Jagoran Girman Alayyahu A cikin Lambun Gidanku
Buga: 10 Disamba, 2025 da 20:38:39 UTC
Noman alayyahu na ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi dacewa ga masu lambu a gida. Wannan koren ganye mai cike da sinadirai ba wai kawai yana ba da ɗimbin bitamin da ma'adanai ba har ma yana ba da ɗimbin yawa a cikin dafa abinci waɗanda wasu kayan lambu kaɗan kaɗan za su iya daidaitawa.
A Guide to Growing Spinach in Your Home Garden
Ko kai mafari ne da ke neman fara lambun kayan lambu na farko ko ƙwararren ɗan lambu da ke son kammala ƙwarewar girma na alayyafo, wannan cikakkiyar jagorar za ta bi ku ta duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da girma mafi kyawun alayyahu mai yuwuwa ta amfani da hanyoyin halitta.
Mafi kyawun nau'ikan alayyafo don lambunan Gida
Zaɓin nau'in alayyafo daidai yana da mahimmanci don nasara a takamaiman yanayin girma na ku. Akwai manyan nau'ikan alayyafo guda uku da za ku yi la'akari don lambun ku:
Manyan nau'ikan alayyafo guda uku: ganye mai santsi (hagu), Semi-savoy (tsakiya), da savoy (dama)
Savoy Spinach
Alayyahu na Savoy yana da murƙushe sosai, ganyaye masu kauri tare da launin kore mai duhu. Waɗannan nau'ikan galibi sun fi ƙarfin sanyi da juriya fiye da sauran nau'ikan.
- Bloomsdale Dogon Tsaya - Iri-iri na gado tare da kyakkyawan dandano wanda ke da saurin toshewa cikin yanayin dumi. Cikakke don masu farawa.
- Winter Bloomsdale - Na musamman mai jure sanyi, yana mai da shi manufa don dasa shuki da girbin hunturu a cikin yanayi mai sauƙi.
Semi-Savoy Spinach
Semi-savoy iri suna ba da tsakiyar ƙasa tare da ɗanɗano ɗanɗano ganye waɗanda ke da sauƙin tsaftacewa fiye da nau'ikan savoy yayin da suke ba da juriya mai kyau na cuta.
- Tyee - Mai jurewa zafi kuma yana jinkirin toshewa, tare da madaidaiciyar dabi'ar girma wacce ke kiyaye ganyen tsabta.
- Catalina - Mai saurin girma tare da kyakkyawan juriya ga mildew mai ƙasa, cikakke ga kwantena.
- Melody - Kyauta iri iri tare da juriya ga cututtuka da yawa da kyakkyawan dandano.
Alayyahu mai laushi-Leaf
Iri-iri-iri masu laushi suna da lebur, ganye masu siffa mai laushi waɗanda ke da sauƙin tsaftacewa kuma galibi ana fifita su don salads.
- Sarari - Mai saurin girma tare da santsi, ganyen zagaye da kyakkyawan juriya.
- Giant Nobel - Manyan ganye masu santsi tare da ɗanɗano mai laushi, manufa don duka dafa abinci da sabo.
- Red Kitten - Na musamman ja-veined iri-iri wanda ke ƙara sha'awar gani ga salads.
Madaidaicin Yanayin Ƙasa da Shirye
Alayyahu na bunƙasa a cikin ƙasa mai wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki, mai ruwa mai kyau tare da ɗan ƙaramin alkaline pH tsakanin 6.5 da 7.5. Shirye-shiryen ƙasa mai kyau yana da mahimmanci don haɓaka tsarin tushe mai ƙarfi da samar da ingantaccen ganye.
Shirya ƙasa tare da takin yana haifar da kyakkyawan yanayin girma don alayyafo
Gwaji da Daidaita Ƙasa pH
Kafin dasa shuki, gwada pH ɗinku ta amfani da kayan gwajin gida ko ta ofishin faɗaɗawa na gida. Alayyahu ya fi son yanayin alkaline kadan:
- Idan ƙasarku tana da acidic (a ƙasa 6.5), ƙara lemun tsami bisa ga umarnin kunshin.
- Idan ƙasarku ta yi ƙasa da alkaline (sama da 7.5), haɗa sulfur ko gansakuka don rage pH.
