Manyan nau'ikan Apple da Bishiyoyi don Shuka a cikin lambun ku
Buga: 13 Satumba, 2025 da 19:42:52 UTC
Kadan daga cikin abubuwan da suka faru a lambun kishiya suna cizon tuffa mai ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano wanda kuka girma da kanku. Ko kuna da kadada na ƙasa ko kuma ƙaramin baranda kawai, girma bishiyoyin apple naku yana haɗa ku da al'adar da ta mamaye tsararraki. Sirrin nasara ya ta'allaka ne wajen zaɓar nau'ikan da suka dace don takamaiman yanayin ku. Wannan jagorar zai taimake ka ka kewaya duniyar ban mamaki na itatuwan apple, daga fahimtar buƙatun pollination zuwa zabar nau'ikan da ke bunƙasa a yankinka na yanayi.
Top Apple Varieties and Trees to Grow in Your Garden
Mabuɗin Abubuwan da za a Yi la'akari da Lokacin Zabar Bishiyoyin Apple
Kafin yin gaggawar siyan itatuwan apple, abubuwa masu mahimmanci da yawa zasu ƙayyade nasarar ku. Fahimtar waɗannan abubuwan zai taimaka muku zaɓi nau'ikan da za su bunƙasa cikin takamaiman yanayin lambun ku.
Dacewar yanayi
Bishiyoyin Apple gabaɗaya suna bunƙasa a wuraren da ke da sanyi, saboda suna buƙatar takamaiman adadin "sa'o'i masu sanyi" (zazzabi tsakanin 32-45 ° F) don karya kwanciyar hankali da daidaita girma. Yawancin nau'ikan ba za su yi girma sosai a cikin yankuna masu zafi sama da 8 ba, kodayake wasu keɓancewa sun wanzu don yanayin zafi.
Don ƙayyade yankin yanayin ku, duba Taswirar Yankin Hardiness Plant USDA. Sannan daidaita nau'ikan apple zuwa takamaiman yankin ku don sakamako mafi kyau.
Lokacin sanyi
Iri iri-iri na apple suna buƙatar yanayi daban-daban na sanyi don samar da 'ya'yan itace yadda ya kamata. Ana auna wannan buƙatun a cikin "sa'o'i masu sanyi" - adadin sa'o'in lokacin hunturu lokacin da yanayin zafi ya faɗi tsakanin 32-45 ° F.
Irin ƙananan sanyi (200-400 hours) suna aiki da kyau a cikin yankuna masu zafi, yayin da nau'in sanyi mai sanyi (800-1000+ hours) ya dace da yanayin arewa. Zaɓin iri tare da buƙatun sa'o'in sanyi masu dacewa don yankinku yana da mahimmanci don samun nasarar 'ya'yan itace.
Bukatun Pollination
Yawancin itatuwan apple suna buƙatar giciye-pollination daga nau'ikan iri daban-daban waɗanda ke fure lokaci guda don samar da 'ya'yan itace. Ana rarraba nau'ikan apple zuwa rukunin furanni (1-7) dangane da lokacin furanni. Don samun nasarar pollination, shuka aƙalla iri biyu masu jituwa tsakanin ƙafa 50 na juna.
Wasu nau'ikan su ne "triploid," ma'ana suna buƙatar pollinators guda biyu don samar da 'ya'yan itace. Wasu suna da haifuwa amma har yanzu za su samar da mafi kyau tare da abokin aikin pollination. Bishiyoyin Crabapple kuma na iya zama masu yin pollinators masu kyau idan sun yi fure a lokaci guda.
Bukatun sararin samaniya
Yi la'akari da girman girman itacen apple ɗinku lokacin yin shiri. Daidaitaccen bishiyoyi na iya kaiwa ƙafa 20-25 a tsayi kuma suna yadawa, yayin da nau'ikan dwarf iri-iri yawanci suna girma ƙafa 12-15 tsayi. Dwarf iri-iri, cikakke ga ƙananan lambuna, yawanci suna kaiwa ƙafa 8-10.
Don ƙayyadaddun wurare, la'akari da bishiyoyin apple na ginshiƙan da ke girma a tsaye tare da ɗan ƙaramin yaduwa, ko horar da bishiyoyi azaman masu ɗaukar bango a kan bango ko shinge. Hakanan ana iya girmar kwantena tare da tushen tushen dwarf don lambunan baranda.
