Umhlahlandlela Wokukhulisa Ama-Collard Engadini Yakho
Kushicilelwe: Februwari 5, 2026 12:46:26 UTC
Imifino eluhlaza ingomunye wemifino ezuzisa kakhulu ongayitshala engadini yakho yasekhaya. Lezi zitshalo ezinkulu ezinamahlamvu emhlabeni wemifino azigcini nje ngokugcwala izakhamzimba kodwa futhi kulula kakhulu ukuzitshala, ngisho nakubaqalayo.
A Guide to Growing Collards in Your Own Garden
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ufuna ukwengeza ukudla okunomsoco okutshalwe ekhaya ekudleni kwakho noma ufuna ukuzwa ukwaneliseka kokuvuna imifino yakho, lo mhlahlandlela uzokuqondisa kukho konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nokutshala ama-collard ngempumelelo.
Kuyini i-Collard Greens?
Ama-Collard (i-Brassica oleracea) angamalungu omndeni weklabishi, ahlobene kakhulu ne-kale, i-broccoli, kanye namahlumela aseBrussels. Ngokungafani neklabishi, ama-collard awakhi ikhanda - kunalokho, akhiqiza amaqabunga amakhulu, aluhlaza okotshani, ane-wax kancane akhula ngendlela evulekile ye-rosette. Lezi zitshalo ezibukeka njengezidala ziphakathi kwamalungu amadala omndeni weklabishi futhi ziye zatshalwa izinkulungwane zeminyaka.
Amandla Okudla Okunomsoco: Imifino eluhlaza inempilo emangalisayo, inikeza inani elihle kakhulu lamavithamini A, C, K, kanye namaminerali afana ne-calcium, insimbi, ne-magnesium. Icebile ngama-antioxidants kanye ne-fiber, okwenza kube yinto enhle kakhulu kunoma yikuphi ukudla.
Ama-collard athandwa kakhulu ekuphekeni kwaseNingizimu kodwa athola ukuthandwa kulo lonke izwe ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwawo kanye nezinzuzo zokudla okunempilo. Lezi zitshalo eziqinile zingamelana namazinga okushisa aphansi afinyelela ku-15°F, okwenza zibe ngomunye wemifino ebekezelela ukubanda kakhulu ongayitshala. Eqinisweni, abalimi abaningi bathola ukuthi ama-collard anambitheka kamnandi ngemva kokuqabulwa yiqhwa!
Izinhlobo ze-Collard Okufanele Uzicabangele
Kunezinhlobo eziningana ezinhle kakhulu ze-collard ezitholakala kubalimi basekhaya. Khetha ngokusekelwe esikhathini sakho sokulima kanye nezintandokazi zakho:
Iqhawe
Uhlobo oludumile lwe-hybrid olubekezelela ukubanda okuhle kakhulu kanye nokumelana ne-bolt. Lukhiqiza amaqabunga aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka amnyama futhi lulungele ukutshalwa kwentwasahlobo kanye nekwindla. Luvuthwa ezinsukwini ezingama-60-75.
I-Georgia Southern
Uhlobo olujwayelekile lwefa elidala olunamaqabunga amakhulu abushelelezi neziqu ezimhlophe. Lubekezelela ukushisa nokubanda kakhulu. Izitshalo zingafinyelela ukuphakama okumangalisayo okungafika kumamitha amathathu. Zivuthwa ezinsukwini ezingu-70-80.
I-Flash
I-hybrid ekwazi ukumelana nezifo kahle kakhulu futhi ikhula ngokushesha. Ikhiqiza amaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani afanayo, anomuncu kancane. Ilungele ukutshalwa entwasahlobo njengoba imelana kakhulu ne-bolt. Ivuthwa ezinsukwini ezingama-55-60.
Ama-Vates
Uhlobo oluyifa olunomkhuba wokukhula okuncane kanye nokuqina okuhle emakhazeni. Lukhiqiza amaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani, anamagagasi. Luhle kakhulu ezingadini ezincane. Luvuthwa ezinsukwini ezingu-75-80.