Ƙara Halitta Matter
Alayyahu abinci ne mai nauyi wanda ke amfana daga ƙasa mai arziƙi. Makonni biyu kafin shuka:
- Yi aiki inci 2-4 na takin da ya lalace sosai ko kuma taki mai tsufa a cikin saman inci 6-8 na ƙasa.
- Ƙara daidaitaccen taki bisa ga umarnin kunshin.
- Don ƙasan yumbu, ƙara ƙarin takin da ɗan ƙaramin yashi don inganta magudanar ruwa.
- Don ƙasa mai yashi, haɗa ƙarin takin don inganta riƙe ruwa.
Tsarin Ƙasa don Girman Kwantena
Idan girma alayyafo a cikin kwantena:
- Yi amfani da gaurayawan tukunyar tukwane mai inganci wanda aka gauraye da takin (rabo 2:1).
- Tabbatar da kwantena suna da isassun ramukan magudanar ruwa.
- Yi la'akari da ƙara simintin tsutsa don ƙarin abubuwan gina jiki.
Ingantattun Lokuttan Shuka da La'akari na Yanayi
Lokaci yana da mahimmanci lokacin girma alayyafo. A matsayin amfanin gona na lokacin sanyi, alayyahu yana girma mafi kyau lokacin da yanayin zafi ke tsakanin 45°F da 75°F (7°C-24°C). Lokacin da yanayin zafi ya tashi sama da 80 ° F (27 ° C), alayyafo zai yi sauri ya toshe (samar da furanni), yana sa ganyen suyi ɗaci.
Kalanda girma na alayyafo yana nuna ingantattun tagogin shuka don amfanin gona na bazara da fall
Shuka bazara
Don amfanin gona na bazara, lokaci yana da mahimmanci don girbi kafin yanayin zafi ya zo:
- Shuka tsaba makonni 4-6 kafin sanyin bazara na ƙarshe da ake tsammanin.
- Tsaba za su yi girma lokacin da yanayin ƙasa ya kai 40°F (4°C).
- Don farkon farawa, dumi ƙasa tare da filastik baƙar fata na mako guda kafin dasa shuki.
- Shuka tsire-tsire a kowane kwanaki 10-14 har sai yanayin zafi ya fara dumi.
Fall da dashen lokacin hunturu
Fall shine mafi kyawun lokacin girma na alayyafo, yayin da shuka ya girma a cikin sanyaya maimakon yanayin zafi:
- Fara shuka iri 6-8 makonni kafin farkon faɗuwar sanyi da ake tsammani.
- Ci gaba da dasa shuki kowane mako biyu har zuwa kamar makonni 4 kafin daskarewar farko.
- A cikin yankuna masu sanyi (Zones 8 da warmer), alayyafo na iya girma a cikin hunturu tare da ƙarancin kariya.
- A cikin yankuna masu sanyi, kare tsire-tsire tare da firam masu sanyi, murfin layi, ko ciyawa mai kauri don girbin hunturu.
La'akarin bazara
Alayyahu na al'ada yana gwagwarmaya a lokacin rani, amma kuna da zaɓuɓɓuka:
- Nemo nau'ikan jure zafi kamar 'Space' ko 'Tyee' don tsawaita girbin bazara.
- Yi la'akari da madadin alayyafo mai son zafi kamar Malabar alayyafo ko alayyafo na New Zealand don girma lokacin rani.
- Samar da inuwar rana don tsawaita girbin ku yayin da yanayin zafi ya tashi.
Umarnin Shuka Mataki-mataki
Dabarar dasawa da kyau tana da mahimmanci don samun nasarar ci gaban alayyahu da girma. Bi waɗannan cikakkun matakan matakai don shuka kai tsaye da dasawa.
Dasa tsaba na alayyafo a zurfin da ya dace da tazara yana tabbatar da germination mai kyau
Hanyar shuka kai tsaye
- Ƙirƙirar ƙwanƙwasa mai zurfi ½ inch mai zurfi ta amfani da gefen tulu ko yatsa.
- Layukan sarari tsakanin inci 12-18 don ba da damar samun kyakkyawan zagayawa na iska.
