Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Wokukhulisa Amathanga Engadini Yakho Yasekhaya
Kushicilelwe: Februwari 24, 2026 20:55:53 UTC
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uphupha ngokubaza izibani ze-jack-o'-lantern ezisabekayo noma ubhaka ama-pie amnandi enziwe ekhaya, ukutshala amathanga engadini yakho kungaba yinto ezuzisayo.
A Complete Guide to Growing Pumpkins in Your Home Garden
Amathanga atshalwe eNyakatho Melika cishe iminyaka engu-5,000, futhi ngesizathu esihle - ayaguquguquka, anomsoco, futhi aletha uhlobo olukhethekile lwenjabulo emikhosini yasekwindla. Lo mhlahlandlela ophelele uzokuqondisa kuzo zonke izigaba zokukhulisa amathanga, kusukela ekukhetheni uhlobo olufanele kuya ekuvuneni nasekugcineni ingcebo yakho etshalwe ekhaya.
Ukuhlela Nokulungiselela
Ukukhetha Uhlobo Olufanele Lwethanga
Amathanga afika ngobubanzi obumangalisayo bobukhulu, ukuma, nemibala. Ngaphambi kokutshala, cabanga ngalokho ofuna ukukusebenzisa amathanga akho:
| Uhlobo | Usayizi | Ukusetshenziswa Okuhle Kakhulu | Izinhlobo Ezidumile |
| Amathanga Amancane | Ngaphansi kwe-1 lb | Ukuhlobisa | UJack-Be-Little, uMunchkin, iSweetie Pie |
| Amathanga ephayi | 4-8 amakhilogremu | Ukupheka, ukubhaka | Ukwelashwa Koshukela, Ushukela Omncane, Ukwelashwa Okuthathu |
| Ukuqopha Amathanga | Amakhilogremu angu-10-20 | Izibani ze-Jack-o' | Igolide lasekwindla, i-Jack-O-Lantern, i-Spirit |
| Amathanga Amakhulu | Amakhilogremu angu-50+ | Imincintiswano, imibukiso | I-Dill's Atlantic Giant, i-Big Max, uMnqobi Womklomelo |
Ukuqonda Izidingo Zesikhala
Imivini yamathanga idinga indawo eningi yokusabalala. Izinhlobo zemivini zendabuko zingakhula ngamamitha angu-10-20 kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, kuyilapho izinhlobo zezihlahla ezincane zidinga isikhala esincane. Cabanga ngalezi ziqondiso zesikhala:
- Izinhlobo ezincane: 15-36 square feet ngesitshalo ngasinye
- Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile: 50-100 square feet ngesitshalo ngasinye
- Izinhlobo ezinkulu: Kufika ku-1,000 square feet ngesitshalo ngasinye
Uma isikhala sincane, cabanga ngokutshala amathanga phezulu esisekelweni esiqinile (ngezinhlobo ezincane kuphela) noma ukhethe izinhlobo ezikhula kancane ezikhiqiza imivini emifushane.
Ukukhanya kwelanga nendawo
Amathanga athanda ilanga futhi adinga okungenani amahora ayisithupha okukhanya kwelanga okuqondile nsuku zonke, kanti amahora angu-8-10 afaneleka kakhulu. Uma ukhetha indawo engadini yakho:
- Khetha indawo ekhanyiswe ilanga ngokuphelele
- Qinisekisa ukuthi umoya uhamba kahle ukuze unciphise ingozi yesifo
- Cabanga ngokutshala eduze komphetho wengadi yakho ukuze imivini ikwazi ukusabalala ngaphandle
- Gwema izindawo lapho amanzi echibini ngemva kwemvula
Ukulungiswa Kwenhlabathi Nokutshala
Izidingo Zomhlaba
Amathanga ayizitshalo ezidla kakhulu ezikhula kahle enhlabathini ecebile nekhipha amanzi kahle. Indawo efanele yokukhulisa amathanga inalokhu okulandelayo:
- Izinga le-pH eliphakathi kuka-6.0 no-6.8
- Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezinto eziphilayo
- Ukugeleza kwamanzi okuhle ukuvimbela ukubola kwezimpande
- Izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi elifudumele (okungenani ama-degrees Fahrenheit angu-70 ukuze kuhlume)
Ukulungisa Inhlabathi Yakho
Qala ukulungisa inhlabathi yakho amasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu ngaphambi kokutshala:
- Hlola inhlabathi yakho ukuze uthole amazinga e-pH kanye nezakhamzimba
- Faka umquba noma umquba osemdala (amasentimitha angu-4-6) bese uwufaka enhlabathini engaphezulu engamasentimitha angu-12.
