Shuka Blackberries: Jagora ga Masu Lambun Gida

Kusa da cikakke baƙar fata masu girma a kan ƙaya a cikin lambun gida Karin bayani

Wannan cikakkiyar jagorar za ta bi ku ta duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da zaɓi, dasa, kiyayewa, da girbi blackberries na shekaru masu daɗi na 'ya'yan itacen gida.

Fresh blackberries suna cike da antioxidants kuma suna yin ƙari mai daɗi ga kowane lambu

Fahimtar nau'ikan Blackberry

Kafin ka fara shuka blackberries, yana da mahimmanci a fahimci nau'ikan iri daban-daban da ke akwai kuma waɗanda zasu yi aiki mafi kyau ga lambun ku. Blackberries sun kasu kashi-kashi da yawa bisa la'akari da halaye na girma.

Nau'in Al'adar Girma

Gyaran Blackberries

Ƙaƙwalwar ɓauren ɓangarorin suna samar da santsi, madaidaiciya waɗanda za su iya ɗaukar kansu gabaɗaya, ko da yake suna cin gajiyar wasu trellising. Waɗannan nau'ikan sune mafi sanyi-hardy kuma ana iya shuka su a duk yankuna na ƙasar. Suna yawanci 'ya'yan itace a tsakiyar kakar (farkon Yuli zuwa Agusta) kuma suna samar da m, berries mai laushi tare da dandano mai laushi.

Gyara tsiron blackberry yana girma a tsaye ba tare da tallafi ba, yana ɗauke da berries masu girma da waɗanda ba su cika ba a cikin filin da aka noma. Karin bayani

Semi-Kakkafa Blackberries

Iri-iri-tsalle-tsalle suna samar da ƙarfi, sanduna masu kauri waɗanda suke baka kuma suna buƙatar trellising. Yawancin lokaci ba su da ƙaya kuma suna samar da mafi girman yawan amfanin ƙasa na kowane nau'in blackberry. Waɗannan nau'ikan 'ya'yan itace a ƙarshen kakar (Agusta zuwa Satumba) kuma suna da matsakaicin sanyi-hardy, dace da yawancin yankuna masu girma.

Itacen Blackberry tare da sandunan kibiya da waya ke goyan bayanta, masu ɗauke da berries masu girma da waɗanda ba su cika ba a cikin lambun lambun Karin bayani

Tsarin Blackberries

Baƙar fata masu ɗorewa suna samar da dogayen gwangwani masu sassauƙa waɗanda ke buƙatar trellising. Waɗannan nau'ikan, waɗanda suka haɗa da sanannen 'Marion' (marionberry), yawanci suna samar da 'ya'yan itace tare da mafi kyawun dandano da ƙaramin iri. Suna 'ya'yan itace da wuri (ƙarshen Yuni zuwa farkon Agusta) amma su ne mafi ƙarancin sanyi-hardy, mafi dacewa da ƙananan yanayi.

Tsire-tsire na blackberry mai dogayen sanduna masu goyan bayan katako na katako a cikin lambun bazara Karin bayani

Ƙauye vs. Ƙyashi

Wani muhimmin bambanci shine ko nau'in blackberry yana da ƙaya.

Daban-daban na ƙaya

Ire-iren blackberry na gargajiya suna da ƙaya tare da sandunansu. Duk da yake waɗannan na iya sa girbi ya fi ƙalubale, nau'ikan ƙayayuwa galibi suna samar da kyawawan 'ya'yan itace kuma galibi suna da ƙarfi sosai. Misalai sun haɗa da 'Marion' da 'Cherokee'.

Kusa da ƙaya mai tushe na blackberry mai kaifi mai kaifi mai ja da ja akan bango mai duhu. Karin bayani

Iri marasa ƙaya

Kiwo na zamani ya samar da kyawawan iri marasa ƙaya da yawa waɗanda suka fi sauƙin sarrafawa da girbi. Shahararrun zaɓuɓɓukan marasa ƙaya sun haɗa da 'Triple Crown', 'Navaho', da 'Columbia Star'. Waɗannan nau'ikan suna kula da ingancin 'ya'yan itace masu kyau yayin da suke kawar da ƙayayuwa masu raɗaɗi.

Santsi mai santsi mara ƙaya tare da 'ya'yan itacen marmari da ganyayen ganye a cikin saitin lambu Karin bayani

Halayen 'ya'yan itace

Floricane-Ya'yan itãcen marmari (Halin bazara)

Yawancin nau'in blackberry suna da floricane-fruiting, ma'ana suna samar da ganyayen ganye (primocanes) a cikin shekara ta farko, wanda sai ya yi overwinter kuma ya samar da 'ya'yan itace a kan irin waɗannan rassan (wanda ake kira floricanes) a cikin shekara ta biyu. Bayan 'ya'yan itace, waɗannan gwangwani suna mutuwa, yayin da sabon primocanes ke girma don amfanin gona na gaba.

Cikakkun ɓaure masu girma da girma akan itacen itace na shekara ta biyu na shukar floricane, kewaye da ganyen kore. Karin bayani

Primocane-Fruiting (Mai dawwama)

Sabbin nau'ikan 'ya'yan itace na primocane na iya samar da 'ya'yan itace akan gwangwani na shekara ta farko (primocanes) a ƙarshen lokacin rani da fall. Ana iya dasa waɗannan don samar da amfanin gona ɗaya (a kan primocanes kawai) ko amfanin gona biyu (a kan primocanes da floricanes). Misalai sun haɗa da 'Prime-Ark Freedom' da 'Black Gem'.