- Shuka tsaba a hankali, sanya su kusan inci 1 a cikin jere.
- Rufe tsaba da ½ inci na ƙasa mai kyau ko takin.
- Ruwa a hankali ta amfani da gwangwani mai ban sha'awa tare da abin da aka makala fure don guje wa raba iri.
- Rike ƙasa ta kasance mai ɗanɗano har sai germination, wanda yawanci yana ɗaukar kwanaki 7-14 dangane da zafin ƙasa.
Bakin ciki Seedlings
Da zarar seedlings sun haɓaka ganye na gaskiya na farko (ba farkon iri ba):
- Tsire-tsire masu kauri zuwa inci 3-4 tsakanin su don alayyafo na jarirai.
- Bakin ciki zuwa inci 6 baya ga cikakken ganye.
- Maimakon ja, snip ƙarin tsiro a matakin ƙasa don guje wa damun tushen tsiron da ya rage.
- Ƙara 'ya'yan itatuwa masu bakin ciki zuwa salads a matsayin microgreens masu gina jiki.
Dasa Kwantena
Alayyahu yana girma sosai a cikin kwantena aƙalla zurfin inci 6-8:
- Cika kwantena tare da cakuda tukunya zuwa kusan ½ inch a ƙasan baki.
- Yada tsaba a saman, yana nufin iri ɗaya kowane inci 2.
- Rufe da ¼ zuwa ½ inci na ƙasa da ruwa a hankali.
- Don ci gaba da girbi, shuka sabbin kwantena kowane mako 2-3.
Bukatun Ruwa da Kula da Danshi
Danshi madaidaici yana da mahimmanci don girma mai laushi, ganyen alayyafo mai zaki. Rashin shayarwa ba bisa ka'ida ba na iya haifar da ganyaye masu tauri, jinkirin girma, da dadewa da wuri.
Yawan Ruwa
Alayyahu yana da tushe mara zurfi waɗanda ke buƙatar samun dama ga danshi akai-akai:
- Samar da inci 1-1.5 na ruwa a kowane mako, a raba zuwa 2-3 waterings.
- Ruwa akai-akai a lokacin zafi, lokacin bushewa.
- Duba danshi na ƙasa ta hanyar saka yatsanka 1 inch cikin ƙasa-idan ya bushe, lokaci yayi da ruwa.
- Alayyahu da aka tsiro a cikin kwantena na iya buƙatar shayarwa yau da kullun, musamman a lokacin dumi.
Hanyoyin shayarwa
Yadda kuke shayarwa yana da mahimmanci kamar lokacin da kuke shayarwa:
- Ruwa a gindin tsire-tsire don kiyaye ganyen bushewa, wanda ke taimakawa hana cututtuka.
- Soaker hoses ko drip ban ruwa suna da kyau don daidaiton ruwa mai laushi.
- Ruwa da safe don barin duk wani ganyen da ya fantsama ya bushe da rana.
- A guji yayyafa ruwan sama wanda zai iya haɓaka cututtukan ganye.
Mulching don Riƙewar Danshi
Layer na ciyawa na halitta yana taimakawa wajen kiyaye damshin ƙasa:
- Aiwatar da Layer na inch 1-2 na ciyawa mai kyau kamar bambaro, ƙwayar ganye, ko takin.
- A kiyaye ciyawa kadan daga mai tushe don hana lalacewa.
- Mulch yana taimakawa wajen danne ciyayi kuma yana sanya ƙasa a yi sanyi, yana jinkirta bolting.
Tukwici na Ceto Ruwa: Shayar da safe yana rage ƙanƙara, yana tabbatar da ƙarin danshi ya kai tushen shuka. Ga kowane murabba'in ƙafa 10 na alayyafo, za ku buƙaci kusan galan na ruwa 6 a kowane mako yayin lokacin girma.
Bukatun Haki da Zaɓuɓɓukan Halitta
A matsayin koren ganye, alayyahu yana fa'ida daga isar da iskar nitrogen a duk tsawon lokacin girma. Hanyoyin hadi na halitta ba kawai ciyar da tsire-tsire ba amma inganta lafiyar ƙasa don amfanin gona na gaba.
