Girma Persimmons: Jagora don Haɓaka Nasara mai daɗi
Buga: 1 Disamba, 2025 da 09:18:51 UTC
Persimmons ɗaya ne daga cikin sirrin aikin lambu mafi kyawun kiyayewa - kyawawan bishiyoyi waɗanda ke samar da 'ya'yan itacen lemu masu ban sha'awa tare da dandano na musamman na zuma-zaƙi sabanin wani abu a cikin lambun ku. Haɓaka bishiyar persimmon ɗin ku yana ba ku lada ba kawai 'ya'yan itace masu daɗi ba, har ma da kyawawan ganyen falle da ƙari mai ban sha'awa mai ban sha'awa wanda ke buƙatar kulawa mai ban mamaki.
Growing Persimmons: A Guide to Cultivating Sweet Success

Wannan jagorar za ta bi ku cikin duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani don samun nasarar shuka waɗannan bishiyoyi masu ban mamaki a cikin bayan gida.
Zaɓan Dabarun Persimmon Dama
Ganyen Amurka (hagu) sun fi ƙanƙanta tare da keɓantaccen baki, yayin da persimmons na Asiya (dama) sun fi girma da zagaye.
Kafin shuka persimmons, yana da mahimmanci a fahimci manyan nau'ikan nau'ikan lambun gida guda biyu:
Amurka Persimmon (Diospyros virginiana)
- Dan Asalin Gabashin Amurka (yanki na 4-9)
- Mafi sanyi-hardy fiye da nau'ikan Asiya (yana jurewa har zuwa -25 ° F)
- Yana girma ƙafa 40-60 a cikin daji (ƙananan a noma)
- Yana samar da ƙananan 'ya'yan itatuwa tare da dandano mai tsanani
- Astringent har sai cikakke (dole ne ya zama taushi kafin cin abinci)
- Bishiyoyin maza da mata sun bambanta (bukatar duka don samar da 'ya'yan itace)

Asian Persimmon (Diospyros kaki)
- 'Yan asalin China da Japan (shiyoyi 7-10)
- Ƙananan sanyi-hardy (yana jurewa ƙasa zuwa 0°F)
- Karamin bishiya, mai tsayi ƙafa 25-30
- Yana samar da manyan 'ya'yan itatuwa masu girman peach
- Akwai shi a cikin nau'ikan astringent da wadanda ba astringent ba
- Mai da kansa (itace guda na iya samar da 'ya'ya)

Shahararrun Cultivars don Lambunan Gida
Iri marasa Astringent
Ana iya cin waɗannan yayin da suke da ƙarfi kamar apple:
- Fuyu - Mafi mashahuri nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'in) astringent iri-iri,tare da nama mai dadi
- Ichi Ki Kei Jiro - marar iri tare da kyakkyawan dandano da laushi
- Imoto - Manyan 'ya'yan itatuwa masu lebur tare da dandano mai kyau
Astringent iri-iri
Waɗannan dole ne su kasance cikakke taushi kuma cikakke kafin cin abinci:
- Hachiya - Manyan 'ya'yan itatuwa masu siffar acorn tare da dandano mai dadi lokacin da suka girma
- Saijo - Ƙananan 'ya'yan itatuwa da aka yi la'akari da su a cikin mafi dadi lokacin da suka girma
- Seedling na Amurka - Iri-iri na asali tare da kyakkyawan sanyin sanyi
Nemo Cikakkiyar Wuri: Yanayi da Wuri
Bukatun yanayi
Persimmons suna girma mafi kyau a cikin USDA hardiness zones 4-9 (Amurka) ko 7-10 (Asiya). Waɗannan bishiyoyi masu daidaitawa suna buƙatar:
- Lokacin sanyi na hunturu don saita 'ya'yan itace da kyau
- Kariya daga sanyin lokacin bazara wanda zai iya lalata furanni
- Isasshen zafi lokacin rani don cika 'ya'yan itace cikakke
Zaɓin Wuri Mai Kyau
Lokacin zabar inda zaku dasa bishiyar persimmon ɗinku, nemi:
Hasken rana
Bishiyoyin Persimmon suna girma mafi kyau a cikin cikakkiyar rana, kodayake suna iya jure wa ɗanɗano inuwar rana a cikin yanayi mai zafi sosai. Tabbatar cewa sun sami akalla sa'o'i 6-8 na hasken rana kai tsaye a kowace rana don samar da 'ya'yan itace mafi kyau.
Yanayin Kasa
Duk da yake persimmons suna dacewa da nau'ikan ƙasa daban-daban, sun fi son:
- Ƙasa mai laushi mai laushi
- Dan kadan acidic zuwa tsaka tsaki pH (6.0-6.5 shine manufa)
- Kyakkyawan abun ciki na kwayoyin halitta
Tukwici: A guji dasa persimmons a cikin ƙananan wurare inda iska mai sanyi ke tsayawa, saboda wannan yana ƙara haɗarin sanyi ga furanni da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Zaɓi wuri mai ɗagaɗaɗɗen ɗagawa tare da kyakkyawan zagayawa na iska.