Juriya na Cuta
Wasu nau'in apple suna da juriya na dabi'a ga cututtuka na kowa kamar apple scab, itacen al'ul apple tsatsa, powdery mildew, da gobara. Zaɓin nau'ikan masu jure cututtuka na iya rage buƙatar jiyya na sinadarai da haɓaka damar samun nasarar girbi, musamman idan kun fi son hanyoyin haɓaka ƙwayoyin cuta.
Nasiha mai sauri: Don sakamako mafi kyau, zaɓi aƙalla nau'ikan apple guda biyu masu jituwa waɗanda: 1) girma da kyau a yankin ku na yanayi, 2) suna da lokutan furanni masu ruɓani don giciye-pollination, da 3) ba da juriya na cututtukan da suka dace da yankin ku.
Mafi kyawun nau'ikan Apple don Lambunan Gida
Tare da dubban nau'ikan apple akwai, gano mafi kyawun lambun ku na iya jin daɗi. Mun zaɓi fitattun nau'ikan iri guda 10 waɗanda ke da kyau sosai a cikin lambunan gida a cikin yankuna daban-daban na girma.
| Iri-iri | Bayanan Bayani | Lokacin girbi | Yankin Hardiness | Ƙungiyar Pollination |
| Ruwan zuma | Mai dadi, kintsattse, m | Tsakanin Satumba | 3-7 | 4 |
| Fuji | Mai dadi, kintsattse | Marigayi Oktoba | 6-9 | 3 |
| Gala | Dan kadan mai dadi, kamshi | Marigayi Agusta | 5-8 | 4 |
| Kaka Smith | Tart, kintsattse | Oktoba | 6-9 | 3 |
| Pink Lady | Mai dadi-tart, kintsattse | Marigayi Oktoba | 6-9 | 3 |
| McIntosh | Tart, m, aromatic | Satumba | 4-7 | 2 |
| 'Yanci | Mai dadi-tart, kintsattse | Tsakanin Satumba | 4-7 | 3 |
| Arkansas Black | Spicy, m | Marigayi Oktoba | 4-8 | 3 |
| Gravenstein | Sweet-tart, kamshi | Agusta | 2-9 | 1 |
| Dan leken asirin Arewa | Sweet-tart, m | Marigayi Oktoba | 3-7 | 5 |
Cikakkun Bayanan Bayani iri-iri
Ruwan zuma
Mafi amfani: sabo ne abinci, salads
Rayuwar ajiya: watanni 5-6 lokacin da aka sanyaya
Bayanan kula na musamman: Na musamman kintsattse kuma mai daɗi tare da cikakkiyar ma'aunin zaki-tart. Mai da kansa amma yana samar da mafi kyau tare da pollinator. Yana buƙatar ɓacin rai mai kyau don mafi kyawun girman 'ya'yan itace.
Fuji
Mafi amfani: sabo ne cin abinci, juicing, cider
Rayuwar ajiya: Har zuwa watanni 6
Bayanan kula na musamman: mai daɗi da ƙwanƙwasa tare da kyakkyawan dandano wanda ke inganta a cikin ajiya. Yana buƙatar shayarwa akai-akai. Kyakkyawan zaɓi don yanayin zafi mai zafi tare da ƙananan buƙatun sanyi.
Kaka Smith
Mafi amfani: yin burodi, pies, cin sabo
Rayuwar ajiya: 3-4 watanni
Bayanan kula na musamman: dandanon Tart cikakke don dafa abinci. Haihuwar kai amma fa'ida daga giciye-pollination. Yana bunƙasa a cikin yanayi mai zafi tare da sa'o'i 400 na sanyi kawai da ake buƙata.
Zaɓin Nau'in Bishiyar Apple Dama don Sararin ku
Girma da nau'in itacen apple ɗin ku suna da mahimmanci kamar iri-iri. Tushen tushen daban-daban da hanyoyin horo na iya taimaka muku shigar da bishiyoyin apple zuwa kusan kowane sarari lambun.
