Umhlahlandlela Wokukhulisa Amakhiwane Angcono Kakhulu Engadini Yakho

Kushicilelwe: Novemba 25, 2025 23:47:37 UTC

Kukhona into ewumlingo ngokuluma ikhiwane elivuthwe ngokuphelele ozikhulisele wena. Lezi zithelo ezinoshukela, ezinoshukela ezinokwakheka kwazo okuyingqayizivele kanye ne-flavour ziye zatshalwa izinkulungwane zeminyaka, futhi ngesizathu esihle. Ukutshala amakhiwane ekhaya akuzuzi nje kuphela kodwa kutholakala ngokumangalisayo kubalimi abaningi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unegceke elingemuva elivulekile noma ivulandi elinelanga, ungakwazi ukukhulisa lezi zithelo ezithandekayo ngolwazi olufanele nokunakekelwa okufanele.

Leli khasi lihunyushwe ngomshini lisuka esiNgisini ukuze lenze lifinyeleleke kubantu abaningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngeshwa, ukuhumusha ngomshini akukabi ubuchwepheshe obuphelele, ngakho-ke amaphutha angenzeka. Uma uthanda, ungabuka inguqulo yokuqala yesiNgisi lapha:

A Guide to Growing the Best Figs in Your Own Garden

Eduze kwamakhiwane ansomi avuthiwe akhula egatsheni lesihlahla elizungezwe amaqabunga aluhlaza engadini yasekhaya. Ulwazi olwengeziwe

Kulo mhlahlandlela obanzi, sizokuhambisa kukho konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nokutshala amakhiwane, kusukela ekukhetheni izinhlobo ezifanele zesimo sezulu sakho kuya ekuvuneni nasekulondolozeni inzuzo yakho. Ngeziqondiso ezithile eziyisisekelo nokubekezela okuncane, uzojabulela amakhiwane akho asekhaya ngaphambi kokuthi wazi.

Izinzuzo Zokukhulisa Amakhiwane Akho

Ngaphambi kokuthi ungene endleleni yokwenza, ake sihlole ukuthi kungani kuwufanele umzamo ukukhulisa awakho amakhiwane:

Amakhiwane agcwele izakhamzimba ezihlanganisa i-fiber, i-potassium, i-calcium, namavithamini A, B, no-K
Amakhiwane akhulela ekhaya anambitheka kangcono kunawathengwa esitolo, ngoba angavunwa lapho esevuthwe kakhulu.
Izihlahla zomkhiwane azinakekelwa kahle uma ziqhathaniswa nezinye izihlahla zezithelo
Zingatshalwa ezitsheni, zizenze zilungele izindawo ezincane
Izihlahla zomkhiwane zingaba izengezo zokuhlobisa endaweni yakho ngamaqabunga azo ahlukile
Izinhlobo eziningi zingakhiqiza izivuno ezimbili ngonyaka ezindaweni ezifanele
Amakhiwane amasha aneshalofu lesikhathi esifushane kakhulu, okuwenza abize futhi kube nzima ukuwathola ngokwentengiso

Izinhlobo Ezinhle Kakhulu Zamakhiwane Ezingadi Zasekhaya

Ngezinkulungwane zezinhlobo zamakhiwane emhlabeni wonke, ukukhetha okulungile engadini yakho kungabonakala kunzima kakhulu. Nazi izinhlobo eziyisikhombisa ezidumile ezilungele kahle izingadi zasekhaya kuzo zonke izindawo ezikhulayo ezikhulayo:

I-Celeste (I-Sugar Fig)

Iqinile ebandayo. Amakhiwane amancane kuya kwaphakathi nendawo anesikhumba esinsomi ukuya kwensundu kanye nenyama ebomvu emnandi. Kuhle kakhulu ekudleni okusha ngobumnandi obufana noju. Enye yezinhlobo ezibandayo kakhulu, ezifanele izindawo 6-10. Isebenza kahle ezindaweni ezinomswakama.

Amakhiwane e-Celeste aseduze avuthwe okukodwa etafuleni lepulangwe, ebonisa inyama ebomvu ebomvu ngaphakathi. Ulwazi olwengeziwe

Brown Turkey

Umkhiqizi onokwethenjelwa. Amakhiwane anosayizi omaphakathi anesikhumba sethusi nenyama e-amber. Ukunambitheka okunoshukela okumaphakathi, okuhle kakhulu ekulondolozeni. Umkhiqizi onokwethenjelwa kakhulu ongathela izithelo ekukhuleni okusha ngisho nangemva kokulimala kwasebusika. Kujwayelana nezizoni 7-10.

