Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Wokukhulisa Amazambane Engadini Yakho
Kushicilelwe: Februwari 24, 2026 20:47:52 UTC
Ukutshala amazambane engadini yakho kungenye yezinto ezizuzisa kakhulu kubalimi basekhaya. Kukhona okuthile okumangalisayo ngokutshala lawo mazambane aphansi bese kamuva umba ingcebo yezilimo eziyizigaxa ezintsha.
A Complete Guide to Growing Potatoes in Your Own Garden
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumqali noma ungumlimi onolwazi, lo mhlahlandlela uzokuqondisa kuzo zonke izinyathelo zohambo lokutshala amazambane - kusukela ekukhetheni izinhlobo ezifanele kuya ekugcineni isivuno sakho ngendlela efanele.
Ukukhetha Amazambane Akho
Isinyathelo sokuqala sokuvuna amazambane ngempumelelo siqala ngokukhetha amazambane afanele ongawatshala. Lokhu akulula njengokutshala amazambane esitolo sokudla, njengoba amazambane amaningi athengiswayo elashwa ngezithiyo zokuhluma ezivimbela ukukhula kahle.
Amazambane Embewu vs. Amazambane Esitolo Sokudla
Qala njalo ngamazambane embewu aqinisekisiwe avela esikhungweni sengadi noma kumhlinzeki we-inthanethi. Lawa akhuliswa ngqo ukuze angabi nezifo futhi alungele ukutshalwa. Nakuba amazambane asesitolo sokudla angahluma futhi akhule, avame ukuthwala izifo ezingathelela inhlabathi yakho iminyaka eminingi futhi zikhiqize isivuno esidumazayo.
Izinhlobo Zamazambane Nezimpawu Zazo
Amazambane ahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amathathu amakhulu ngokuya ngesikhathi sokuvuna kwawo:
| Uhlobo | Izinsuku Eziya Ekuvuthweni | Izici | Best Ukusebenzisa |
| Isizini Yokuqala (Izikhathi Zokuqala Zokuqala) | Izinsuku ezingama-60-80 | Isivuno esincane, isikhumba esithambile, asigcini isikhathi eside | Amazambane amasha, abilayo, amasaladi amazambane |
| Isizini Ephakathi (Izikhathi Zokuqala Zesibili) | Izinsuku ezingu-80-100 | Isivuno esimaphakathi, esiguquguqukayo, sigcina kuze kube yinyanga | Ukupheka, ukuthosa, ukugaya yonke into |
| Isizini Yokugcina (Isivuno Esiyinhloko) | Izinsuku eziyi-100-130 | Isivuno esiphezulu, isikhumba esikhulu, indawo yokugcina enhle kakhulu | Ukubhaka, ukuthosa, ukugcina isikhathi eside |
Izinhlobo ezidumile zifaka phakathi i-'Yukon Gold' (phakathi nesizini, yonke injongo), i-'Red Norland' (ekuseni, ilungele amasaladi amazambane), i-'Russet' (ephuzile, ilungele ukubhaka), kanye ne-'Fingerling' (ephuzile kakhulu, eyosiwe kahle kakhulu). Cabanga ngokutshala ingxube yezinhlobo ukuze wandise isikhathi sakho sokuvuna.
Ukuhlela Nokulungiselela
Ukuhlela kahle nokulungiselela inhlabathi kubalulekile ukuze isivuno samazambane siphumelele. Amazambane ayachuma ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, futhi ukuzinika isikhathi sokulungiselela kahle kuzokuvuza ngesivuno esikhulu.
Nini Ukutshala Amazambane
Isikhathi sibaluleke kakhulu uma kukhulunywa ngokutshala amazambane. Njengezitshalo zesizini epholile, amazambane kufanele atshalwe amasonto ama-2-4 ngaphambi kosuku lwakho lokugcina lwesithwathwa, lapho amazinga okushisa enhlabathi efika okungenani ku-45°F (7°C). Ezindaweni eziningi zase-United States, lokhu kusho ukutshala ekuqaleni kuya maphakathi nentwasahlobo.
Izidingo Zokukhanya Kwelanga Nezindawo
Khetha indawo engadini ethola okungenani amahora ayi-6 okukhanya kwelanga okuqondile nsuku zonke. Amazambane akhuliswe emthunzini ongaphelele azokhiqiza, kodwa isivuno sizoncipha kakhulu. Gwema ukutshala amazambane endaweni efanayo lapho utshale khona amazambane, utamatisi, upelepele, noma ama-eggplant eminyakeni emithathu edlule ukuze uvimbele ukwakheka kwezifo enhlabathini.
