Ukukhulisa Amabhilikosi: Umhlahlandlela Wesithelo Esimnandi Sasekhaya

Kushicilelwe: Novemba 26, 2025 09:20:35 UTC

Kumbalwa okwenziwa engadini okufana nokwaneliseka kokuluma ibhilikosi elishiswe yilanga elisanda kukhiwa esihlahleni sakho. Lezi zithelo ezisagolide zinikeza inhlanganisela engenakuvinjelwa yobumnandi kanye ne-tang lezo zinhlobo ezithengwe esitolo azikwazi ukufana. Ukutshala amabhilikosi ekhaya akuhlinzeki nje ngesithelo esimnandi, esinomsoco kodwa futhi kwengeza ubuhle endaweni yakho ngezimbali ezinhle zasentwasahlobo kanye namahlamvu akhangayo.

Leli khasi lihunyushwe ngomshini lisuka esiNgisini ukuze lenze lifinyeleleke kubantu abaningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngeshwa, ukuhumusha ngomshini akukabi ubuchwepheshe obuphelele, ngakho-ke amaphutha angenzeka. Uma uthanda, ungabuka inguqulo yokuqala yesiNgisi lapha:

Growing Apricots: A Guide to Sweet Homegrown Fruit

Isihlahla samabhilikosi esinempilo esigcwele izithelo ezisawolintshi ezivuthiwe engadini eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngaphansi kwesibhakabhaka sasehlobo esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ulwazi olwengeziwe

Lo mhlahlandlela obanzi uzokuhambisa kukho konke odinga ukukwazi ukuze ukhule ngempumelelo amabhilikosi engadini yakho.

Ukukhetha Izinhlobo Ezilungile Zamabhilikosi

Izinhlobo ezidumile zamabhilikosi ezifanele izingadi zasekhaya

Ukukhetha uhlobo olufanele lwamabhilikosi kubalulekile ukuze uphumelele esimweni sakho sezulu esithile. Izihlahla zamabhilikosi zidinga inani elithile lamahora okugodola (isikhathi esichithwa ngaphansi kuka-45°F) ukuze zikhiqize isithelo ngendlela efanele, kodwa futhi ziqhakaza kusenesikhathi futhi zingangenwa isithwathwa sentwasahlobo.

Izinto Ezibalulekile Zokukhetha

Izidingo zehora lokubandayo (imvamisa amahora angama-300-900)
Isikhathi sokuqhakaza (izinhlobo eziqhakaza kamuva zinikeza ukuvikeleka okungcono kwesithwathwa)
Ukumelana nezifo (ikakhulukazi i-bacterial canker kanye nokubola okunsundu)
Ukuzizala (amabhilikosi amaningi azivundile, okusho ukuthi udinga isihlahla esisodwa kuphela)
Usayizi ekuvuthweni (izinhlobo ezijwayelekile noma ezincane)

Izinhlobo Ezinconyiwe

'Moorpark'

Izinhlobonhlobo ze-heirloom zakudala ezinokunambitheka okuhlukile. Izithelo ezinkulu, ezisagolide-owolintshi ezinombala obomvu. Ilungele ukudla okusha nokulondoloza. Idinga amahora angama-600-700 wokuphola. Izindawo 5-9.

Isihlahla samabhilikosi saseMoorpark esigcwele amabhilikosi awolintshi avuthiwe engadini yezithelo enelanga elinamaqabunga aluhlaza kanye nesibhakabhaka esicwebile esiluhlaza. Ulwazi olwengeziwe

'Blenheim' (Royal)

Izithelo ezimnandi, ezinephunga elimnandi zilungele ukomiswa. Izithelo ezinosayizi omaphakathi, osagolide. Izinhlobonhlobo zezohwebo ezithandwayo zaseCalifornia. Idinga amahora angama-400 wokuphola. Okuhamba phambili Ezindaweni 7-8.