Cikakke da baƙar fata masu girma a kan raƙuman primocane na shekara ta farko a cikin saitin lambun ƙanƙara Karin bayani

Zaɓin Cikakkun Yanar Gizo don Shuka Blackberries

Blackberries tsire-tsire ne na shekara-shekara waɗanda zasu iya samarwa har tsawon shekaru 15-40 tare da kulawa mai kyau, don haka zaɓar wurin da ya dace yana da mahimmanci don samun nasara na dogon lokaci. Yi la'akari da waɗannan mahimman abubuwan yayin zabar inda za ku shuka blackberries:

Abubuwan Bukatun Hasken Rana

Blackberries suna buƙatar cikakken rana don ingantaccen girma da samar da 'ya'yan itace. Zaɓi wurin da ke karɓar aƙalla sa'o'i 6-8 na hasken rana kai tsaye kowace rana. Yayin da tsire-tsire za su iya jure wa ɗanɗano inuwa, yawan amfanin 'ya'yan itace da inganci za a ragu sosai a wuraren inuwa.

Lambu mai ban sha'awa tare da layuka na ciyayi na blackberry a ƙarƙashin cikakken rana, kewaye da kore da shuɗi mai haske. Karin bayani

Yanayin Kasa

Blackberries sun fi son ruwa mai kyau, ƙasa mai dausayi tare da pH tsakanin 5.5 da 6.5. Suna iya jurewa nau'ikan ƙasa iri-iri amma suna yin mafi kyau a cikin yashi mai yashi ko ƙasa mai laka mai kyau tare da abun ciki mai kyau na kwayoyin halitta. Kafin dasa shuki, yana da kyau a gwada ƙasa kuma ku gyara ta kamar yadda ake buƙata:

Gwajin Kasa

Tattara samfuran ƙasa daga saman inci 12-18 inda tushen zai girma. Madaidaicin gwajin ƙasa zai ba da bayani akan pH, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, da abun ciki na kwayoyin halitta. A wasu yankuna, ana kuma bada shawarar gwajin boron saboda rashi na iya shafar blackberries.

Gyaran Ƙasa

Dangane da sakamakon gwaji, kuna iya buƙatar daidaita pH na ƙasa ko ƙara abubuwan gina jiki. Don haɓaka pH, haɗa lemun tsami a kusan fam 5-10 a kowace ƙafar murabba'in 100. Don rage pH, ƙara sulfur na asali. Haɓaka kwayoyin halitta ta hanyar ƙara takin zamani, taki mai tsufa, ko wasu kayan halitta a cikin zurfin inci 1-2 a faɗin wurin dasa.

Lambu yana hada takin cikin ƙasa a cikin lambun bayan gida don shuka blackberry Karin bayani

Magudanar ruwa da Samun Ruwa

Yayin da blackberries suna buƙatar daidaiton danshi, ba za su iya jure wa yanayin ruwa ba. Tabbatar cewa wurin dashen ku yana da magudanar ruwa mai kyau. Idan ƙasarku ba ta da kyau, yi la'akari da ƙirƙirar gadaje masu tasowa. Har ila yau, zaɓi wuri tare da damar samun ruwa mai dacewa, kamar yadda blackberries na buƙatar ban ruwa na yau da kullum, musamman a lokacin ci gaban 'ya'yan itace.

La'akarin sarari

Blackberries suna buƙatar isasshen sarari don girma da kuma yanayin yanayin iska mai kyau don rage matsalolin cututtuka. Tsara don tazara mai zuwa bisa nau'in blackberry:

• Gyara blackberries: ƙafa 3-4 tsakanin tsire-tsire, ƙafa 8-10 tsakanin layuka
• Baƙar fata mai tsayi-daidai: ƙafa 5-6 tsakanin tsire-tsire, ƙafa 10-12 tsakanin layuka
• Baƙar fata mai bin diddigi: ƙafa 5-8 tsakanin tsire-tsire, ƙafa 8-10 tsakanin layuka

Kariya daga Abubuwa

Idan za ta yiwu, guje wa wuraren da aka fallasa ga iska mai ƙarfi, wanda zai iya lalata sanduna da ƙara haɗarin rauni na hunturu. A cikin yankuna masu sanyi, wurin da ke da wasu kariyar hunturu (kamar kusa da bangon kudu) na iya zama da amfani ga nau'ikan da ba su da sanyi.

Tukwici: A guji dasa blackberries inda tumatir, dankali, barkono, eggplants, ko wasu caneberries (kamar raspberries) suka girma a cikin shekaru 3-4 da suka gabata. Waɗannan tsire-tsire na iya ɗaukar cututtukan da ke haifar da ƙasa waɗanda ke shafar blackberries.

Dasa Blackberries

Lokacin Shuka

Mafi kyawun lokacin shuka blackberries ya dogara da yanayin ku:

• A cikin yanayi mai laushi (yankin USDA 7-10), shuka a ƙarshen kaka ko hunturu lokacin da tsire-tsire suke barci.
• A cikin yankuna masu sanyi (yankin USDA 5-6), shuka a farkon bazara da zaran ana iya aiki ƙasa.
• Guji dasa shuki a lokacin zafi na watanni masu zafi, wanda zai iya damuwa da tsire-tsire matasa.

Siyan Tsirrai

Ana sayar da blackberries a matsayin tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire ko a cikin kwantena:

Tushen Bare-Tsarin

Waɗannan tsire-tsire masu barci sun ƙunshi ɗan gajeren sashin rake tare da tushen tushen. Yawanci ba su da tsada kuma ana samun su a ƙarshen hunturu zuwa farkon bazara. Idan ba za ku iya shuka nan da nan ba, ku ci gaba da ɗanɗano tushen ta hanyar rufe su na ɗan lokaci da ƙasa mai ɗanɗano ko sawdust.