Yin amfani da shayin takin yana samar da laushi, abinci mai gina jiki don girma alayyafo
Pre-Dasa Haki
Fara da tushe mai wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki:
- Haɗa inci 2-3 na takin ko taki mai tsufa a cikin ƙasa kafin dasa.
- Ƙara daidaitaccen taki (kamar 5-5-5) bisa ga umarnin kunshin.
- Don ƙasa mai yashi, yi la'akari da ƙara ƙarin kwayoyin halitta don inganta riƙewar abinci.
Ci gaba da Haɗuwa
Tallafa ci gaba da samar da ganye tare da ciyarwa akai-akai:
- Lokacin da tsire-tsire suka kai tsayin inci 2, a yi ado a gefe tare da takin ko taki mai arzikin nitrogen.
- Aiwatar da emulsion kifi ko takin shayi kowane mako 2-3 yayin lokacin girma.
- A guji takin roba mai yawan nitrogen wanda zai iya haifar da tarin nitrate a cikin ganye.
Zaɓuɓɓukan Taki Na Halitta
Wadannan takin gargajiya suna aiki da kyau don alayyafo:
- Takin shayi: M, daidaitaccen abinci mai gina jiki wanda ba zai ƙone tsire-tsire ba.
- Emulsion Kifi: Sakin-sauri-saki nitrogen tushen ganyayen ganye.
- Simintin tsutsa: Gyaran kayan abinci mai gina jiki wanda ke inganta tsarin ƙasa.
- Abincin Alfalfa: Taki mai saurin sakin jiki wanda ke ƙara nitrogen da ma'adanai.
Muhimmi: Yawan hadi na iya haifar da ci gaba mai daɗi amma rashin daɗin ɗanɗano da yuwuwar tara nitrate. Bi umarnin kunshin a hankali kuma ku yi kuskure a gefen ƙasa fiye da ƙari yayin amfani da taki.
Hasken Rana da Bukatun Zazzabi
Fahimtar hasken alayyafo da zaɓin zafin jiki shine mabuɗin don hana ƙullawa da wuri da tsawaita lokacin girbin ku.
Alayyahu yana girma a cikin wani ɓangaren inuwar rana tare da murfin layi don sarrafa zafin jiki
Bukatun Haske
Alayyahu yana dacewa da yanayin haske daban-daban:
- Cikakken rana (6+ hours) ya dace a cikin yanayin sanyi da lokutan bazara/fari.
- Sassan inuwa (3-5 hours) yana da fa'ida lokacin da yanayin zafi ya tashi sama da 70 ° F.
- Rana ta safiya tare da inuwar rana ta dace a cikin yankuna masu zafi ko ƙarshen bazara.
- Cikin yanayin zafi, yi la'akari da girma alayyafo a gefen arewa na tsayin tsire-tsire don inuwa ta halitta.
La'akari da yanayin zafi
Alayyahu yana da matukar damuwa da zafin jiki:
- Mafi kyawun yanayin girma: 50-65°F (10-18°C).
- Tsirrai suna girma mafi kyau a 45-75°F (7-24°C).
- Girma yana jinkirin ƙasa 40F (4°C) amma tsire-tsire suna dawwama.
- Tsire-tsire za su toshe lokacin da yanayin zafi ya wuce 75°F (24°C).
- Tsire-tsire da aka kafa zasu iya tsira da yanayin zafi ƙasa da 15°F (-9°C).
Tsawaita Lokacin Girma
Yi amfani da waɗannan dabarun don shuka alayyafo fiye da yanayin yanayinsa:
- Lokacin bazara: Yi amfani da murfin layi ko firam ɗin sanyi don dumama ƙasa don dasa shuki a baya.
- Lokacin bazara: Samar da suturar inuwa wanda ke toshe 30-50% na hasken rana don kiyaye tsire-tsire masu sanyi.
- Faɗuwa: Rufe tsire-tsire tare da murfin jere masu iyo lokacin da sanyi ya yi barazanar.
- Winter: Yi amfani da firam ɗin sanyi, ƙananan ramuka, ko ciyawa mai zurfi don juyar da alayyafo a cikin yankuna 7 da zafi.