- Uma ufuna inhlabathi yobumba enzima, engeza izinto eziphilayo ezengeziwe ukuze uthuthukise ukugeleza kwamanzi
- Cabanga ngokwakha izindunduma noma amagquma angamasentimitha angu-8-12 ukuphakama kanye namasentimitha angu-12-15 ububanzi
- Ezindaweni ezipholile, fudumeza inhlabathi ngokuyimboza ngepulasitiki emnyama isonto lonke ngaphambi kokutshala
Nini Ukutshala
Isikhathi sibalulekile lapho kutshalwa amathanga:
- Tshala ngemva kokuba yonke ingozi yesithwathwa isidlulile futhi inhlabathi isifudumele okungenani kufika ku-70°F
- Ezifundeni eziningi, lokhu kusho ukuphela kukaMeyi kuya ekuqaleni kukaJuni
- Uma ufuna amathanga e-Halloween, bala ubuyele emuva kusukela maphakathi no-Okthoba (cishe izinsuku eziyi-100-120 kuye ngohlobo lwawo)
- Ezimweni ezifudumele zaseningizimu, tshala ekuqaleni kukaJulayi ukuze kuvunwe ekwindla
Izindlela Zokutshala
Ungaqala amathanga ngokutshala imbewu ngqo noma ngokutshala izithombo:
Ukuhlwanyela Okuqondile
- Tshala imbewu ijule nge-intshi eyodwa emagqumeni noma emigqeni
- Beka imbewu engu-4-5 ngegquma ngalinye, bese wehlisa ukuze kube nezithombo eziqinile ezingu-2-3
- Amagquma asemkhathini aqhelelene ngamafidi angu-4-8, kuye ngokuthi anjani
- Uma utshala imigqa, hlwanyela imbewu ibanga elingamasentimitha angu-6-12, bese uyinciphisa ibe yisitshalo esisodwa njalo ngamasentimitha angu-18-36.
Ukutshala kabusha
- Qala imbewu endlini amasonto amabili kuya kwamane ngaphambi kweqhwa lokugcina
- Sebenzisa izimbiza ze-peat ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwezimpande lapho utshala izitshalo
- Lungisa izithombo isonto lonke ngaphambi kokutshala ngaphandle
- Tshala kabusha uma izithombo zinamaqabunga eqiniso angu-2-3
Ukunakekelwa Nokunakekelwa
Ukunisela
Ukunisela kahle kubalulekile ekukhuleni kwethanga:
- Nikeza amasentimitha angu-1-2 amanzi ngesonto, kuye ngesimo sezulu
- Nisela ngokujulile phansi kwezitshalo, ugweme amaqabunga
- Sebenzisa i-drip irrigation noma amapayipi okucwilisa ukuze unciphise ingozi yesifo
- Nisela ekuseni ukuze amaqabunga ome ngaphambi kokuhlwa
- Khulisa ukuchelela ngesikhathi sokukhula kwezithelo
- Nciphisa ukuchelela njengoba izithelo zivuthwa futhi zisondela esikhathini sokuvuna
Ukuvundisa
Amathanga ayizinto zokudla ezisindayo ezizuza ngomanyolo ojwayelekile:
- Faka umanyolo olinganiselayo (10-10-10) lapho imivini iqala ukuhluma
- Faka umquba eceleni noma umquba osukhulile lapho izimbali ziqala ukwakheka
- Cabanga ngokushintshela kumanyolo one-phosphorus ne-potassium ephezulu (njengo-5-10-10) lapho izithelo ziqala ukumila.
