Jagora don Shuka Collard a Lambun ku
Buga: 5 Faburairu, 2026 da 12:46:13 UTC
Ganyen Collard suna ɗaya daga cikin kayan lambu mafi kyau da za ku iya shukawa a lambun gidanku. Waɗannan manyan ganyayyaki na duniyar kayan lambu ba wai kawai suna cike da abubuwan gina jiki ba, har ma suna da sauƙin nomawa, har ma ga masu farawa.
A Guide to Growing Collards in Your Own Garden
Ko kuna neman ƙara abinci mai gina jiki a cikin abincinku ko kuna son jin daɗin girbin ganyenku, wannan jagorar za ta jagorance ku ta duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da noman collard cikin nasara.
Menene Collard Greens?
Collards (Brassica oleracea) 'yan dangin kabeji ne, waɗanda ke da alaƙa da Kale, Broccoli, da Brussels sprouts. Ba kamar kabeji ba, collards ba sa samar da kai - maimakon haka, suna samar da manyan ganye kore mai duhu, masu ɗan kakin zuma waɗanda ke girma a cikin tsarin fure mai buɗewa. Waɗannan tsire-tsire masu kama da na zamanin da suna cikin tsoffin membobin dangin kabeji kuma an noma su tsawon dubban shekaru.
Kayan Abinci Mai Gina Jiki: Ganyen Collard suna da gina jiki sosai, suna samar da adadi mai kyau na bitamin A, C, K, da ma'adanai kamar calcium, iron, da magnesium. Suna kuma da wadataccen sinadarin antioxidants da fiber, wanda hakan ya sa suka zama abin ƙari mai kyau ga kowace abinci.
Ana amfani da collard musamman a girkin Kudancin ƙasar amma suna samun karbuwa a duk faɗin ƙasar saboda sauƙin amfani da kuma fa'idodin abinci mai gina jiki. Waɗannan tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi suna iya jure yanayin zafi har zuwa 15°F, wanda hakan ya sa su zama ɗaya daga cikin kayan lambu mafi jure sanyi da za ku iya shukawa. A gaskiya ma, yawancin masu lambu suna ganin collard yana da ɗanɗano mai daɗi bayan sanyi ya sumbace su!
Iri-iri na Collard da za a yi la'akari da su
Akwai nau'ikan collard masu kyau da yawa ga masu lambu a gida. Zaɓa bisa ga lokacin shuka da abubuwan da kuke so:
Zakara
Shahararriyar nau'in gauraye ce mai matuƙar juriya ga sanyi da juriya ga ƙulle-ƙulle. Tana samar da ganye masu launin shuɗi-kore masu duhu kuma ta dace da dasa shuki a lokacin bazara da kaka. Tana girma cikin kwanaki 60-75.
Kudancin Georgia
Nau'in gado na gargajiya mai santsi da manyan ganye da kuma fararen tushe. Yana jure zafi da sanyi sosai. Shuke-shuke na iya kaiwa tsayi mai ban sha'awa har zuwa ƙafa 3. Suna girma cikin kwana 70-80.
Filasha
Ganye mai kyau wanda ke da juriya ga cututtuka da kuma saurin girma. Yana samar da ganye kore masu duhu iri ɗaya, ɗan ɗanɗano. Ya dace da dasa shuki a lokacin bazara domin yana da juriya ga ƙusoshi. Yana girma cikin kwanaki 55-60.
Vates
Nau'in iri ne mai kama da na gado tare da ɗan ƙaramin yanayin girma da kuma kyakkyawan juriyar sanyi. Yana samar da ganye kore mai duhu, masu kauri. Ya dace da ƙananan lambuna. Yana girma cikin kwana 75-80.
Babban Rukunin 2.0
Ganye mai tsayin daka da ganyen da ba su da ɗan laushi. Daidaito mai kyau da yawan amfanin ƙasa. Kyakkyawan juriya ga cututtuka da jure zafi. Yana girma cikin kwana 70.
Morris Heading
Kayan gado ne wanda ke samar da kanun da suka yi laushi kamar kabeji. Manyan ganye masu laushi da ɗanɗano mai kyau. Kyakkyawan juriyar sanyi. Yana girma cikin kwanaki 70-80.
