Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Wokukhulisa Amagilebhisi Engadini Yakho Yasekhaya

Amagilebhisi aluhlaza okotshani, abomvu, nansomi ahlelwe ngamabhasikidi e-wicker etafuleni lokhuni lasemaphandleni elinamahlamvu amagilebhisi kanye nokukhanya kwelanga kwemvelo. Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Ngokunakekelwa okufanele nokunakwa, lezi zitshalo eziguquguqukayo zingakhiqiza amakhilogremu angu-15-30 ezithelo ngomvini ngamunye minyaka yonke futhi zichume iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40. Lo mhlahlandlela ophelele uzokuqondisa kukho konke okudingeka ukwazi ukuze ukhule amagilebhisi ngempumelelo egcekeni lakho, kusukela ekukhetheni izinhlobo ezifanele kuya ekuvuneni isivuno sakho sokuqala esimnandi.

Ukukhetha Izinhlobo Ezifanele Zamagilebhisi

Ukukhetha izinhlobo zamagilebhisi ezifanele isimo sezulu sakho kanye nokusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe kuyisinyathelo sokuqala esibalulekile sempumelelo. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zamagilebhisi okufanele uzicabangele, ngayinye inezici ezahlukene kanye nezidingo zokukhula.

Izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zamagilebhisi: ama-American (kwesobunxele), ama-European (phakathi), kanye nama-hybrid ama-French-American (kwesokudla)

Amagilebhisi aseMelika (Vitis labrusca)

Izinhlobo zaseMelika ziyizinketho eziqine kakhulu ekubandeni futhi ezingamelani nezifo, okwenza zibe zilungele abaqalayo nabalimi ezindaweni ezibandayo (izindawo ze-USDA 4-7). Lawa magilebhisi ngokuvamile anokunambitheka okuhlukile "kwe-foxy" futhi alungele kakhulu ujusi, ijeli, kanye nokudla okusha.

• I-Concord: Igilebhisi eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka elimnyama elinokunambitheka okujwayelekile kwejusi yamagilebhisi
• I-Niagara: Igilebhisi elimhlophe elinokunambitheka okumnandi, okunezithelo
• I-Catawba: Igilebhisi elibomvu elifanele ukusetshenziswa kwewayini, ijusi, noma etafuleni
• I-Bluebell: Amajikijolo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka anokuqina okuhle kakhulu ebusika (kuya endaweni yesi-3)

Amagilebhisi aseYurophu (i-Vitis vinifera)

Izinhlobo zaseYurophu zivame ukusetshenziswa ekwenzeni iwayini futhi zithanda isimo sezulu esifudumele nesomile saseMedithera (izindawo 7-10). Zidinga ukunakwa okwengeziwe ekuvimbeleni izifo kodwa zinikeza amaphrofayili okunambitheka okuhle kakhulu.

• I-Cabernet Sauvignon: Iwayini elibomvu elijwayelekile
• I-Chardonnay: Iwayini elimhlophe elidumile
• I-Flame Seedless: Igilebhisi elibomvu letafula elinokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu
• I-Thompson Seedless: Amagilebhisi aluhlaza etafuleni, asetshenziselwa namagilebhisi omisiwe

Ama-hybrid aseFrance naseMelika

Lezi zinhlobo ezixubile zaseYurophu naseMelika zinikeza ukumelana okuthuthukisiwe kwezifo ngenkathi zigcina ukunambitheka okuhle. Ziyindawo enhle kakhulu yabalimi abaningi basekhaya.

• I-Chambourcin: Igilebhisi eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka elimnyama lewayini elibomvu
• I-Seyval Blanc: Iwayini elimhlophe eliqinile futhi eliqinile
• I-Marquette: Iwayini elibomvu eliqinile elibandayo (kuya endaweni yesi-3)
• I-Traminette: Iwayini elimhlophe elimnandi nelimnandi

Amagilebhisi Etafula Angenambewu

Ukuze udle okusha, cabanga ngalezi zinhlobo ezidumile ezingenambewu ezisebenza kahle engadini yasekhaya:

• I-Mars: Eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ayinambewu enokunambitheka okufana nokwe-Concord, futhi ayizweli izifo
• Ukuthembela: Okubomvu okungenambewu okunokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu, okuqina okubandayo
• I-Neptune: Imhlophe ayinambewu futhi inokunambitheka okufana nezithelo
• I-Jupiter: Ayinambewu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nobomvu futhi inokunambitheka kwe-muscat

Izigaxa ezintathu zamagilebhisi ezibhalwe ukuthi zaseMelika, ezaseYurophu, kanye nezaseHybrid, zibekwe okhunini lwasemaphandleni Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Ukukhethwa Kwendawo Nokulungiselela

Amagilebhisi adinga izimo ezithile zokukhula ukuze achume. Ukuzinika isikhathi sokukhetha nokulungisa indawo efanele kuzobeka isisekelo seminyaka yokuvuna okuphumelelayo.