- Gwema i-nitrogen eningi, ekhuthaza ukukhula kwamaqabunga ngezindleko zezithelo
- Yeka ukufaka umquba cishe inyanga ngaphambi kokuvuna
Ukuthuthwa kwempova
Amathanga akhiqiza izimbali zesilisa nezesifazane ezihlukene esitshalweni esifanayo. Ukuqonda ukuvundiswa kwempova kusiza ukuqinisekisa isivuno esihle:
Izimbali zesifazane (kwesokudla) zinezithelo ezincane phansi, kanti izimbali zesilisa (kwesobunxele) zineziqu eziqondile
- Izimbali zesilisa zivela kuqala, kulandele izimbali zesifazane
- Izimbali zesifazane zinephunga elincane elivuvukele (ithanga lesikhathi esizayo) phansi
- Izinyosi yizona eziyinhloko ezithutha impova
- Uma umsebenzi wezinyosi uphansi, ungawufaka ngesandla impova ngokudlulisa impova kusuka ezimbalini zesilisa kuya kwezinsikazi usebenzisa ibhulashi elincane
- Gwema ukusebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza ukuze uvikele izinambuzane ezithutha impova
Ukulawulwa Kwezinambuzane Nezifo
Amathanga angabhekana nezinselele eziningana ezivela ezinambuzaneni nasezifweni:
Izinambuzane Ezivamile
- Izimbungulu ze-squash - Sebenzisa izembozo zemigqa kuze kube yilapho ziqhakaza; khetha ama-akhula kanye namaqanda ngesandla
- Amabhungane ekhukhamba - Faka izibulala-zinambuzane eziphilayo; sebenzisa izicupho ezinamathelayo eziphuzi
- Izimbobo zemivini ye-squash - Songa iziqu nge-foil; faka i-Bt eziqwini ezithintekile
- Ama-Aphid - Futha ngensipho yokubulala izinambuzane noma uwoyela we-neem
Izifo Ezivamile
- Isikhunta Esiyimpuphu - Qinisekisa ukuthi umoya uhamba kahle; faka ama-fungicide kusenesikhathi
- Isikhunta se-Downy - Gwema ukuchelela ngaphezulu; sebenzisa izinhlobo ezimelana naso
- Ukubuna kwamagciwane - Lawula amabhungane ekhukhamba; susa izitshalo ezithelelekile
- Ukubola kwezimbali - Gcina umswakama wenhlabathi uhambisana; engeza i-calcium
Ukunakekelwa Kwesivini Nezithelo
Njengoba amathanga akho ekhula, le mikhuba izosiza ekukhiqizeni izithelo ezisezingeni eliphezulu:
- Beka ucezu lwekhadibhodi noma utshani ngaphansi kwezithelo ezikhulayo ukuze uvimbele ukubola
- Phendula kancane amathanga amakhulu ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze ukhuthaze ukukhula okulinganayo (kodwa gwema ukuphula isiqu)
- Sika imivini yesibili uma indawo yokukhulisa incane
- Ukuze uthole amathanga amnandi, susa zonke izithelo ngaphandle kwesisodwa noma ezimbili ngesitshalo ngasinye
- Vikela imivini ekulimaleni ngenxa yokuhamba ngezinyawo noma imishini
Ukuvuna Nokugcina
Isikhathi Sokuvuna
Ukwazi ukuthi amathanga asekulungele ukuvunwa nini kuqinisekisa ikhwalithi engcono kakhulu kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kokugcinwa:
- Vuna lapho amathanga esefinyelele umbala ogcwele ngenxa yohlobo lwawo
- Impundu kufanele ibe lukhuni futhi imelane nokubhobozwa kusuka kusithonjana sakho esincane
- Isiqu siqala ukoma bese siba yizinkuni
- Izihlahla zemivini ziqala ukubola
- Vuna ngaphambi kokuba kube nesithwathwa sokuqala esiqinile, okungalimaza izithelo
- Izinhlobo eziningi zivuthwa ezinsukwini ezingama-90-120 ngemva kokutshala