Tsare-tsare da Shiri
Ƙasa mai kyau tana da mahimmanci don shukar ganyen collard mai lafiya
Yaushe za a dasa Collard
Lokaci yana da matuƙar muhimmanci wajen noman collard. Waɗannan kayan lambu na lokacin sanyi suna girma mafi kyau lokacin da yanayin zafi ya kasance tsakanin 55°F da 75°F. Akwai tagogi biyu mafi kyau na shuka:
Shuka bazara
- Fara shuka iri a cikin gida makonni 6-8 kafin ranar sanyi ta ƙarshe ta bazara
- Dasa shuka a waje makonni 3-4 kafin sanyi na ƙarshe
- Zaɓi nau'in da ke jure wa ƙulli don dasa shuki a lokacin bazara
- Girbi kafin lokacin zafi ya zo
Shuka kaka (An fi so)
- Shuka ko dasawa kai tsaye makonni 6-8 kafin sanyin farko na kaka
- Tsire-tsire za su girma a lokacin sanyi
- Sanyi yana inganta dandano ta hanyar canza sitaci zuwa sukari
- Zai iya samar da girbi a duk lokacin hunturu a cikin yanayi mai sauƙi
Zaɓar Wuri Mai Dacewa
Collard yana bunƙasa a cikin cikakken rana amma yana iya jure wa inuwa kaɗan, musamman a yanayi mai zafi. Zaɓi wurin da ke samun akalla awanni 4-5 na hasken rana kai tsaye kowace rana. Tabbatar yankin yana da iska mai kyau don rage matsalolin cututtuka amma yana da kariya daga iska mai ƙarfi da za ta iya lalata manyan ganye.
Shirin Kasa
Collard abinci ne mai yawa wanda ke buƙatar ƙasa mai kyau da ruwa mai kyau don samar da yawan ganye:
- Gwada pH na ƙasarku - collards sun fi son pH mai ɗan acidic zuwa tsaka tsaki tsakanin 6.0 da 6.8
- A shafa taki mai inci 2-3 ko taki mai kyau a saman inci 6 na ƙasa
- Ƙara takin zamani mai daidaito bisa ga umarnin kunshin
- Tabbatar da cewa ƙasa tana magudanar ruwa sosai - mayafin wuya ba sa son ƙafafu masu danshi
- Cire duk wani dutse, saiwoyi, ko tarkace da ka iya kawo cikas ga girma
Shuka Ganyen Collard
Farawa daga iri
Iri na Collard suna tsiro mafi kyau lokacin da yanayin ƙasa yake tsakanin 45°F da 85°F. Ga yadda ake fara su cikin nasara:
Fara Tsaba a Cikin Gida (An ba da shawarar a lokacin bazara)
- Cika tiren iri da cakuda iri da aka fara shukawa
- Shuka tsaba a zurfin inci ¼, tsaba 2-3 a kowace tantanin halitta
- Rike ƙasa akai-akai da ɗanɗano amma kada tayi laushi
- A kiyaye zafin jiki a kusa da 70-75°F don mafi kyawun tsiro
- Da zarar ganyen suka fara bayyana, sai su yi sirara zuwa shuka ɗaya a kowace tantanin halitta.
- A yi taurare ga shuka ta hanyar fallasa su ga yanayin waje a hankali cikin kwanaki 7-10
Shuka Kai Tsaye (Mafi Kyau Don Shuka a Lokacin Kaka)
- Shirya ƙasa ta hanyar sassautawa zuwa zurfin inci 6-8
- Shuka iri zurfin inci ¼ zuwa ½
- Raba tsaba a tsakanin inci 3-4 a layuka inci 18-24 a tsakaninsu
- A kiyaye ƙasa a ko da yaushe tana da danshi har sai ta tsiro (yawanci kwana 5-10)
- Da zarar tsiron ya kai tsayin inci 4-5, tazara tsakanin su na inci 18-24 tsakanin su na iya zama sirara.
- Yi amfani da 'ya'yan itatuwa da aka yi da bakin ciki a cikin salati ko girki - suna da kyau a ci!
Dashen
Ko kun fara shuka iri a cikin gida ko kuma kun sayi seedlings, dabarun dasawa masu kyau suna da mahimmanci:
- Dashen a rana mai gajimare ko da yamma domin rage girgizar dashen
- Tona ramuka kaɗan fiye da ƙwallon tushen
- Sararin samaniya tsakanin inci 18-24 a layuka 24-36 inci a tsakaninsu
- Sanya shuke-shuke a zurfin da suke girma a baya
- Yi ruwa sosai bayan dasawa domin ƙasa ta daidaita a kusa da tushen
- Shafa wani Layer na ciyawar halitta don adana danshi da kuma rage ciyayi
Shawara ga Ƙwararru: Ƙwallon kwakwa na buƙatar isasshen sarari don haɓaka manyan ganyensu. Kada ku yarda ku dasa su kusa da juna, domin cunkoson zai iya haifar da ƙananan shuke-shuke da kuma ƙaruwar matsalolin cututtuka.