Izidingo Ezibalulekile Zesiza

Ukukhanya kwelanga

Amagilebhisi adinga ukukhanya kwelanga okugcwele—okungenani amahora angu-7-8 okukhanya kwelanga okuqondile nsuku zonke. Ukukhanya kwelanga kubalulekile ekuvuthweni kwezithelo kanye nokukhula koshukela. Ukukhanya okuvela eMpumalanga noma eningizimu kuhle kakhulu ezindaweni eziningi.

Uhlobo Lomhlabathi

Amagilebhisi athanda inhlabathi ekhipha amanzi kahle, evundile kahle ene-pH ephakathi kuka-5.5 no-6.5. Angakhula ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zenhlabathi kusukela ku-sandy loam kuya ku-clay loam, kodwa ukudonsa amanzi kubalulekile. Gwema izindawo ezinamanzi lapho izimpande zingase zibole khona.

Ukugeleza Komoya

Ukuhamba kahle komoya kusiza ukuvimbela izifo zesikhunta. Ukuthambeka okuthambile kungahlinzeka kokubili ukugeleza kwamanzi kanye nokugeleza komoya. Gwema izindawo ezibandayo (izindawo eziphansi lapho umoya obandayo uhlala khona).

Izidingo Zesikhala

Isivini ngasinye sidinga isikhala esingamamitha angu-6-8 ngokulandelana, kanye nemigqa ehlukaniswe ngamamitha angu-8-10. Kuma-arbor noma ama-pergola, izivini zingahlukaniswa zibe seduze ngamamitha angu-4-6.

Izinyathelo Zokulungisa Umhlabathi

1. Ukuhlolwa Kwenhlabathi: Yenza ukuhlolwa kwenhlabathi ngehhovisi lakho lendawo lokwandisa ukuze uthole amazinga e-pH kanye nezakhamzimba.
2. Ukususwa Kokhula: Susa lonke ukhula oluhlala isikhathi eside, ikakhulukazi utshani obufana notshani iBermuda, ngaphambi kokutshala.
3. Ukuguqulwa Kwenhlabathi: Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa kwenhlabathi, faka noma yiliphi i-lime elidingekayo (ukuphakamisa i-pH) noma i-sulfur (ukwehlisa i-pH). Faka umquba ukuze uthuthukise isakhiwo senhlabathi.
4. Ukuthuthukiswa Kokugeleza Kwamanzi: Uma ukugeleza kwamanzi kungalungile, cabanga ngokwakha imibhede ephakeme noma ukufaka amathayili okugeleza amanzi.
5. Ukufakwa Kwe-Trellis: Setha uhlelo lwakho lwe-trellis ngaphambi kokutshala ukuze ugweme ukuphazamisa izimpande kamuva.

Icebiso: Ukuze amagilebhisi akhule kahle, lungisa indawo yakho ekwindla ngaphambi kokutshala entwasahlobo. Lokhu kunikeza ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi isikhathi sokuhlangana futhi kukuvumela ukuthi ubhekane nanoma yiziphi izinkinga zokudonsa amanzi ngaphambi kokutshala.

Isithombe sendawo yesivini esikhanyiswe yilanga esinezivini zamagilebhisi ezinempilo nesibhakabhaka esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Ukutshala Izivini Zakho Zegilebhisi

Amasu okutshala afanele asungula isisekelo semivini enempilo nekhiqizayo. Ezifundeni eziningi, ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo yisikhathi esifanele sokutshala imivini yamagilebhisi, ngemva kokuba usongo lwesithwathwa esinzima seludlulile kodwa ngaphambi kokuba kufike isimo sezulu esishisayo.