Indlela Yokuvuna
Indlela efanele yokuvuna isisiza ukuthi amathanga ahlale isikhathi eside:
- Sebenzisa izikere zokuthena ezibukhali noma ummese ukusika isiqu
- Shiya amasentimitha angu-3-4 esiqu esinamathele ethangeni
- Ungalokothi uphakamise amathanga ngesiqu - ukusekela kusuka ngaphansi
- Phatha ngokucophelela ukuze ugweme ukusikeka noma imihuzuko eholela ekuboleni
- Vuna ngosuku olomile nolunelanga uma kungenzeka
Ukwelapha Amathanga
Ukwelapha kusiza ukuqinisa isikhumba futhi kuthuthukise isikhathi sokugcina:
- Beka amathanga avuniwe endaweni efudumele (80-85°F), eyomile enomoya omuhle ojikelezayo
- Zigcine kude nelanga eliqondile
- Ukwelapha izinsuku eziyi-10-14
- Sula ngesisombululo se-bleach esincane (isipuni esisodwa se-bleach emanzini angamalitha angu-1) ukuvimbela isikhunta
Isitoreji Amathiphu
Uma igcinwe kahle, amathanga angahlala izinyanga:
- Gcina endaweni epholile, eyomile enamazinga okushisa aphakathi kuka-50-55°F
- Gcina umswakama uphakathi kuka-50-70%
- Hlela amathanga ngesendlalelo esisodwa, ungathintani
- Beka phezu kwekhadibhodi, ukhuni, noma utshani ukuze uthuthukise ukujikeleza komoya
- Hlola njalo bese ususa noma yiziphi ezibonisa izimpawu zokubola
- Amathanga agcinwe kahle angahlala izinyanga ezingu-2-3 noma ngaphezulu
Ukuxazulula Izinkinga Ezivamile
Ukuqaphela izimpawu kusenesikhathi kusiza ekuxazululeni izinkinga ngaphambi kokuba zithinte isivuno sakho
Izinkinga Zezitshalo
| Inkinga | Izimpawu | Imbangela | Isixazululo |
| Amaqabunga Aphuzi | Amaqabunga aphenduka aphuzi, aqala ngamaqabunga amadala | Ukuntuleka kwe-nitrogen, ukuchelela ngokweqile, noma izifo | Hlola ukugeleza kwamanzi enhlabathini; faka umanyolo olinganiselayo; hlola izifo |
| Izitshalo Ezibunayo | Izitshalo ziyabuna naphezu komswakama owanele | Izimbobo zemivini ye-squash noma i-bacterial wilt | Bheka izimbobo zokungena eziqwini; faka i-Bt; susa izitshalo ezithelelekile |
| Izimbali Ziwa | Izimbali ziyawa ngaphandle kokuthela izithelo | Ukungavundisi kahle kwempova, amazinga okushisa aphezulu, noma ukucindezeleka | Hlanza impova ngesandla; nikeza umthunzi ngesikhathi sokushisa okukhulu; qinisekisa ukunisela njalo |
| Ukukhula Okungazinzile | Izitshalo zihlala zincane futhi ukukhula komvini kuncane | Inhlabathi embi, amazinga okushisa apholile, noma ukulimala kwezimpande | Thuthukisa inhlabathi ngomquba; qinisekisa izimo zokukhula ezifudumele; gwema ukuphazamisa izimpande |
Izinkinga Zezithelo
| Inkinga | Izimpawu | Imbangela | Isixazululo |
| Ukubola Kokuphela Kwezimbali | Indawo emnyama, etshonile phansi kwezithelo | Ukuntuleka kwe-calcium, ukunisela okungaguquki | Gcina umswakama wenhlabathi ulingana; engeza i-calcium enhlabathini |
| Isithelo Esimise Kahle | Ukukhula okungajwayelekile, amathanga ahlukene | Ukungavundi kahle noma ukukhula endaweni engalingani | Faka impova ngesandla; beka izithelo ezikhulayo endaweni eqondile |