Iqembu Eliphezulu 2.0
I-hybrid enokukhula okuqondile namaqabunga athambile kancane. Ifana kahle kakhulu futhi ithela kakhulu. Imelana kahle nezifo kanye nokubekezelela ukushisa. Ivuthwa ezinsukwini ezingama-70.
Isihloko sikaMorris
Ifa elidala amakhanda axegayo afana neklabishi. Amaqabunga amakhulu, athambile anokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu. Abekezelela ukubanda okuhle. Avuthwa ezinsukwini ezingama-70-80.
Ukuhlela Nokulungiselela
Inhlabathi elungiselelwe kahle ibalulekile ekutshaleni imifino eluhlaza enempilo
Isikhathi Sokutshala Ama-Collards
Isikhathi sibalulekile lapho kutshalwa ama-collards. Le mifino yesizini epholile ikhula kahle kakhulu lapho amazinga okushisa ephakathi kuka-55°F no-75°F. Kuneziwindi ezimbili zokutshala ezifanele:
Ukutshala Kwentwasahlobo
- Qala imbewu endlini amasonto angu-6-8 ngaphambi kosuku lwakho lokugcina lwesithwathwa sasentwasahlobo
- Tshala izithombo ngaphandle amasonto angu-3-4 ngaphambi kweqhwa lokugcina
- Khetha izinhlobo ezimelana ne-bolt zokutshala entwasahlobo
- Vuna ngaphambi kokufika kokushisa kwehlobo
Ukutshala Kwasekwindla (Okuthandwayo)
- Imbewu eqondile noma ukufakelwa kabusha amasonto angu-6-8 ngaphambi kweqhwa lokuqala lasekwindla
- Izitshalo zizovuthwa ngesikhathi sezulu esipholile
- Iqhwa lithuthukisa ukunambitheka ngokuguqula izitashi zibe ushukela
- Inganikeza isivuno phakathi nobusika ezindaweni ezipholile
Ukukhetha Indawo Efanele
I-Collards ikhula kahle elangeni eligcwele kodwa ingabekezelela umthunzi ongaphelele, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezifudumele. Khetha indawo ethola okungenani amahora angu-4-5 okukhanya kwelanga okuqondile nsuku zonke. Qinisekisa ukuthi indawo inomoya omuhle ukuze unciphise izinkinga zezifo kodwa ivikelwe emimoyeni enamandla engalimaza amaqabunga amakhulu.
Ukulungiswa Kwenhlabathi
Ama-Collard ayizinto zokudla ezisindayo ezidinga inhlabathi evundile, ekhipha amanzi kahle ukuze kukhule amaqabunga amaningi:
- Hlola i-pH yenhlabathi yakho - ama-collard akhetha i-pH ene-acid encane kuya kwengathathi hlangothi ephakathi kuka-6.0 no-6.8
- Faka amasentimitha angu-2-3 omquba noma umquba obolile kahle enhlabathini engaphezulu kwamasentimitha angu-6
- Faka umanyolo we-organic olinganiselayo ngokwemiyalelo yephakheji
- Qinisekisa ukuthi inhlabathi ikhipha amanzi kahle - ama-collard awathandi izinyawo ezimanzi
- Susa noma yimaphi amatshe, izimpande, noma imfucumfucu engase iphazamise ukukhula
Ukutshala i-Collard Greens
Iqala kuMbewu
Imbewu ye-collard ihluma kahle kakhulu uma amazinga okushisa enhlabathi ephakathi kuka-45°F no-85°F. Nansi indlela yokuyiqala ngempumelelo:
Ukuqala Kwembewu Yangaphakathi (Kunconywa eNtwasahlobo)
- Gcwalisa amathreyi embewu ngengxube yokuqalisa imbewu
- Imbewu yezitshalo ijule ngo-¼ intshi, imbewu engu-2-3 ngeseli ngalinye
- Gcina inhlabathi imanzi njalo kodwa ingabi manzi
- Gcina izinga lokushisa liseduze no-70-75°F ukuze kuhlume kahle
- Uma izithombo sezikhule amaqabunga azo okuqala eqiniso, zincishiswe zibe yisitshalo esisodwa ngeseli ngalinye
- Lungisa izithombo ngokuzibeka kancane kancane ezimweni zangaphandle ezinsukwini ezingu-7-10
Ukuhlwanyela Okuqondile (Kungcono Kakhulu Ekutshalweni Kwasekwindla)