Indlela efanele yokutshala iqinisekisa ukuthi izivini zakho ziqala kahle

Izinyathelo Zokutshala

1. Lungisa Izihlahla Zomvini: Uma unezimpande ezingenalutho, cwilisa izimpande emanzini amahora ama-2-3 ngaphambi kokutshala. Uma unezihlahla ezifakwe ebhodweni, thela kahle ngaphambi kokukhipha esitsheni.
2. Bamba Umgodi: Dala umgodi ongaba amasentimitha angu-12 ukujula kanye namasentimitha angu-12 ububanzi. Umgodi kufanele ube mkhulu ngokwanele ukwamukela uhlelo lwezimpande ngaphandle kokugoba noma ukuminyana.
3. Beka Umvini: Beka umvini emgodini onehlumela eliphansi kakhulu emhlangeni elingamasentimitha angu-2-3 ngaphezu komhlabathi. Ngemivini ehlanganisiwe, qiniseka ukuthi i-graft union ingamasentimitha angu-4-6 ngaphezu komugqa wenhlabathi.
4. Sakaza Izimpande: Fafaza izimpande emgodini kunokuba uzivumele zizungeze noma ziqoqe.
5. Ukugcwalisa: Gcwalisa umgodi ngenhlabathi, uyiqinise kancane eduze kwezimpande ukuze ususe amaphakethe omoya. Nisela kahle ngemva kokutshala.
6. Ukuthena: Nquma umvini osanda kutshalwa ube amahlumela amabili aqinile ukuze ukhuthaze ukukhula kwezimpande okunamandla.

Isithombe sokutshala amagilebhisi isinyathelo ngesinyathelo esibonisa ukujula okufanele kanye nesikhala phakathi kwezithombo Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Imihlahlandlela Yezikhala

Ukunakekelwa Konyaka Wokuqala: Ngesikhathi sokuqala sokukhula, gxila ekusunguleni uhlelo lwezimpande oluqinile. Susa wonke amaqoqo ezimbali akhula ukuze aqondise amandla ekukhuleni kwezitshalo. Gcina indawo ezungeze imivini emincane ingenakhula futhi unikeze umswakama oqhubekayo.

I-Trellising kanye Nezinhlelo Zokusekela

Izihlahla zamagilebhisi zidinga ukwesekwa okuqinile ukuze zikhule kahle futhi zikhiqize izithelo zekhwalithi. Uhlelo lwe-trellis oluklanywe kahle luthuthukisa ukujikeleza komoya, lwandisa ukuchayeka elangeni, lwenza ukunakekelwa kube lula, futhi lusiza ekuvimbeleni izifo.

Izinhlelo ezivamile zokubopha amagilebhisi: i-cordon enentambo ephezulu (kwesobunxele), indawo yokutshala amahlumela eqondile (phakathi), kanye ne-arbor yokuhlobisa (kwesokudla)

Izinhlelo Ezithandwayo Ze-Trellis

Intambo Ephakeme Yentambo

Lolu hlelo olulula lunentambo eyodwa engamafidi angu-5-6 ngaphezu komhlabathi. Isiqu somvini sifinyelela entambo, kanye nama-cordon (izingalo) aqeqeshwe eduze kwaso. Amahlumela alenga phansi, adala ikhethini lezitshalo. Ilungele izinhlobo zaseMelika ezinamandla kanye nezinhlobo eziningi ezixubile.

Indawo Yokuthwebula Eqondile (VSP)

Isebenzisa izintambo eziningi ezivundlile (ngokuvamile ezi-3-4) kanye namahlumela aqeqeshwe phezulu. Lolu hlelo luhlinzeka ngokukhanya kwelanga okuhle kakhulu kanye nokugeleza komoya. Kungcono kakhulu ezinhlotsheni ezinganamandla kakhulu, ikakhulukazi amagilebhisi ewayini aseYurophu.

Ama-Arbor nama-Pergola

Izinketho zokuhlobisa ezihlanganisa inani lokuhlobisa nokukhiqizwa kwezithelo. Nakuba zingasebenzi kahle ekuvuneni okuphezulu, zakha izici zezwe ezikhangayo nezindawo ezinemibala emihle.

Imigqa yesivini ehambisanayo ekhombisa i-cordon yocingo oluphezulu kanye nezinhlelo ze-trellis zamagilebhisi ezibekwe endaweni eqondile ngaphansi kwesibhakabhaka esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esicwebezelayo Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Ukwakha i-Trellis Eyisisekelo

1. Izinto Ezidingekayo: Izinsika zokhuni ezilungisiwe (ububanzi obungu-4-6 amayintshi), ucingo oluhlanganisiwe olune-gauge engu-12, izixhumi zokucindezela ucingo, kanye nezisekelo.
2. Izigxobo Zokugcina: Faka izigxobo ezingamafidi angu-8 ubude obungamafidi amabili emhlabathini ekugcineni komugqa wakho. Lezi kumele ziqine futhi ziboshwe kahle njengoba zithwala iningi lokucindezeleka.
3. Izigxobo Zomugqa: Beka izigxobo ezingamafidi angu-7 njalo ngamafidi angu-20-24 emgqeni, zibeke ngamafidi angu-1.5-2 ukujula.
4. Ukufakwa Kwezintambo: Ukuze uthole uhlelo lwentambo olunezintambo eziphakeme, faka intambo eyodwa enokuphakama okungamamitha angu-5-6. Ukuze uthole i-VSP, faka izintambo cishe ngamasentimitha angu-24, 36, 48, kanye namasentimitha angu-60 ukusuka phansi.
5. Ukusekela: Faka izinsika zokugcina ngezisekeli ezigobile noma izintambo zokubopha ukuze uvimbele ukuthambekela ngaphansi kwesisindo semivini evuthiwe.