| Ukubola Kwezithelo | Amabala athambile, isikhunta, noma ukubola kwezithelo | Ukuthintana nomhlabathi, umswakama owedlulele, noma isifo sesikhunta | Beka ikhadibhodi noma utshani ngaphansi kwezithelo; thuthukisa ukujikeleza komoya |
| Amathanga Amancane | Izithelo ezincane kunalokho obekulindelwe ukuze zihluke | Izithelo eziningi kakhulu ngomvini ngamunye, ukudla okunomsoco, noma ukucindezeleka | Nciphisa izithelo zibe zimbalwa ngesivini ngasinye; thuthukisa ukuvunda kwenhlabathi; nciphisa ukucindezeleka kwezitshalo |
Ukutshala Okuhambisanayo Kwamathanga
Ukutshala kwendabuko kwe-"Three Sisters" kuhlanganisa ummbila, ubhontshisi kanye namathanga ukuze kuzuze wonke umuntu
Ukutshala okunobuhlakani kungasiza ekuvimbeleni izinambuzane, kudonsele izinambuzane eziwusizo, futhi kwandise isikhala sengadi. Cabanga ngalaba bangane endaweni yakho yamathanga:
Abangane Abahle
- Ummbila - Uhlinzeka ngokugoba kwemvelo kanye nomthunzi
- Ubhontshisi - Lungisa i-nitrogen enhlabathini edingwa ngamathanga
- I-Nasturtiums - Xosha izimbungulu ze-squash kanye ne-cucumber beetle
- Ama-Marigolds - Ama-nematode avimbelayo nezinye izinambuzane zomhlabathi
- Ama-Radishes - Amabhungane e-Deter cucumber
- I-Mint - Ixosha izinambuzane eziningi zasegadini (ingcono kakhulu ezitsheni ukuvimbela ukusabalala)
Izitshalo Okufanele Zigweme
- Amazambane - Ukuncintisana ngokudla izakhamzimba futhi kungandisa ingozi yesifo
- Ezinye izinhlobo ze-squash - Yabelana ngezinambuzane nezifo
- Ama-Brassicas (iklabishi, i-broccoli) - Bangisana ngokudla okunomsoco
- I-Fennel - Ivimbela ukukhula kwezitshalo eziningi zengadi
Indlela Yodadewabo Abathathu
Le ndlela yokutshala yendabuko yamaNdiya aseMelika ihlanganisa ummbila, ubhontshisi, namathanga (noma i-squash) ngendlela ezuzisayo zombili:
- Tshala ummbila ngesiyingi noma ngesikwele, uhlukanise izitshalo ngamasentimitha angu-12.
- Uma ummbila ufinyelela kumasentimitha angu-1.5 ubude, tshala ubhontshisi oqoshiwe nxazonke kwesiqu ngasinye
- Ngemva kwesonto, tshala imbewu yethanga nxazonke
- Ummbila unikeza ukwesekwa kobhontshisi, i-nitrogen eqinisiwe kabhontshisi, kanti imivini yethanga isebenza njenge-mulch ephilayo
Ukusebenzisa Amathanga Akho Akhulele Ekhaya
Amathanga akhulele ekhaya angasetshenziswa ekuphekeni, ekuhlobiseni, ngisho nasekugcineni imbewu
Ukusetshenziswa Culinary
Amathanga ephayi kanye nezinye izinhlobo eziningi zenza izithako ezinhle kakhulu zokudla okuhlukahlukene:
- Amaphayi, izinkwa, nezinye izinto ezibhakiwe
- Isobho nezitshulu
- Ithanga elithosiwe njengesidlo esiseceleni
- I-pumpkin puree yezindlela zokupheka (ingaqandiswa ukuze isetshenziswe kamuva)
- Imbewu yethanga eyosiwe yokudla okulula
Ukusetshenziswa Kokuhlobisa
Ngaphandle kokupheka, amathanga enza imihlobiso emihle kakhulu:
- Izibani ze-jack-o'-lantern eziqoshiwe zendabuko
- Amathanga apendiwe (indlela ephephile yokuwaba izingane)
- Izinto eziyinhloko kanye nemihlobiso yetafula
- Imibukiso yasekwindla yangaphandle
Ukulondoloza Imbewu
Londoloza imbewu evela emathanga akho amahle kakhulu engadini yonyaka ozayo:
- Khetha amathanga avuthiwe ngokuphelele ezitshalweni ezinempilo