Daidaito Bishiyoyi
Tsayi: 18-25+ ƙafa
Tazarar da ake buƙata: 25-30 ƙafa nesa
Shekaru zuwa 'ya'yan itace: 5-8 shekaru
Lifespan: 50+ shekaru
Mafi kyau ga: Manyan kaddarorin, gonakin gargajiya na gargajiya
Daidaitaccen bishiyoyi suna girma akan tushen seedling kuma sun kai girman girma. Suna dadewa kuma a ƙarshe suna samar da mafi yawan 'ya'yan itace, amma suna ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo don fara haifuwa da buƙatar ƙarin sarari.
Semi-Dwarf Bishiyoyi
Tsawo: 12-15 ƙafa
Tazarar da ake buƙata: 15-20 ƙafa nesa
Shekaru zuwa 'ya'yan itace: shekaru 3-5
Rayuwa: 30-40 shekaru
Mafi kyau ga: Lambuna masu matsakaicin girma
Bishiyoyin dwarf suna ba da daidaito mai kyau tsakanin girma, samarwa, da tsawon rai. Suna da sauƙin datsa da girbi fiye da daidaitattun bishiyoyi yayin da suke samar da albarkatu masu yawa.
Bishiyoyin Dwarf
Tsawo: 8-10 ƙafa
Tazarar da ake buƙata: 8-10 ƙafa dabam
Shekaru zuwa 'ya'yan itace: 2-3 shekaru
Rayuwa: 15-25 shekaru
Mafi kyau ga: Ƙananan lambuna, kwantena
Bishiyoyin Dwarf sun dace don ƙananan wurare kuma suna fara ba da 'ya'ya da sauri. Sun fi sauƙi don fesa, datsa, da girbi amma suna iya buƙatar ɗaukar nauyi don tallafi kuma suna da ɗan gajeren rayuwa.
Siffofin Musamman don Ƙananan wurare
Columnar (Pillar) Tuffa
Girma kawai ƙafa 2-3 amma tsayin ƙafafu 8-10, waɗannan bishiyoyi na musamman ba su da kusan rassan gefe. Sun dace da ƙananan wurare, kwantena, ko azaman "shinge mai rai" na ado. Shahararrun iri sun haɗa da 'Northpole' da 'Golden Sentinel'.
Espalier
Horar da bishiyoyin apple lebur akan bango ko shinge yana haifar da kyakkyawan yanayin lambun ceton sarari. Wannan fasaha na gargajiya yana ba ku damar shuka apples a cikin kunkuntar sarari yayin ƙirƙirar kayan ado.
Stepovers
Waɗannan bishiyar dwarf ɗin ana horar da su a kwance a tsayin inci 18-24 kawai, yana mai da su cikakke a matsayin iyakokin lambun da ake ci. Suna buƙatar ƙarin kulawa amma suna haifar da sakamako mai ban sha'awa lokacin da suke cikin fure ko 'ya'yan itace.
Girman kwantena
Dwarf apple itatuwa na iya bunƙasa a cikin manyan kwantena (akalla 18-24 inci faɗi da zurfi). Zaɓi nau'ikan da suka dace da kai ko girma nau'i-nau'i masu jituwa a kan baranda ko baranda. Za su buƙaci shayarwa da ciyarwa akai-akai fiye da itatuwan da aka dasa a ƙasa.
Jagorar Shuka & Kulawa don Bishiyoyin Apple
Dasa mai kyau da kulawa mai gudana suna da mahimmanci ga lafiyayyen itatuwan apple masu albarka. Bi waɗannan jagororin don ba bishiyoyinku mafi kyawun farawa kuma ku kula da su tsawon shekaru masu yawa na girbi.
Dasa Bishiyar Tuffarka
Lokacin dasa: Farkon bazara ko ƙarshen fall lokacin da bishiyoyi suke barci.
Zaɓin rukunin yanar gizon: Zaɓi wuri mai cikakken rana (aƙalla sa'o'i 6 kowace rana) da kyakkyawan yanayin yanayin iska.
Shirye-shiryen ƙasa: ƙasa mai laushi mai kyau tare da pH tsakanin 6.0-7.0 yana da kyau. Gudanar da gwajin ƙasa kuma gyara kamar yadda ake buƙata.
Tazara: Shuka bishiyoyi gwargwadon girman girmansu (wasu ƙafa 8-30 dangane da tushen tushen tushen su).
Zurfin dasa: Ƙungiyar daskarewa (buguwa kusa da tushe) yakamata ya kasance inci 2-3 sama da matakin ƙasa.