Bukatun Tazara
Ba bishiyar persimmon ɗinku isasshen sarari don girma:
- Persimmons na Amurka: 20-25 ƙafa baya
- Farin Asiya: Tsakanin ƙafa 15-20
- Dwarf iri: 10-12 ƙafa baya
Dasa Itaciyar Persimmon
Lokacin Shuka
Mafi kyawun lokacin dasa bishiyoyin persimmon shine lokacin hutun su:
- Late fall bayan leaf drop (a cikin ƙananan yanayi)
- Farkon bazara kafin hutun toho (a cikin yankuna masu sanyi)
Ana Shirya Wurin Dasa
Shirye-shiryen wurin da ya dace yana da mahimmanci don nasarar persimmon:
- Share yanki mai tsawon ƙafa 4 na ciyawa da ciyawa don kawar da gasa
- Gwada pH ƙasa kuma gyara idan ya cancanta don cimma 6.0-6.5
- Don ƙasa mai nauyi, haɗa cikin takin gargajiya don inganta magudanar ruwa
- Don ƙasa mai yashi, ƙara kwayoyin halitta don inganta riƙe ruwa

Jagoran Shuka Mataki na Mataki
- Tona ramin - Yi shi ninki uku fiye da tushen ball amma kawai zurfin zurfin ball na tushen. Persimmons suna da zurfin taproots, don haka rami ya kamata ya zama aƙalla zurfin ƙafa 2.
- Yi nazarin tushen-Kada ku firgita da launin baƙar fata na asalin tushen persimmon. A hankali kwance duk wani tushen da'ira.
- Sanya itacen - Sanya shi a tsakiyar rami tare da ƙungiyar daskarewa (idan akwai) 2-3 inci sama da layin ƙasa.
- Ciki a hankali - Mix ƙasa ta ƙasa tare da takin (rabo na 2: 1) kuma a cika tushen, tamping a hankali don cire aljihunan iska.
- Ruwa sosai - Ƙirƙiri kwandon ruwa a kusa da bishiyar da ruwa mai zurfi don daidaita ƙasa.
- Ciki da kyau - Aiwatar da inci 3-4 na ciyawa a cikin da'irar kewayen bishiyar, ajiye shi inci 3-4 daga gangar jikin.
- Girgizawa idan ya cancanta - A cikin wuraren da iska, ku ɗauki itacen don shekara ta farko, amma cire gungumen azaba da zarar an kafa.