Kwari da Cututtuka na yau da kullun tare da Hanyoyin Kariyar Kwayoyin cuta
Yayin da alayyafo ba ta da matsala, wasu kwari da cututtuka na iya shafar amfanin gonar ku. Abin farin ciki, hanyoyin kwayoyin halitta na iya sarrafa yawancin batutuwa yadda ya kamata.
Kwari na gama gari
Aphids
Alamun
- Ganyen lanƙwasa
- Rago mai m
- Ƙananan kwari kore/baƙar fata a gefen ganye
Kariya da Magani
- Fesa da ruwa mai ƙarfi don watsawa
- A shafa sabulun kwari ko man neem
- Gabatar da ladybugs ko lacewings
- Shuka nasturtiums azaman amfanin gona na tarko
Leaf Miners
Alamun
- Hanyoyi masu iska ko ramuka a cikin ganyayyaki
Kariya da Magani
- Cire da lalata ganyen da abin ya shafa
- Yi amfani da murfin layi don hana manyan kwari yin kwai
- Shuka tarko amfanin gona kamar lambsquarters kusa
- Aiwatar da spinosad don tsananin infestations
Slugs da katantanwa
Alamun
- Ramukan da ba bisa ka'ida ba a cikin ganye, hanyoyin slime
Kariya da Magani
- Zaben hannu da dare tare da fitilar tocila
- Saita tarkon giya
- Aiwatar da ƙasa diatomaceous kewaye da tsire-tsire
- Ƙirƙirar shingen tagulla a kusa da gadaje
Cututtuka na kowa
Downy Mildew
Alamun
- Faci rawaya a saman ganye, launin toka/purple m girma a ƙasa
Kariya da Magani
- Tsire-tsire iri iri
- Tabbatar da kyakkyawan yanayin iska
- Kauce wa ruwan sama
- Aiwatar da fungicides na jan karfe a alamun farko
Farin Tsatsa
Alamun
- Fari ko rawaya tabo akan ganyen da ke tasowa zuwa ƙwanƙwasa alli
Kariya da Magani
- Gwada juyar da amfanin gona
- Cire tsire-tsire masu cutar nan da nan
- Inganta yanayin iska
- A shafa shayin takin a matsayin rigakafin
Alayyahu Mosaic Virus
Alamun
- Mottled launin rawaya/koren kore a kan ganyaye, ya hana girma
Kariya da Magani
- Sarrafa aphids wadanda ke yada kwayar cutar
- Cire kuma lalata tsire-tsire masu kamuwa da cuta
- Tsire-tsire iri iri
- Kashe kayan aikin lambu tsakanin amfani
Ayyukan Rigakafi
Mafi kyawun tsaro shine laifi mai kyau:
- Yi aikin juyawa amfanin gona, jira shekaru 2-3 kafin dasa alayyafo a wuri guda.
- Tsaftace lambun daga tarkace inda kwari za su iya wuce lokacin hunturu.
- Shuka tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire kamar tafarnuwa, albasa, da marigolds don korar kwari.
- Kula da ƙasa mai lafiya tare da takin don ƙarfafa kariyar dabi'ar tsirrai.
Dabarun Girbi don Ci Gaban Samar da Ci gaba
Tare da dabarun girbi da suka dace, zaku iya jin daɗin girbi da yawa daga tsire-tsire iri ɗaya, yana haɓaka aikin lambun ku.
Girbin ganyen waje yana ba shuka damar ci gaba da samar da sabon girma
Lokacin girbi
Tsara lokacin girbin ku da kyau yana tabbatar da mafi kyawun dandano da laushi:
- Za a iya girbe alayyahu na jarirai lokacin da ganye ke da tsayin inci 2-3, yawanci kwanaki 20-30 bayan dasa.
- Ganyayyaki masu girma suna shirye lokacin da tsayin su ya kai inci 4-6, yawanci kwanaki 40-50 bayan dasa.
- Girbi da safe lokacin da ganyen ya bushe kuma ya cika da danshi.
- Don dandano mafi dadi, girbi bayan sanyi mai haske amma kafin daskare mai wuya.