Watering: Ruwa sosai bayan dasa shuki kuma shafa 2-3 inci na ciyawa, kiyaye shi daga gangar jikin.
Shuka don Lafiya da Samar da Lafiya
Gyaran da ya dace yana kafa tsari mai ƙarfi kuma yana ƙarfafa samar da 'ya'yan itace. Yawancin itatuwan apple ya kamata a datse su zuwa tsarin "gyaran shugaban tsakiya".
Dasa lokacin hunturu (Lokacin Dormant)
Prune a cikin marigayi hunturu kafin buds karya don kafa asali tsarin. Cire itacen da ya mutu ko maras lafiya, tsirowar ruwa (harbe a tsaye), da ketare rassan. Yanke wurare masu cunkoso don ba da damar shigar haske.
Dasa lokacin rani
Tsatsa haske a lokacin rani yana taimakawa sarrafa girman kuma yana ƙarfafa samuwar 'ya'yan itace. Cire harbe-harbe masu ƙarfi da kuma rassan 'ya'yan itace na bakin ciki idan itacen yana cike da apples masu tasowa.
Kwari da Kula da Cututtuka
Rigakafi shine hanya mafi kyau don magance matsalolin itacen apple. Haɗin gwiwar sarrafa kwari yana haɗa dabaru da yawa don ingantattun bishiyoyi.
Kwari na gama gari
- Apple maggot
- Codling asu
- Aphids
- Spider mites
Hanyoyin sarrafawa sun haɗa da tarkuna masu ɗanɗano, kwari masu amfani, feshin kwayoyin halitta kamar man neem, da tsaftar gonar lambu (cire 'ya'yan itace da suka fadi).
Cututtuka na kowa
- Apple scab
- Cutar gobara
- Powdery mildew
- Cedar apple tsatsa
Rigakafin ya haɗa da zabar nau'ikan da ba su da ƙarfi, datsa mai dacewa don yaduwar iska, da ƙwayoyin fungicides idan ya cancanta.
Hanyoyin Girman Halitta
Yawancin lambu na gida sun fi son hanyoyin kwayoyin halitta don girma apples. Duk da yake yana buƙatar ƙarin hankali ga daki-daki, ladaran shine 'ya'yan itace marasa sinadari da ingantaccen yanayin yanayin lambu.
Zaɓi nau'ikan masu juriya: 'Yanci, Kasuwanci, da 'Yanci suna da kyakkyawan juriya na cuta.
Gina ƙasa mai lafiya: Yi amfani da takin, ciyawa, da rufe amfanin gona don inganta ilimin halittar ƙasa.
Ƙarfafa kwari masu amfani: Shuka furanni kamar alyssum, dill, da cosmos don jawo hankalin kwari masu lalata.
Yi amfani da feshin kwayoyin halitta: yumbu na Kaolin, man neem, da shayi na takin na iya taimakawa wajen sarrafa kwari da cututtuka.
Yi kyakkyawan tsafta: Cire ganye da 'ya'yan itace da suka fadi don karya zagayowar cututtuka.
Nasihu na Kwararru don Nasarar Girman Apple
Kara girman Girbin ku
Tarin 'ya'yan itace na bakin ciki zuwa apple daya kowane inci 6 don haɓaka girma da inganci. Cire mafi ƙanƙanta apples a lokacin da suke da girman marmara, barin mafi girma a cikin kowane gungu.
Hana Haihuwar Biyu
Wasu nau'ikan suna samar da yawa shekara ɗaya kaɗan kaɗan na gaba. Hana hakan ta hanyar rage 'ya'yan itace a cikin shekaru masu nauyi da kiyaye daidaitattun ayyukan datse da hadi.
Girbi a Kololuwar Girma
Gwada girma ta hanyar datse 'ya'yan itacen da ke cikin tafin hannun ku da ba da juzu'i mai laushi-yana fitar da tuffa cikin sauƙi. Ya kamata tsaba su zama launin ruwan kasa, ba fari ba, lokacin da aka shirya 'ya'yan itacen.