Shayar da Bishiyar Persimmon ɗinku
Jadawalin shayarwa
Ruwan da ya dace yana da mahimmanci, musamman a cikin 'yan shekarun farko. Persimmons na buƙatar damshi mai daidaituwa, musamman a cikin waɗannan lokuta masu mahimmanci:
- Furen furanni (kimanin makonni 6)
- Ci gaban 'ya'yan itacen bazara
- Tsawon lokacin bushewa
Tukwici Mai Ruwa
- Ruwa mai zurfi a yankin tushen maimakon yawan shayarwa mara zurfi
- Bada ƙasa ta bushe dan kadan tsakanin waterings - persimmons ba sa son ƙasa mai jiƙa koyaushe
- Daidaita shayarwa bisa ruwan sama - tsallake ruwan da aka tsara bayan babban ruwan sama
- Yi amfani da ban ruwa mai ɗigo ko ɗigon ruwa don ingantaccen ruwa
- Ruwa da sanyin safiya don rage yawan iska

Takin Bishiyar Persimmon
Bishiyoyin Persimmon ba masu ciyarwa bane masu nauyi, kuma wuce gona da iri na iya haifar da matsaloli kamar raguwar 'ya'yan itace da ba a kai ba. Bi waɗannan jagororin don samun kyakkyawan sakamako:
Lokacin Taki
Don Bishiyoyi a Yankuna 6-7:
- Taki sau ɗaya a shekara a cikin Maris ko bayan buds
- Canja zuwa takin mai ƙarancin nitrogen bayan shekara 3
Don Bishiyoyi a Yankuna 8-9:
- Taki sau uku a shekara:
- Marigayi Fabrairu
- Marigayi Mayu
- Marigayi Yuli / farkon Agusta
Gargaɗi: Kada a taɓa yin takin bayan watan Agusta saboda wannan yana haifar da sabon girma a ƙarshen kakar, yana sa bishiyar ta zama mai rauni ga lalacewar sanyi.

Hanyar aikace-aikace
- Yada taki a ko'ina a ƙarƙashin dukan alfarwa
- Ajiye taki aƙalla inci 5 nesa da gangar jikin
- Ruwa sosai bayan aikace-aikacen
- Don zaɓin kwayoyin halitta, yi amfani da matsayin babban sutura a ƙarƙashin alfarwa
Musamman Takin Bishiyar 'Ya'yan itace
Don samun sakamako mai kyau, yi la'akari da yin amfani da takin mai magani da aka tsara musamman don itatuwan 'ya'yan itace. Wadannan sun ƙunshi daidaitattun ma'auni na gina jiki ciki har da muhimman ma'adanai kamar baƙin ƙarfe, zinc, da manganese.
Yanke itatuwan Persimmon
Bishiyoyin Persimmon suna buƙatar ɗan datsewa kaɗan idan aka kwatanta da sauran itatuwan 'ya'yan itace. Mafi kyawun lokacin da za a dasa shi ne a ƙarshen lokacin hunturu ko farkon bazara lokacin da bishiyar ta kwanta.
Yanke Bishiyoyi (Shekaru 1-5)
Mayar da hankali kan kafa tsari mai ƙarfi:
- Datsa don ƙirƙirar siffar fure mai buɗewa tare da manyan rassa 3-5
- Babban rassan sarari a ko'ina a kusa da gangar jikin, kusan inci 12 a baya a tsaye
- Cire shugabannin gasa don kula da gangar jikin tsakiya
- Cire rassan tare da kunkuntar kusurwoyi (kasa da 45°)
- Yanke harbe-harbe masu ƙarfi da 1/3 don ƙarfafa reshe

Yanke Bishiyoyi Masu Girma (Sama da Shekaru 5)
Kula da tsarin da aka kafa tare da ƙaramin sa baki:
- Cire matattu, marasa lafiya, ko rassan da suka lalace
- Kawar da ƙetare ko shafa rassan
- Yankunan bakin ciki masu cunkoson jama'a don inganta yaduwar iska da shigar haske
- Cire sprouts ruwa (harbe tsaye) da tsotsa daga tushe
- Kula da tsayin bishiyar ta hanyar komawa dogon rassan baya idan ana so
Rejuvenation Pruning
Ga tsofaffi, bishiyoyi da ba a kula da su waɗanda ke buƙatar farfaɗowa:
- Cire kusan 1/3 na tsoffin rassan
- Rarraba yanke a ko'ina cikin rufin
- Mayar da hankali kan buɗe cibiyar don inganta shigar haske
- Zai iya ɗaukar shekaru 2-3 don sake farfado da bishiyar da aka manta gaba ɗaya