Kulawa da Kulawa
Ban ruwa da kulawa mai kyau yana haifar da shuke-shuke masu kyau da lafiya
Ruwa
Danshi mai dorewa shine mabuɗin girma ganyen collard masu laushi da daɗi:
- A samar da inci 1-1.5 na ruwa a kowane mako idan ruwan sama bai isa ba
- Ban ruwa sosai ba akai-akai don ƙarfafa ci gaban tushen tushe mai zurfi
- A sha ruwa da safe domin ganye su bushe kafin yamma (yana rage haɗarin kamuwa da cuta)
- Yi amfani da bututun soaker ko kuma ruwan ban ruwa na drip don kiyaye ganyen ya bushe
- Duba danshi na ƙasa ta hanyar saka yatsanka inci 2 cikin ƙasa - idan ya bushe, lokaci yayi da za a ba da ruwa
Yin taki
Collard abinci ne mai yawa wanda ke amfana daga takin zamani akai-akai:
- A shafa taki mai dauke da sinadarin nitrogen makonni 3-4 bayan dasawa
- Riga ta gefe da takin zamani ko takin zamani mai daidaito a kowane mako 3-4
- Sanya taki a nesa da inci 4-6 daga tushen shuka don guje wa ƙonewa
- Ruwa sosai bayan an yi taki domin taimakawa sinadaran gina jiki su isa ga tushen
- Rawayawar ƙananan ganye sau da yawa yana nuna rashin nitrogen
Ciki
Layin ciyawa mai inci 2-3 yana ba da fa'idodi da yawa:
- Yana kiyaye danshin ƙasa
- Yana hana ci gaban ciyawa
- Yana daidaita zafin ƙasa
- Yana hana ƙasa ta fantsama a kan ganye yayin ruwan sama ko ban ruwa
- Yana ƙara kwayoyin halitta zuwa ƙasa yayin da yake rushewa
Gudanar da Kwari
Kwari da dama na iya shafar ganyen collard. Ga yadda ake sarrafa waɗanda suka fi yawa:
Kabeji Tsutsotsi
Waɗannan tsutsotsi masu kore za su iya cire furannin tsire-tsire cikin sauri.
- A danka hannu ka cire caterpillars
- Yi amfani da murfin layi don hana malam buɗe ido yin ƙwai
- Yi amfani da Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), wani sinadari mai sarrafa kwayoyin halitta
Aphids
Ƙananan kwari masu tsotsar ruwan 'ya'yan itace waɗanda ke taruwa a kan ganye.
- Fesa tsire-tsire masu ruwa mai ƙarfi
- Gabatar da kwari masu amfani kamar su ƙwari
- A shafa sabulun kashe kwari don magance manyan cututtuka
Rigakafin Cuta
Cututtukan da suka fi shafar collard sun haɗa da black rot, downy mildew, da kuma clubroot. Rigakafi shine mafi kyawun dabarar ku:
- Yi amfani da jujjuya amfanin gona - kar a dasa collard inda wasu brassica suka girma a cikin shekaru 3-4 da suka gabata
- Tabbatar da iska mai kyau tsakanin shuke-shuke
- Ruwa a gindin shuke-shuke, ajiye foliage bushe
- Cire da lalata kayan shuka marasa lafiya
- A kiyaye ingantaccen pH na ƙasa (6.0-6.8) don hana kamuwa da cutar ƙwanƙwasa
Girbi Koren Collard
Girbi ƙulla ta hanyar cire ƙananan ganyen farko, wanda zai ba shuka damar ci gaba da girma
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan fa'idodin noman collard shine tsawaita lokacin girbinsu. Shuka ɗaya ɗaya na iya samar da ganye na tsawon watanni, musamman a yanayi mai sauƙi. Ga yadda za ku ƙara yawan girbinku:
Lokacin girbi
- Fara girbi lokacin da ganyen suka kai tsawon inci 10
- Ganyen ƙanana (inci 6-8) sun fi laushi da ɗanɗano mai laushi
- Ganyayyaki masu girma suna da ɗanɗano mai ƙarfi da kuma laushi mai tauri
- Ganyayyaki suna da daɗi sosai bayan sun sha kan sanyi
- Girbi da safe idan ganyen suka yi laushi kuma suka cika da danshi
Yadda ake Girbi
Ana iya samun collard ta hanyoyi guda biyu:
Hanyar Yankewa da dawowa (An ba da shawarar)
- Fara da mafi ƙasƙanci, mafi m ganye
- Yi amfani da wuka ko almakashi mai kaifi don yanke ganyen da inci 1-2 sama da ƙasa
- A bar tsakiyar wurin girma ba tare da wata matsala ba
- Shukar za ta ci gaba da fitar da sabbin ganye daga tsakiya
- Girbi duk bayan sati 1-2 yayin da sabbin ganye ke tsirowa
Dukan Girbin Shuka
- A yanka dukkan shukar inci 2 sama da ƙasa
- Mafi kyau don lokacin da kuke buƙatar adadi mai yawa a lokaci guda
- A yanayi mai sauƙi, shukar na iya sake tsirowa daga kututturen
- Sabon ci gaba zai zama ƙarami amma har yanzu ana iya amfani da shi
- Yi amfani da wannan hanyar a ƙarshen kakar wasa
Gudanarwa Bayan Gibi
Kulawa mai kyau bayan girbi yana tabbatar da mafi kyawun inganci da ɗanɗano:
- Kurkura ganyen sosai a cikin ruwan sanyi domin cire ƙasa da kwari
- Don ƙura mai tauri, a jiƙa ganyen a cikin ruwan sanyi na tsawon minti 10-15
- Tafarnuwa ta bushe da tawul mai tsabta ko kuma a yi amfani da na'urar juyawa ta salati
- Cire kauri mai tushe a tsakiya idan ana so (musamman daga manyan ganye)
- Ajiye ganyen da ba a wanke ba a cikin jakar filastik mai ramuka a cikin firiji har zuwa kwanaki 5
- Don adanawa na tsawon lokaci, a bar ganyen su bushe sannan a daskare su har zuwa watanni 10-12.
Jin Daɗin Girbin Collard ɗinku
Ganyen collard da aka dafa da kyau suna da laushi, daɗi, kuma suna da gina jiki
Bayan duk wahalar da ka sha wajen noman collard, lokaci ya yi da za ka ji daɗinsu! Collard greens suna da amfani sosai a ɗakin girki:
Nasihu kan Shiri
- Ana iya amfani da ƙananan ganye masu laushi da ɗanye a cikin salati ko kuma a matsayin naɗewa
- Ganyayyaki masu girma suna amfana daga girki don su yi laushi
- Cire tushen tsakiya mai tauri daga manyan ganye kafin dafawa
- A yanka ko yage ganye zuwa guntu-guntu masu sauƙin sarrafawa
- A bar shi na tsawon minti 1-2 kafin a daskare yana kiyaye launi da abubuwan gina jiki
Hanyoyin Dafa Abinci
Ana iya shirya collard ta hanyoyi da yawa:
Salon Kudu
Hanyar gargajiya ta ƙunshi dafa abinci a hankali da nama mai hayaƙi, albasa, da vinegar har sai ya yi laushi sosai (awa 1-2). Wannan yana samar da abinci mai daɗi da taushi tare da ruwan inabi (ruwan girki) wanda yake da daɗi a jiƙa shi da masara.
Sauté Mai Sauri
Domin yin shiri cikin sauri, a soya yankakken collard da tafarnuwa da man zaitun na tsawon mintuna 5-7 har sai sun yi launin kore kuma sun yi laushi. A gama da ɗan vinegar ko ruwan lemun tsami don ƙara ɗanɗano.
Tururi
A dafa yankakken collard na tsawon mintuna 5-8 har sai sun yi laushi. Wannan hanyar tana adana sinadarai masu gina jiki fiye da tafasa kuma tana samar da ɗanɗano mai tsabta da sabo. A ƙara gishiri, barkono, da ɗan man zaitun.
Shawarar Ajiyewa: Ganyen collard da aka yi wa fenti sun daskare sosai. A raba su cikin jakunkunan daskarewa don sauƙin amfani a duk shekara idan babu sabbin collard a lambun ku.
Magance Matsalar gama gari
Ko da tare da kulawa mafi kyau, za ka iya fuskantar wasu ƙalubale yayin da kake noma collard. Ga hanyoyin magance matsalolin da aka saba fuskanta:
Me yasa ganyen collard dina ke yin rawaya?
Yellowing ganye na iya nuna al'amura da dama:
- Rashin sinadarin nitrogen: Rawaya yana farawa ne da tsofaffin ganye da ke ƙasa. A shafa takin zamani mai yawan sinadarin nitrogen.
- Ruwa da yawa: Tabbatar da cewa ƙasa tana magudanar ruwa sosai kuma a bar saman ya bushe tsakanin ban ruwa.
- Ruwa a ƙarƙashin ƙasa: A riƙa duba danshi a ƙasa akai-akai kuma a samar da ruwa mai tsafta.
- Cututtuka: Idan rawaya ta ƙunshi dige-dige masu duhu ko alamu marasa kyau, cutar fungal na iya kasancewa. Cire ganyen da abin ya shafa kuma inganta zagayawar iska.
Kwalabena suna tsiro da ganyen furanni. Me ke faruwa?
Ana kiran wannan "bolting" - lokacin da shukar ta canza daga samar da ganye zuwa fure da kuma samar da iri. Yana faruwa ne ta hanyar:
- Zafi: Zafin jiki sama da 80°F na iya haifar da bolting
- Kwanaki masu tsawo: Ƙara tsawon yini a ƙarshen bazara yana nuna wa shuke-shuke su yi fure
- Shekaru: Collard suna da shekaru biyu kuma suna fure a cikin shekara ta biyu.
Da zarar an fara bulging, ganyen za su yi ɗaci. A girbe sauran ganyen da za a iya amfani da su sannan a shuka sabon amfanin gona a kaka, ko kuma a bar tsire-tsire su yi fure don jawo hankalin kwari masu amfani da kuma tattara iri.
Menene waɗannan ramukan da ke cikin ganyen collard dina?
Kwari ne ke haifar da ramuka a cikin ganyen:
- Tsutsotsin kabeji: Nemi ƙananan tsutsotsi kore a ƙasan ganyen.
- Ƙwaro: Ƙwaro baƙi ƙanana waɗanda ke haifar da ƙananan lalacewar ramuka
- Slugs: Bar hanyoyin slime da abinci da dare
Hanyoyin da ake bi wajen shawo kan cutar sun haɗa da tsinken hannu, rufe layuka, magungunan kashe kwari na halitta kamar Bt ga tsutsotsi, da kuma ƙasa mai kama da ta ƙwari da tsutsotsi.
Kammalawa
Girbin collard mai nasara yana da lada kuma yana da gina jiki
Noman collard a cikin lambunka wata kyakkyawar gogewa ce mai kyau wadda ke samar da ganyayyaki masu gina jiki da amfani ga teburinka. Waɗannan tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi suna da gafara ga masu farawa amma suna gamsar da masu lambu masu ƙwarewa, suna ba da girbi mai tsawo ta hanyoyi da yawa. Ta hanyar bin ƙa'idodin da ke cikin wannan labarin, za ku kasance kan hanyarku ta jin daɗin gamsuwar noma ganyen collard ɗinku.
Ka tuna cewa collard yana ɗaya daga cikin kayan lambu mafi jure sanyi da za ka iya nomawa, sau da yawa yana samar da girbi har zuwa lokacin hunturu a yankuna da yawa. Ikonsu na jure sanyi ba wai kawai yana ƙara lokacin girma ba ne, har ma yana inganta ɗanɗanon su, wanda hakan ke sa su zama ƙari mai mahimmanci ga kowace lambun kayan lambu.
Ko kuna dafa su ne irin na Kudu, ko kuna ƙara su a cikin miya da miya, ko kuma kuna gwada sabbin shirye-shirye, collard da aka noma a gida yana ba da ɗanɗano da abinci mai gina jiki mafi kyau idan aka kwatanta da zaɓuɓɓukan da ake saya a shago. Bugu da ƙari, babu wani abu kamar gamsuwar girbin abincin dare daga bayan gida!
Karin Karatu
Idan kuna jin daɗin wannan sakon, kuna iya kuma son waɗannan shawarwari:
- Cikakken Jagora Don Shuka Farin Kabeji a Lambun Gidanku
- Cikakken Jagora Kan Noman Ayaba A Gida
- Jagora don Shuka Bok Choy a Lambun Ka