Amakhiwane ase-Turkey ansundu avuthiwe aseduze avuleke kabili ukuze aveze ingaphakathi lawo elibomvu-owolintshi, elizungezwe amakhiwane aphelele anombala onsomi ojulile kanye nohlaza. Ulwazi olwengeziwe

Chicago Hardy

Iqinile ebandayo. Amakhiwane amancane kuya kwamaphakathi anesikhumba esinsomi anenyama emnyama emnyama. Ukunambitheka okumnandi, okunokulinganisela okunamanothi asemhlabeni. Iqinile kakhulu emakhazeni (ingaphila iye ku-zone 5 ngokuvikelwa). Izovame ukukhiqiza isivuno ngisho noma ubusika-babulawa phansi.

Amakhiwane aseChicago Hardy avuthiwe, amanye ephelele futhi amanye ehhafu, ebonisa ingaphakathi lawo elinothile elibomvu etafuleni lokhuni. Ulwazi olwengeziwe

I-Black Mission

Ukunambitheka kwe-Classic. Amakhiwane anosayizi omaphakathi anesikhumba esinsomi ngokujulile (esicishe sibe mnyama) kanye nenyama ebomvu sitrobheli. Ukunambitheka okucebile, okumnandi okunamanothi amajikijolo. Kuhle kakhulu ezindaweni 7-11, kuncamela isimo sezulu esishisayo, esomile kodwa esivumelana nezindawo ezinehlobo elipholile.

Iqembu lamakhiwane e-Black Mission avuthiwe epuleti le-ceramic, elinekhiwane elilodwa elihlukaniswe uhhafu ukuze liveze ingaphakathi lalo elibomvu ngokusagolide. Ulwazi olwengeziwe

Kadota

Kuhle kakhulu ukulondoloza. Amakhiwane aphakathi nendawo anombala osaphuzi anombala o-amber. I-flavour emnene, emnandi enamanothi oju. Kuhle kakhulu ekuthinini nasekulondolozeni ngenxa yesikhumba esiwugqinsi. Ivumelana nezimo 7-10, isebenza kahle ezindaweni ezishisayo nezomile.

Amakhiwane e-Kadota avuthiwe anesikhumba esiphuzi ngokuluhlaza kanye nengaphakathi lenhlaka endaweni yokhuni. Ulwazi olwengeziwe

I-Adriatic

Okuqukethwe ushukela ophezulu. Amakhiwane aluhlaza ngokukhanyayo okumaphakathi ukuya kokuphuzi anenyama ebomvu ye-strawberry. Imnandi kakhulu enoshukela omningi, evame ukusetshenziselwa ukunamathisela umkhiwane namakhiwane omisiwe. Ifanele izindawo 7-10, ikhetha izimo ezifana neMedithera.

Ukuvala amakhiwane e-Adriatic avuthiwe anesikhumba esiluhlaza ngokukhanyayo kanye nenyama ebomvu ekhanyayo ehlelwe endaweni yokhuni e-rustic ekukhanyeni kwemvelo. Ulwazi olwengeziwe

Izidingo Zesimo Sezulu Nenhlabathi

Ukucatshangelwa Kwesimo Sezulu

Amakhiwane adabuka ezindaweni zaseMedithera, okusinika izinkomba mayelana nezimo ezithandwayo zokukhula:

Izinhlobo eziningi zamakhiwane zikhula kahle ku-USDA hardiness zones 7-10, nakuba ezinye izinhlobo eziqinile ezibandayo zingaphila ku-zone 5-6 ngokuvikelwa.
Amakhiwane adinga ukukhanya kwelanga okuningi - okungenani amahora angu-6-8 welanga eliqondile nsuku zonke ukuze akhiqize izithelo ezinhle
Bangakwazi ukubekezelela amazinga okushisa asuka ku-15°F kuya ku-110°F (-9°C kuya ku-43°C), kodwa izinga lezithelo lihlupheka ngokwedlulele.
Ezifundeni ezibandayo, tshala amakhiwane odongeni olubheke eningizimu ukuze unikeze imfudumalo nokuvikelwa
Ezimweni ezishisayo, umthunzi othile wantambama unganqanda ukushiswa kwamaqabunga ngesikhathi sokushisa okukhulu kwasehlobo

Isihlahla somkhiwane esinamaqabunga aluhlaza aluhlaza esimila engadini enelanga nenhlabathi evundile. Ulwazi olwengeziwe

Izidingo Zomhlaba

Izimo zenhlabathi ezifanele zibalulekile ezihlahleni zomkhiwane ezinempilo kanye nesivuno esiningi:

Amakhiwane akhetha umhlabathi okhipha amanzi kahle one-pH ephakathi kuka-6.0 no-6.5
Ziyakwazi ukubekezelela izinhlobo eziningi zenhlabathi kodwa zisebenza kahle kakhulu enhlabathini evundlile
Ukugeleza kahle kwamanzi kubalulekile - amakhiwane azonda "izinyawo ezimanzi" futhi angaba nokubola kwezimpande ezimeni ezigcwele amanzi
Ezindaweni ezinomhlabathi wobumba osindayo, cabanga ukutshala emibhedeni ephakanyisiwe noma ezindundumeni
Ngaphambi kokutshala, hlanganisa izinto eziphilayo ezifana nomquba ukuthuthukisa ukwakheka komhlabathi nokuvunda
Gwema ukutshala ezindaweni ezinezinkinga ezaziwayo ze-root-knot nematode, njengoba lokhu kungalimaza kakhulu amakhiwane

Ithiphu Lochwepheshe: Uma ungaqiniseki ngekhwalithi yenhlabathi yakho, cabanga ngokuthola ukuhlolwa kwenhlabathi ngehhovisi lendawo yangakini. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuthi ubone noma yikuphi ukushoda kwezakhi noma izinkinga ze-pH ezidinga ukulungiswa ngaphambi kokutshala.

Isinyathelo Ngesinyathelo Imiyalelo yokutshala

Ukutshala Isitsha

Ukutshala amakhiwane ezitsheni kulungele izindawo ezincane noma isimo sezulu esibandayo lapho izihlahla zidinga ukuhanjiswa endlini ebusika:

Khetha isitsha esifanele: Khetha ibhodwe okungenani elingu-15-20 amayintshi ububanzi elinezimbobo ezinhle zokudonsa amanzi. Izihlahla ezincane (iminyaka engu-1-2) zingaqala ezimbizeni ezingamalitha angu-3-5, kuyilapho izihlahla ezivuthiwe zidinga iziqukathi ezingamalitha ayi-10-15 noma ngaphezulu.
Lungiselela ingxube yebhodwe: Sebenzisa ingxube yezimbiza esezingeni eliphezulu, edonsa kahle. Engeza u-20-30% we-perlite noma i-pumice ukuze uthuthukise ukugeleza kwamanzi. Gwema inhlabathi engadini evamile ezitsheni.
Misa isihlahla: Beka isihlahla esitsheni ukuze phezulu kwebhola lempande kuhlale cishe intshi engu-1 ngaphansi komphetho webhodwe ukuvumela ukuchelela.
Gcwalisa futhi namanzi: Gcwalisa izimpande zezimpande nge-potting mix, ucindezele kancane ukuze ususe amaphakethe omoya. Nisela kahle kuze kuphume amanzi ngaphansi.
Isimboza semboza ngabo izithombo zezihlahla: Faka ungqimba lwe-intshi engu-1-2 ye-mulch phezu kwenhlabathi, uyigcine ikude nesiqu ukuvimbela ukubola.

Isihlahla somkhiwane sitshalwa esitsheni esikhulu esinamatshe okukhipha amanzi kanye nenhlabathi endaweni enelanga engadini. Ulwazi olwengeziwe

Ukutshala Phansi

Kulabo abanendawo eyanele nesimo sezulu esifanele, ukutshala amakhiwane ngqo emhlabathini kubavumela ukuba bafinyelele amandla abo aphelele:

Khetha indawo: Khetha indawo enelanga eligcwele (ubuncane bamahora angu-6-8 ngosuku) nokuvikelwa emimoyeni enamandla. Ezifundeni ezibandayo, udonga olubheke eningizimu lunikeza ukufudumala okwengeziwe.
Ukuhlukanisa: Tshala izihlahla zomkhiwane ngamamitha angu-10-15 uma zikhula ngendlela yasehlathini, noma ngamamitha angu-15-20 ngokuhlukana ukuze zibe yisihlahla. Vumela okungenani izinyawo ezingu-20 ukusuka ezakhiweni ukuvimbela ukulimala kwezimpande.
Lungiselela umgodi: Yimba umgodi ububanzi obuphindwe kabili kunebhola lempande futhi cishe ukujula okufanayo. Khulula inhlabathi engezansi nasemaceleni omgodi.
Tshala isihlahla: Beka isihlahla ukuze sihlale ngamasentimitha angu-2-4 ukujula kunalokho esasisebhodweni lokunakekela izingane ukuze ukhuthaze i-branching ephansi. Ngezihlahla ezinezimpande ezingenalutho, yakha indunduma encane phakathi nendawo yembobo bese usakaza izimpande phezu kwayo.
I-backfill: Gcwalisa imbobo ngenhlabathi, uyiqinise ngobumnene izungeze izimpande. Nisela kahle ukuze kulungiswe inhlabathi futhi kuqedwe amaphakethe omoya.
Isimboza semboza ngabo izithombo zezihlahla: Faka ungqimba lwe-intshi engu-2-4 ye-organic mulch kumbuthano ozungeza isihlahla, ugcine amasentimitha ambalwa ukusuka esiqwini.