- Lungisa inhlabathi ngokuyikhulula ifinyelele ekujuleni kwamasentimitha angu-6-8
- Hlwanyela imbewu kusukela ku-¼ kuya ku-½ intshi ukujula
- Imbewu ehlukaniswe ngamasentimitha angu-3-4 emigqeni ehlukaniswe ngamasentimitha angu-18-24
- Gcina inhlabathi imanzi njalo kuze kube yilapho ihluma (ngokuvamile izinsuku ezingu-5-10)
- Uma izithombo sezifinyelele ku-4-5 amasentimitha ubude, ncipha kuze kube yilapho isikhala sokugcina siqhelelene ngamasentimitha angu-18-24
- Sebenzisa izithombo ezincishisiwe kumasaladi noma ekuphekeni - ziyadliwa kahle!
Ukutshala kabusha
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uqale imbewu endlini noma uthenge izithombo, indlela efanele yokutshala kabusha ibalulekile:
- Ukutshala kabusha ngosuku olunamafu noma kusihlwa ukuze kuncishiswe ukushaqeka kokufakelwa kabusha
- Bamba imigodi emikhulu kancane kunebhola lempande
- Izitshalo zasemkhathini eziqhelelene ngamasentimitha angu-18-24 emigqeni eqhelelene ngamasentimitha angu-24-36
- Beka izitshalo ekujuleni okufanayo ezazikhula ngakho ngaphambili
- Nisela kahle ngemva kokutshala ukuze umhlabathi uqine eduze kwezimpande
- Faka ungqimba lwe-mulch yemvelo ukuze wonge umswakama futhi ucindezele ukhula
Icebiso Elihle: Ama-Collard adinga isikhala esanele ukuze akhule amaqabunga awo amakhulu. Ungalingeki ukuwatshala eduze kakhulu, njengoba ukuminyana kungaholela ezitshalweni ezincane kanye nezinkinga zezifo ezandayo.
Ukunakekelwa Nokunakekelwa
Ukunisela nokunakekela kahle kuholela ezitshalweni eziluhlaza nezinempilo ze-collard
Ukunisela
Umswakama ohlala njalo uyisihluthulelo sokukhulisa imifino ethambile nemnandi ye-collard:
- Nikeza amasentimitha angu-1-1.5 amanzi ngesonto uma imvula inganeli
- Nisela ngokujulile kunokuba uvame ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwezimpande ezijulile
- Nisela ekuseni ukuze amaqabunga ome ngaphambi kokuhlwa (kunciphisa ingozi yezifo)
- Sebenzisa ipayipi lokucwilisa noma i-drip irrigation ukuze ugcine amaqabunga omile
- Hlola umswakama wenhlabathi ngokufaka umunwe wakho amasentimitha angu-2 enhlabathini - uma uzizwa womile, sekuyisikhathi sokunisela
Ukuvundisa
Ama-Collard ayizinto zokudla ezisindayo ezizuza ngomanyolo ojwayelekile:
- Faka umanyolo ocebile nge-nitrogen emavikini angu-3-4 ngemva kokutshala
- Faka indwangu eceleni ngomquba noma umanyolo wemvelo olinganiselayo njalo emavikini angu-3-4
- Beka umanyolo amasentimitha angu-4-6 ukusuka eziqwini zezitshalo ukuze ugweme ukusha
- Nisela kahle ngemva kokuvundisa ukuze usize izakhamzimba zifinyelele ezimpandeni
- Amaqabunga aphansi aphuzi ngokuvamile abonisa ukuntuleka kwe-nitrogen
Ukumboza ngezimbobo
Ingqimba ye-mulch yemvelo engamasentimitha angu-2-3 inikeza izinzuzo eziningi:
- Ilondoloza umswakama wenhlabathi
- Icindezela ukukhula kokhula
- Ilinganisa izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi
- Kuvimbela inhlabathi ukuthi ingachitheki emaqabungeni ngesikhathi semvula noma ukunisela
- Yengeza izinto eziphilayo emhlabathini lapho ubhidlika
Ukuphathwa Kwezinambuzane
Izinambuzane eziningana zingathinta i-collard greens. Nansi indlela yokuphatha ezivame kakhulu:
Izikelemu Zeklabishi
Lezi zibungu eziluhlaza zingasusa amaqabunga ngokushesha ezitshalweni.