Tsire-tsire na tushen blackberry guda uku tare da fallasa tushen da aka shimfiɗa a kan ƙasa mai noma, shirye don dasa. Karin bayani

Tushen Tukwane

Tsire-tsire na kwantena na iya kasancewa a duk shekara kuma yana iya zama da sauƙi ga masu farawa. Yawancin lokaci suna kafa sauri da sauri amma tsada fiye da tsire-tsire marasa tushe. Nemo tsire-tsire masu lafiya ba tare da alamun cuta ko lalacewar kwaro ba.

Koyaushe siyan shuke-shuken da ba su da cututtuka daga sanannun wuraren gandun daji maimakon dasa shuki daga tsire-tsire masu wanzuwa, waɗanda zasu iya gabatar da cututtuka zuwa lambun ku.

Tsire-tsire na Blackberry a cikin tukwane na gandun daji na baƙar fata a kan ƙasa mai noma, tare da shuka guda ɗaya wanda ke nuna tushen da ba a bayyana ba da kuma ripen berries. Karin bayani

Tsarin Shuka

1. Shirya ƙasa ta hanyar cire ciyawa da haɗa kwayoyin halitta kamar yadda ake buƙata bisa sakamakon gwajin ƙasa.
2. Tona ramukan shuka manyan isa don saukar da tushen. Don tsire-tsire marasa tushe, ramin ya kamata ya kasance mai faɗi sosai don yada tushen a zahiri.
3. Sanya tsire-tsire a cikin madaidaiciyar zurfin: don trailing da kuma semi-kafa da cane-iri (inda tushen hadu da ƙasa matakin.for tare da mafi girman ma'anar tushe 1-2 inci a kasa matakin ƙasa.
4. Cika ramin da ƙasa, ƙarfafa a hankali don cire aljihunan iska.
5. Ruwa sosai bayan dasa shuki don daidaita ƙasa a kusa da tushen.
6. A datse sabbin shuke-shuken da aka dasa mara tushe zuwa tsayin inci 6 don ƙarfafa tushen tushe mai ƙarfi.

Hannu suna dasa shukar blackberry mara tushe cikin ƙasan lambun da aka shirya sabo. Karin bayani

Blackberry shuka yana nuna daidai zurfin shuka tare da kambi sama da layin ƙasa Karin bayani

Jagororin Tazara

Tazarar da ta dace tana da mahimmanci ga tsirrai masu lafiya da kulawa cikin sauƙi:

Trellising da Support Systems

Yawancin nau'in blackberry suna buƙatar wani nau'i na tallafi don kiyaye 'ya'yan itace a ƙasa, inganta yanayin iska, yin girbi cikin sauƙi, da kare kullun daga lalacewa. Mafi kyawun tsarin trellis ya dogara da nau'in blackberry da kuke girma.

Layukan tsire-tsire na blackberry waɗanda aka horar tare da katako na katako tare da koren ganye da cikakke blackberries a ƙarƙashin haske na halitta. Karin bayani

Zaɓuɓɓukan Trellis ta Nau'in Blackberry

Blackberry Trellis

Don nau'ikan masu biyo baya, yi amfani da tsarin wayoyi biyu masu sauƙi tare da saƙon da aka saita ƙafa 15-20. Sanya waya ɗaya a tsayin ƙafa 5-6 da wata a ƙafa 4-4.5. Wannan yana ba da damar horar da primocanes a cikin tsarin fan tare da wayoyi. Don tsayin layuka, ƙara maƙallan waya da anka a ƙarshen don kiyaye tashin hankali.

Layukan tsire-tsire na blackberry waɗanda aka horar akan tsarin trellis mai waya biyu tare da ripening berries a cikin koren filin ƙarƙashin sama shuɗi. Karin bayani

Tsarin Blackberry Trellis

Matsakaicin blackberries suna amfana daga T-trellis tare da guntun giciye mai faɗin ƙafa 1.5 a saman. Gudu waya ƙasa kowane gefen T don ɗaukar sanduna. Wannan ƙira tana goyan bayan ɗigon 'ya'yan itace kuma yana kiyaye shingen kunkuntar don samun sauƙin shiga. Metal T-posts tare da haɗe-haɗe giciye sassa aiki da kyau ga wannan tsarin.

Layukan tsayayyen tsire-tsire na blackberry da ke da goyan bayan tsarin T-trellis tare da cikakke da berries a ƙarƙashin sama mai shuɗi mai haske. Karin bayani

Blackberry Trellis Semi-Ect

Ƙarfin haɓakar ƙwanƙwaran blackberries mai tsayi yana buƙatar trellis "biyu T" mai ƙarfi. Sanya hannun giciye mai faɗin ƙafa 4 a saman kowane matsayi (tsayin ƙafa 5-6) da hannun giciye mai ƙafa 2-3 kamar ƙafa 2 a ƙasa. Guda wayoyi tare da wajen kowane hannun giciye don jimlar wayoyi huɗu na tallafi.

Layukan tsire-tsire na blackberry masu tsayi da ke da goyan bayan tsarin T-trellis biyu tare da ripen berries a cikin lambun lambun kore. Karin bayani

Gina Trellis ku

Don dorewa, tsarin trellis mai dorewa:

• Yi amfani da ginshiƙan katako (inci 4-6 a diamita) ko maƙallan T-ƙarfe don manyan goyan baya
• Zaɓi waya mai tsayi mai tsayi 12-14 don dorewa
• Shigar da maƙallan waya don kula da tashin hankali mai kyau
• Saita ginshiƙan ƙarshen aƙalla zurfin ƙafa 2 kuma ka ɗaure su don kwanciyar hankali
• Sarari na ciki yana sanya kowane ƙafa 15-20

Lokaci na Trellis: Shigar da tsarin trellis ɗinku a lokacin shuka ko lokacin lokacin girma na farko, kafin raƙuman ya yi girma don horar da sauƙi.