Ukunisela, Ukufaka Umanyolo, kanye Nokunakekelwa Okuqhubekayo

Imikhuba efanele yokunakekela ibalulekile ekukhiqizeni izithelo ezinempilo kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezithelo ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Amagilebhisi adinga ukunakekelwa njalo phakathi nenkathi yokukhula, kanti izidingo ezithile ziyashintsha njengoba izitshalo zivuthwa.

Imikhuba efanele yokunisela nokufaka umanyolo ibalulekile empilweni nasekukhiqizeni kwevini yamagilebhisi

Imihlahlandlela yokunisela

Izidingo zokunisela amagilebhisi ziyashintsha phakathi nenkathi yokukhula kanye njengoba imivini ivuthwa:

• Izihlahla Ezincane (unyaka ongu-1-2): Nisela ngokujulile kanye ngesonto, unikeze cishe amalitha angu-1-2 ngesivini ngasinye. Qinisekisa ukuthi inhlabathi inomswakama kodwa ayigcwele amanzi.
• Imivini Ezinzile: Nisela kancane kodwa ujule kakhulu. Vumela inhlabathi ukuthi yome phakathi kokunisela ukuze kukhuthazwe ukukhula kwezimpande ezijulile.
• Ukuqhakaza Kuze Kube Sesithelo: Umswakama ohlala njalo ubalulekile phakathi nalesi sikhathi esibucayi.
• Ukukhula Kwezithelo: Nciphisa ukuchelela kancane ngemva kokuba izithelo zibekwe ukuze ulawule usayizi wamajikijolo.
• Isikhathi Sokuvuthwa: Nciphisa ukuchelela njengoba kusondela ukuvuna ukuze kugxilwe ukunambitheka esithelweni.

Icebiso Lokunisela: Ukunisela ngamaconsi kulungele amagilebhisi njengoba kuletha amanzi ngqo endaweni yezimpande ngenkathi kugcina amaqabunga omile, okusiza ukuvimbela izifo zesikhunta.

Uhlelo Lokuvundisa

Amagilebhisi awawona ondla kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezitshalo eziningi zasensimini. Ukuvundisa ngokweqile kungaholela ekukhuleni kwezitshalo ngokweqile ngezindleko zokukhiqizwa kwezithelo.

• Unyaka Wokuqala: Faka ama-ounces amabili kamanyolo we-10-10-10 cishe ezinsukwini ezingu-7-10 ngemva kokutshala.
• Unyaka Wesibili: Faka ama-ounces angu-4 kamanyolo we-10-10-10 ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ukukhula.
• Unyaka Wesithathu Nangemuva: Faka ama-ounces angu-8 kamanyolo ongu-10-10-10 ngesivini ngasinye ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
• Ukusetshenziswa komquba: Faka ungqimba lomquba nxazonke zemivini ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ukuze uthuthukise isakhiwo somhlabathi futhi unikeze izakhamzimba ezikhipha kancane kancane.

Ukulawula Ukhula

Ukugcina indawo ezungeze imivini yamagilebhisi ingenalo ukhula kubalulekile, ikakhulukazi emivinini emincane ebhekene nokuncintisana ngamanzi nezakhamzimba.

• Gcina indawo engenakhula okungenani ngamamitha amabili ukusuka esiqwini kuzo zonke izinhlangothi.
• Ukutshala okungajulile kusebenza kahle ekulawuleni ukhula kodwa gwema ukuphazamisa inhlabathi ejulile ngaphezu kwamasentimitha angu-2-3 ukuvimbela ukulimala kwezimpande.
• Umanyolo we-organic njengotshani noma izingcezu zokhuni ungasiza ekucindezeleni ukhula ngenkathi ulondoloza umswakama wenhlabathi.
• Gwema ukusebenzisa imithi yokubulala ukhula etshanini eduze kwemivini yamagilebhisi, njengoba isheshe ithinteke kakhulu yimikhiqizo equkethe i-2,4-D kanye ne-dicamba.

Umlimi unisela izivini zamagilebhisi futhi efaka umanyolo ohlanganisiwe phansi kwezivini ezinempilo esivinini esikhanyiswe yilanga. Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Izindlela Zokuthena Ukuze Kukhule Kahle

Ukuthena mhlawumbe kuyikhono elibaluleke kakhulu ekutshaleni amagilebhisi. Ukuthena kahle kulinganisela ukukhula kwezitshalo nokukhiqizwa kwezithelo, kuthuthukisa ukujikeleza komoya, futhi kugcina impilo yamagilebhisi. Iningi labalimi basekhaya liyamangala ukuthi amagilebhisi kumele athanjiswe ngamandla kangakanani—ukususa ama-80-90% okukhula konyaka odlule kuyinto evamile.