Ukulungiswa Kwenhlabathi
Amazambane achuma enhlabathini ekhululekile, ekhipha amanzi kahle, ene-asidi encane ene-pH ephakathi kuka-5.8 no-6.5. Inhlabathi enzima, ecinene iholela ezigabeni ezingamile kahle, ngakho-ke ukulungiselela kahle kubalulekile:
- Khulula inhlabathi ibe yi-intshi ezingu-12 usebenzisa ifoloko noma i-tiller engadini
- Hlanganisa amasentimitha angu-2-3 omquba noma umquba obolile kahle
- Enhlabathini yobumba, engeza izinto eziphilayo ezengeziwe ukuze uthuthukise ukugeleza kwamanzi
- Cabanga ngokungeza isibabule uma i-pH yenhlabathi yakho ingaphezu kuka-6.5
- Susa amatshe, izinti, kanye nezinye izinsalela ezingaphazamisa ukukhula kwe-tuber
Inqubo yokutshala
Uma imbewu yamazambane akho ikhethiwe futhi inhlabathi ilungisiwe, sekuyisikhathi sokutshala. Ukulandela amasu afanele kuzonikeza izitshalo zakho zamazambane isiqalo esihle kakhulu.
Ukulungiselela Amazambane Embewu
Ngaphambi kokutshala, kuzodingeka ulungiselele imbewu yamazambane akho ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi "i-chitting" noma i-pre-sprouting:
- Beka amazambane embewu ungqimba olulodwa emabhokisini amaqanda noma emathileyi, ingxenye "yeso" ibheke phezulu.
- Zigcine endaweni ekhanyayo nepholile (50-60°F) kodwa kude nelanga eliqondile
- Zivumele zihlume amasonto angu-1-2 kuze kube yilapho amahlumela eba ngu-1/4 kuya ku-1/2 intshi ubude.
- Uma ufuna amazambane amakhulu (amakhulu kunebhola legalofu), wanqume abe yizicucu okungenani ngamehlo ama-2-3 ngesiqephu ngasinye
- Vumela izingcezu ezisikiwe ziphole ngokuzishiya endaweni epholile, eyomile izinsuku ezingu-2-3 ngaphambi kokutshala
Izindlela Zokutshala
Kunezindlela eziningana ezisebenzayo zokutshala amazambane. Khetha eyodwa esebenza kahle kakhulu endaweni yakho engadini:
Indlela Yomsele
Indlela yendabuko nevame kakhulu:
- Gwaba imisele ejulile ngamasentimitha angu-6-8 kanye nobubanzi obungamasentimitha angu-12
- Imisele yesikhala engamamitha angu-2-3 ukuhlukana
- Beka imbewu yamazambane eqoshiwe eceleni, iqhele ngamasentimitha angu-12
- Mboza ngenhlabathi engamasentimitha angu-3-4, ushiye ingxenye esele yomsele ukuze ugqume kamuva
Indlela Yesitsha
Ilungele izindawo ezincane noma ama-patio:
- Khetha izitsha okungenani ezingamalitha angu-15 ngobukhulu ezinemigodi yokukhipha amanzi
- Gcwalisa ingxenye engezansi engamasentimitha angu-4-6 ngengxube yokubilisa
- Beka imbewu yamazambane engu-3-4 ebusweni bomhlaba
- Mboza ngenhlabathi engamasentimitha angu-3, wengeze okwengeziwe njengoba izitshalo zikhula
Indlela Yotshani
Indlela yokungadingi ukumba eyenza ukuvuna kube lula:
- Khulula amasentimitha ambalwa enhlabathi ephezulu
- Beka imbewu yamazambane ngqo ebusweni benhlabathi, ibanga elingamasentimitha angu-12 phakathi
- Mboza ngotshani obuhlanzekile obungamasentimitha angu-4-6
- Engeza utshani obengeziwe njengoba izitshalo zikhula zibe zinde
Noma ngabe iyiphi indlela oyikhethayo, nisela kahle ngemva kokutshala ukuze uhlalise inhlabathi ezungeze amazambane embewu.
Ukunakekelwa Ngesikhathi Sokukhula
Ukunakekelwa okufanele ngesikhathi sokukhula kuqinisekisa izitshalo ezinempilo kanye nokukhiqizwa okukhulu kwezimila. Amazambane anezidingo ezithile ezishintshayo njengoba ekhula.