Hanyoyin girbi
Zaɓi hanyar girbi da ta fi dacewa da bukatunku:
Hanyar Yanke-da-Sake-Sake
Don girbi da yawa daga tsire-tsire iri ɗaya:
- Yi amfani da tsaftataccen almakashi ko shears na lambu don yanke ganyen waje kamar inci 1 sama da ƙasa.
- Bar tsakiyar kambi da ƙananan ganye na ciki don ci gaba da girma.
- Tsire-tsire za su samar da sabbin ganye don ƙarin girbi da yawa.
- Wannan hanya tana aiki mafi kyau a cikin yanayi mai sanyi lokacin da tsire-tsire ba su da yuwuwar toshewa.
Dukan Girbin Shuka
Lokacin da kuke buƙatar babban girbi lokaci ɗaya:
- Yanke shukar gabaɗaya sama da matakin ƙasa ta amfani da wuka mai kaifi.
- A cikin yanayi mai sanyi, tsire-tsire na iya yin girma daga kambi na daƙiƙa kaɗan, ƙaramin girbi.
- Wannan hanya ta fi dacewa lokacin da tsire-tsire suka nuna alamun bolting ko a ƙarshen kakar wasa.
Ci gaba da dasa shuki don Ci gaba da girbi
Rike alayyahu yana zuwa a duk lokacin girma:
- Shuka sabbin iri kowane mako 2-3 yayin dasa shuki windows.
- Yayin da shuka ya ƙare, wani kuma zai kai girman da za a girbe.
- Keɓe sassa daban-daban na lambun ku don shuka a matakai daban-daban.
- A cikin fall, yi manyan dasa shuki da yawa kwanaki 7-10 baya don ƙarin girbi.
Tukwici Girbi: Lokacin da kuka ga tushe na tsakiya ya fara girma, girbi shuka gaba ɗaya nan da nan. Wannan ita ce alamar farko ta bolting, kuma ganyen zai zama daci.
Hanyoyin Ajiyewa da Tsare-tsaren
Adana girbin alayyahonku yadda ya kamata yana ƙara amfani da kuma hana ɓarna. Daga firiji na ɗan gajeren lokaci zuwa daskarewa na dogon lokaci, akwai hanyoyi da yawa don adana amfanin gona.
Hanyoyi daban-daban don adanawa da adana alayyafo: firiji, daskarewa, da bushewa
Sabbin Ma'aji
Don adana sabon alayyahu na ɗan gajeren lokaci:
- Kada a wanke ganye har sai an shirya don amfani, saboda danshi yana hanzarta lalacewa.
- Cire duk wani ganye da ya lalace ko masu launin rawaya.
- A nade a hankali a cikin tawul ɗin takarda don ɗaukar damshi mai yawa.
- Sanya a cikin jakar filastik ko kwandon shara a cikin aljihunan firij.
- Idan aka adana da kyau, sabobin alayyafo zai wuce kwanaki 7-10.
Daskarewa Alayyahu
Daskarewa yana adana alayyafo har zuwa watanni 12:
- Wanke ganye sosai kuma a cire mai tauri.
- Blanch a cikin ruwan zãfi na minti 2, sa'an nan kuma canja wurin zuwa ruwan kankara.
- Zuba da kyau kuma a matse da danshi mai yawa.
- Sanya cikin jakunkuna masu daskarewa, cire iska mai yawa gwargwadon yiwuwa.
- Alama tare da kwanan wata da abun ciki, sannan daskare lebur don sauƙin ajiya.
- Yi amfani da daskararrun alayyafo a cikin dafaffen jita-jita kamar miya, stews, da casseroles.
Bushewar Alayyahu
Alayyahu da ba ta da ruwa tana yin kari mai gina jiki ga miya da santsi:
- A wanke da bushe bushe ganye sosai.
- Cire mai tushe kuma yayyage manyan ganye zuwa guntu.
- Shirya a cikin Layer guda ɗaya akan tire masu bushewa.
- Bushe a 125 ° F (52 ° C) na tsawon sa'o'i 4-6 har sai da kullun.
- Ajiye a cikin kwantena masu hana iska daga haske da danshi.
- A nika busasshen ganyen ya zama foda domin kara wa santsi ko miya.
Ana adanawa a cikin girke-girke
Canza girbin ku zuwa abubuwan da aka shirya don amfani:
- Ƙirƙiri pesto na alayyafo ta hanyar haɗawa da man zaitun, tafarnuwa, goro, da cuku, sannan a daskare a cikin kwandon kankara.
- A yi man alayyahu-ganye ta hanyar haɗa yankakken ganye da man shanu mai laushi, sannan a daskare a cikin katako.
- Shirya kuma daskare miya na tushen alayyahu don abinci mai sauri daga baya.
Shirya matsala Matsalolin Girma Gabaɗaya
Hatta ƙwararrun lambu suna fuskantar ƙalubale lokacin girma alayyafo. Anan ga yadda ake ganowa da magance matsalolin da suka fi yawa.
Kwatanta lafiyayyen alayyahu (hagu) da shuka wanda ke nuna alamun ƙullawa da ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki (dama)
Me yasa alayyahu na ke toshewa da sauri haka?
Bolting (flowering) yana haifar da:
- Dogayen sa'o'in hasken rana - Shuka iri masu jure zafi da samar da inuwar rana.
- Babban yanayin zafi - Shuka a farkon bazara ko kuma daga baya a cikin fall lokacin da yanayin zafi ya yi sanyi.
- Ruwan da ba daidai ba - Kula da ko da danshi na ƙasa tare da shayarwa na yau da kullun da ciyawa.
- Tushen hargitsi - Ka guji yin noma a kusa da tsire-tsire; da hannu a ja ciyawa a hankali.
Me yasa ganyen alayyahu na ke zama rawaya?
Yellowing ganye na iya nuna al'amura da dama:
- Karancin Nitrogen - Aiwatar da daidaitaccen taki ko takin shayi.
- Overwatering - Inganta magudanar ruwa da rage yawan ruwa.
- Cuta - Bincika mildew mai ƙasa ko fari tsatsa; cire ganyen da ya shafa.
- Tsufa na halitta - Tsofaffi na waje ganye na halitta rawaya; a cire a girbe ƙananan ganye.
Me yasa 'ya'yan alayyahu na ba sa haifuwa?
Rashin germination na iya haifar da:
- Tsofaffi tsaba - Alayyafo tsaba sun rasa aiki bayan shekaru 2-3; amfani da sabobin tsaba.
- Ƙasa ta yi zafi sosai - Alayyahu ta fi girma ƙasa da 70°F (21°C); jira yanayi mai sanyi ko tsaba kafin sanyi.
- Shuka mai zurfi sosai - Tsari ya kamata ya zama zurfin ¼-½ inch kawai; sake dasa a zurfin da ya dace.
- Danshi mara daidaituwa - Rike ƙasa akai-akai da ɗanɗano har sai germination.
Me yasa ganyen alayyahu na suke ƙanƙanta kuma sun taru?
Rashin haɓakar haɓaka yawanci yana haifar da:
- Cunkoso - Tsire-tsire masu bakin ciki zuwa tazarar da ta dace (inci 3-6 baya).
- Rashin haihuwa na ƙasa mara kyau - Gyara ƙasa tare da takin kuma a shafa taki.
- Ƙasƙaƙƙarfan ƙasa - Inganta tsarin ƙasa tare da kwayoyin halitta kafin dasa shuki.
- Matsakaicin zafin jiki - Kare tsire-tsire daga matsanancin zafi ko sanyi tare da murfin layi.
Me yasa ganyen alayyahu na ke ɗanɗano da ɗaci?
Yawanci yana haifar da haushi:
- Farkon toshe - Girbi nan da nan kuma a sake dasa a cikin yanayi mai sanyi.
- Damuwar zafi - Samar da inuwa da daidaiton danshi; girbi da sassafe.
- Balagagge ganye - Girbi ƙaramin ganye don ɗanɗano mai laushi.
- Halaye iri-iri - Gwada nau'ikan iri daban-daban; wasu a dabi'a sun fi wasu zaƙi.
Shawarwari na Shuka Abokai
Dabarar dasa shuki abokan hulɗa na iya inganta haɓakar alayyafo, hana kwari, da haɓaka sararin lambu. Anan akwai mafi kyawun abokan shuka don amfanin gonar alayyahu.