Tutunan katako, waya, kayan aiki, da kayan aikin da aka shimfida akan ciyawa don gina trellis na blackberry. Karin bayani

Kulawa na Zamani da Kulawa

Kulawar yanayi mai kyau yana da mahimmanci don lafiyayyen tsire-tsire na blackberry da yawan girbi. Bi wannan tsarin kulawa a duk shekara don ci gaba da bunƙasa blackberries.

Lambu yana dasa tsire-tsire na blackberry a lokacin kula da yanayi a cikin fili mai koren ganye da wayoyi na trellis. Karin bayani

Bukatun shayarwa

Blackberries suna buƙatar daidaiton danshi, musamman lokacin haɓakar 'ya'yan itace. Tsirrai da aka kafa galibi suna buƙatar:

• Inci 1-1.5 na ruwa a kowane mako yayin lokacin girma
• Galan 2 ga kowace shuka kowace rana yayin ci gaban 'ya'yan itace
• Yawan shayarwa a cikin ƙasa mai yashi ko yanayin zafi

Ruwan ruwa yana da kyau ga blackberries yayin da yake isar da ruwa kai tsaye zuwa tushen yayin da yake bushewa ganyen ganye, wanda ke taimakawa hana cututtuka. Layi ɗaya na ban ruwa mai ɗigo tare da masu fitar da iska a cikin kowane inci 18 yana aiki da kyau don yawancin shuka.

Kusa da tsarin ban ruwa mai ɗigon ruwa yana shayar da layuka na tsire-tsire na blackberry tare da berries masu girma da waɗanda ba su cika ba a cikin filin da aka noma. Karin bayani

Jadawalin Haki

Watsa takin granular a cikin band kamar faɗin inci 12-18 tare da layin, yana kiyaye shi ɗan inci kaɗan daga cikin gwangwani. Ruwa sosai bayan aikace-aikacen. Zaɓuɓɓukan halitta sun haɗa da takin, emulsion kifi, ko takin berry na musamman.

Amfanin Ciki

Aiwatar da ciyawar ciyawa mai inci 2-3 a kusa da tsire-tsire na blackberry zuwa:

• Ajiye danshin ƙasa kuma rage buƙatun shayarwa
• Murkushe ci gaban ciyawa
• Matsakaicin zafin ƙasa
• Ƙara kwayoyin halitta zuwa ƙasa yayin da yake rushewa

Abubuwan ciyawa masu dacewa sun haɗa da guntun itace, haushi, alluran Pine, ko bambaro. Rike ciyawa ƴan inci nesa da kambin shuka don hana lalacewa. Ratsa ciyawa a kowace shekara yayin da yake bazuwa.

Jeri na shuke-shuken blackberry matasa masu korayen ganyaye da 'ya'yan itace masu girma da ke kewaye da jajayen itace mai launin ruwan kasa a cikin lambun ciyawa. Karin bayani

Gudanar da ciyawa

Kula da ciyawa yana da mahimmanci, musamman ga matasa masu shuka blackberry. Ciyawa suna gasa don samun ruwa da abinci mai gina jiki kuma suna iya ɗaukar kwari da cututtuka. Noma marar zurfi akai-akai, jan hannu, da mulching hanyoyi ne masu inganci. Don ingantattun berries, kula da kunkuntar shinge (kimanin faɗin inci 12) ta hanyar cire duk wani tsotsa da ke fitowa a wajen wannan yanki.

Dabarun Yankewa da Horarwa

Dasa da kyau yana da mahimmanci ga yawan amfanin blackberry, lafiyar shuka, da sauƙin girbi. Hanyoyin datsa sun bambanta da nau'in blackberry da al'ada na 'ya'yan itace, amma duk suna bin ka'idar cire tsofaffin gwangwani bayan sun yi 'ya'yan itace yayin sarrafa sabbin gwangwani don amfanin gona na gaba.

Mai lambu sanye da safar hannu yana yankan sandar blackberry tare da shear jan hannu a cikin lambu. Karin bayani

Fahimtar Nau'in Cane na Blackberry

Primocanes

Canes na shekara ta farko da ke fitowa daga kambi ko tushen. A yawancin nau'ikan, waɗannan tsire-tsire ne kawai (ba 'ya'yan itace ba) a cikin shekarar farko. Suna yawanci kore ko ja a launi.

Floricane

Canes na shekara ta biyu waɗanda ke samar da furanni da 'ya'yan itace. Bayan 'ya'yan itace, waɗannan gwangwani suna mutuwa ta hanyar halitta. Suna yawanci launin ruwan kasa ko launin toka mai launin toka tare da rassan gefe (bangaren) waɗanda ke ba da 'ya'ya.

Dasa ta hanyar Blackberry Type

Tsarin Blackberries

• Lokacin bazara (bayan girbi): Cire floricanes da aka kashe ta hanyar yanke a gindi.
• Later rani/fall: Horar da sababbin primocanes a kan trellis ta hanyar raba su zuwa daure biyu da kuma nannade su a wasu wurare tare da wayoyi.
• Don wuraren sanyi: Bar primocanes a ƙasa har zuwa ƙarshen hunturu, sannan horar da kan trellis kafin hutun toho don kariyar hunturu.