Sarrafa Kwari da Cututtuka
Bishiyoyin Persimmon suna da ɗan juriya ga kwari da cututtuka idan aka kwatanta da sauran itatuwan 'ya'yan itace da yawa. Duk da haka, har yanzu suna iya fuskantar wasu ƙalubale:
Kwari na gama gari
Mealybugs
Alamun: Fari, yawan auduga akan ganye da rassa
Jiyya: Man Neem, sabulun kwari, ko gabatar da kwari masu amfani kamar ladybugs
Sikelin kwari
Alamomi: Ƙananan kusoshi akan rassan da ganye
Jiyya: Man kayan lambu a lokacin hutu, man neem lokacin girma
Aphids
Alamomi: Ganyen lanƙwasa, ragowar m
Jiyya: Ruwa mai ƙarfi, sabulun kwari, ko man neem
'Ya'yan itace kwari
Alamun: Ƙananan ramuka a cikin 'ya'yan itace masu girma
Jiyya: Yi girbi da sauri lokacin da ya girma, yi amfani da tarkon kuda
Cututtuka na kowa
Crown Gall
Alamomi: Zagaye girma a kan rassan da tushen sa
Rigakafin: Ka guji raunata itace, tsaftace kayan aikin
Jiyya: Cire abubuwan da suka kamu da cutar, tsaftace kayan aikin bayan haka
Leaf Spot
Alamomi: Baƙar fata a kan ganye, farawa daga kasan bishiya
Rigakafin: Inganta yanayin iska, tsaftace ganyen da suka fadi
Jiyya: tushen jan karfe na fungicides ko kwayoyin fungicides
Matakan rigakafi
- Kula da kyakkyawan yanayin iska ta hanyar pruning mai kyau
- Tsaftace ganye da 'ya'yan itace da suka fadi da sauri
- A guji shayar da ruwa sama don rage matsalolin fungal
- Kula da ƙarfin bishiyar ta hanyar shayarwa da takin da ta dace
- Tsaftace kayan aikin yankan tsakanin yanke lokacin da ake mu'amala da kayan marasa lafiya
Tsarin Halitta: Yawancin al'amurran bishiyar persimmon ana iya sarrafa su ta hanyoyin kwayoyin halitta. Man Neem, sabulun kashe kwari, da ingantattun ayyukan al'adu yawanci sun isa don kiyaye lafiyar bishiyoyi.

Bukatun Pollination
Fahimtar buƙatun pollination yana da mahimmanci don samun nasarar samar da 'ya'yan itace:
American Persimmons (Diospyros virginiana)
- Dioecious - bishiyoyi ko dai namiji ne ko mace
- Itacen mata ne kawai ke samar da 'ya'ya
- Bukatar aƙalla bishiyar namiji ɗaya tsakanin ƙafa 50-100 don pollination
- Namiji daya na iya yin pollination har zuwa bishiyar mata 10
- Wasu cultivars kamar 'Meader' suna da haifuwa (ba wuya)
Asian Persimmons (Diospyros kaki)
- Mafi yawa mai kai-haihuwa - zai iya samar da 'ya'yan itace ba tare da wani nau'in pollinator daban ba
- Wasu nau'ikan suna samar da mafi kyawun amfanin gona tare da giciye-pollination
- Zai iya samar da furanni iri uku: mace, namiji, da cikakke (ɓangare biyu)
- Yawancin cultivars na iya samar da 'ya'yan itace marasa iri ba tare da pollination ba
Gano Jinsin Bishiya: jinsin persimmon na Amurka za a iya ƙaddara shi da zarar bishiyoyi suka yi fure, yawanci bayan shekaru 3-5. Idan shuka daga iri, dasa bishiyoyi da yawa don ƙara damar samun duka bishiyar namiji da ta mace.
Tukwici na Pollination
- Shuka sanannun cultivars na mata idan kuna son tabbatar da samar da 'ya'yan itace
- Don persimmons na Amurka, haɗa aƙalla bishiyar namiji ɗaya a cikin dashen ku
- Idan sarari ya iyakance, yi la'akari da dasa reshen namiji a kan bishiyar mace
- Ƙarfafa masu pollinators ta hanyar dasa furanni masu son pollinator kusa
- Persimmons na Asiya shine mafi kyawun zaɓi don ƙananan lambuna saboda haɓakar kai