Ukuthena kahle kuguqula umvini okhule kakhulu (kwesobunxele) ube isitshalo esakhiwe kahle nesikhiqizayo (kwesokudla)

Nini Ukuthena

Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokuthena amagilebhisi kusesikhathini sokuphumula, ngemva kokuba ingozi yokubanda okukhulu isidlulile kodwa ngaphambi kokuba amahlumela aqale ukuvuvukala. Ezindaweni eziningi, lokhu kusho ukuphela kukaFebhuwari kuya ekuqaleni kukaMashi. Gwema ukuthena ngesikhathi sezulu esibandayo lapho amagilebhisi ephuka futhi esengozini yokulimala.

Ukuqonda Ukukhula Kwamagilebhisi

Ukuze uchebe kahle, udinga ukuqonda ukuthi amagilebhisi akhula futhi akhiqize kanjani izithelo:

• Amagilebhisi athela izithelo ezitshalweni ezintsha ezivela okhunini olunonyaka owodwa ubudala.
• Izinkuni ezindala (ezineminyaka emibili noma ngaphezulu) ngeke zikhiqize izithelo ngqo.
• Ihlumela ngalinye elisesihlahleni sonyaka owodwa linamandla okukhiqiza amaqoqo amagilebhisi angu-1-3.
• Ngaphandle kokuthena, imivini ikhiqiza amahlumela amaningi kakhulu, okuholela ekutheni kube nezithelo ezincane nezisezingeni eliphansi.

Ukuthena Ngonyaka

Unyaka Wokuqala

Umgomo wonyaka wokuqala ukusungula uhlelo lwezimpande oluqinile kanye nesiqu esiqondile:

• Ngesikhathi sokutshala, nquma umvini ube yizicucu ezimbili eziqinile.
• Njengoba kuqala ukukhula, khetha ihlumela eliqine kakhulu bese ususa zonke ezinye.
• Qeqesha lesi sithombo siqonde phezulu ukuze sakhe isiqu, usibophe esigxotsheni noma ocingweni lwe-trellis.
• Susa noma yiziphi iziqoqo zezimbali ezakhayo ukuze ziqondise amandla ekukhuleni kwezitshalo.

Unyaka Wesibili

Manje uzosungula isakhiwo esihlala njalo somvini:

• Uma umvini ufike ocingweni oluphezulu, thena ukuze ushiye umoba owodwa onezihlumela ezingu-8-10.
• Uma usebenzisa uhlelo lwe-cordon oluhlanganisa izinhlangothi ezimbili, khetha izinduku ezimbili ukuze zinwebe ngezindlela eziphambene eceleni kwentambo.
• Susa zonke ezinye izitshalo ezikhulayo.
• Qhubeka nokususa iningi noma wonke amaqoqo ezimbali ukuze uqinise umvini.

Unyaka Wesithathu Nangaphezulu

Manje uzogxila ekugcineni isakhiwo esimisiwe kanye nokuphatha ukukhiqizwa kwezithelo:

• Thola izindondolo ezinonyaka owodwa ubudala (ukhuni olubomvu-nsundu, olunobubanzi bepensela).
• Ngomoba ngamunye ofuna ukuwugcina, nciphisa ube amahlumela angu-3-4 ukuze udale "ama-spurs".
• Isikhala sihamba ngokulinganayo eceleni kwama-cordon, cishe amasentimitha angu-6-8 ukusuka komunye nomunye.
• Susa zonke ezinye izitshalo ezikhulayo, okuhlanganisa ukhuni oludala, olujiyile kanye nezinduku ezibuthakathaka nezigobile.
• Kuma-vine avuthiwe, shiya cishe amahlumela angu-50-80 esewonke, kuye ngokuthi aqine kangakanani ama-vine.

Okubalulekile: Ungesabi ukuthena ngamandla. Ukuthena okunganele yiphutha elivamile eliholela ekhwalithini yezithelo engeyinhle kanye nokuminyana kwemivini. Khumbula, uzosusa u-80-90% wokukhula konyaka odlule njalo ebusika.

Isithombe sesivini esiseceleni sibonisa isivini samagilebhisi esikhule kakhulu ngaphambi kokusithena kanye nesivini samagilebhisi esisikwe kahle ngemuva kokusebenzisa indlela efanele yokusithena. Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Ukulawula Izinambuzane Nezifo

Amagilebhisi angaba sengozini yezinambuzane nezifo ezahlukahlukene, kodwa ngezinyathelo zokuvimbela ezifanele kanye nokungenelela kusenesikhathi, izinkinga eziningi zingaphathwa ngempumelelo, ikakhulukazi ezingadini zasekhaya.