Dasa shuki mai fa'ida tare da alayyafo, strawberries, da marigolds
Sahabbai masu amfani
Waɗannan tsire-tsire suna taimakawa alayyafo bunƙasa:
Sahabbai Masu Tauyewa
- Tafarnuwa - Yana hana aphids da sauran kwari
- Albasa - Rikita kwari da ƙamshi mai ƙarfi
- Nasturtiums - yana aiki azaman amfanin gona don aphids
- Marigolds - Yana kawar da nematodes da sauran kwari na ƙasa
Sahabbai Maxaukaka Sarari
- Radishes - Girma da sauri yayin da alayyafo ta kafa
- Strawberries - Ƙananan murfin ƙasa mai girma
- Tsire-tsire masu girma - Samar da inuwar rana
- Ganye masu saurin girma - Girbi kafin alayyafo ya balaga
Sahabbai Masu Amfani Da Juna
- Peas & Wake - Gyara nitrogen da alayyafo ke buƙata
- Brassicas - Bayanan kwaro daban-daban suna rage haɗarin kamuwa da cuta
- Cilantro - yana jan hankalin kwari masu amfani
- Mint - Yana hana kwari (amma ya ƙunshi cikin tukwane don hana yaduwa)
Shuka don Gujewa
Wasu tsire-tsire ba sa zama maƙwabta masu kyau don alayyafo:
- Dankali - Gasa don gina jiki kuma yana iya yada cuta
- Fennel - Yana hana ci gaban tsire-tsire da yawa ciki har da alayyafo
- Sunflowers - Saki mahadi waɗanda zasu iya hana ci gaban alayyafo
Dabarun Shuka Abokai
Gwada waɗannan ingantaccen tsarin shuka:
- Alayyahu + Strawberries: Shuka alayyafo tsakanin layuka na strawberry a farkon bazara kafin tsiron strawberry ya bazu.
- Alayyahu + Peas: Shuka alayyafo a gindin fis ɗin don yin amfani da sarari a tsaye da kuma amfana daga gyaran nitrogen.
- Alayyahu + Radishes: Shuka radishes masu saurin girma tare da alayyafo don haɓaka girbin farkon lokacin girbi.
- Alayyahu + Dogayen Tsirrai: A cikin yankuna masu zafi, shuka alayyafo a gefen arewa na masara ko tumatir don inuwar rana.
Kammalawa: Jin daɗin Girbin Alayyanku
Girma alayyahu ƙwarewa ce mai lada wanda ke ba da ganye masu gina jiki don teburin ku tare da ƙaramin ƙoƙari. Ta hanyar fahimtar abubuwan da ake so alayyafo don yanayin sanyi, daidaiton danshi, da ƙasa mai wadata, za ku iya jin daɗin girbi mai yawa a cikin bazara da kaka. Ka tuna cewa lokaci yana da mahimmanci - shuka a farkon bazara da kuma a ƙarshen lokacin rani don sakamako mafi kyau. Tare da kulawa mai kyau da kulawa ga cikakkun bayanai da aka zayyana a cikin wannan jagorar, za ku yi kyau kan hanyar ku don shuka mafi kyawun alayyahu da gonar ku ta taɓa samarwa.
Ko kai mafari ne kawai ka fara lambun kayan lambu na farko ko ƙwararren mai kula da lambun da ke neman kammala dabarun noman alayyafo, hanyoyin da aka kwatanta a nan za su taimaka maka haɓaka ciyayi masu koshin lafiya yayin gina ƙasa don amfanin gona na gaba. Gwada nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan gwaji ne waɗanda zaku yi gwaji tare da kayan aikin da kuke buƙatar kiyayewa, kuma kar ku manta da adana iri daga cikin tsire-tsiren da kuka fi samun nasara don ci gaba da haɓaka amfanin gona na alayyafo kowace shekara.
Karin Karatu
Idan kuna jin daɗin wannan sakon, kuna iya kuma son waɗannan shawarwari:
- Shuka blueberries: Jagora don Nasara Mai Dadi a cikin lambun ku
- Jagora don Haɓaka Mafi kyawun Aronia Berries a cikin lambun ku
- Jagora don Haɓaka Mafi kyawun mangwaro a cikin lambun Gidanku