- Handpick futhi ususe amacimbi
- Sebenzisa izembozo zemigqa ukuvimbela izimvemvane ukuthi zingabeki amaqanda
- Faka i-Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), isilawuli semvelo
Izintwala
Izinambuzane ezincane ezimunca uju ezihlangana emaqabungeni.
- Futha izitshalo ngomfudlana wamanzi onamandla
- Ngenisa izinambuzane ezizuzisayo njengezinambuzane zabesifazane
- Faka insipho yokubulala izinambuzane uma uhlaselwa kakhulu
Ukuvimbela Izifo
Izifo ezivame ukuthinta ama-collards zifaka phakathi ukubola okumnyama, i-downy mildew, kanye ne-clubroot. Ukuvimbela kuyindlela yakho engcono kakhulu:
- Zijwayeze ukushintshanisa izitshalo - ungatshali ama-collard lapho ezinye izitshalo ze-brassica zikhule khona eminyakeni engu-3-4 edlule
- Qinisekisa ukuthi umoya uhamba kahle phakathi kwezitshalo
- Nisela phansi kwezitshalo, ugcine amahlamvu omile
- Susa futhi ucekele phansi impahla yezitshalo ezigulayo
- Gcina i-pH efanele yenhlabathi (6.0-6.8) ukuze uvimbele izifo ze-clubroot
Ukuvuna Imifino Eluhlaza
Vuna ama-collard ngokususa amaqabunga aphansi kuqala, uvumele isitshalo siqhubeke nokukhula
Enye yezinzuzo ezinkulu zokutshala ama-collards isikhathi sawo sokuvuna eside. Ukutshala kanye kunganikeza amaqabunga izinyanga, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezipholile. Nansi indlela yokukhulisa isivuno sakho:
Isikhathi Sokuvuna
- Qala ukuvuna lapho amaqabunga esengamasentimitha angu-10 ubude
- Amaqabunga amancane (amasentimitha angu-6-8) athambile futhi anokunambitheka okuthambile
- Amaqabunga avuthiwe anokunambitheka okunamandla kanye nokuthungwa okuqinile
- Amaqabunga anambitheka kamnandi kakhulu ngemva kokuchayeka eqhweni
- Vuna ekuseni lapho amaqabunga eqine futhi egcwele umswakama
Indlela Yokuvuna
Ama-collards angavunwa ngezindlela ezimbili:
Indlela Yokusika Nokubuya Futhi (Kunconywa)
- Qala ngamaqabunga aphansi kakhulu, angaphandle kakhulu
- Sebenzisa ummese obukhali noma isikele ukusika amaqabunga ngamasentimitha angu-1-2 ngaphezu kwenhlabathi
- Shiya indawo ephakathi yokukhula ingashintshiwe
- Isitshalo sizoqhubeka nokukhiqiza amaqabunga amasha kusukela phakathi nendawo
- Vuna njalo emavikini angu-1-2 njengoba amaqabunga amasha ekhula
Ukuvunwa Kwezitshalo Sonke
- Sika sonke isitshalo ngamasentimitha angu-2 ngaphezu kwenhlabathi
- Kuhle kakhulu uma udinga inani elikhulu ngesikhathi esisodwa
- Ezimweni ezipholile, isitshalo singakhula kabusha kusuka esiqwini
- Ukukhula okusha kuzoba kuncane kodwa kusazosetshenziswa
- Sebenzisa le ndlela ekupheleni kwesizini
Ukuphatha Ngemva Kokuvuna
Ukuphathwa kahle ngemva kokuvuna kuqinisekisa ikhwalithi kanye nokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu:
- Hlanza amaqabunga kahle emanzini abandayo ukuze ususe inhlabathi nezinambuzane
- Uma ukungcola kuqinile, cwilisa amaqabunga esinkini samanzi abandayo imizuzu eyi-10-15
- Ama-pat amaqabunga omile ngethawula elihlanzekile noma sebenzisa i-salad spinner
- Susa iziqu eziphakathi ezijiyile uma uthanda (ikakhulukazi emaqabunga amakhulu)
- Gcina amaqabunga angagezwanga esikhwameni sepulasitiki esinezimbobo esiqandisini kuze kube yizinsuku ezi-5
- Ukuze ugcine isikhathi eside, faka amaqabunga e-blanch bese uwaqandisa kuze kube yizinyanga eziyi-10-12
Ukujabulela Ukuvuna Kwakho Kwe-Collard
Imifino ye-collard ephekwe kahle ithambile, inambitheka futhi inomsoco
Ngemva komsebenzi wakho onzima wokutshala ama-collard, sekuyisikhathi sokuwajabulela! Ama-collard greens asebenziseka kalula ekhishini:
Amathiphu Okulungiselela
- Amaqabunga amancane, athambile angasetshenziswa eluhlaza kumasaladi noma njenge-wraps
- Amaqabunga avuthiwe ayazuza ekuphekeni ukuze athambe
- Susa isiqu esiqinile esiphakathi emaqabunga amakhulu ngaphambi kokupheka
- Sika noma udabule amaqabunga abe yizicucu ezisebenzisekayo
- Ukuzilungisa imizuzu eyi-1-2 ngaphambi kokuba ziqandiswe kulondoloza umbala kanye nezakhamzimba
Izindlela Zokupheka
Ama-collards angalungiswa ngezindlela eziningi:
Isitayela saseNingizimu
Indlela yakudala ihilela ukupheka kancane ama-collard anenyama ebhemayo, u-anyanisi, kanye noviniga kuze kube yilapho kuthambile kakhulu (ihora eli-1-2). Lokhu kudala isidlo esimnandi nesithambile esinotshwala obusebhodweni (uketshezi lokupheka) olumnandi olufakwe isinkwa sommbila.
I-Sauté Esheshayo
Ukuze ulungiselele ngokushesha, faka ama-collard aqoshiwe negalikhi namafutha omnqumo imizuzu emi-5-7 kuze kube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi kuthambile. Qedela ngeviniga noma ijusi likalamula ukuze ukhanyise ukunambitheka.
Ukushisa ngomusi
Pheka ama-collard aqoshiwe nge-steam imizuzu emi-5-8 kuze kube yilapho ethambile futhi eqine. Le ndlela igcina izakhamzimba eziningi kunokubilisa futhi idala ukunambitheka okuhlanzekile nokusha. Faka usawoti, upelepele, kanye namafutha omnqumo amancane.
Icebiso Lokugcina: Imifino eluhlaza ye-collard iqandisiwe kahle kakhulu. Yibeke ezikhwameni zefriji ukuze kube lula ukuyisebenzisa unyaka wonke uma imifino emisha ingatholakali engadini yakho.
Ukuxazulula Izinkinga Ezivamile
Ngisho noma unakekelwa kahle kakhulu, ungase ubhekane nezinselele ezithile lapho ukhulisa ama-collard. Nazi izixazululo zezinkinga ezivamile:
Kungani amaqabunga ami e-collard ephenduka abe phuzi?
Amaqabunga aphuzi angabonisa izinkinga eziningana:
- Ukuntuleka kwe-nitrogen: Ukuphuzi kuqala ngamaqabunga amadala, aphansi. Faka umanyolo ocebile nge-nitrogen.
- Ukunisela ngokweqile: Qinisekisa ukuthi inhlabathi ikhipha amanzi kahle futhi uvumele i-intshi ephezulu yome phakathi kokunisela.
- Ukunisela Ngaphansi: Hlola umswakama wenhlabathi njalo bese unikeza amanzi alinganayo.
- Isifo: Uma ukuphuzi kuhlanganisa amabala amnyama noma amaphethini angavamile, kungase kube nesifo sesikhunta. Susa amaqabunga athintekile futhi uthuthukise ukujikeleza komoya.
Amakhola ami akhula iziqu zezimbali. Kwenzekani?
Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "ukubhoboza" - lapho isitshalo sishintsha ekukhiqizeni amaqabunga siye ekukhiqizeni izimbali kanye nembewu. Kubangelwa yilokhu:
- Ukushisa: Amazinga okushisa angaphezu kuka-80°F angabangela ukugoba
- Izinsuku ezinde: Ukwanda kobude bosuku ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo kukhombisa ukuthi izitshalo ziyaqhakaza
- Ubudala: Izimbali ze-Collards zikhula iminyaka emibili futhi ziqhakaza ngokwemvelo ngonyaka wazo wesibili.
Uma kuqala ukubola, amaqabunga aba muncu. Vuna amaqabunga asele angasetshenziswa bese utshala isivuno esisha ekwindla, noma uvumele izitshalo ziqhakaze ukuze zidonse izinambuzane eziwusizo futhi ziqoqe imbewu.
Ziyini lezi zimbobo ezisemaqabungeni ami e-collard?
Imigodi emaqabunga ivame ukubangelwa izinambuzane eziyingozi:
- Izibungu zeklabishi: Bheka izibungu ezincane eziluhlaza ngaphansi kwamaqabunga
- Izintuthwane: Izintuthwane ezincane ezimnyama ezidala umonakalo omncane emgodini wokudutshulwa
- Izimbotshana: Shiya imizila ye-slime bese uzidla ebusuku
Izindlela zokulawula zifaka phakathi ukukha ngesandla, ukumboza imigqa, izibulala-zinambuzane eziphilayo njenge-Bt yezibungu, kanye nomhlaba we-diatomaceous wezimbungulu nezimpungushe.
Isiphetho
Ukuvunwa kwe-collard okuphumelelayo kuyavuza futhi kuyanomsoco
Ukutshala ama-collard engadini yakho kuyinto evuzayo enikeza imifino enempilo neguquguqukayo etafuleni lakho. Lezi zitshalo eziqinile ziyabathethelela abaqalayo kodwa ziyanelisa abalimi abanolwazi, zinikeza isivuno eside ngezikhathi eziningi. Ngokulandela iziqondiso ezikulesi sihloko, uzobe usendleleni eya ekujabuleleni ukwaneliseka kokutshala imifino yakho ye-collard.
Khumbula ukuthi ama-collards angomunye wemifino ebekezelela ukubanda kakhulu ongayitshala, evame ukuhlinzeka ngesivuno kuze kube sebusika ezindaweni eziningi. Amandla awo okubekezelela iqhwa awagcini nje ngokwandisa isikhathi sakho sokukhula kodwa empeleni athuthukisa ukunambitheka kwawo, okwenza abe yinto ebalulekile kunoma iyiphi ingadi yemifino.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uzipheka ngendlela yaseNingizimu, uzifaka ezisobho nasezitshulwini, noma uzama amalungiselelo amasha, ama-collard akhule ekhaya anikeza ukunambitheka okuphakeme kanye nokudla okunomsoco uma kuqhathaniswa nezinketho ezithengwa esitolo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akukho okufana nokwaneliseka kokuvuna isidlo sakusihlwa egcekeni lakho!
Ukufunda Okuqhubekayo
Uma ukujabulele lokhu okuthunyelwe, ungaphinda uthande lezi ziphakamiso:
- Indlela Yokukhulisa I-Arugula: Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Wabalimi Basemakhaya
- Ukukhulisa Amajikijolo Amnyama: Umhlahlandlela Wabalimi Basekhaya
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