Izinkinga ezivamile zamagilebhisi: isikhunta esimpunga, ukubola okumnyama, izimbungulu zaseJapan, kanye nokulimala kwezinyoni

Izifo Ezivamile

I-Powdery Mildew

Izimpawu: Umbala omhlophe ofana nempuphu emaqabunga, amahlumela, kanye nezithelo.

Ukuvimbela: Ukujikeleza kahle komoya, ukuthena kahle, nokukhetha izinhlobo ezimelana nezifo.

Ukwelashwa: Ama-fungicide asekelwe kwi-sulfur, i-potassium bicarbonate, noma ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha e-neem.

I-Downy Mildew

Izimpawu: Amabala aphuzi ebusweni bamaqabunga angaphezulu anokukhula okumhlophe, okufana nokuphansi ngaphansi.

Ukuvimbela: Ukuhlukaniswa okufanele, ukucheba ukuze kungene umoya, kanye nokugwema ukuchelela ngaphezulu.

Ukwelashwa: Izikhunta ezisekelwe kuthusi noma ezinye izindlela zemvelo njengensipho yethusi.

Ukubola Okumnyama

Izimpawu: Izilonda ezinsundu eziyindilinga emaqabunga kanye nezithelo ezimnyama, ezishwabene.

Ukuvimbela: Susa izinto ezithelelekile, qinisekisa ukuthi umoya uhamba kahle.

Ukwelashwa: Ama-fungicides aqukethe i-myclobutanil noma i-captan.

I-anthracnose

Izimpawu: Amabala amancane amnyama emaqabunga, amahlumela, kanye namajikijolo akhula abe yizindawo ezimpunga.

Ukuvimbela: Ukuhlanzeka okuhle, ukuthena kahle, kanye nezinhlobo ezimelana nokhula.

Ukwelashwa: Isibabule se-lime ngesikhathi sokulala, kulandelwe ukusetshenziswa njalo kwe-fungicide.

Izinambuzane Ezivamile

Amabhungane aseJapane

Izimpawu: Amaqabunga anamathambo asele imithambo yegazi kuphela.

Ukulawula: Ukukha ngesandla emanzini anensipho, izimbozo zemigqa, noma izibulala-zinambuzane eziphilayo ezifana namafutha e-neem.

Ama-Grape Berry Moths

Izimpawu: Ukuqhekeka kwewebhu ngamaqoqo kanye namajikijolo alimele anezimbobo zokungena.

Ukulawula: Izicupho ze-Pheromone, i-Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), noma ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ngesikhathi esifanele.

Izinkumbi zamaqabunga

Izimpawu: Amaqabunga aqinile, acwebezelayo kanye noju olunamathelayo ngaphansi kwamaqabunga.

Ukulawula: Insipho yokubulala izinambuzane, uwoyela we-neem, noma ukufaka izinambuzane eziwusizo.

Izinyoni

Izimpawu: Amajikijolo aqoshiwe noma angekho, ikakhulukazi njengoba izithelo zivuthwa.

Ukulawula: Ukufaka inethi phezu kwemivini, izinto zokuvimba ezibonakalayo, noma itheyiphu ekhanyayo.

Amasu Okuvimbela Izinto Eziphilayo

• Khetha Izinhlobo Ezimelana Nezifo: Amagilebhisi aseMelika kanye nezinhlobo eziningi ezixubile zinikeza ukumelana nezifo okungcono kunezinhlobo zaseYurophu.
• Gcina Isikhala Esifanele Nokuthena: Ukujikeleza komoya okuhle kunciphisa umswakama ozungeze amaqabunga.
• Hlanza Kahle: Susa amaqabunga awile, izinto ezinqunyiwe, kanye nezithelo ezinesifo endaweni yesivini.
• Sebenzisa Ukutshala Okukanye: Amanye amakhambi afana negalikhi, ama-chives, kanye nama-marigold angasiza ekuxosheni ezinye izinambuzane eziwuhlupho.
• Faka Izifutho Zokuvimbela: Izinketho ze-organic zifaka itiye lomquba, isifutho sobisi esixutshwe (sokukhunta okumpunga), kanye namafutha e-neem.

Ukuphathwa Kwezinambuzane Okuhlanganisiwe (IPM): Esikhundleni sokufutha ngesikhathi esinqunyiwe, qapha imivini yakho njalo bese welapha kuphela uma kudingeka. Le ndlela inciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali futhi igcina izinambuzane eziwusizo ezisiza ukulawula izinambuzane ngokwemvelo.

Ishadi lemfundo elibonisa izifo ezivamile zamagilebhisi nezinambuzane ezinezithombe ezibhalwe ilebula, okuhlanganisa isikhunta, ukubola, izibungu, amabhungane, kanye nezinambuzane ezizungeze iqoqo lamagilebhisi eliphakathi. Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Ukuvuna Nokugcina

Ngemva kwakho konke ukusebenza kanzima, ukuvuna amagilebhisi akho akhulele ekhaya kuyingxenye ezuzisa kakhulu yenqubo. Ukwazi ukuthi uzovuna nini futhi kanjani kuqinisekisa ukuthi uzojabulela ukunambitheka kanye nekhwalithi engcono kakhulu yesivuno sakho.

Vuna amagilebhisi ngokusika amaqoqo aphelele ngezikere zokuthena, ushiye ingxenye encane yesiqu inamathele

Isikhathi Sokuvuna

Ukunquma isikhathi sokuvuna esifanele kudinga ukunaka izinkomba eziningana:

• Ukuthuthukiswa Kombala: Amagilebhisi afinyelela umbala ogcwele (kuye ngokuthi uhlobo luni) ngaphambi kokuba avuthwe ngokugcwele. Umbala wodwa awusona isibonakaliso esithembekile.
• Ukuhlolwa Kokunambitha: Indlela ethembeke kakhulu ukunambitha amagilebhisi nje. Kufanele abe mnandi futhi anambitheke, ngaphandle kokunambitheka ngokweqile.
• Umbala Wembewu: Ezinhlotsheni ezifakwe imbewu, imbewu ishintsha isuke ekubeni luhlaza ibe nsundu uma isivuthiwe.
• Ukuqina Kwejikijolo: Amagilebhisi avuthiwe aqinile kodwa akhiqiza kancane uma ecindezelwa kancane.
• Ukususwa Okulula: Amajikijolo avuthiwe asuka kalula esiqwini uma edonswa ngobumnene.

Amagilebhisi amaningi etafuleni azolungela ukuvunwa ekupheleni kwehlobo kuya ekuqaleni kwekwindla, kuye ngesimo sezulu sakho kanye nohlobo lwawo. Amagilebhisi ewayini avame ukuvunwa kamuva ukuze athuthukise okuqukethwe ushukela ophezulu.

Isu Lokuvuna

• Ukuvuna ngesikhathi sosuku olupholile—ekuseni kakhulu kuyinto ekahle.
• Sebenzisa izikele zokuthena ezihlanzekile nezibukhali noma izikele ukuze usike amaqoqo aphelele.
• Shiya ingxenye encane yesiqu inamathele eqoqweni ukuze kusize ekulondolozeni ubusha.
• Phatha amaqoqo kancane ukuze ugweme ukulimaza izithelo.
• Beka amaqoqo avuniwe esitsheni esingajulile ukuze uvimbele ukuchotshozwa.

Iziqondiso Zokugcina

Amagilebhisi amasha awaqhubeki nokuvuthwa ngemva kokuvunwa, ngakho-ke wakhethe lapho esevuthiwe kahle ukuze athole ikhwalithi engcono kakhulu.

• Ukugcina Isikhathi Esifushane: Faka amagilebhisi angagezwanga efrijini esikhwameni sepulasitiki esinezimbobo kuze kube yisonto elilodwa noma amabili.
• Ukuwasha: Geza amagilebhisi kuphela ngaphambi nje kokuwadla.
• Ukuqandisa: Susa amagilebhisi eziqwini, uwageze, omise, bese uwaqandisa ngesendlalelo esisodwa ngaphambi kokuwadlulisela ezitsheni zefriji.
• Ukucubungula: Ukuze uthole ijusi, ijeli, noma iwayini, lungisa amagilebhisi ngokushesha ngemva kokuvuna ukuze uthole imiphumela emihle kakhulu.

Icebiso Lokuvuna: Uma izinyoni ziyinkinga, vuna amagilebhisi ngokushesha nje lapho sezivuthiwe kunokuba uzishiye emvinini. Ngaphandle kwalokho, vikela amaqoqo avuthwayo ngenethi elula.

Izandla ezigqoke amagilavu zisebenzisa izikere zokuthena ukuze zivune amaqoqo amagilebhisi avuthiwe ansomi phezu kwebhakede esivini esikhanyiswe yilanga. Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Ukusebenzisa Isivuno Sakho Samagilebhisi

Isivuno sakho samagilebhisi esikhule ekhaya sinikeza amathuba amaningi okupheka ngaphandle kokudla okusha. Nazi ezinye zezindlela ezidumile zokujabulela nokulondoloza isivuno sakho.

Amagilebhisi akhulele ekhaya angaguqulwa abe ujusi, ijeli, iwayini, omisiwe, nokuningi

Ukudla Okusha

Amagilebhisi etafuleni amnandi kakhulu uma edliwa esanda kuphuma emvinini. Anezela kahle kakhulu kumasaladi ezithelo, amabhodi oshizi, kanye nama-dessert. Izinhlobo ezingenambewu zithandwa kakhulu uma zisanda kudliwa.

Ijusi kanye neJeli

Izinhlobo zaseMelika ezifana neConcord neNiagara zenza ijusi nejeli okumnandi kakhulu ngokunambitheka kwazo okuhlukile. Ukwenza ijusi:

1. Geza futhi uqoqe amagilebhisi.
2. Sika amagilebhisi bese ufudumala kancane kuze kube yilapho ujusi ugeleza ngokukhululeka.
3. Hlunga ngesikhwama sejeli noma nge-cheesecloth.
4. Faka ushukela uma uthanda bese ubeka noma uqandise ukuze kugcinwe.

Ukwenza iwayini

Ukwenza iwayini ngamagilebhisi akhule ekhaya kungaba yinto yokuzilibazisa evuzayo. Nakuba imiyalelo yokwenza iwayini enemininingwane ingaphezu kwemingcele yalesi siqondisi, inqubo eyisisekelo ihilela:

1. Ukuchoboza amagilebhisi ukuze kukhishwe ujusi.
2. Ukwengeza imvubelo yewayini nokuvumela ukubila.
3. Ukufaka iwayini endaweni yokulifaka ukuze kususwe indle.
4. Ukuguga iwayini ngaphambi kokufaka ebhodleleni.

Ukomisa Ama-raisin

Izinhlobo ezingenambewu ezifana neThompson, Flame, kanye neNeptune zenza ama-raisin amahle kakhulu:

1. Geza bese ususa iziqu kumagilebhisi avuthiwe ngokugcwele.
2. Sakaza ungqimba olulodwa emathileyi okomisa.
3. Yomisa emshinini wokomisa ukudla, kuhhavini lapho izinga lokushisa liphansi, noma elangeni (ezimweni ezishisayo nezomile).
4. Gcina ezitsheni ezingangeni moya uma sezomile ngokuphelele.

Ukulondoloza Isivuno

Ezinye izindlela zokulondoloza zifaka:

• Ukuqandisa: Qendisa amagilebhisi aphelele ukuze uthole ama-smoothie noma ukudla okulula.
• Ukukheni: Gcina ijusi yamagilebhisi noma wenze ukugcwaliswa kwephayi yamagilebhisi.
• Uviniga: Sebenzisa ujusi ukwenza uviniga wamagilebhisi owenziwe ekhaya.

Isithombe esingabonakali sejusi yamagilebhisi, ijeli yamagilebhisi, iwayini elibomvu, omisiwe, namagilebhisi amasha ahlelwe etafuleni lokhuni lasemaphandleni ngaphandle. Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Isiphetho

Ukutshala amagilebhisi kudinga isineke nokunaka imininingwane, kodwa imivuzo iwufanele umzamo. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, amagilebhisi akho anganikeza amashumi eminyaka amaqabunga amahle, izithelo ezimnandi, kanye nokwaneliseka kokuvuna isivuno sakho unyaka nonyaka.

Khumbula ukuthi ukutshala amagilebhisi kuyisayensi kanye nobuciko. Isikhathi ngasinye sonyaka kuletha amathuba amasha okufunda njengoba ubona indlela imivini yakho esabela ngayo ezimweni ezahlukene kanye nemikhuba yokunakekela. Ungadikibali yizinselele—ngisho nabalimi abanolwazi babhekana nezithiyo ngezikhathi ezithile ngenxa yesimo sezulu, izinambuzane, noma izifo.

Njengoba imivini yakho ivuthwa futhi ujwayelana nezidingo zayo, uzothuthukisa ukuqonda okunembile kokutshalwa kwamagilebhisi okungekho mqondisi ongakudlulisela ngokugcwele. Jabulela uhambo lokuba ngumlimi wamagilebhisi, futhi ujabulele imivuzo emnandi yobuningi bengadi yakho.

Ukufunda Okuqhubekayo

Uma ukujabulele lokhu okuthunyelwe, ungaphinda uthande lezi ziphakamiso:

• Ukukhulisa Izaqathi: Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Wempumelelo Yengadi
• Imifino Ephezulu Eyi-10 Enempilo Kakhulu Engakhula Engadini Yakho Yasekhaya
• Indlela Yokukhulisa I-Arugula: Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Wabalimi Basemakhaya