Dasa Abokin Hulɗa don Bishiyoyin Apple
Wasu tsire-tsire za su iya amfanar bishiyoyin apple yayin girma a kusa:
- Alliums (tafarnuwa, chives) suna korar kwari da hana apple scab
- Comfrey yana tara abubuwan gina jiki kuma yana yin kyakkyawan ciyawa
- Nasturtiums suna jan hankalin kwari masu amfani kuma suna korar kwari
- Ganye irin su thyme, mint, da lavender suna hana kwari da jawo pollinators
Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi
Har yaushe itacen apple dina ya ba da 'ya'ya?
Bishiyoyin Dwarf yawanci suna fara ba da 'ya'ya bayan shekaru 2-3 bayan shuka, bishiyoyi masu tsayi a cikin shekaru 3-5, kuma daidaitattun bishiyoyi a cikin shekaru 5-8. Koyaya, wannan ya bambanta ta yanayin iri-iri da girma. Wasu bishiyoyi na iya samar da 'yan apples a baya, amma cikakken samarwa yana ɗaukar tsawon lokaci don kafawa.
Zan iya shuka apples a cikin yanayi mai dumi?
Ee, tare da zaɓi iri-iri a hankali. Zaɓi nau'ikan sanyi mai ƙarancin sanyi (ana buƙatar sa'o'i 200-400 sanyi) kamar 'Anna', 'Dorsett Golden', 'Ein Shemer', ko 'Pink Lady'. Waɗannan na iya yin nasara a yankuna 8-10 inda nau'ikan gargajiya suka gaza. Samar da inuwar rana a yanayin zafi yana iya taimakawa.
Ina bukatan bishiyar apple fiye da ɗaya don samun 'ya'yan itace?
Yawancin nau'in apple suna buƙatar giciye-pollination daga nau'in nau'i mai jituwa daban-daban don samar da 'ya'yan itace. Duk da yake wasu nau'ikan suna da ɗanɗano (kamar 'Granny Smith' da 'Golden Delicious'), ko da waɗannan za su samar da mafi kyawun amfanin gona tare da abokin aikin pollination. Shuka iri biyu masu jituwa, ko dogara ga itacen apple ko ƙwanƙwasa maƙwabci a cikin ƙafa 50.
Ta yaya zan adana apples bayan girbi?
Ajiye apples a cikin sanyi (32-40 ° F), wuri mai laushi tare da kyakkyawan yanayin iska. Likitan firji yana aiki da kyau don ƙananan yawa. Don girbi mafi girma, yi la'akari da ƙasa mai sanyi ko gareji. Tsara apples kafin ajiya kuma cire kowane tare da raunuka ko lalacewa. Daban-daban iri suna da daban-daban rayuwar ajiya, jere daga 'yan makonni zuwa da yawa watanni.
Me yasa itatuwan apple dina basa yin 'ya'ya?
Abubuwa da yawa na iya hana 'ya'yan itace: rashin isasshen pollination (bukatar nau'ikan da suka dace), shekarun bishiyar (bai isa ba), pruning mara kyau (mai tsanani ko a lokacin da ba daidai ba), rashin isasshen sa'o'in sanyi don nau'ikan ku, kwaro ko batutuwan cuta, ko rashin daidaituwa na abinci (musamman ma nitrogen mai yawa). Auna waɗannan abubuwan don tantance takamaiman dalilin.
Kammalawa
Haɓaka itatuwan apple a cikin lambun gidanku yana haɗa ku zuwa al'adar kayan lambu masu arha yayin samar da 'ya'yan itace masu daɗi, ga danginku. Ta hanyar zaɓar nau'ikan da suka dace da yanayin ku, fahimtar buƙatun pollination, da ba da kulawa mai kyau, zaku iya jin daɗin girbi mai yawa na shekaru masu zuwa.
Ka tuna cewa haƙuri shine mabuɗin - itatuwan apple shine zuba jari na dogon lokaci wanda ke inganta tare da shekaru. Fara da nau'ikan masu jure cututtuka da suka dace da yankin girma, kuma kada ku yi jinkirin yin gwaji da nau'ikan daban-daban don gano abubuwan da kuka fi so.
Karin Karatu
Idan kuna jin daɗin wannan sakon, kuna iya kuma son waɗannan shawarwari:
- Mafi kyawun nau'ikan Strawberry don girma a cikin lambun ku
- Mafi kyawun nau'ikan Cherry don girma a cikin lambun ku
- Mafi kyawun nau'ikan Tumatir don Shuka a cikin lambun ku