Girbi da jin daɗin Persimmons ɗinku
Lokacin girbi
Lokaci shine komai lokacin girbi persimmons:
Astringent iri-iri
- Dole ne ya zama cikakke cikakke kuma ya cika kafin cin abinci
- Ana iya girbe lokacin da cikakken launi amma har yanzu yana da ƙarfi
- Bada damar girma daga bishiyar a zafin jiki
- Cikakken cikakke lokacin da nama yayi laushi kamar pudding
- Na farko sanyi sau da yawa accelerates ripening
Iri marasa Astringent
- Ana iya cin abinci lokacin da ya tsaya kamar apple
- Girbi lokacin da cikakken launi da ɗan laushi
- Za a ci gaba da girma daga itacen
- Ana iya barin don tausasa don ƙwarewar cin abinci na daban
Dabarun girbi
- Yi amfani da motsi mai sauƙi don cire 'ya'yan itace daga itacen
- Bar calyx (leafy hula) a haɗe zuwa 'ya'yan itace
- Yi a hankali don guje wa ɓarna
- Yi amfani da tire marar zurfi don tattara 'ya'yan itace, musamman masu laushi
- Girbi da safe lokacin da yanayin zafi ya yi sanyi

Ajiye Persimmons
- Persimmons masu ƙarfi waɗanda ba astringent ba: A firiji har zuwa makonni 2
- Firm astringent persimmons: Ajiye a dakin da zafin jiki har sai yayi laushi
- Persimmons cikakke: Ajiye a cikin firiji na tsawon kwanaki 2-3
- Daskare ɓangaren litattafan almara don dogon ajiya (har zuwa watanni 6)
Ripening Astringent Persimmons
Don hanzarta ripening na astringent iri:
- Sanya a cikin jakar takarda tare da ayaba ko apple
- Ajiye a zazzabi na ɗaki (65-75°F)
- Bincika kullun don laushi
- Daskarewa na dare da narke kuma na iya cire astringency
Gyara Matsalolin Jama'a
Me ya sa bishiyar persimmon dina ta zubar da 'ya'yanta da wuri?
Digon 'ya'yan itace da ba a kai ba ya zama ruwan dare tare da persimmons kuma ana iya haifar da shi ta:
- Yawan hadi - Yawancin nitrogen yana ƙarfafa ci gaban ganye a kashe 'ya'yan itace
- Ruwan da ba daidai ba - Fari mai biyo baya da ruwa mai yawa na iya haifar da faduwa
- Yawan nauyin bishiya - Bishiyoyi suna yin bakin ciki da kansu yayin ɗaukar 'ya'yan itace da yawa
- Lalacewar kwaro - Bincika lalacewar kwari akan 'ya'yan itace da suka fadi
- Magani: Kula da daidaiton ruwa, guje wa taki fiye da kima, kuma la'akari da ɓacin ran 'ya'yan itace da hannu a cikin shekaru masu nauyi
Me yasa ganyen persimmon na ke zama rawaya?
Ganyen rawaya na iya nuna al'amura da dama:
- Rashin abinci mai gina jiki - Sau da yawa chlorosis baƙin ƙarfe a cikin ƙasa alkaline
- Ruwan ruwa mai yawa - Ƙasar da ke da ƙima na iya haifar da rawaya
- Ƙarƙashin ruwa - Damuwar fari na iya yin launin rawaya
- Launi na faɗuwa na al'ada - Yellow launin faɗuwa ne na halitta
- Magani: Gwada pH na ƙasa, daidaita ayyukan shayarwa, kuma la'akari da ƙara ƙarfe chelated idan ƙasa ta kasance alkaline
Itacen persimmon na baya fitar da 'ya'ya bayan shekaru da yawa. Me yasa?
Abubuwa da yawa na iya hana samar da 'ya'yan itace:
- Jinsin itace - Ga persimmons na Amurka, kuna iya samun bishiyar namiji
- Rashin pollination-Babu bishiyar maza a kusa da persimmon na mata na Amurka
- Shekarun itace - Zai iya buƙatar shekaru 3-5 kafin ya ba da 'ya'yan itace
- Tsigewar da ba ta dace ba - Tsayawa mai yawa zai iya cire itacen 'ya'yan itace
- Magani: Tabbatar da jinsin itace, tabbatar da pollination mai kyau, yi haƙuri da ƙananan bishiyoyi, kuma a datse kadan
Me yasa 'ya'yan itacen persimmon na ke fashe?
Fasa 'ya'yan itace yawanci yana faruwa saboda:
- Ruwan da ba daidai ba - Shan ruwa kwatsam bayan lokacin bushewa
- Ruwan sama mai yawa kusa da girbi - Yana haifar da kumburi mai sauri
- Canjin yanayin zafi - Musamman a ƙarshen fall
- Magani: Kula da damshin ƙasa, musamman yayin da 'ya'yan itatuwa ke gabatowa ripening
Me yasa persimmons dina suke ɗanɗanon astringent ko da sun yi kama?
Matsalolin astringency yawanci saboda:
- Rudani iri-iri - Kuna iya samun nau'in astringent
- Cikakkun ripening - Nau'in astringent dole ne su kasance da taushi sosai
- Cold weather girbi - Ƙananan zafin jiki na iya rinjayar girma
- Magani: Tabbatar da nau'in nau'in ku, kuma don nau'in astringent, tabbatar da 'ya'yan itace suna da taushi sosai kafin cin abinci

Kammalawa: Jin daɗin 'Ya'yan itacen Aikinku
Girman persimmons yana ba ku lada ba kawai 'ya'yan itatuwa masu daɗi da na musamman ba, har ma da kyakkyawan bishiyar wuri mai faɗi wanda ke ba da sha'awa duk shekara. Daga furannin bazara zuwa ganyayen faɗuwar faɗuwa mai ban sha'awa zuwa kallon 'ya'yan itacen lemu da ke rataye a kan rassan hunturu mara kyau, bishiyar persimmon na da gaske ƙari ne na musamman ga kowane lambu.
Yayin da suke buƙatar ɗan haƙuri a farkon shekarun su, bishiyoyin persimmon suna ƙara samun ƙarancin kulawa yayin da suke girma. Juriyarsu ta dabi'a ga yawancin kwari da cututtuka ya sa su zama kyakkyawan zaɓi ga masu lambun lambu, kuma daidaitawarsu zuwa yanayin ƙasa daban-daban yana nufin za su iya bunƙasa a cikin saitunan lambun daban-daban.
Ko kun zaɓi persimmon ɗan ƙasar Amurka tare da ɗanɗanonsa mai ƙarfi ko kuma manyan nau'ikan Asiya tare da haɓakar su, zaku shiga al'adar noman persimmon wacce ta mamaye ƙarni da nahiyoyi. Tare da kulawar da ta dace da kulawa ga jagororin da ke cikin wannan jagorar, za ku ci gajiyar persimmon na ku na gida na tsawon shekaru masu zuwa.

Karin Karatu
Idan kuna jin daɗin wannan sakon, kuna iya kuma son waɗannan shawarwari:
- Mafi kyawun nau'ikan Plum da Bishiyoyi don Shuka a cikin lambun ku
- Shuka Broccoli Naku: Jagora ga Masu Lambun Gida
- Jagora don Girma Cikakkun Pears: Manyan Iri da Tukwici