Izidingo Zokunisela
Umswakama ohlala njalo ubalulekile ekukhuleni kwamazambane, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwezimbali lapho kwakheka izimila. Hlosa amanzi angamasentimitha angu-1-2 ngesonto, uvumelane nemvula:
- Nisela ngokujulile kodwa kaningi ukuze ukhuthaze ukukhula kwezimpande ezijulile
- Gcina umswakama wenhlabathi ulingana - gwema ukuvumela inhlabathi yome ngokuphelele
- Nciphisa ukuchelela lapho izitshalo ziqala ukuphuzi futhi ziphinde zife (okubonisa ukuthi isikhathi sokuvuna sisondela)
- Sebenzisa ukuchelela ngamaconsi noma amapayipi okucwilisa ukuze ugcine amaqabunga omile futhi unciphise ingozi yezifo
Amazambane aseHilling
Ukugquma kuyinqubo yokugoba inhlabathi ezungeze izitshalo zamazambane ezikhulayo. Lo mkhuba obalulekile uvimbela izilimo eziyizigaxa ukuthi zingavezwa elangeni (okubangela ukuthi zibe luhlaza futhi zibe yingozi) futhi kwandisa isivuno sakho:
- Qala ukugquma lapho izitshalo zifinyelela amasentimitha angu-6-8 ubude
- Hlanza inhlabathi ngokucophelela uzungeze iziqu, ushiye amasentimitha ambalwa aphezulu amaqabunga eveziwe
- Phinda inqubo njalo emavikini ama-2-3 njengoba izitshalo zikhula
- Yeka ukuqongelela izintaba uma izitshalo seziqala ukuqhakaza
Ukuvundisa
Amazambane ayizinto zokudla ezilinganiselayo ezizuza ekudleni okunempilo:
- Faka umanyolo olinganiselayo, wemvelo (njengo-10-10-10) ngesikhathi sokutshala
- Faka umquba eceleni uma izitshalo ziphakeme ngamasentimitha angu-1.5
- Gwema umanyolo one-nitrogen eningi, okhuthaza amaqabunga ngokulimaza izilimo eziyizigaxa
- Cabanga ngomanyolo one-phosphorus ne-potassium eningi lapho izitshalo ziqala ukuqhakaza
Izinambuzane Ezivamile Nezifo
Amazambane angathinteka yizinambuzane nezifo eziningana. Ukuhlonza kusenesikhathi kanye nokungenelela kubalulekile ekuvikeleni isivuno sakho:
Izinambuzane Ezivamile
- I-Colorado Potato Beetle: Izinambuzane eziphuzi-orenji ezinemigqa emnyama edla amaqabunga
- Ama-aphid: Izinambuzane ezincane ezimunca ujusi wezitshalo futhi ezingasakaza izifo
- Izikelemu: Izibungu ezincane neziqinile ezigobhoza ezigabeni
- Ama-Flea Beetles: Ama-beetles amancane adala imigodi emincane emaqabunga
Izifo Ezivamile
- Ubuhlungu Bokuqala: Isifo se-fungus esibangela amabala amnyama, agxile emaqabungeni aphansi
- Isifo Sokukhunta Esibuhlungu Kakhulu: Isifo esibhubhisayo sesikhunta esabangela iNdlala Yamazambane ase-Ireland
- Ukhwekhwe: Isifo samagciwane esibangela izilonda eziqinile ezigabeni
- I-Verticillium Wilt: Isifo se-fungus esibangela ukuphuzi nokubuna
Zijwayeze ukushintshanisa izitshalo, gcina umoya ugeleza kahle phakathi kwezitshalo, futhi ucabangele izinhlobo ezimelana nezifo ukuze unciphise izinkinga zezifo. Ukuze ulawule izinambuzane eziphilayo, khetha amabhungane, sebenzisa izembozo zemigqa, noma ufake uwoyela we-neem noma insipho yokubulala izinambuzane uma kunezikhukhula ezinkulu.
Ukuvuna Amazambane Akho
Ngemva kwezinyanga zokunakekela nokulindela, ukuvuna amazambane akho akhulele ekhaya kuyinto ejabulisayo. Ukwazi ukuthi uzovuna nini futhi kanjani kuqinisekisa ukuthi uzothola ikhwalithi kanye nobuningi obuhle kakhulu esivunweni sakho.
Isikhathi Sokuvuna
Isikhathi sokuvuna sincike ekutheni ufuna amazambane amasha noma amazambane okugcina:
Amazambane Amasha
- Vuna emavikini ama-2-3 ngemuva kokuqhakaza kwezitshalo
- Ngena kancane enhlabathini bese ususa izimila ezimbalwa, ushiye isitshalo siphelele
- Ilungele ukusetshenziswa ngokushesha
- Isikhumba esincane nesithambile esingagcini kahle
Amazambane Okugcina
- Vuna emavikini ama-2-3 ngemuva kokuba amaqabunga ebuye afa ngokwemvelo
- Isikhumba kufanele siqine futhi singakhuhliki kalula
- Ukufa kwesitshalo ngokuphelele kubonisa ukuthi izimila sezivuthiwe
- Kuhle kakhulu ukugcina isikhathi eside
Indlela Yokuvuna Amazambane
Indlela efanele yokuvuna ivimbela ukulimala kwezimila zakho eziyigugu:
- Khetha usuku olomile lapho inhlabathi ingamanzi
- Sebenzisa ifoloko noma ifosholo engadini, uyifake cishe ngamasentimitha angu-12 ukusuka esiqwini sesitshalo
- Phakamisa futhi ukhulule inhlabathi ngobumnene, uqaphele ukuthi ungabhobozi noma yiziphi izimila
- Susa amazambane akhululiwe ngesandla, uhlole kahle ukuthi asele yini
- Hlanza inhlabathi eningi (ungawagezi amazambane ahloselwe ukugcinwa)
- Hlunga amazambane ngobukhulu bese uhlola noma yimuphi umonakalo
Ngamazambane akhuliswe esitsheni, mane ubeke isitsha eceleni bese uhlela kahle enhlabathini ukuze uqoqe isivuno sakho. Ngendlela yotshani, vele udonse utshani ukuze uveze amazambane akho - akudingeki ukumba!