- Khipha imbewu bese ugeza ukuze ususe uqweqwe
- Imbewu yomile ngokuphelele emathawulweni ephepha amasonto angu-1-2
- Gcina endaweni epholile, eyomile ezimvilophini zephepha ezinelebula
- Qaphela: Imbewu evela ezinhlotsheni ezixubile ngeke ikhule kahle ukuze ifane nohlobo lwayo
Ikhalenda Lokukhulisa Ithanga
Lo mugqa wesikhathi ojwayelekile uzokusiza ukuhlela imisebenzi yakho yokukhulisa ithanga. Lungisa izinsuku ngokusekelwe esimweni sezulu sakho sendawo kanye nesimiso sesithwathwa:
| Ubude besikhathi | Imisebenzi |
| Amaviki ama-2-3 ngaphambi kokutshala | Hlola futhi ulungise inhlabathi; yakha amagquma noma imigqa; engeza umquba kanye nomanyolo |
| Amaviki ama-2-4 ngaphambi kweqhwa lokugcina | Qala imbewu endlini (uma utshala kabusha); inhlabathi efudumele ngepulasitiki emnyama |
| Ngemva kwesithwathwa sokugcina (inhlabathi engu-70°F+) | Imbewu yokuhlwanyela ngqo noma ukufakelwa izithombo; faka izisekelo uma zikhula ziqonde phezulu |
| Lapho imivini iqala ukugeleza | Faka umanyolo; nciphisa izitshalo uma kudingeka; faka izembozo zemigqa ukuze uvikele izinambuzane |
| Uma kuvela izimbali | Susa izembozo zemigqa ukuze uvumele ukuthuthwa kwempova; thumela impova ngesandla uma kudingeka |
| Uma izithelo ziqala ukumila | Beka ikhadibhodi noma utshani ngaphansi kwezithelo ezikhulayo; ncipha ube yinani olifunayo ngesivini ngasinye |
| Izinsuku ezingu-30 ngaphambi kokuvuna | Nciphisa ukuchelela; susa amaqabunga abe nombala wezithelo; yeka ukufaka umquba |
| Uma izithelo zifinyelela umbala ogcwele | Vuna ngaphambi kweqhwa lokuqala; lungisa izinsuku eziyi-10-14; lungiselela ukugcina |
Isiphetho
Ngokunakekelwa okufanele nokunakwa, i-pumpkin patch yakho ingathela isivuno esihle nesiningi
Ukutshala amathanga kudinga isineke nokunaka, kodwa imivuzo iwufanele umzamo. Kusukela enjabulweni yokubona izithombo zokuqala ziphuma kuze kube ukwaneliseka kokuvuna amathanga akho asekhaya, uhambo lugcwele amathuba okufunda kanye nenjabulo elula. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi utshala izinhlobo ezincane zokuhlobisa noma uzama ukukhulisa umklomelo omkhulu, izimiso eziyisisekelo zihlala zifana: ukunikeza inhlabathi ecebile, ilanga eliningi, amanzi ahlala njalo, kanye nokunakekelwa njalo.
Khumbula ukuthi isizini ngayinye yokulima iletha izifundo ezintsha, futhi ngisho nabalimi abanolwazi babhekana nezinselele. Ungadikibali ngenxa yezithiyo – zisebenzise njengamathuba okufunda nokuthuthukisa amasu akho onyaka ozayo. Ngolwazi olutholile kulo mhlahlandlela kanye nolwazi lwakho lokulima, uzobe uhlonyiswe kahle ukujabulela isiko elingapheli lokulima ithanga iminyaka ezayo.
Ukufunda Okuqhubekayo
Uma ukujabulele lokhu okuthunyelwe, ungaphinda uthande lezi ziphakamiso:
- Ukukhulisa Ama-Honeyberries Engadini Yakho: Umhlahlandlela Wokuvuna Okumnandi Kwasentwasahlobo
- Ukukhulisa i-Asparagus: Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Wabalimi Basemakhaya
- Ukukhulisa I-Broccoli Yakho: Umhlahlandlela Wabalimi Basekhaya