Isikhathi Sokutshala: Isikhathi esihle sokutshala amakhiwane ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngemva kokuba ingozi yesithwathwa isidlulile. Ezimweni ezifudumele (izindawo 8-10), ukutshala ekwindla nakho kufanelekile, okunikeza isikhathi somuthi ukusungula izimpande ngaphambi kwenkathi elandelayo yokukhula.

Umkhiwane omncane otshalwe emhlabathini osanda kumbiwa futhi uhlukaniswe kahle ensimini. Ulwazi olwengeziwe

Ikhalenda Lokunakekela Isihlahla Samakhiwane

Isizini	Ukuthena	Ukuvundisa	Ukunisela	Ukunakekelwa Okukhethekile
Intwasahlobo (March-May)	Susa izinkuni ezifile noma ezilimele. Ezihlahleni eziqinile, thena ukuze ugcine usayizi nokuma ngaphambi kokuvela kwamaqabunga.	Faka umanyolo olinganiselayo (8-8-8 noma 10-10-10) lapho ukukhula okusha kuqala. Ezihlahleni ezincane, sebenzisa i-1-2 oz ngesicelo ngasinye.	Qalisa kabusha ukuchelela okuvamile njengoba inhlabathi ifudumala. Gcina inhlabathi imanzi njalo kodwa ingabi manzi.	Yembula izihlahla ezivikelwe ezindaweni ezibandayo. Buka ukukhula okusha. Faka i-mulch nxazonke zesisekelo.
Ihlobo (Juni-Agasti)	Ncinza amathiphu okukhula okusha ukuze ukhuthaze amagatsha. Susa ama-suckers kusuka kusisekelo.	Isicelo sesibili sokukhanya phakathi noJuni ezihlahleni ezincane. Gwema ukuvundisa ngemva kukaJulayi ukuze uvimbele ukukhula sekwephuzile.	Nisela ngokujulile izikhathi ezingu-1-2 ngesonto kuye ngokuthi lina imvula. Khulisa ngesikhathi sokukhula kwezithelo kanye nezikhathi ezishisayo.	Buka isivuno sokuqala (i-breba) ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Gcina isendlalelo se-mulch esingu-2-4 intshi. Gada izinambuzane.
Ikwindla (September-November)	Ukuthena okuncane. Susa noma yisiphi isithelo esisele ngemva kokuvuna.	Awukho umanyolo odingekayo. Ukwengeza umquba eduze kwesisekelo kuyasiza.	Nciphisa kancane kancane ukuchelela njengoba amazinga okushisa epholile. Vumela inhlabathi yome kakhulu phakathi kokunisela.	Vuna isivuno esikhulu. Qala ukulungiselela izitshalo zesitsha ebusika ezindaweni ezibandayo.
Ubusika (December-February)	Ukuthena okukhulu ekupheleni kobusika ngesikhathi sokulala. Susa amagatsha awelayo futhi abe mncane ukuze ujikeleze komoya.	Awukho umanyolo odingekayo.	Ukuchelela okuncane izitshalo ezingaphansi. Ezitshalweni zesitsha, nisela kancane kuphela uma inhlabathi yomile.	Ezindaweni ezingu-5-7, vikela izihlahla nge-burlap, i-mulch, noma uhambise iziqukathi egaraji elingashiswanga noma ngaphansi.

Isihlahla somkhiwane siboniswa kumaphaneli amane abonisa izinguquko zesizini: imiqumbe yasentwasahlobo, isithelo sasehlobo, amaqabunga asekwindla, namagatsha asebusika ngokumelene nesibhakabhaka esiluhlaza. Ulwazi olwengeziwe

Ukuqeqesha Nokuthena Izihlahla Zomkhiwane

Amakhiwane angaqeqeshwa ngendlela yasehlathini noma yesihlahla, kanti isimo sesihlahla sisebenza kakhulu ezingadini zasekhaya, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezibandayo:

Ifomu leBush

Ikhuthaza iziqu eziningi ukusuka ezingeni eliphansi
Iqine kakhulu ngokubanda njengoba amahlumela amasha angavela uma ukukhula okuphezulu konakele
Izithelo kulula ukufinyelela kuzo ukuze zivunwe
Qala ukuqeqeshwa ekutshaleni ngokusika isihlahla esincane ngokukodwa kokuthathu
Khetha iziqu ezi-3-8 eziqinile, ezihlukaniswe kahle njengabaholi bese ususa ezinye

Ifomu lesihlahla

Isiqu esisodwa esinamagatsha aqala ngamafidi angu-1-2 ngaphezu komhlaba
Kungcono ezifundeni ezifudumele (izindawo 8-10) lapho umonakalo wasebusika uncane
Idala ukubukeka kwesihlahla okungokwesiko endaweni
Gcina ngokukhipha ama-suckers esisekelweni
Sika ukuze ugcine isikhungo esivulekile sokukhanya

Izinambuzane Zomkhiwane Ezivamile Nezifo

Nakuba amakhiwane eqhathaniswa nezinambuzane futhi amelana nezifo uma kuqhathaniswa nezihlahla eziningi zezithelo, asengabhekana nezinselele ezimbalwa. Nansi indlela yokuhlonza nokulungisa izinkinga ezivamile usebenzisa izindlela zemvelo.

Izinambuzane Ezivamile

Izinambuzane	Izimpawu	Izindlela Zokulawula Izinto
Fig Beetles	Amabhungane amakhulu aluhlaza adla izithelo ezivuthiwe, enza izimbobo ezinkulu	Vuna izithelo ngokushesha lapho sezivuthiwe. Sebenzisa izicupho ezinamathelayo eziphuzi. Faka i-nematodes enenzuzo emhlabathini ukuze ulawule izibungu.
I-Root-Knot Nematodes	Ukukhula okumile, amaqabunga aphuzi, izinyo ezimpandeni	Tshala emhlabathini ongenawo ama-nematode. Faka izinto eziphilayo emhlabathini. Cabangela iziphunzi eziqinile. Gcoba ikhekhe le-neem emhlabathini.
Izintuthwane Neminyovu	Izinambuzane ezidla izithelo ezivuthiwe	Vuna ngokushesha. Sebenzisa izithiyo zezintuthwane eziqwini zezihlahla. Mboza izithelo ngazinye ngezikhwama zephepha.
Isikali Izinambuzane	Amaqhuqhuva amancane eziqwini nasemagatsheni, amazolo anamathela oju	Gcoba uwoyela we-horticultural ngenkathi ethule. Yethula ama-ladybugs njengezilwane ezidla ezinye zemvelo.

Izifo Ezivamile

Izifo	Izimpawu	Ukwelashwa Kwezinto Eziphilayo
I-Fig Rust	Amabala ansundu aphuzi emaqabunga, ukuwa kwamaqabunga ngaphambi kwesikhathi	Susa futhi ucekele phansi amaqabunga awile. Thuthukisa ukuhamba komoya ngokuthena. Gcoba isikhuthazi se-organic copper ekuqaleni kwesizini.
Ukubola kwezimpande	I-Wilting naphezu kwamanzi anele, amaqabunga aphuzi, ukukhula okuqinile	Thuthukisa amanzi. Yehlisa imvamisa yokunisela. Ezitshalweni zesitsha, phinda ufake umhlabathi omusha, okhipha kahle.
I-Fig Mosaic Virus	Amaqabunga anamabala, aguqukile anamabala aphuzi	Alikho ikhambi elitholakalayo. Susa izihlahla ezitheleleke kakhulu. Lawula ama-fig mite vectors ngensipho ebulala izinambuzane.
Izithelo Souring	Iphunga elibilisiwe, uketshezi oluphuma esweni lesithelo	Vuna ngokushesha lapho usuvuthiwe. Khetha izinhlobo zamakhiwane ezinamahlo avaliwe. Susa izithelo ezithintekile ngokushesha.

Ukuvimbela Kungukhiye: Izinkinga eziningi zamakhiwane zingavinjelwa ngokusebenzisa amasiko afanele. Qinisekisa ukuthi kunezikhala ezanele phakathi kwezihlahla ukuze umoya ujikeleze, gwema ukuchelela phezulu, gcina ukudla okulungile ngaphandle kokufaka umanyolo ngokweqile, futhi uhlanze izithelo namahlamvu awile ngokushesha.

Eduze kweqabunga lomkhiwane elibonisa isifo sokugqwala esinamachashaza ansundu endaweni eluhlaza endaweni engadini efiphele. Ulwazi olwengeziwe

Amasu Okuvuna kanye Nezinkomba Zokuvuthwa

Ukwazi ukuthi amakhiwane awavunwa nini futhi kanjani kubalulekile ukuze uwajabulele enambitheka yawo. Ngokungafani nezithelo eziningi, amakhiwane awaqhubeki evuthwa uma esevutshiwe, ngakho isikhathi siyikho konke.