Layi na bishiyar blackberry an horar da su da kyau tare da wayoyi a kwance a cikin filin da aka noma. Karin bayani

Gyaran Blackberries

• Lokacin bazara: Tukwici primocanes a tsayi ƙafa 3-4 ta cire saman inci 3-6 don ƙarfafa reshe.
• Lokacin bazara/fari: Cire floricanes da aka kashe bayan girbi.
• Lokacin hunturu: Yanke rassan gefe akan primocanes zuwa 12-18 inci tsayi.
• Shekara-shekara: Kula da shinge mai faɗin inci 12 ta hanyar cire masu tsotsa a wajen wannan faɗin.

Wani matashi mai tsayin itacen blackberry yana nuna yankan yankan da ake dasa don tsiya da kuma dasa a gefe a cikin gonar da aka noma. Karin bayani

Semi-Kakkafa Blackberries

• Lokacin bazara: Tuba primocanes a tsayin ƙafa 4-5 don ƙarfafa reshe.
• Winter: Cire floricanes da aka kashe kuma a datse rassan gefe zuwa tsayin ƙafa 2-3.
• Winter: Horar da sauran sanduna tare da wayoyi na trellis, yada su daidai.

Itacen blackberry mai tsayi da aka datse kuma an horar da shi akan T-trellis biyu tare da korayen ganye da baƙar fata a cikin filin da aka kula sosai. Karin bayani

Primocane-Ya'yan itãcen marmari (Mai dawwama) Blackberries

Tsarin Shuka Guda Daya

Don sauƙaƙan tsari tare da amfanin gona na ƙarshen zamani:

• A ƙarshen lokacin sanyi, yanke duk sandar zuwa matakin ƙasa
• Bada sababbin primocanes su fito a cikin bazara
• Bada waɗannan primocanes a tsayi ƙafa 3 a farkon lokacin rani
• Girbi 'ya'yan itace daga ƙarshen lokacin rani har zuwa sanyi

Layukan tsire-tsire masu 'ya'yan itace na blackberry masu girma a kan trellis a ƙarƙashin hasken rana mai haske a cikin tsarin noma na amfanin gona guda ɗaya. Karin bayani

Tsarin Noma Biyu

Don girbi biyu a kowace kakar:

• Bayan girbi na fall, bar ƙananan rabo na primocanes na 'ya'yan itace
• A cikin hunturu, cire kawai matattu rabo da fruited
• Waɗannan sandunan da aka mamaye su za su samar da amfanin gona na farkon lokacin rani
• Sabbin primocanes za su fito kuma su samar da amfanin gona na biyu a cikin fall

Layukan blackberries na primocane-fruiting a cikin tsarin amfanin gona sau biyu suna nuna raƙuman 'ya'yan itace da sabon girma a ƙarƙashin sararin sama mai shuɗi. Karin bayani

Sarrafa Kwari da Cututtuka

Duk da yake blackberries suna da ƙarfi sosai, suna iya fuskantar ƙalubalen kwari da cututtuka. Yin amfani da hanyoyin rigakafi da hanyoyin sarrafa kwayoyin halitta na iya taimakawa wajen kula da lafiyar shuka ba tare da yin amfani da sinadarai masu tsauri ba.

Kusa da shuke-shuken blackberry lafiyayye tare da berries cikakke kuma mara kyau da kuma ladybug akan ganye a cikin filin amfanin gona da aka sarrafa. Karin bayani

Kwari na gama gari

Kusa da cikakke baƙar fata tare da lalacewar kwaro a bayyane akan ganye da kwari ciki har da aphid da tashi akan shuka. Karin bayani

Cututtuka na kowa

Ƙwararren ilimi yana nuna cututtuka na blackberry ciki har da anthracnose, botrytis 'ya'yan itace rot, powdery mildew, da tsatsa tare da bayyanar cututtuka a kan ganye, mai tushe, da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Karin bayani

Haɗin gwiwar Gudanar da Kwari (IPM)

Maimakon mayar da martani ga matsaloli yayin da suke faruwa, yi amfani da waɗannan hanyoyin rigakafin don kula da tsire-tsire masu lafiya:

• Iri masu jure shuka idan akwai
• Kula da tazarar da ta dace don kyakkyawan yanayin yanayin iska
• A datse a kai a kai don cire gwangwani marasa lafiya da inganta iska
• Ruwa a gindin shuke-shuke don kiyaye foliage bushe
• Yi girbi da sauri don hana 'ya'yan itace da suka girma daga jawo kwari
• Tsaftace ganyayen da suka fadi da 'ya'yan itace don rage matsi na cututtuka
• Ƙarfafa kwari masu amfani ta hanyar dasa furanni a kusa

Muhimmi: Idan kuna zargin kamuwa da cutar ƙwayar cuta (alamomi sun haɗa da ganyaye masu rawaya, ƙarancin girma, ko ɓatattun 'ya'yan itace), cirewa da lalata shuka gaba ɗaya don hana yaduwa zuwa tsire-tsire masu lafiya. Koyaushe siyan ƙwararrun tsire-tsire marasa ƙwayoyin cuta daga sanannun wuraren gandun daji.

Girbi da jin daɗin Blackberries ɗinku

Bayan duk aikin da kuke yi, girbi shine mafi lada na shuka blackberries. Sanin lokacin da yadda ake ɗaukar berries ɗinku zai tabbatar da mafi kyawun dandano da tsawon rayuwar shiryayye.