Ukwelapha Nokugcina Isitoreji
Ukulungiswa nokugcinwa kahle kwandisa impilo yokuvunwa kwamazambane akho, okukuvumela ukuthi ujabulele amazambane akho akhulele ekhaya izinyanga eziningi ngemva kokuvunwa.
Inqubo Yokwelapha
Ukwelapha kuvumela izikhumba zamazambane ukuthi ziqine futhi amanxeba amancane aphole, okwandisa kakhulu isikhathi sokugcina:
- Beka amazambane angagezwanga ngesendlalelo esisodwa endaweni emnyama, enomswakama
- Gcina izinga lokushisa liphakathi kuka-50-60°F (10-15°C)
- Vumela amazambane ukuthi alulame amasonto angu-1-2
- Susa noma yimaphi amazambane abonisa izimpawu zomonakalo noma izifo
- Hlanza noma yimuphi umhlabathi osele ngemva kokuwulungisa (ungawugezi noma kunjalo)
Isitoreji Sesikhathi Eside
Uma kunezimo ezifanele zokugcina, amazambane angahlala izinyanga ezingu-2-6 kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni:
- Gcina endaweni epholile (38-40°F), emnyama, futhi enomswakama olinganiselayo
- Sebenzisa izitsha eziphefumulayo njengezikhwama zamaphepha, amabhokisi ekhadibhodi, noma obhasikidi
- Ungalokothi ugcine ezitsheni ezingangeni moya, ezibamba umswakama futhi zisheshise ukonakala
- Gcina kude no-anyanisi, ama-apula, neminye imikhiqizo ekhipha igesi ye-ethylene
- Hlola njalo bese ususa noma yimaphi amazambane abonisa izimpawu zokuhluma noma ukubola
- Izinhlobo zesizini yokugcina zivame ukugcina isikhathi eside kunezinhlobo zokuqala
Okubalulekile: Ungalokothi udle amazambane aluhlaza! Uma amazambane evezwa ekukhanyeni, akhiqiza i-solanine, isakhi esinobuthi esibangela umbala oluhlaza. Amabala amancane aluhlaza anganqunywa, kodwa alahlwe amazambane ane-greening ebalulekile.
Isiphetho
Ukutshala amazambane engadini yakho kukuxhumanisa nesiko elihlanganisa izinkulungwane zeminyaka namasiko angenakubalwa. Kusukela kuma-Inca asendulo awatshala okokuqala kuya egcekeni lakho, amazambane ahlala engenye yezitshalo eziguquguqukayo nezizuzisa kakhulu kubalimi basekhaya.
Ngokulandela izinyathelo ezikulesi siqondisi – kusukela ekukhetheni izinhlobo ezifanele nokulungisa inhlabathi yakho kuya ekuvuneni nasekugcineni kahle amasu – ususendleleni eya ekujabuleleni isivuno esikhulu samazambane. Khumbula ukuthi isizini ngayinye yokulima iletha izifundo ezintsha, futhi ngisho nabalimi abanolwazi bayaqhubeka nokuthuthukisa amakhono abo okukhulisa amazambane unyaka nonyaka.
Ngakho-ke hlamba izandla zakho, ujabulele inqubo, futhi ubheke phambili ekwanelisekeni okungenakuqhathaniswa kokuphakela amazambane akhule ekhaya etafuleni lakho. Uhambo lwakho oluya engadini kuya etafuleni luqala ngembewu yamazambane elula futhi luphela ngesivuno esimnandi osinakekele kuzo zonke izinyathelo zendlela.
Ukufunda Okuqhubekayo
Uma ukujabulele lokhu okuthunyelwe, ungaphinda uthande lezi ziphakamiso:
- Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Wokukhulisa Amapomegranati Ekhaya Kusukela Ekutshalweni Kuya Ekuvunweni
- Umhlahlandlela Wokukhulisa iBok Choy Engadini Yakho
- Ukukhulisa u-anyanisi: Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Wabalimi Basemakhaya