Ungasho Kanjani Uma Amakhiwane Evuthiwe

Ukuthamba: Inkomba ethembeke kakhulu ukuthungwa okuthambile, okuvumayo uma kukhanywa ngobumnene. Gxila entanyeni yekhiwane (lapho inamathela khona esiqwini) - lapho le ndawo ithambile, umkhiwane usulungile.
Ukuwisa: Amakhiwane avuthiwe avame ukulenga phansi kunokuba abheke phezulu noma ngaphandle.
Umbala: Kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo, isikhumba sizoba nombala waso ovuthiwe (onsomi, onsundu, oluhlaza, noma ophuzi).
Ukuthungwa kwesikhumba: Isikhumba singase sibe nemifantu emincane noma sibonakale sishwabene.
Usayizi: Ikhiwane lizofinyelela usayizi walo ophelele wezinhlobonhlobo.
Ukukhipha kalula: Ikhiwane elivuthiwe lizophuma kalula egatsheni ngokucindezela okuthambile.

Isu Elifanele Lokuvuna

Vuna ekuseni lapho amazinga okushisa epholile futhi okuqukethwe ushukela kuphezulu.
Sonta kahle umkhiwane lapho uhlangana khona nesiqu, noma sebenzisa izikele ezihlanzekile zokuthena izithelo okunzima ukuzifinyelela.
Phatha amakhiwane ngokucophelela - aphuka kalula uma esevuthiwe.
Beka amakhiwane avuniwe esitsheni esingashoni, ugweme ukunqwabelana okungabangela ukuchotshozwa.
Gcina amakhiwane avuniwe engangeni elangeni futhi uwagaye noma uwafake efrijini ngokushesha.

Ukuvala kwesandla kukha ngobumnene umkhiwane onsomi ovuthiwe esihlahleni somkhiwane esikhanyiswe yilanga esizungezwe amaqabunga aluhlaza. Ulwazi olwengeziwe

Uhlelo Lokuvuna

Izihlahla zomkhiwane zingakhiqiza isilimo esisodwa noma ezimbili ngonyaka, kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo nesimo sezulu:

Isivuno se-Breba: Amakhiwane asekuqaleni akhula esikhunini sangonyaka odlule. Lezi zivuthwa ekuqaleni kwehlobo (June-July) futhi ngokuvamile zimbalwa ngenani.
Isivuno esikhulu: Isivuno sokuqala esikhula ekukhuleni kwesizini yamanje. Lezi zivuthwa ngasekupheleni kwehlobo ukuya ekwindla (August-October).

Ithiphu Yephrofayili: Hlola amakhiwane akho nsuku zonke ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa. Amakhiwane angasuka acishe avuthwe aye avuthwe kakhulu ngosuku nje noma ezimbili, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sezulu esishisayo. Izinyoni nezinambuzane nazo ziyashesha ukuthola amakhiwane avuthiwe, ngakho ukuvuna ngesikhathi esifanele kubalulekile.

Izindlela Zokugcina Nokulondoloza

Amakhiwane amasha abola kakhulu, ahlala izinsuku ezingu-1-2 kuphela ekamelweni lokushisa noma izinsuku ezingu-5-7 esiqandisini. Ukuze ujabulele isivuno sakho unyaka wonke, cabanga ngalezi zindlela zokulondoloza:

Isitoreji Sesikhathi Esifushane

Gcina amakhiwane angageziwe endaweni eyodwa esitsheni esingajulile esifakwe amathawula ephepha
Faka efrijini ku-36-40°F (2-4°C) kuze kube yisonto elilodwa
Letha ekamelweni lokushisa ngaphambi kokudla ukuze uthole ukunambitheka okungcono kakhulu
Geza kahle kuphela ngaphambi kokudla ukuze uvimbele isikhunta

Amakhiwane Aqandayo

Geza amakhiwane ngobumnene futhi wome
Susa iziqu futhi usike phakathi uma uthanda
Beka eshidini lokubhaka endaweni eyodwa bese ufriza kuze kuqine (cishe amahora angu-3)
Dlulisela ezikhwameni zamafriji noma ezitsheni, ususe umoya omningi ngangokunokwenzeka
Ilebula ngedethi futhi ugcine kuze kufike ezinyangeni eziyi-10-12
Sebenzisa amakhiwane afriziwe kuma-smoothies, ukubhaka, noma ukuncibilikisa ukuze uthole ama-toppings

Ukomisa amakhiwane

Amakhiwane omisiwe agxilisa ubumnandi futhi angagcinwa izinyanga:

Ukomisa Ilanga

Sika amakhiwane phakathi bese ubeka uhlangothi olusikiwe phezulu ezikrinini
Vala nge-cheesecloth ukuze uvikeleke ezinambuzaneni
Beka elangeni eliqondile izinsuku ezingu-3-4, ulethe endlini ebusuku
Amakhiwane enziwa uma enesikhumba kodwa asathambile kancane

Indlela ye-Dehydrator

Sika amakhiwane abe yisigamu bese uhlela kumathreyi e-dehydrator
Yomisa ku-135°F (57°C) amahora angu-8-12
Hlola ngezikhathi ezithile ukuthungwa okufunayo
Gcina ezitsheni ezingangeni moya endaweni epholile, emnyama