Igatsha lesihlahla samabhilikosi e-Blenheim elimbozwe amabhilikosi avuthiwe asagolide-wolintshi kanye namaqabunga aluhlaza aluhlaza ngaphansi kokukhanya kwelanga. Ulwazi olwengeziwe

'Goldcot'

Izinhlobonhlobo eziqinile ezibandayo eziqhakaza sekwephuzile, zigwema isithwathwa sasentwasahlobo. Izithelo ezisagolide ezinosayizi omaphakathi ezinokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu. Idinga amahora angama-800 wokuphola. Ilungele Zone 4-8.

Igatsha lesihlahla samabhilikosi e-Goldcot elimbozwe izithelo ezivuthiwe ezisagolide-owolintshi phakathi kwamaqabunga aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ekukhanyeni kwelanga okuthambile. Ulwazi olwengeziwe

Ukuthola Indawo Ephelele Yesihlahla Sakho Sebhilikosi

Izihlahla zamabhilikosi zingabathandi belanga abadinga indawo efanele ukuze zikhule kahle futhi zithele izithelo eziningi. Ukubekwa kahle kungenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu empumelelweni lapho utshala amabhilikosi.

Izimo Zokukhula Ezibalulekile

Izidingo Zokukhanya kwelanga

Amabhilikosi adinga ilanga eligcwele - okungenani amahora angu-6-8 okukhanya kwelanga okuqondile nsuku zonke. Ukuchayeka kwaseNingizimu noma kwasentshonalanga kulungile. Ngaphandle kokukhanya kwelanga okwanele, ukukhiqizwa kwezithelo kuzoba nomkhawulo futhi izinga lizolimala.

Izimo Zomhlaba

Lezi zihlahla zithanda inhlabathi evundile kahle, evundile ngokusesilinganisweni ene-pH ephakathi kuka-6.0-7.0. Ngeke zibekezelele izimo zokugcwala kwamanzi, ngakho gwema izindawo lapho amachibi amanzi ngemva kwemvula. Uma umhlabathi wakho unobumba oluningi, chibiyela nge-organic matter ukuze uthuthukise ukugeleza kwamanzi.

Ukuvikelwa ku-Frost

Njengoba amabhilikosi eqhakaza ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, angaba sengozini yesithwathwa sekwephuzile. Tshala endaweni eyehlelayo ukuze uvumele umoya obandayo uphume, noma eduze kodonga olubheke eningizimu olunikeza imfudumalo nesivikelo. Gwema izindawo eziphansi lapho amaphakethe esithwathwa akheka khona.

Ukuvikelwa Komoya

Nakuba ukugeleza komoya okuhle kusiza ekuvimbeleni izifo, umoya onamandla ungalimaza amagatsha nezimbali. Cabangela ukutshala lapho izakhiwo noma ezinye izihlahla zinikeza isivikelo somoya ngaphandle kokufiphaza isihlahla sakho samabhilikosi.

Ithiphu: Ezifundeni ezibandayo (Izindawo 4-6), cabanga ukutshala izihlahla zamabhilikosi ngodonga olubheke eningizimu futhi uziqeqeshe njengabalandeli. Lokhu kunikeza imfudumalo nokuvikelwa okwengeziwe, kusize izithelo zivuthwe kahle.

Isihlahla samabhilikosi esikhula elangeni eligcwele nesithelo esisawolintshi esivuthiwe kanye nokugeleza okuhle kwenhlabathi engadini yasemakhaya. Ulwazi olwengeziwe

Ukutshala Isihlahla Sakho Samabhilikosi

Indlela yokutshala efanele iqinisekisa isiqalo esiqinile sesihlahla sakho samabhilikosi

Nini Ukutshala

Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokutshala izihlahla zamabhilikosi kungenkathi yazo yokungalali - ekwindla sekwephuzile ngemva kokuwa kwamaqabunga noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga aqhume. Ezifundeni ezibandayo, ukutshala kwentwasahlobo kukhethwa ukugwema ukulimala kwasebusika ezihlahleni ezisanda kutshalwa. Ezindaweni ezifudumele, ukutshala kwekwindla kuvumela izimpande ukuthi ziqale ngaphambi kokuba kufike ukushisa kwehlobo.