Hannu suna girbi cikakke blackberries daga gonar lambu mai koren ganye da jajayen berries a cikin hasken rana Karin bayani

Lokacin girbi

Alamun Cika

• Berries sun juya daga ja zuwa baki yayin da suke girma
• Cikakkun berries suna da baƙar fata mara kyau (ba mai sheki)
• Cikakkun berries suna rabuwa cikin sauƙi tare da jan hankali
• Makullin (fararen cibiya) ya kasance a cikin 'ya'yan itace lokacin da aka tsince shi

Kusa da kwatancen baƙar fata baƙar fata da baƙar fata koren blackberry gefe-gefe a kan mai tushensu akan bangon koren ganye. Karin bayani

Lokacin girbi

• Daban-daban iri: Daga ƙarshen Yuni zuwa farkon Agusta
• Kafaffen iri: farkon Yuli zuwa Agusta
• Semi-kaifi iri: Agusta zuwa Satumba
• Primocane-fruiting: marigayi rani har sai sanyi

Jeri na rassan blackberry yana nuna matakai daga kore mara kyau zuwa cikakke baƙar fata berries, wanda aka lakafta don kwatanta lokacin girbi. Karin bayani

Tukwici Girbi

• Zaɓi a cikin safiya mai sanyi lokacin da berries suka da ƙarfi
• Girbi kowane kwanaki 2-3 a lokacin mafi girma
• Yi amfani da hannaye biyu: ɗaya don riƙe reshe, ɗaya don cire berries a hankali
• Tattara berries a cikin kwantena marasa zurfi don hana murkushewa
• Ɗauki duk cikakke berries, kamar yadda 'ya'yan itace masu girma ke jawo kwari da cututtuka
• Guji girbi a lokacin ko nan da nan bayan ruwan sama idan zai yiwu

Adana da Kiyayewa

Sabbin Ma'aji

• Ajiye berries marasa wanke nan da nan
• Ajiye a cikin kwantena masu numfashi wanda aka lika tare da tawul ɗin takarda
• Yi amfani a cikin kwanaki 3-5 don mafi kyawun inganci
• A wanke kawai kafin amfani

Daskarewa

• A wanke da bushe berries sosai
• Yada a cikin Layer guda ɗaya a kan takardar yin burodi
• Daskare har sai da ƙarfi (kimanin awanni 2)
• Canja wurin zuwa jakar daskarewa ko kwantena
• Zai ci gaba har zuwa watanni 10-12

Ana adanawa

• Yi jam ko jelly tare da pectin
• Ƙirƙiri syrup blackberry don pancakes
• Shirya blackberry vinegar
• Dehydrate don blackberry "raisins
• Za'a iya amfani da syrup mai haske don amfanin shekara-shekara

Hasashen Haɓaka: Manyan tsire-tsire na blackberry na iya samar da girbi mai ban sha'awa. Yi tsammanin fam 10-13 a kowace shuka don nau'ikan bi-da-bi, 18-28 fam a kowace ƙafa 10 na jere don nau'ikan madaidaiciya, da fam 25-35 a kowace shuka don nau'ikan madaidaiciyar madaidaiciya idan an kiyaye su da kyau.

Hannaye a hankali suna riƙe da sabbin ɓauren ɓaure tare da koren ganye da ciyayi na berry a bango. Karin bayani

Shuka Blackberries a cikin kwantena

Iyakantaccen sarari ba yana nufin ba za ku iya jin daɗin blackberries na gida ba. Girman kwantena kyakkyawan zaɓi ne don patio, bene, ko ƙananan yadi, kuma yana ba da fa'idodi kamar motsi da mafi kyawun iko akan yanayin girma.

Tsire-tsire na blackberry masu girma tare da berries masu girma da waɗanda ba su da tushe suna girma a cikin manyan kwantena baƙar fata akan filin lambun lambu. Karin bayani

Mafi kyawun iri don kwantena

Wasu nau'ikan blackberry sun fi dacewa da girmar akwati fiye da sauran:

• Primocane-fruiting iri iri kamar 'Prime-Ark Freedom' da 'Black Gem' suna da kyau saboda ƙaƙƙarfan dabi'ar girma.
• Dwarf iri kamar 'Baby Cakes' ana yin su ne musamman don girma ganga
• Iri marasa ƙaya suna da sauƙin sarrafawa a cikin keɓaɓɓen wuri na akwati

Karamin ciyayi guda biyu na blackberry dake girma a cikin tukwane na terracotta akan bene na katako, cike da berries cikakke kuma mara kyau tare da koren ganye da hasken rana mai laushi. Karin bayani

Bukatun kwantena

Girman kwantena da Nau'in

• Yi amfani da kwandon gallon 20-30 (mafi ƙarancin inci 16 a diamita)
• Tabbatar da ƙaramin zurfin inci 24 don haɓaka tushen
• Zaɓi kwantena masu ramukan magudanar ruwa
• Yi la'akari da rabin ganga, manyan jakunkuna masu girma, ko masu shuka 'ya'yan itace da aka sadaukar

Girma Matsakaici

• Yi amfani da cakuda tukunya mai inganci, ba ƙasan lambu ba
• Haɗin da ya dace: 1 part perlite, part 1 haushi, 2 sassa tukunyar ƙasa
• Tabbatar da magudanar ruwa mai kyau yayin kiyaye damshi
• Ƙara taki mai saurin-saki zuwa gaurayawan a lokacin shuka

Tukwici Kula da Kwantena

Ruwa

• Bincika matakan danshi kullum yayin lokacin girma
• Ruwa lokacin da saman 1-2 inci na ƙasa ya bushe
• Tabbatar da ruwa sosai har sai ruwa ya zube daga ƙasa
• Yi amfani da kwantena masu shayar da kai ko ɗigon ban ruwa don daidaito

Yin taki

• Aiwatar da takin ruwa kowane mako 2-3 yayin lokacin girma
• Yi amfani da daidaitaccen taki (10-10-10) ko takin Berry na musamman
• Kari da takin shayi kowane wata
• Rage ciyarwa a ƙarshen rani/fari