Ukulondoloza kuSiraphu noma kuJam

Amakhiwane agcinwe amnandi futhi ahlukahlukene:

Ujamu wamakhiwane: Pheka amakhiwane aqotshiwe noshukela, ujusi kalamula, nezinongo aze ajiyile
Ilondolozwe isiraphu: Bilisa amakhiwane aphelele noma ahhafu isiraphu kashukela enambitheka ehambisanayo njenge-vanilla, isinamoni, noma uju
Ingakwazi ukusebenzisa izindlela ezifanele zokufaka amanzi okugeza ukuze ugcine isikhathi eside
Ukugcinwa kwesiqandisi kuzohlala amaviki angu-2-3 ngaphandle kokufaka amathini

Imbiza kajemu womkhiwane, izitsha zamakhiwane omisiwe, namakhiwane amasha aluhlaza ahlelwe endaweni ewukhuni. Ulwazi olwengeziwe

Ukuxazulula Izinkinga Ezivamile Zokukhula komkhiwane

Izinkinga Ezivamile

Amakhiwane awavuthwa: Ukukhanya kwelanga okunganele, izinga lokushisa elipholile, noma isihlahla esincane esingakavuthwa ngokwanele ukuba sikhiqize izithelo ezisezingeni eliphezulu.
Ukuwa kwezithelo ngaphambi kokuvuthwa: Ukucindezeleka kwamanzi (okuningi noma okuncane kakhulu), umanyolo we-nitrogen oweqile, noma ukuhlukahluka kungase kudinge ukuthuthwa kwempova.
Amaqabunga aphuzi: Ukunisela ngokweqile, ukuntuleka kwezakhi zomzimba, noma izinkinga zezinambuzane ezifana ne-nematodes.
Ukukhula okungekuhle: Ukukhanya kwelanga okunganele, izimo zenhlabathi ezimbi, noma isitsha esincane kakhulu.
Ukulimala kwasebusika: Amazinga okushisa abandayo alimaza amagatsha ezindaweni ezingu-5-7.

Izixazululo

Ngamakhiwane angakavuthwa: Qinisekisa ukuthi ukukhanya kwelanga kumahora angu-6-8. Yiba nesineke ngezihlahla ezincane (kungathatha iminyaka engu-3-4 ukukhiqiza izithelo ezisezingeni eliphezulu).
Ngokuwa kwezithelo: Gcina umswakama wenhlabathi ongashintshi. Yehlisa umanyolo we-nitrogen. Qinisekisa ukuthi ukuhlukahluka kwakho kusifanele isimo sezulu sakho.
Emaqabungeni aphuzi: Hlola amanzi futhi ulungise ukuchelela. Faka umanyolo olinganiselayo. Hlola i-nematodes.
Ukuze ungakhuli kahle: thuthela endaweni eshisayo uma kungenzeka. Thuthukisa umhlabathi ngomquba. Izitshalo zesitsha se-repot.
Ukuze uvikeleke ebusika: Goqa isiqu nge-burlap, semboza ngabo izithombo zezihlahla kakhulu, noma usebenzise izembozo ezikhethekile zesihlahla somkhiwane ezindaweni ezibandayo.

Ukuvuselela Isihlahla Somkhiwane Esidonsa kanzima

Uma umkhiwane wakho udonsa kanzima, lezi zinyathelo zingasiza ukuwubuyisela empilweni:

Hlola umonakalo: Thola ukuthi inkinga ihlobene nemvelo, ihlobene nezinambuzane, noma ihlobene nezifo.
Sika izindawo ezilimele: Susa amagatsha afile noma agulayo uwabuyisele enkunini enempilo.
Hlola izimpande: Ezitshalweni zesitsha, susa ngobumnene ebhodweni ukuze uhlole ukuthi izimpande ziyabophela yini noma zibolile.
Lungisa isimiso sokunakekela: Lungisa ukuchelela, ukufaka umquba, noma ukuchayeka elangeni ngokusekelwe ezimpawini.
Ukuthena kabusha: Ezihlahleni ezinganakekile kakhulu, cabanga ukusika ubuyele emuva kumafidi angu-1-2 ngaphezu komhlabathi ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ukuze ukhuthaze ukukhula okusha.

Infographic yesihlahla somkhiwane ebonisa izinto ezivamile ezifana nokubola kwamaqabunga, isithelo esihlukanisayo, amabhungane omkhiwane, nama-root-knot nematodes, ngayinye enezixazululo. Ulwazi olwengeziwe

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana Nokulima Umkhiwane

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi umkhiwane uthele?