Isinyathelo Ngesinyathelo Umhlahlandlela Wokutshala

Lungiselela imbobo yokutshala - Yimba imbobo ububanzi obuphindwe kabili kunesistimu yezimpande kodwa ijule kuphela njengebhola lempande. Lokhu kukhuthaza izimpande ukuthi zisabalele ngaphandle emhlabathini ozungezile.

Hlola izimpande - Ezihlahleni ezinezimpande ezingenalutho, nquma noma yiziphi izimpande ezilimele bese ucwilisa izimpande emanzini amahora angu-2-3 ngaphambi kokutshala. Ngezihlahla ezikhule ezitsheni, xegisa izimpande zangaphandle ngobumnene.

Misa isihlahla - Faka isihlahla emgodini ne-graft union (indawo evuvukele esiqwini) 2-3 amayintshi ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlabathi. Isihlahla kufanele sime siqonde.

Gcwalisa umgogodla ngokucophelela - Hlanganisa umhlabathi wendabuko nomquba (cishe umhlabathi ongama-70%, umquba ongu-30%) bese ugcwalisa izimpande, uqinise kancane ukuze ukhiphe amaphakethe omoya.

Nisela kahle - Yakha indishi ezungeze isihlahla bese uchelela ujule ukuze uhlele inhlabathi. Faka amanzi angama-2-3 amalitha.

Faka isimboza semboza ngabo izithombo zezihlahla ngendlela efanele - Faka ama-intshi angu-2-3 emboza ngabo iziyingi ezizungeze isihlahla, usigcine ngamasentimitha angu-3-4 kude nesiqu ukuvimbela ukubola.

Izidingo zesikhala

Uhlobo Lwesihlahla	Isikhala	Ukuphakama Okuvuthiwe
Okujwayelekile	15-20 izinyawo ngokuhlukana	15-25 amamitha
I-semi-dwarf	12-15 izinyawo ngokuhlukana	12-15 amamitha
I-Dwarf	8-10 izinyawo ngokuhlukana	8-10 izinyawo

Izinyathelo ezine ezilandelanayo ezibonisa inqubo yokutshala isihlahla samabhilikosi esisencane, kusukela ekumbeni umgodi kuya ekubhampeni inhlabathi. Ulwazi olwengeziwe

Ukunakekela Nokunakekela Okuqhubekayo

Ukunisela Isheduli

Izihlahla Ezincane (iminyaka engu-1-3)

Izihlahla zamabhilikosi ezisanda kutshalwa zidinga ukuchelela njalo ukuze kusungulwe izimpande eziqinile. Nisela kakhulu kanye ngesonto, unikeze cishe amalitha ayi-5 esihlahleni ngasinye. Ngezikhathi ezishisayo, ezomile, khuphuka ube kabili ngesonto. Umhlabathi kufanele ube nomswakama kodwa ungalokothi ube manzi.

Izihlahla Ezimisiwe

Uma sezisunguliwe, izihlahla zamabhilikosi ziyakwazi ukumelana nesomiso kodwa zisadinga umswakama ongaguquki, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokukhula kwezithelo. Nisela ngokujulile njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-10-14 ngesikhathi sokukhula, unikeze cishe amalitha ayi-10 iyintshi ngalinye lobubanzi besiqu.

Nisela amanzi emgqeni wokuconsa wesihlahla (indawo engaphansi kwamagatsha angaphandle), hhayi esiqwini. Lokhu kukhuthaza izimpande ukuba zikhule ngaphandle, kudala isihlahla esizinzile. Ukunisela ekuseni ekuseni kungcono kakhulu ukunciphisa ukuhwamuka kanye nobungozi bezifo.

Ukuvundisa

Ukudla okunomsoco kusiza isihlahla sakho samabhilikosi sikhule ngamandla futhi sikhiqize izithelo ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Kodwa-ke, ukufaka umanyolo ngokweqile kungaholela ekukhuleni kwemifino ngokweqile ngenxa yokukhiqizwa kwezithelo.

Inkathi Yesihlahla	Uhlobo Lomanyolo	Inani	Isikhathi Sokufaka Isicelo
Unyaka woku-1	Kulinganisiwe (10-10-10)	1/4 lb	Intwasahlobo ngemva kokukhula iqala
Unyaka wesi-2	Kulinganisiwe (10-10-10)	1/2 lb	Hlukanisa phakathi kwasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo nasekuqaleni kwehlobo
Iminyaka engu-3+	Kulinganisiwe (10-10-10)	1 lb iyintshi ngayinye yobubanzi besiqu	Hlukanisa phakathi kwasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo nasekuqaleni kwehlobo

Umfanekiso obonisa ukuthenwa ebusika, ukuchelela entwasahlobo, ukuvunwa kwasehlobo, nokuhlanzwa kwamaqabunga ekwindla ezihlahla zamabhilikosi. Ulwazi olwengeziwe

Ukuthena

Ukuthena kubalulekile ukuze izihlahla zamabhilikosi zigcine ukuma kwazo, zikhuthaze izinkuni ezithela izithelo, futhi zivumele ukungena okulula. Ngokungafani nezihlahla eziningi zezithelo, amabhilikosi kufanele athenwe ngasekupheleni kwehlobo ngemva kokuvuna ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yokutheleleka komdlavuza webhaktheriya.

Imigomo Yokuthena:

Dala isikhungo esivulekile noma ifomu lomholi elishintshiwe elimaphakathi
Susa amagatsha afile, agulayo, noma awela
Nciphisa izindawo eziminyene ukuze uthuthukise ukuhamba komoya
Gcina ubude besihlahla ukuze uvune kalula
Khuthaza ukhuni olusha lwezithelo (isithelo samabhilikosi ngokhuni olunonyaka owodwa)

Ukunciphisa Izithelo

Izihlahla zamabhilikosi zivame ukuthela izithelo eziningi kunalezo ezingakwazi ukuzisekela ngosayizi ofanele. Uma izithelo zilingana nekota (imvamisa emavikini angu-3-4 ngemva kokuqhakaza), zinciphise zibe isithelo esisodwa njalo ngamasentimitha angu-4-6 eduze kwegatsha. Lokhu kuvimbela ukuphuka kwamagatsha futhi kuthuthukisa usayizi wezithelo kanye nekhwalithi.

Umlimi wensimu usebenzisa izikele zokuthena ukunquma igatsha lesihlahla samabhilikosi, ekhombisa ama-engeli alungile wokuthena nezindlela. Ulwazi olwengeziwe

Ukulawula Izinambuzane Nezifo

Ukuhlonza nokubhekana nezinkinga ezivamile kusenesikhathi kuyisihluthulelo sempilo yesihlahla. Izihlahla zamabhilikosi zingabhekana nezinselele eziningana ezivela ezinambuzaneni nasezifweni. Ukuhlonzwa kusenesikhathi nokungenelela kubalulekile ekugcineni isihlahla sinempilo kanye nekhwalithi yezithelo lapho utshala amabhilikosi.

Izinambuzane Ezivamile

Izintwala

Lezi zinambuzane ezincane zihlangana ekukhuleni okusha futhi zimunce amajusi ezitshalo, zenze amaqabunga agoqe futhi enze isihlahla sibe buthaka. Lawula ngezifutho ezinamandla zamanzi, insipho ebulala izinambuzane, noma ngokukhuthaza izinambuzane eziwusizo njengama-ladybugs.

Ama-Peach Tree Borers

Lezi zimpungushe zingena esiqwini eduze nezinga lomhlabathi, okubangela ukuphuma kwezinsini futhi kwenze isihlahla sibe buthaka. Vimbela ngonogada beziqu futhi ugcine ukuthuthwa kwendle okuhle eduze kwesisekelo sesihlahla.

I-Plum Curculio

Ibhungane elincane elibanga izibazi ezimise okwenyanga ezithelweni futhi lizalele amaqanda ngaphakathi. Lawula ngokuqoqa futhi ucekele phansi izithelo eziwile futhi usebenzise izifutho ezifanele zemvelo ngesikhathi sokubekela amaqanda.

Izinyoni

Izinyoni zithanda amabhilikosi avuthiwe njengoba senza! Vikela isithelo ngamanethi noma ngezinto ezisetshenziswayo lapho izithelo ziqala ukuba nemibala.

Izifo Ezivamile

Amasu Okuvikela

Khetha izinhlobo ezimelana nezifo
Qinisekisa isikhala esifanele sokujikeleza komoya
Sika ngesikhathi sezulu esomile ngasekupheleni kwehlobo
Hlanza amaqabunga awile nezithelo
Faka izifutho ezithule ebusika
Gcina ukudla okunomsoco nokunisela

Izifo Ezivamile

Ukubola okunsundu - isifo sokukhunta esithinta izimbali nezithelo
I-bacterial canker - ibangela i-gummosis kanye nokufa kwegatsha
Isifo se-Shot hole - sidala izimbobo ezincane emaqabunga
I-Powdery mildew - i-white powdery coating emaqabunga
Crown gall - isifo sebhaktheriya esidala ukukhula ezimpandeni

Okubalulekile: Njalo hlonza izinambuzane noma isifo esithile ngaphambi kokwelashwa. Izinkinga eziningi zingavinjelwa ngokusebenzisa amasiko afanele esikhundleni sokulawula amakhemikhali. Uma usebenzisa noma yisiphi isifutho, landela iziqondiso zelebula ngokucophelela futhi ubheke izikhathi zangaphambi kokuvuna.

Isithombe esifundisayo esibonisa izinambuzane ezivamile zesihlahla samabhilikosi nezifo ezihlanganisa izintwala, ukubola okunsundu, isifo se-shot hole, kanye nebhu lezithelo zaseMpumalanga elinezithombe ezilebulwe. Ulwazi olwengeziwe

Ukuvuna futhi Ujabulela Amabhilikosi Akho

Isikhathi Sokuvuna

Amabhilikosi ngokuvamile alungele ukuvunwa ekuqaleni kwaphakathi nehlobo, kuye ngesimo sezulu sakho kanye nezinhlobonhlobo. Ngokungafani nezinye izithelo, amabhilikosi awaqhubeki evuthwa kakhulu ngemva kokukha, ngakho isikhathi sibalulekile lapho ukhula amabhilikosi.

Izimpawu zokuvuthwa:

Isithelo sibe nombala ogcwele (osagolide-owolintshi, kwesinye isikhathi sibe nokubomvu okuluhlaza)
Inyama ithela kancane ekucindezelweni okuthambile
Iphunga elimnandi liyabonakala
Izithelo zihlukana kalula negatsha ngokusonteka kancane

Isu Lokuvuna

Phatha amabhilikosi ngobumnene njengoba elimaza kalula. Beka isithelo entendeni yesandla sakho bese usonta kancane noma uphakamisele phezulu ukuze usihlukanise nesiqu. Gwema ukudonsa, okungalimaza kokubili isithelo kanye ne-fruiting spurs edingekayo esitshalweni sonyaka ozayo.

Isandla esivuna amabhilikosi avuthiwe esihlahleni eduze kwetafula eligcwele ujamu wamabhilikosi, i-tart, nesithelo esisha ekukhanyeni kwemvelo. Ulwazi olwengeziwe

Isitoreji Nokulondolozwa

Isitoreji Esisha

Amabhilikosi avuthiwe azohlala ekamelweni lokushisa izinsuku ezingu-1-2. Ukuze ugcine isikhathi eside, faka isithelo esingageziwe esiqandisini endaweni eyodwa kuze kube isonto elilodwa. Letha ekamelweni lokushisa ngaphambi kokudla ukuze uthole ukunambitheka okungcono kakhulu.

Umbono oseduze wamahafu amabhilikosi amasha ahlelwe kahle ebhodini lamapulangwe elinokukhanya kwemvelo okufudumele. Ulwazi olwengeziwe

Ukubanda

Hlukanisa bese ugoba amabhilikosi, bese uwabamba ethreyini ngaphambi kokuwadlulisela ezikhwameni zesiqandisi. Kungenjalo, yenza isiraphu elula nezingxenye ezi-3 zamanzi ku-1 ingxenye kashukela, bese ufriza amabhilikosi kusiraphu ezitsheni.

Iziqukathi ezintathu zepulasitiki ezicacile ezigcwele izingcezu zamabhilikosi eziqandisiwe endaweni yetshe eyenziwe ngomumo. Ulwazi olwengeziwe

Ukulondoloza

Amabhilikosi angcono kakhulu ekwenzeni ujamu noma ukuwafaka. Okuqukethwe kwawo okuphezulu kwe-pectin kuwenza alungele ukulondolozwa, kungaba yedwa noma kuhlanganiswe nezinye izithelo ezifana namajikijolo.

Izimbiza ezintathu zejamu yebhilikosi eyenziwe ekhaya enamalebula amhlophe etafuleni lepulangwe elizungezwe amabhilikosi amasha kanye nesitsha esincane sikajamu. Ulwazi olwengeziwe

Ukomisa

Amabhilikosi angomiswa kumshini wokukhipha amanzi emzimbeni ukuze enze isidlo esihlwabusayo nesinempilo.

Imigqa yezingcezu zamabhilikosi omisiwe awolintshi aqhakazile ahlelwe kahle endaweni yokomisa enezikhala zensimbi. Ulwazi olwengeziwe

Isiphetho: Ukujabulela Izithelo Zomsebenzi Wakho

Ukukhulisa amabhilikosi engadini yakho yasekhaya kunikeza imivuzo edlula kude lesi sithelo esimnandi. Kusukela ekuqhakazeni okumangalisayo kwentwasahlobo kuya ekwaneliseni ukwabelana ngesivuno sakho, isihlahla samabhilikosi siba ifa eliphilayo endaweni yakho. Nakuba lezi zihlahla zidinga ukunakwa nokunakekelwa okuthile, amasu achazwe kulo mhlahlandlela azosiza ukuqinisekisa impumelelo yakho.

Khumbula ukuthi ukubekezela kuyisihluthulelo - izihlahla eziningi zamabhilikosi zithatha iminyaka engu-3-4 ngaphambi kokukhiqiza isivuno esibalulekile. Sebenzisa lesi sikhathi ukuze ufunde izidingo ezithile zesihlahla sakho namaphethini. Unyaka ngamunye, uzojwayelana kangcono nomjikelezo wayo wokukhula futhi ukuhlomele kangcono ukubhekana nanoma yiziphi izinselele eziphakamayo.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uluma ibhilikosi elishiswe yilanga uqonde esihlahleni, ulondoloza inhlanhla yasehlobo ukuze ujabulele ukuzijabulisa kwasebusika, noma ukwabelana ngesivuno sakho nabangani nomakhelwane, ukutshala amabhilikosi kukuxhumanisa nesigqi semvelo esingapheli kanye nenjabulo elula yokunakekela okuthile okuhle nokumnandi.

Isihlahla samabhilikosi esivuthiwe esigcwele isithelo esisawolintshi esivuthiwe engadini engemuva kwendlu enelanga elibiyelwe ngokhuni notshani obuluhlaza. Ulwazi olwengeziwe

Ukufunda Okuqhubekayo

Uma ukujabulele lokhu okuthunyelwe, ungaphinda uthande lezi ziphakamiso: