze-hazelnut zingakhiqizi amantongomane?
Kunezici eziningana ezingathinta ukukhiqizwa kwamantongomane:
- Ubudala: Izihlahla zingase zingakhiqizi kuze kube yiminyaka engu-4-6 ubudala
- Ukuthuthwa kwempova: Qinisekisa ukuthi unezinhlobo ezihambisanayo ezitshalwe eduze
- Ukukhanya kwelanga: Ilanga elinganele linciphisa ukuqhakaza kwezimbali kanye nokubekwa kwamantongomane
- Ukuthena: Ukuthena ngokweqile kungasusa ukhuni olukhiqizayo
- Ukudla Okunomsoco: Umanyolo ongalingani unganciphisa isivuno
Ngingakulawula kanjani ukumunca ngokweqile?
Ama-hazelnut aseMelika ngokwemvelo akhiqiza ama-sucker amaningi. Ukuze uwalawule:
- Nciphisa njalo ama-suckers ngesikhathi sokukhula
- Gcina iziqu eziyinhloko ezingu-4-6 ngesitshalo ngasinye
- Sika izitshalo ukuze ulawule ukusabalala kwezitshalo
- Uma ufuna izinhlobo zezihlahla, qaphela ukususa zonke izithombo
Kungani ama-hazelnut ami engenalutho noma egcwaliswe kabi?
Amantongomane angenalutho (izikhala) angabangelwa:
- Ukungavundi kahle kwempova ngenxa yezinhlobo ezingahambisani
- Ukucindezeleka kwemvelo ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwamantongomane
- Umonakalo wezinambuzane, ikakhulukazi ezivela kuma-weevil e-filbert
- Ukuntuleka kokudla okunempilo ngesikhathi sokukhula okubalulekile
- Ukucindezeleka kwesomiso ngesikhathi sokukhula kwembewu
Ngingazivikela kanjani izihlahla ezincane ekulimaleni kwasebusika?
Ama-hazelnut amancane angaba sengozini yokulimala ebusika:
- Faka amasentimitha angu-2-3 e-mulch nxazonke kwesisekelo (ungayithinti isiqu)
- Faka onogada bezihlahla ukuze uvimbele ukulimala kwamagundane
- Gwema umanyolo wesikhathi sasekupheleni kwesizini okhuthaza ukukhula okuthambile
- Cabanga ngokugoqa iziqu ezindaweni ezibandayo
- Izinhlobo zezitshalo ezifanele indawo yakho yokuqina
Isiphetho: Ukujabulela Isivuno Sakho Se-Hazelnut
Ukutshala ama-hazelnut ekhaya kuwuhambo oluvuzayo olukuxhumanisa nomthombo wokudla wasendulo ngenkathi luhlinzeka ngesivuno esinomsoco iminyaka ezayo. Ngokukhethwa kwezinhlobo ezifanele, ukulungiswa kwendawo, nokunakekelwa okuqhubekayo, izihlahla zakho zama-hazelnut zingaba yizinto ezikhiqizayo endaweni yakho ezidinga ukunakekelwa okuncane uma sezilungisiwe.
Khumbula ukuthi ukubekezela kubalulekile—nakuba ama-hazelnut eqala ukukhiqiza ngaphambi kwemithi eminingi yamantongomane, kusathatha iminyaka eminingana ukufinyelela ekukhiqizeni okugcwele. Sebenzisa lesi sikhathi ukufunda ngemithi yakho, ukubheka amaphethini okukhula kwayo, nokulungisa imikhuba yakho yokuphatha. Unyaka ngamunye, uzothola ulwazi olubalulekile oluzokusiza ukuthi wandise isivuno sakho esikhathini esizayo.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi utshala ama-hazelnuts ukuze uzijabulise, ukusekela izilwane zasendle zasendaweni, noma njengengxenye yesimiso sokudla esiqhubekayo, amakhono nolwazi oluthuthukisayo luzokusiza kakhulu kuyo yonke imizamo yakho yokulima. Ukulima okujabulisayo!
