Izinhlobo eziphezulu zama-apula nezihlahla okufanele zikhule engadini yakho
Kushicilelwe: Septhemba 13, 2025 19:43:42 UTC
Imbalwa imizwa yasengadini ephikisana nokuluma i-apula elimnandi, elinojuzi ozikhulisele wena. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unamahektare omhlaba noma ivulandi elincane, ukukhulisa izihlahla zakho zama-apula kukuxhumanisa nesiko elihlanganisa izizukulwane. Imfihlo yempumelelo isekukhetheni izinhlobo ezifanele zezimo zakho ezithile. Lo mhlahlandlela uzokusiza ukuthi uzulazule emhlabeni omuhle wezihlahla zama-apula, kusukela ekuqondeni isidingo sokutshala impova kuya ekukhetheni izinhlobo ezichumayo endaweni yakho yesimo sezulu.
Top Apple Varieties and Trees to Grow in Your Garden
Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabange Lapho Ukhetha Izihlahla Ze-apula
Ngaphambi kokuphuthuma ukuthenga izihlahla zama-apula, izici ezimbalwa ezibalulekile zizonquma impumelelo yakho. Ukuqonda lezi zakhi kuzokusiza ukuthi ukhethe izinhlobo ezizokhula kahle ezimweni zakho ezithile zengadi.
Ukufaneleka Kwesimo Sezulu
Izihlahla zama-apula ngokuvamile zikhula kahle ezindaweni ezinobusika obubandayo, njengoba zidinga inani elithile "lamahora okushisa" (amazinga okushisa aphakathi kuka-32-45 ° F) ukuze ziphule i-dormancy futhi zilawule ukukhula. Izinhlobo eziningi ngeke zikhule kahle ezindaweni ezifudumele kunezingu-8, nakuba kukhona okuhlukile okukhona ezindaweni ezifudumele.
Ukuze unqume indawo yakho yesimo sezulu, hlola i-USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map. Bese uqhathanisa izinhlobo zama-apula nendawo yakho ethile ukuze uthole imiphumela engcono kakhulu.
Amahora Okuphumula
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-apula zidinga amanani ahlukene esimo sezulu esibandayo ukuze zikhiqize izithelo ngendlela efanele. Le mfuneko ikalwa "ngamahora okubanda" - inani lamahora ebusika lapho izinga lokushisa liwela phakathi kuka-32-45°F.
Izinhlobo ezibanda kancane (amahora angu-200-400) zisebenza kahle ezindaweni ezifudumele, kuyilapho izinhlobo ezibandayo kakhulu (amahora angu-800-1000+) zifaneleka esimweni sezulu esisenyakatho. Ukukhetha izinhlobo ezinezidingo ezifanele zehora lokubanda endaweni yangakini kubalulekile ekutheleleni okuyimpumelelo.
Izidingo Zempova
Izihlahla zama-apula eziningi zidinga impova ehlukahlukene ezinhlobonhlobo eziqhakaza ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze zikhiqize izithelo. Izinhlobo zama-apula zihlukaniswa ngamaqembu aqhakaza (1-7) ngokuya ngokuthi ziqhakaza nini. Ukuze uthole impova eyimpumelelo, tshala okungenani izinhlobo ezimbili ezihambisanayo phakathi kwamafithi angu-50 ukusuka kwenye.
Ezinye izinhlobo ziyi-"triploid," okusho ukuthi zidinga impova ezimbili ezihlukene ukuze zikhiqize izithelo. Ezinye ziyakwazi ukuzivundisa kodwa zisazokhiqiza kangcono ngozakwethu wempova. Izihlahla ze-Crabapple zingasebenza njengezithuthi zempova ezinhle kakhulu uma ziqhakaza ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Izidingo zesikhala
Cabangela usayizi ovuthiwe wesihlahla sakho sama-apula lapho uhlela. Izihlahla ezijwayelekile zingafinyelela ku-20-25 amafidi ubude futhi zisakazeke, kuyilapho izinhlobo ezincanyana kancane ngokuvamile zikhula ngamafidi angu-12-15 ubude. Izinhlobo ezincanyana, ezilungele izingadi ezincane, ngokuvamile zifinyelela amamitha angu-8-10.
Ezikhaleni ezilinganiselwe, cabanga izihlahla zama-apula ezikhula ziqonde zingasakazeki kancane, noma uqeqeshe izihlahla njengama-espaliers ezindongeni noma ezicingweni. Ukukhula kweziqukathi kuyenzeka nangezimpande ezincane ezingadini zevulandi.
Ukumelana Nezifo
Ezinye izinhlobo zama-apula ziyamelana ngokwemvelo nezifo ezivamile ezifana noqweqwe lwe-apula, ukugqwala kwama-apula omsedari, i-powdery mildew, kanye ne-fire blight. Ukukhetha izinhlobo ezimelana nezifo kunganciphisa kakhulu isidingo sokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali futhi kwandise amathuba akho okuvuna okuphumelelayo, ikakhulukazi uma ukhetha izindlela zokutshala i-organic.
Ithiphu Esheshayo: Ukuze uthole imiphumela engcono kakhulu, khetha okungenani izinhlobo ezimbili zama-apula ezihambisanayo: 1) ezikhula kahle endaweni yakho yesimo sezulu, 2) zibe nezikhathi zokuqhakaza ezigqagqene zokuvuthwa kwempova, futhi 3) ezinikeza ukumelana nezifo ezifanele isifunda sakho.
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-apula ezihamba phambili zezingadi zasekhaya
Ngezinkulungwane zezinhlobo zama-apula ezitholakalayo, ukuthola aphelele engadini yakho kungazizwa kungaphezu kwamandla. Sikhethe izinhlobo eziyi-10 ezivelele ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ezingadini zasekhaya kuzo zonke izindawo ezikhulayo ezikhulayo.
| Izinhlobonhlobo | Iphrofayili ye-Flavour | Isikhathi Sokuvuna | I-Hardiness Zone | Iqembu Lempova |
| I-Honeycrisp | Limnandi, licwebile, linojusi | Maphakathi noSepthemba | 3-7 | 4 |
| Fuji | Limnandi, licwebile | Ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba | 6-9 | 3 |
| I-Gala | Imnandi kancane, inephunga elimnandi | Ekupheleni kuka-August | 5-8 | 4 |
| Ugogo Smith | I-tart, i-crisp | Okthoba | 6-9 | 3 |
| Pink Lady | I-sweet-tart, i-crisp | Ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba | 6-9 | 3 |
| McIntosh | I-tart, enamanzi, enamakha | September | 4-7 | 2 |
| Inkululeko | I-sweet-tart, i-crisp | Maphakathi noSepthemba | 4-7 | 3 |
| I-Arkansas Black | Okubabayo, okuqinile | Ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba | 4-8 | 3 |
| Gravenstein | I-sweet-tart, inephunga elimnandi | Agasti | 2-9 | 1 |
| I-Northern Spy | I-sweet-tart, enamanzi | Ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba | 3-7 | 5 |
Imininingwane Ehlukahlukene Amaphrofayili
I-Honeycrisp
Ukusetshenziswa okungcono kakhulu: Ukudla okusha, amasaladi
Impilo yesitoreji: izinyanga ezingu-5-6 uma isiqandisi
Amanothi akhethekile: Icwebile futhi inojusi ngokulingana kwe-sweet-tart. Iyazivundisa yona kodwa ikhiqiza kangcono nge-pollinator. Idinga ukuncishiswa okufanele ukuze uthole usayizi wezithelo ongcono kakhulu.
Fuji
Ukusetshenziswa okungcono kakhulu: Ukudla okusha, i-juicing, i-cider
Impilo yesitoreji: Kufika ezinyangeni eziyisi-6
Amanothi akhethekile: Amnandi futhi acwebile ane-flavour enhle kakhulu ethuthuka ekugcinweni. Idinga ukuchelela njalo. Ukukhetha okuhle ezindaweni ezifudumele ezinezidingo eziphansi zokubandayo.
Ugogo Smith
Ukusetshenziswa okungcono kakhulu: ukubhaka, ophaya, ukudla okusha
Impilo yesitoreji: 3-4 izinyanga
Amanothi akhethekile: I-tart flavour ilungele ukupheka. Iyazivundisa yona kodwa iyazuza ekutheleleni impova. Iqhakaza ezindaweni ezifudumele lapho kudingeka amahora angaba ngu-400 kuphela.
Ukukhetha Uhlobo Lwesihlahla Se-apula Esilungile Sesikhala Sakho
Ubukhulu kanye nesimo sesihlahla sakho sama-apula kubaluleke kakhulu njengezinhlobonhlobo. I-rootstocks ehlukene nezindlela zokuqeqesha zingakusiza ukuthi uhlanganise izihlahla zama-apula cishe kunoma iyiphi indawo engadini.
Izihlahla Ezijwayelekile
Ubude: 18-25+ izinyawo
Isikhala esidingekayo: 25-30 izinyawo ngokuhlukana
Iminyaka yokukhiqiza: iminyaka engu-5-8
Isikhathi sokuphila: iminyaka engu-50+
Ilungele: Izakhiwo ezinkulu, izinsimu zezithelo zendabuko
Izihlahla ezijwayelekile zikhula esiphunzini sezithombo futhi zifinyelela ubukhulu obukhulu. Ziphila isikhathi eside futhi ekugcineni zikhiqiza izithelo eziningi, kodwa zithatha isikhathi eside ukuze ziqale ukuthela futhi zidinga indawo eyengeziwe.
Izihlahla Ezincane Ezincane
Ubude: 12-15 amamitha
Isikhala esidingekayo: 15-20 izinyawo ngokuhlukana
Iminyaka yokukhiqiza: iminyaka engu-3-5
Ukuphila: iminyaka engu-30-40
Ilungele: Izingadi ezinosayizi omaphakathi
Izihlahla ezincanyana zinikeza ibhalansi enhle phakathi kosayizi, ukukhiqizwa, nokuphila isikhathi eside. Kulula ukuzithena nokuvuna kunezihlahla ezijwayelekile ngenkathi zisakhiqiza izitshalo eziningi.
Izihlahla Ezincane
Ubude: 8-10 izinyawo
Isikhala esidingekayo: 8-10 amafithi ukuhlukana
Iminyaka yokukhiqiza: iminyaka engu-2-3
Ukuphila: iminyaka engu-15-25
Okungcono kakhulu: Izingadi ezincane, iziqukathi
Izihlahla ezincane zilungele izindawo ezincane futhi ziqala ukuthela izithelo ngokushesha. Kulula ukuzifafaza, ukuthena, nokuvuna kodwa kungadinga ukusekelwa ukuze kusekelwe futhi kube nempilo emifushane.
Amafomu Akhethekile Ezikhala Ezincane
Ikholomu (Insika) Ama-apula
Njengoba zikhula ngamafidi angu-2-3 ububanzi kodwa amafidi angu-8-10 ubude, lezi zihlahla eziyingqayizivele cishe azinawo amagatsha aseceleni. Zilungele izikhala ezincane, iziqukathi, noma "njengothango oluphilayo" lokuhlobisa. Izinhlobo ezidumile zihlanganisa i-'Northpole' kanye 'ne-Golden Sentinel'.
Espalier
Ukuqeqesha izihlahla zama-apula zibheke odongeni noma ucingo kudala isici sengadi esihle, esonga isikhala. Le nqubo yendabuko ikuvumela ukuthi ukhule ama-apula endaweni encane ngenkathi udala isici sokuhlobisa.
Izitephu
Lezi zihlahla ezi-ultra-dwarf ziqeqeshwe zivundlile nje ziyi-18-24 amayintshi ubude, zizenze ziphelele njengemingcele yengadi edliwayo. Zidinga ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe kodwa zakha umphumela omangalisayo lapho ziqhakaza noma zisesithelweni.
Ukukhula Kwesitsha
Izihlahla zama-apula ezincane zingakhula ezitsheni ezinkulu (okungenani ama-intshi angu-18-24 ububanzi futhi ajulile). Khetha izinhlobo ezizivundile noma ukhulise amapheya ahambisanayo kuvulandi noma kuvulandi. Bazodinga ukuchelelwa kanye nokudla kaningi kunezihlahla ezitshalwe phansi.
Umhlahlandlela Wokutshala Nokunakekela Wezihlahla Ze-apula
Ukutshala okufanele nokunakekelwa okuqhubekayo kubalulekile ezihlahleni zama-apula ezinempilo, ezikhiqizayo. Landela le mihlahlandlela ukuze unikeze izihlahla zakho isiqalo esihle futhi uzigcine iminyaka eminingi yesivuno.
Ukutshala Isihlahla Sakho Se-apula
Isikhathi sokutshala: Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo noma ikwindla sekwephuzile lapho izihlahla zilele.
Ukukhetha indawo: Khetha indawo enelanga eligcwele (okungenani amahora angu-6 ngosuku) kanye nokuhamba komoya okuhle.
Ukulungiswa komhlabathi: Inhlabathi edonsa kahle ene-pH ephakathi kuka-6.0-7.0 ilungile. Yenza ukuhlolwa kwenhlabathi bese uchibiyela njengoba kudingeka.
Ukuhlukanisa: Tshala izihlahla ngokobukhulu bazo obuvuthiwe (amafidi angu-8-30 ukuhlukana kuye ngesiphunzi).
Ukujula kokutshala: Inyunyana yokuxhunyelelwa (ukuvuvukala eduze kwesisekelo) kufanele ihlale amayintshi angu-2-3 ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlabathi.
Ukunisela: Nisela kahle emva kokutshala futhi usebenzise ama-intshi angu-2-3 we-mulch, uyigcine kude nesiqu.
Ukuthena Kwezempilo Nokukhiqiza
Ukuthena ngendlela efanele kwakha isakhiwo esiqinile futhi kukhuthaze ukukhiqizwa kwezithelo. Izihlahla eziningi zama-apula kufanele zithenwe zibe "modified central leader" system.
Ukuthena Kwasebusika (Isikhathi Esithule)
Thena ngasekupheleni kobusika ngaphambi kokuba amahlumela aphuke ukuze kusungulwe isakhiwo esiyisisekelo. Susa izinkuni ezifile noma ezigulayo, amahlumela amanzi (amahlumela aqondile), namagatsha awela. Nciphisa izindawo eziminyene ukuze uvumele ukungena kokukhanya.
Ukuthena Ehlobo
Ukuthena okuncane ehlobo kusiza ukulawula usayizi futhi kukhuthaza ukumila kwezithelo. Susa amahlumela aqinile aqondile kanye namagatsha amancane athela izithelo uma isihlahla sigcwele ama-apula asakhulayo.
Ukulawulwa Kwezinambuzane Nezifo
Ukuvimbela kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuphatha izinkinga zesihlahla sama-apula. Ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane okudidiyelwe kuhlanganisa amasu amaningi ezihlahla ezinempilo.
Izinambuzane Ezivamile
- Impethu ye-apula
- Codling inundu
- Izintwala
- Izibungu zesicabucabu
Izindlela zokulawula zihlanganisa izicupho ezinamathelayo, izinambuzane ezinenzuzo, izifutho zemvelo ezifana nowoyela we-neem, nokukhucululwa kwendle kwensimu yezithelo (ukukhipha izithelo eziwile).
Izifo Ezivamile
- Apple utwayi
- Ukulimala komlilo
- I-Powdery mildew
- Ukugqwala kwe-apula yomsedari
Ukuvimbela kuhlanganisa ukukhetha izinhlobo ezimelana nezifo, ukuthenwa okufanele ukuze kusetshenziswe umoya, kanye nama-organic fungicides lapho kudingeka.
Izindlela Zokukhulisa I-Organic
Abalimi abaningi basekhaya bakhetha izindlela eziphilayo zokutshala ama-apula. Nakuba idinga ukunakwa okwengeziwe emininingwaneni, imivuzo isithelo esingenamakhemikhali kanye ne-ecosystem yengadi enempilo.
Khetha izinhlobo ezingazweli: I-Liberty, Enterprise, kanye neFreedom zinokumelana okuhle kakhulu kwezifo.
Yakha umhlabathi onempilo: Sebenzisa umquba, i-organic mulch, kanye nezitshalo zokumboza ukuthuthukisa isayensi yezinto eziphilayo.
Khuthaza izinambuzane ezizuzisayo: Tshala izimbali ezinjenge-alyssum, i-dill, ne-cosmos ukuze uhehe izinambuzane ezidla ezinye.
Sebenzisa izifutho eziphilayo: Ubumba lwe-kaolin, uwoyela we-neem, netiye lomquba kungasiza ekulawuleni izinambuzane nezifo.
Zijwayeze ukuthuthwa kwendle okuhle: Susa amaqabunga awile nezithelo ukuze unqamule imijikelezo yezifo.
Amathiphu Ochwepheshe Wokukhula Kwe-apula Okuphumelelayo
Khulisa Isivuno Sakho
Amaqoqo ezithelo azacile ku-apula elilodwa njalo ngamayintshi angu-6 ukuze kwandiswe usayizi nekhwalithi. Susa ama-apula amancane uma elingana nemabula, ushiye elikhulu kunawo wonke kuqoqo ngalinye.
Vimbela I-Biennial Bearing
Ezinye izinhlobo zikhiqiza kakhulu unyaka owodwa futhi kancane olandelayo. Vimbela lokhu ngokunciphisa isithelo eminyakeni esindayo kanye nokugcina ukuthena okungaguquki kanye nezinqubo zokuvundisa.
Ukuvuna Ekuvuthweni Okuphakeme
Hlola ukuvuthwa ngokufaka inkomishi yesithelo entendeni yesandla sakho futhi uphenye kahle—ama-apula avuthiwe aphuma kalula. Imbewu kufanele ibe nsundu, ingabi mhlophe, lapho isithelo sesilungile.
Ukutshala Umngane Wezihlahla Ze-apula
Izitshalo ezithile zingazuzisa izihlahla zakho zama-apula uma zitshalwe eduze:
- Ama-allium (ugalikhi, ama-chives) axosha izinambuzane futhi avimbele utwayi lwama-apula
- I-Comfrey iqongelela imisoco futhi yenza i-mulch enhle kakhulu
- Ama-Nasturtium aheha izinambuzane eziwusizo futhi axoshe izinambuzane
- Amakhambi afana ne-thyme, i-mint, ne-lavender avimbela izinambuzane futhi ahehe i-pollinator
imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa
Koze kube nini i-apula lami lithela izithelo?
Izihlahla ezincane zivame ukuqala ukuthela izithelo eminyakeni engu-2-3 ngemva kokutshala, izihlahla ezincane eminyakeni emi-3-5, kanye nezihlahla ezijwayelekile eminyakeni engu-5-8. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuyahlukahluka ngezinhlobonhlobo nezimo ezikhulayo. Ezinye izihlahla zingase zikhiqize ama-apula ambalwa ngaphambili, kodwa ukukhiqiza okugcwele kuthatha isikhathi eside ukusungulwa.
Ngingakwazi ukutshala ama-apula ezindaweni ezifudumele?
Yebo, ngokukhetha ngokucophelela ukuhlukahluka. Khetha izinhlobo ezingabanda kakhulu (ezidinga amahora angu-200-400 okubanda) njenge-'Anna', 'Dorsett Golden', 'Ein Shemer', noma 'Pink Lady'. Lezi zingaphumelela ezindaweni ezingu-8-10 lapho izinhlobo zendabuko zihluleka khona. Ukunikeza umthunzi wantambama ezindaweni ezishisayo nakho kungasiza.
Ingabe ngidinga isihlahla sama-apula esingaphezu kwesisodwa ukuze ngithole isithelo?
Izinhlobo eziningi zama-apula zidinga impova ehlukahlukene ehlukahlukene ehambisanayo ukuze zikhiqize izithelo. Nakuba ezinye izinhlobo zizivundile ngokwazo (njenge-'Granny Smith' kanye 'ne-Golden Delicious'), nalezi zizokhiqiza izitshalo ezingcono ngozakwethu wempova. Tshala izinhlobo ezimbili ezihambisanayo, noma thembela ku-apula likamakhelwane noma isihlahla se-crabapple phakathi kwamafidi angu-50.
Ngiwagcina kanjani ama-apula ngemva kokuvuna?
Gcina ama-apula endaweni epholile (32-40°F), enomswakama enomoya omuhle. Ikhabethe lesiqandisi elipholile lisebenza kahle ngamanani amancane. Ukuze uthole isivuno esikhulu, cabangela igumbi elingaphansi elipholile noma igaraji. Hlunga ama-apula ngaphambi kokuwagcina futhi ususe noma yimaphi anemihuzuko noma alimele. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zinezimpilo ezihlukene zokulondoloza, kusukela emavikini ambalwa kuya ezinyangeni ezimbalwa.
Kungani izihlahla zami zama-apula zingatheli?
Izici eziningana zingavimbela ukuthela: ukuvuthwa okunganele (kudinga izinhlobo ezihambisanayo), iminyaka yezihlahla ezisencane (ezingavuthwa ngokwanele), ukuthenwa okungafanele (okubi kakhulu noma ngesikhathi esingalungile), amahora anganele okubanda ezinhlobonhlobo zakho, izinkinga zezinambuzane noma izifo, noma ukungalingani kwezakhi (ikakhulukazi i-nitrogen eningi). Hlola lezi zici ukuze uthole imbangela ethile.
Isiphetho
Ukukhula kwezihlahla zama-apula engadini yakho yasekhaya kukuxhumanisa nesiko elicebile le-horticultural kuyilapho unikeza umndeni wakho izithelo ezimnandi, ezintsha. Ngokukhetha izinhlobo ezifanelana nesimo sezulu sakho, ukuqonda izidingo zempova, nokunikeza ukunakekelwa okufanele, ungajabulela isivuno esiningi iminyaka eminingi ezayo.
Khumbula ukuthi ukubekezela kuyisihluthulelo-izihlahla ze-apula ziyi-investimenti yesikhathi eside ethuthukayo ngokukhula. Qala ngezinhlobonhlobo ezimelana nezifo ezifanele indawo yakho ekhulayo, futhi ungangabazi ukuzama izinhlobo ezihlukene ukuze uthole izintandokazi zakho.
Ukufunda Okuqhubekayo
Uma ukujabulele lokhu okuthunyelwe, ungaphinda uthande lezi ziphakamiso:
- Amajikijolo Anempilo Kakhulu Azokhula Engadini Yakho
- Izinhlobo Ezingcono Kakhulu Zasesitrobheni Ongazikhulisa Engadini Yakho
- Izihlahla Zezithelo Ezinhle Kakhulu Ongazitshala Engadini Yakho