Taimako da datsa

• Sanya ƙaramin trellis ko hannun jari a cikin akwati
• Iyakance sanduna 4-5 a kowace akwati
• Prune fiye da zafin rai fiye da tsire-tsire na cikin ƙasa
• Yi la'akari da tsarin amfanin gona guda ɗaya don nau'ikan 'ya'yan itacen primocane

Blackberry shuka girma a cikin wani akwati tare da katako trellis da cikakke berries Karin bayani

Kariyar hunturu

Blackberries da aka shuka a cikin kwantena sun fi kamuwa da sanyin hunturu fiye da tsire-tsire na cikin ƙasa saboda tushensu ba ya da kariya. A cikin yankuna masu sanyi (shiyoyi 5-6):

• Matsar da kwantena zuwa wurin da aka karewa ( gareji mara zafi, da bangon da ke fuskantar kudu)
• Kunna kwantena tare da kumfa ko kumfa don rufi
• Aiwatar da wani lokacin farin ciki na ciyawa a saman ƙasa
• Ka guji yawan ruwa yayin barci, amma kar a bar tushen ya bushe gaba daya

Kwantena Lifespan: Yi shirin sabunta matsakaiciyar girma kowane shekara 2-3 ta hanyar cire kusan 1/3 na tsohuwar ƙasa da maye gurbin shi da cakuda tukunyar tukwane. Kowace shekara 4-5, yi la'akari da sake dawowa gaba ɗaya tare da matsakaicin matsakaici.

Gyara Matsalolin Jama'a

Ko da kulawar da ta dace, tsire-tsire na blackberry na iya haifar da matsaloli a wasu lokuta. Ga yadda ake ganowa da magance matsalolin gama gari:

Rashin Samar da 'ya'yan itace mara kyau

Dalilai masu yiwuwa:

• Rashin isasshen hasken rana (kasa da awanni 6 a rana)
• Rashin isassun pollination
• Gyaran da ba daidai ba (yawan gwangwani da yawa ko kaɗan)
• Rashin abinci mai gina jiki
• Damuwar ruwa a lokacin haɓakar 'ya'yan itace

Magani:

• Matsar da tsire-tsire zuwa wuri mafi duhu idan zai yiwu
• Shuka pollinator mai jan hankalin furanni a kusa
• Bi ƙa'idodin da suka dace don nau'in blackberry ɗin ku
• Aiwatar da daidaiton taki a lokacin bazara da farkon bazara
• Tabbatar da daidaiton ruwa, musamman lokacin haɓakar 'ya'yan itace

Ganyen Yellowing

Dalilai masu yiwuwa:

• Rashin Nitrogen (tsofaffin ganyen rawaya da farko)
• Iron chlorosis (rawaya tsakanin veins, sau da yawa saboda high pH)
• Rashin magudanar ruwa/kasa mai cike da ruwa
• Ciwon gizo-gizo mite
• Ƙwayar cuta da ake kamuwa

Magani:

• A shafa takin nitrogen idan tsofaffin ganyen ya shafa
• Ƙara baƙin ƙarfe sulfate ko acidifying taki idan pH ya yi yawa
• Inganta magudanar ruwa ko la'akari da gadaje masu tasowa
• Bincika ƙwayoyin gizo-gizo kuma a bi da sabulun kwari idan akwai
• Cire kuma lalata tsire-tsire masu kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta

Cane Dieback

Dalilai masu yiwuwa:

• Cututtukan fungal (anthracnose, ƙwanƙarar gwangwani)
• Raunin hunturu
• Lalacewar kwari (masu raƙuman gwangwani)
• Lalacewar injina

Magani:

• Cire sandunan da abin ya shafa, yanke da kyau a ƙasa da wuraren da suka lalace
• Kashe kayan aikin pruning tsakanin yanke
• Inganta yanayin iska tare da tazara mai kyau da datsa
• Aiwatar da tushen jan karfe a farkon bazara
• Ba da kariya ta hunturu a cikin yankuna masu sanyi

Ƙananan ko Malformed Berries

Dalilai masu yiwuwa:

• Pollination mara kyau
• Damuwar fari a lokacin ci gaban 'ya'yan itace
• Lalacewar kwari (tarnished shuka bug)
• Rashin abinci mai gina jiki (musamman potassium)
• Ƙwayar cuta da ake kamuwa

Magani:

• Ƙarfafa masu pollinators tare da dasa shuki
• Kula da damshin ƙasa daidai gwargwado
• Kula da kwarin kwari da bi da yadda ake buƙata
• Aiwatar da daidaiton taki tare da isasshen potassium
• Maye gurbin tsire-tsire masu kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta tare da ƙwararrun jari mara cuta

Lokacin da za a Fara: Idan tsire-tsire na blackberry suna nuna alamun cututtuka masu tsanani, da rashin samar da su akai-akai duk da matakan gyara, ko kuma sun wuce shekaru 10-15 tare da raguwar kuzari, yana iya zama lokacin da za a cire su kuma a fara sabo da sababbin tsire-tsire marasa cututtuka a wani wuri daban.

Wani mutum mai matsakaicin shekaru sanye da hular bambaro yana duba wani ganyen blackberry mara lafiya tare da gilashin ƙara girma a cikin lambun da ke rana. Karin bayani

Nasihu don Haɓaka Haɓaka Haɓaka da ingancin Berry

Bi waɗannan shawarwarin ƙwararrun don samun mafi kyawun shuka daga tsire-tsire na blackberry dangane da yawa da inganci:

Ingantaccen Yanar Gizo

• Zaɓi wuri mai sa'o'i 8+ na hasken rana kai tsaye
• Tabbatar da kyakkyawan yanayin iska don hana cututtuka
• Shuka a cikin gadaje masu tasowa idan magudanar ruwa suna da shakka
• Layukan gabas arewa-kudu don iyakar faɗuwar rana
• Kare daga iska mai ƙarfi wanda zai iya lalata sanduna

Gudanar da Shuka

• Kula da mafi kyawun yawan gwangwani (karas 4-8 kowace shuka ko ƙafar layi)
• Cire gwangwani masu rauni ko masu jujjuyawa don mayar da hankali kan kuzari akan masu ƙarfi
• Tushen lokacin rani madaidaiciya kuma nau'ikan madaidaiciya madaidaiciya don haɓaka reshe
• Horar da sanduna da kyau akan tsarin trellis
• Cire masu tsotsa a waje da faɗin layin da ake so

Gina Jiki da Ruwa

• Aiwatar da takin kowace shekara a farkon bazara
• Yi amfani da daidaiton taki tare da micronutrients
• Yi la'akari da ciyar da foliar tare da cire ciyawa
• Shigar da ban ruwa na drip don daidaiton danshi
• Ƙara yawan shayarwa yayin haɓakar 'ya'yan itace

Layukan daji na blackberry cike da 'ya'yan itace cikakke akan wata gona mai yawan gaske a ƙarƙashin sararin sama mai haske. Karin bayani

Haɓaka Zaƙi da ɗanɗano Berry

Zabi iri-iri

• Zaɓi nau'ikan da aka sani don dandano mafi kyau (kamar 'Triple Crown' ko 'Marion')
• Zaɓi nau'ikan da suka dace da yanayin ku don ingantaccen ci gaba
• Yi la'akari da nau'ikan bin diddigin don mafi kyawun dandano a cikin yanayi masu dacewa
• Shuka nau'ikan iri da yawa don kwatanta da jin daɗin bayanin martaba daban-daban

Ayyukan Al'adu

• Bada berries su cika cikakke akan shuka (launi baƙar fata)
• Girbi da safe lokacin da abun ciki na sukari ya fi girma
• Ka guji yawan nitrogen, wanda zai iya rage zaƙi
• Aiwatar da potassium da phosphorus don ingantattun 'ya'yan itace
• Kula da damshin ƙasa mai daidaituwa don hana damuwa

Kusa da cikakke cikakke baƙar fata yana nuna kyalli, ɗigon ruwan shunayya mai duhu da wadataccen nau'in halitta. Karin bayani

Nasiha Nasiha don Lambunan Gida

Mafi kyau ga Flavor

• 'Triple Crown' (ƙaya mara ƙarfi)
• 'Marion' (ƙaya mai laushi)
• 'Navaho' (mai tsayi mara kyau)
• 'Boysen' (marasa ƙaya)
• 'Hall's Beauty' (marasa ƙaya)

Mafi kyau ga Yanayin sanyi

• 'Darrow' (tsarin ƙaya)
• 'Illini Hardy' (tsarin ƙaya)
• 'Prime-Ark Freedom' (ƙaya maras primocane-fruiting)
• 'Chester' (ƙaya mara ƙarfi)
• 'Navaho' (mai tsayi mara kyau)

Mafi kyawun Kwantena

• 'Baby Cakes' (dwarf, thornless)
• 'Prime-Ark Freedom' (ƙaya maras primocane-fruiting)
• 'Black Gem' (primocane-fruiting mara kyau)
• 'Arapaho' (karamin ƙaya mara ƙarfi)
• 'Bushel da Berry' jerin iri

Kammalawa: Jin daɗin 'Ya'yan itacen Aikinku

Noman blackberries a cikin lambun gidanku yana ba da lada mai yawa don ƙaramin ƙoƙari. Tare da ingantaccen zaɓi iri-iri, shirye-shiryen wurin, da kulawa mai gudana, zaku iya jin daɗin girbi mai yawa na waɗannan berries masu gina jiki na shekaru masu yawa. Gamsuwa na ɗaukar 'ya'yan itace masu dumama rana a kololuwar girma ƙwarewa ce da ba za a iya daidaita ta da 'ya'yan itacen da aka saya ba.

Ka tuna cewa tsire-tsire na blackberry suna haɓaka da shekaru, yawanci suna kaiwa cikakkiyar samarwa a cikin shekara ta uku. Yi haƙuri yayin lokacin kafawa, kuma za a ba ku lada tare da haɓaka yawan amfanin ƙasa yayin da tsire-tsirenku suka girma. Ko kuna shuka blackberries a cikin fili mai faɗi ko a cikin kwantena akan baranda, ƙa'idodin kulawa mai kyau sun kasance iri ɗaya: isasshen hasken rana, daidaiton danshi, dasa mai kyau, da girbi akan lokaci.

Bayan daɗaɗɗen berries, shuka blackberries naku yana haɗa ku zuwa yanayin yanayi na yanayi kuma yana ba da dama don raba gogewa da girbi tare da dangi da abokai. Daga sabbin abinci zuwa adanawa, smoothies zuwa kayan zaki, blackberries na gida suna ba da damar dafa abinci mara iyaka waɗanda zasu sa ku yi ɗokin girbi kowace shekara.

Iyali na farin ciki da yawa suna tsinkowa tare da cin berries cikakke tare a cikin lambun gida na rana. Karin bayani

Karin Karatu

Idan kuna jin daɗin wannan sakon, kuna iya kuma son waɗannan shawarwari:

• Shuka Raspberries: Jagora ga Juicy Homegrown Berries
• Mafi kyawun nau'ikan Plum da Bishiyoyi don Shuka a cikin lambun ku
• Mafi kyawun nau'ikan Strawberry don girma a cikin lambun ku