Izihlahla eziningi zamakhiwane ziqala ukuthela izithelo phakathi neminyaka engu-2-3 ngemva kokutshala. Nokho, izitshalo zokuqala zingase zibe zincane futhi izinga lezithelo liyathuthuka njengoba isihlahla sivuthwa. Izihlahla ezikhule ngokusikwa zivame ukuthela ngokushesha kunalezo ezitshalwe ezitshalweni. Ezinye izinhlobo ezifana ne-'Celeste' kanye 'ne-Brown Turkey' zivame ukuthela ngaphambi kwesikhathi kunezinye.

Ngingakwazi ukutshala amakhiwane ezindaweni ezibandayo?

Yebo, ngesivikelo esifanele. Ezindaweni ezingu-5-6, khetha izinhlobo eziqinile ezibandayo njenge-'Chicago Hardy' noma i-'Celeste' futhi unikeze ukuvikeleka kwasebusika. Izinketho zihlanganisa ukusonga isihlahla nge-burlap notshani, kusetshenziswa izembozo ezikhethekile zesihlahla somkhiwane, noma ukukhula ezitsheni ezingathuthelwa egaraji elingashisi noma elingaphansi ebusika (izinga lokushisa elifanele ngu-25-40 ° F). Abanye abalimi ezindaweni ezibandayo basebenzisa indlela "yomsele nokungcwaba", lapho isihlahla sibekwe phansi emseleni futhi simbozwe ngenhlabathi ebusika.

Kungani amakhiwane ami eqhekeka engakavuthwa na?

Ukuhlukaniswa kwamakhiwane kuvame ukubangelwa ukushintshashintsha komswakama womhlabathi, ikakhulukazi lapho izimo ezomile zilandelwa yimvula enkulu noma ukuchelela. Ukuze uvimbele ukuhlukana, gcina umswakama wenhlabathi ngokungaguquki ngokunisela njalo nokumboza nge-mulching. Ezinye izinhlobo zijwayele ukuhlukana kunezinye, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zomswakama ophezulu olandelwa yimvula.

Ingabe amakhiwane adinga impova?

Izinhlobo zamakhiwane ezivame kakhulu ezitshalwa ezingadini zasekhaya ziyazivundisa futhi azidingi impova. Lawa aziwa ngokuthi "amakhiwane avamile" futhi afaka izinhlobo ezidumile ezifana ne-'Brown Turkey', 'Celeste', ne-'Chicago Hardy'. Ezinye izinhlobo ezikhethekile (amakhiwane e-Smyrna nama-San Pedro) adinga ukuthuthwa kwempova ngomnyovu othize ongakwazi ukuphila ezindaweni eziningi zaseNyakatho Melika, ngakho lokhu akunconyelwe kubalimi basekhaya.

Ngizisakaza kanjani izihlahla zomkhiwane?

Indlela elula iwukusika ngokhuni oluqinile oluthathwe ngasekupheleni kobusika. Khetha izingxenye ezingama-intshi angu-8-10 zokhuni olunonyaka owodwa ubudala, uzitshale emhlabathini okhipha amanzi ovele uvulelwe ihlumela eliphezulu kuphela, futhi ugcine inhlabathi imanzi njalo. Ukuhluma kwezimpande kufanele kwenzeke phakathi kwamaviki angu-4-8. Izihlahla zomkhiwane zingasakazwa futhi nge-air layering noma ngokusika amaqabunga amaqabunga ngaphansi kwenkungu ngesikhathi sokukhula.

Isiphetho

Ukukhulisa amakhiwane engadini yakho yasekhaya kungaba yinto ezuzisa ngendlela emangalisayo. Ngezidingo zawo eziphansi zokunakekela, ukujwayelana nezimo ezikhulayo ezihlukene, kanye nokunambitheka okusha okungenakuqhathaniswa, amakhiwane afanelwe indawo kunoma yimuphi umkhakha wengadi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uzikhulisa ezitsheni kuvulandi noma njengezihlahla zesampula egcekeni lakho, izimiso eziyisisekelo zihlala zinjalo: hlinzeka ngokukhanya kwelanga okwanele, umhlabathi okhipha kahle amanzi, umswakama ongaguquki, nokuvikela okufanelekile kwasebusika kwesimo sezulu sakho.

Khumbula ukuthi ukubekezela kuyisihluthulelo sezihlahla zomkhiwane. Bangase bathathe iminyaka embalwa ukuze bafinyelele amandla abo aphelele okukhiqiza, kodwa ukulinda kuwufanele kakhulu uma uluma kulelokhiwane elivuthwe ngokuphelele, lasekhaya. Ngokulandela imihlahlandlela kulo mhlahlandlela obanzi, uzobe usendleleni eya empumelelweni yokukhula. Jabulela ingadi!

Ukufunda Okuqhubekayo

Uma ukujabulele lokhu okuthunyelwe, ungaphinda uthande lezi ziphakamiso: