Umhlahlandlela Wokukhulisa Ukhukhamba Wakho Kusukela Embewini Kuya Ekuvunweni

Amakhukhamba aluhlaza avuthiwe alenga ezivinini ngaphakathi kwendlu eluhlaza ekhanyiswe yilanga enamaqabunga aluhlaza kanye nemigqa yezitshalo ngemuva. Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Ngomjikelezo wawo wokukhula osheshayo kanye nesivuno esikhulu, amakhukhamba avuza abalimi ngesivuno esiningi phakathi nenkathi yokukhula. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unengadi enkulu egcekeni noma izitsha ezimbalwa nje egcekeni lakho, amakhukhamba angachuma ngokunakekelwa okufanele. Lo mhlahlandlela ophelele uzokuqondisa kukho konke okudingeka ukwazi ukuze ukhule ngempumelelo amakhukhamba akho kusukela embewini kuya ekuvuneni.

Izinhlobo Ezinhle Kakhulu Zamakhukhamba Ezingadini Zasekhaya

Izinhlobo ezahlukene zekhukhamba ezifanelekela izingadi zasekhaya: ukunqunywa (kwesobunxele) kanye nokukhuhlwa (kwesokudla)

Ukukhetha uhlobo olufanele lwekhukhamba kubalulekile ukuze uthole isivuno esiphumelelayo. Ngokuvamile ukhukhamba uwela ezigabeni ezimbili eziyinhloko: izinhlobo zokusika kanye nezinhlobo zokufaka ukhukhamba. Ukuqonda umehluko kuzokusiza ukhethe izinhlobo ezifanelana kahle nezidingo zakho kanye nezimo zokukhula.

Ukusika Ukhukhamba

Ukhukhamba olusikiwe lutshalwa ngokuyinhloko ukuze ludliwe lusha. Ngokuvamile lukhiqiza izithelo ezinde, ezibushelelezi ezinesikhumba esincane nembewu encane. Lezi zinhlobo zilungele amasaladi, amasangweji, kanye nokudla okulula.

I-Marketmore 76 - Uhlobo olumelana nezifo olukhiqiza izithelo eziluhlaza okotshani, ezingamasentimitha angu-8-9. Luvuthwa ezinsukwini ezingu-68.

I-Straight Eight - Uhlobo olujwayelekile olukhiqiza ukhukhamba oluqondile noluhlaza okotshani oluyi-intshi eziyi-8. Luvuthwa ezinsukwini ezingama-58.

Impumelelo Emnandi - I-hybrid engenambewu ekhiqiza izithelo ezingamasentimitha angu-12-14 ngaphandle kokubaba. Ivuthwa ezinsukwini ezingu-54.

Akunazimbobo - Njengoba igama lisho, lezi zinhlobo ziqukethe okuncane kwenhlanganisela ebangela ukungakhululeki kokugaya ukudla. Amakhukhamba ase-Armenia awela kulesi sigaba.

I-Diva - Uhlobo olungenambewu, olunesikhumba esincane olunephunga elimnandi kakhulu. Lumelana nezifo eziningi. Luvuthwa ezinsukwini ezingu-58.

Ukhukhamba Oqoqiwe

Amakhukhamba aqoqiwe amfushane futhi ajiyile anesikhumba esinamaqhubu kanye nengaphakathi eliqinile. Lezi zici ziwasiza ukuba agcine ukuqina ngesikhathi senqubo yokuqoqiwe.

I-Boston Pickling - Uhlobo lwe-Heirloom olukhiqiza izithelo ezingamasentimitha angu-3-6 ezinezinhlungu ezimnyama. Luvuthwa ezinsukwini ezingu-55.

I-Calypso - Uhlobo oluhlanganisiwe olunezinga eliphezulu lokumelana nezifo. Lukhiqiza izithelo ezifanayo ezilungele ukuthosa. Luvuthwa ezinsukwini ezingu-52.

I-County Fair - Uhlobo olumelana nezifo olukhiqiza izithelo eziqinile ezingamasentimitha angu-3. Luvuthwa ezinsukwini ezingu-52.

I-Bush Pickle - Izitshalo ezincane ezilungele izitsha noma izingadi ezincane. Ikhiqiza izithelo ezingamasentimitha angu-4-5. Ivuthwa ezinsukwini ezingu-48.

Izinhlobo Zokonga Isikhala

Uma ulima endaweni encane, cabanga ngalezi zinhlobo ezincane noma ezihlala ehlathini:

I-Spacemaster - Izihlahla ezincane (ezingamafidi angu-2-3) ezikhiqiza ukhukhamba olusika amasentimitha angu-7-8.

I-Salad Bush Hybrid - Uhlobo oluwine umklomelo olukhula ngamafidi amabili ubude nobubanzi. Lulungele izitsha. Luvuthwa ezinsukwini ezingu-57.

I-Bush Champion - Izitshalo ezincane ezikhiqiza izithelo ezinkulu ezingamasentimitha angu-8-10. Zilungele izitsha kanye nezingadi ezincane.

Izinhlobo ezahlukene zembewu yekhukhamba, amaphakethe embewu, izithombo ezitsheni ze-peat, kanye namakhukhamba amasha ahlelwe etafuleni lokhuni lasemaphandleni. Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Isinyathelo Ngesinyathelo Imiyalelo yokutshala

Ukutshala imbewu yekhukhamba ekujuleni nasekushiyeni okufanele

Ukhukhamba yizitshalo zesizini efudumele ezidinga amazinga okushisa aphakathi kuka-75-85°F (24-29°C) ukuze zikhule kahle. Ukubeka isikhathi sokutshala kwakho ngendlela efanele kubalulekile ukuze uthole isivuno esiphumelelayo.

Nini Ukutshala

Tshala ukhukhamba kuphela ngemva kokuba ingozi yesithwathwa isidlulile futhi amazinga okushisa enhlabathi esefinyelele okungenani ku-65°F (18°C). Ezindaweni eziningi, lokhu kusho ukutshala:

• Amaviki ama-2-3 ngemuva kosuku lokugcina lwesithwathwa sasentwasahlobo
• Uma amazinga okushisa emini efika njalo ku-70°F (21°C)
• Uma amazinga okushisa ebusuku ehlala ngaphezu kwama-50°F (10°C)

Ukuqala Imbewu Ngaphakathi

Ukuze uthole isivuno sangaphambilini, qala imbewu yekhukhamba endlini amasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu ngaphambi kosuku lwakho lokugcina lwesithwathwa:

Sebenzisa izimbiza ze-peat noma ama-pellet abolayo ukuze unciphise ukuphazamiseka kwezimpande ngesikhathi sokufakelwa.

Tshala imbewu ejulile nge-1/2 kuya ku-1 intshi engxubeni yokuqala imbewu.

Gcina izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi liphakathi kuka-70-90°F (21-32°C) ukuze kuhlume kahle.

Nikeza amahora angu-14-16 okukhanya uma izithombo ziphuma.

Qinisa izithombo ngokuzibeka kancane kancane ezimweni zangaphandle izinsuku ezingu-7-10 ngaphambi kokuzitshala.

Ukuhlwanyela Okuqondile Ngaphandle

Ukhukhamba ungahlwanyelwa ngqo engadini ngemva kokuba yonke ingozi yesithwathwa isidlulile:

Tshala imbewu ngokujula okungu-1 intshi ngamaqembu embewu engu-4-6, okwenza "amagquma" ahlukaniswe ngamamitha angu-4-5.

Ukuze utshale imigqa, hlwanyela imbewu ibanga elingamasentimitha angu-6-8 emigqeni eqhelelene ngamamitha angu-3-5.

Gcina inhlabathi inomswakama njalo kuze kube yilapho kuvela ukuhluma (ngokuvamile zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-7-10).

Uma izithombo sezikhule amaqabunga azo okuqala eqiniso, nciphisa zibe izitshalo eziqinile kakhulu ezingu-2-3 ngegquma noma izitshalo zasemkhathini eziqhelelene ngamasentimitha angu-12 ngemigqa.

Ukutshala Izithombo Ezintsha

Uma utshala izithombo zekhukhamba engadini:

Linda kuze kube yilapho izithombo zineqabunga langempela eli-2-3 futhi amazinga okushisa angaphandle afudumele.

Ukufakelwa endaweni ethile kuqhele ngamasentimitha angu-12-18 ngezinhlobo zezihlahla noma ngamasentimitha angu-24-36 ngezinhlobo zezitshalo.

Zitshale ekujuleni okufanayo njengoba bezikhula ezitsheni zazo.

Nisela kahle ngemva kokutshala kabusha bese ufaka ungqimba lwe-mulch nxazonke zezitshalo.

Uma usebenzisa izimbiza ezibolayo, dabula umngcele ongaphezulu komphetho wenhlabathi ukuze uvimbele ukumunca umswakama ezimpandeni.

Izandla zitshala imbewu yekhukhamba ngokucophelela emigqeni ehlukene ngokulinganayo yenhlabathi ecebile engadini enamathuluzi nezithombo eduze Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Ukulungiswa Kwenhlabathi Nezidingo Zokukhanya Kwelanga

Ukulungisa inhlabathi ecebile ngezakhamzimba ngezinto eziphilayo ukuze kutshalwe ukhukhamba

Amakhukhamba achuma enhlabathini evundile, ekhipha amanzi kahle enenqwaba yezinto eziphilayo. Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi ngendlela efanele kubalulekile ezitshalweni ezinempilo kanye nesivuno esiningi.

Izidingo Zomhlaba

Inhlabathi efanelekile yokutshala ukhukhamba inalezi zici:

Izinga le-pH: Elincane kakhulu kuya kwelingathathi hlangothi (6.0-6.8)

Ukuthungwa: I-loam ekhululekile, ekhishwa amanzi kahle

Izinto eziphilayo: Zicebile ngomquba noma umquba obolile kahle

Izinga lokushisa: Okungenani ama-degrees Celsius angu-18 (65°F) okutshala

Ukulungisa Inhlabathi Yengadi

Landela lezi zinyathelo ukuze ulungiselele inhlabathi yakho yengadi yamakhukhamba:

Hlola amazinga e-pH yenhlabathi yakho kanye nezakhamzimba (xhumana nehhovisi lakho lendawo lokwandisa ukuze uthole izinsizakalo zokuhlola).

Susa ukhula, amatshe, kanye nemfucumfucu endaweni yokutshala.

Faka amasentimitha angu-2-4 omquba noma umquba osukhulile enhlabathini engaphezulu engamasentimitha angu-8-10.

Uma inhlabathi iwubumba olunzima, engeza izinto eziphilayo ezengeziwe bese ucabanga ngemibhede ephakanyisiwe ukuze kuphume amanzi kangcono.

Uma ufuna inhlabathi enesihlabathi, engeza umquba owengeziwe ukuze uthuthukise ukugcinwa kwamanzi.

Faka umanyolo olinganiselayo (njengo-5-10-10) ngesilinganiso samakhilogremu angu-3 ngamafidi ayizikwele ayi-100.

Izidingo Zokukhanya kwelanga

Ukhukhamba yizitshalo ezithanda ilanga ezidinga:

Ilanga Eligcwele: Okungenani amahora angu-6-8 okukhanya kwelanga okuqondile nsuku zonke

Ukuqondiswa: Izitshalo zilandelana ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu ukuze zivikeleke kakhulu elangeni

Isivikelo: Ezimweni ezishisa kakhulu, umthunzi omncane wantambama ungaba usizo

Ingxube Yenhlabathi Yesitsha

Uma ukhulisa ukhukhamba ezitsheni, dala ingxube yekhwalithi ephezulu yokubhaka:

• Ingxenye eyodwa yomhlabathi wokubhaka osezingeni eliphezulu
• Ingxenye eyodwa yomquba
• Ingxenye eyodwa ye-perlite noma i-vermiculite yokukhipha amanzi

Umanyolo olinganiselayo okhipha kancane kancane ngokwemiyalelo yephakheji

Icebiso Elihle: Ukufudumala inhlabathi ngaphambi kokutshala kungenza ukhukhamba wakho uqale kahle. Mboza indawo yokutshala ngepulasitiki emnyama isonto eli-1-2 ngaphambi kokutshala ukuze uphakamise izinga lokushisa lenhlabathi ngama-degree angu-3-5.

Umbhede wengadi onenhlabathi ecebile exutshwe nomquba kusetshenziswa ifosholo, izithombo zekhukhamba namathuluzi okulima eduze Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Uhlelo Lokunisela Nokuvundisa

Ukunisela ngamaconsi kunikeza umswakama ohambisanayo ngqo ezimpandeni zezitshalo zekhukhamba

Ukunisela njalo kanye nokufaka umanyolo ofanele kubalulekile ezitshalweni zekhukhamba ukuze zikhiqize izithelo ezithambile nezinambithekayo. Amakhukhamba aqukethe cishe amanzi angu-95%, okwenza umswakama owanele ube yinto ebalulekile ekukhuleni okuhle nasekukhuleni kwezithelo.

Imihlahlandlela yokunisela

Landela le mikhuba yokunisela ukuze uthole izitshalo zekhukhamba ezinempilo:

Inani: Nikeza amasentimitha angu-1-2 amanzi ngesonto, alungiselelwe imvula

Imvamisa: Nisela ngokujulile izikhathi ezingu-1-2 ngesonto kunokunisela ngokungajulile njalo

Isikhathi: Nisela ekuseni ukuze amaqabunga ome ngaphambi kokuhlwa

Indlela: Sebenzisa ukuchelela ngamaconsi noma amapayipi okucwilisa ukuze ugcine amaqabunga omile futhi unciphise izifo

Ukungaguquguquki: Gcina umswakama wenhlabathi ulingana—ukunisela okungaguquguquki kuholela ezithelweni ezibabayo kanye nokukhula okubi

Izimpawu Zokucindezeleka Kwamanzi: Amaqabunga abunayo, amaqabunga aphuzi, izithelo ezigobile, kanye nokunambitheka okubabayo konke kuyizinkomba zokuthi izitshalo zakho zekhukhamba zidinga ukuniselwa njalo.

Uhlelo Lokuvundisa

Ukhukhamba luyizinto zokudla ezisindayo ezizuza ekuvundisweni njalo phakathi nenkathi yokukhula:

Amathiphu Okusebenzisa Umanyolo

Ukuze uthole imiphumela emihle kakhulu lapho ufaka umquba ezitshalweni zekhukhamba:

Faka umanyolo ohlangothini oluqhele ngamasentimitha angu-1.5 ukusuka eziqwini zezitshalo

Nisela kahle ngemva kokufaka umanyolo owomile

Gwema umanyolo one-nitrogen ephezulu ngesikhathi sokuthela izithelo, okukhuthaza ukukhula kwamaqabunga ngokweqile ngenxa yokungakhiqizi izithelo.

Cabanga ngokusebenzisa ezinye izindlela zemvelo njengetiye lomquba, i-emulsion yezinhlanzi, noma umquba obolile kahle

Faka ungqimba lomquba phakathi nesizini njengesikhuthazo semvelo somanyolo

Isexwayiso: Ukufaka umanyolo ngokweqile kungaholela emaqabungeni aluhlaza kodwa kukhiqize izithelo ezingezinhle. Landela njalo imiyalelo yephakheji bese uphambuka kokuncane kunokuningi lapho usebenzisa umanyolo.

Ipayipi lokunisela ngamaconsi ukunisela umugqa wezitshalo zekhukhamba ezinempilo engadini enamaqabunga aluhlaza, izimbali eziphuzi, kanye nomhlabathi omanzi. Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

I-Trellising kanye Nezinhlelo Zokusekela

Imivini yekhukhamba ichuma ohlelweni lwe-trellis oluqondile

Nakuba izitshalo zekhukhamba zingakhula phansi, ukuziqeqesha ukuthi zikhule ziqonde phezulu ezisekelweni noma kwezinye izinhlelo zokusekela kunikeza izinzuzo eziningi. Ukukhula ziqonde phezulu kusindisa isikhala, kuthuthukisa ukujikeleza komoya, kunciphisa ukucindezeleka kwezifo, kwenza ukuvuna kube lula, futhi kukhiqize izithelo eziqondile nezihlanzekile.

Izinketho ze-Trellis

Cabanga ngalezi zindlela ezisebenzayo zokubopha izitshalo zakho zekhukhamba:

I-A-Frame Trellis

Amaphaneli amabili ancika ndawonye ukuze akhe isimo esingu-A. Izitshalo zikhula zombili izinhlangothi, kwandisa isikhala. Kuhle kakhulu emigqeni yengadi noma emibhedeni.

Iphaneli Yocingo I-Trellis

Ucingo olusetshenziswe kabusha noma amaphaneli ezinkomo aboshwe ezinsikeni. Ahlala isikhathi eside futhi angasekela imithwalo enzima yamakhukhamba. Asebenza kahle emigqeni emide.

I-String Trellis

Izintambo eziqondile ezixhunywe ekusekelweni okuvundlile. Azibizi futhi zingenziwa ngezifiso. Kungcono kakhulu kuma-vine alula nezindawo ezivikelwe.

I-Trellis Yokunetha

Inethi yepulasitiki noma ye-nylon enwetshiwe phakathi kwezisekelo. Kulula ukuyifaka nokuyigcina. Ilungele izingadi ezincane nezinhlobo zekhukhamba ezilula.

Ukusekelwa Kwezinhlobo Zezihlahla

Ngisho nezinhlobo zezihlahla ezincane ziyazuza ngokusekelwa okuthile:

Amakheji katamatisi: Amakheji katamatisi amancane anikeza ukwesekwa okwanele kwezinhlobo zamakhukhamba asehlathini

Uthango Oluphansi: Uthango oluyimitha engu-2-3 lungasiza ukugcina izitshalo ziqonde

Izindandatho Zezigxobo: Izindandatho zensimbi ezinezigxobo zingaqukatha futhi zisekele izinhlobo zezihlahla

Ukuqeqesha Imivini Yamakhukhamba

Landela lezi zinyathelo ukuze uqeqeshe kahle imivini yekhukhamba ngezisekelo:

Faka uhlelo lwakho lokusekela olukhethile ngaphambi noma ngokushesha ngemva kokutshala ukuze ugweme ukulimala kwezimpande.

Uma imivini ifinyelela amasentimitha angu-6-8 ubude, yiqondise ngobumnene endaweni yokusekela.

Izitshalo zekhukhamba zinezithombo ezizonamathela ngokwemvelo ezisekelweni, kodwa isiqondiso sokuqala siyasiza.

Ngezinhlelo zezintambo noma zenethi, kungadingeka ubophe imivini ngokukhululekile ekusekeleni kuze kube yilapho amahlumela enamathela.

Hlola izitshalo masonto onke bese uqondisa noma yimiphi imivini ephambukile emuva ekusekelweni.

Ngezinhlobo zezithelo ezisindayo, cabanga ngokusebenzisa imichilo yendwangu noma izibopho zezitshalo ukusekela amagatsha anezithelo.

Izitshalo zekhukhamba zikhuphuka esihlahleni sentambo eluhlaza engadini evundile Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Izinambuzane Ezivamile Nezifo ezinezixazululo ze-Organic

I-cucumber beetle eqabungeni le-cucumber elizungezwe ugalikhi, umhlaba we-diatomaceous, kanye ne-straw mulch Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Ukulimala kwe-cucumber beetle kanye nezindlela zokulawula izinto eziphilayo

Ukhukhamba ungabhekana nezinselele eziningana zezinambuzane nezifo ngesikhathi sokukhula. Ukuhlonza izinkinga kusenesikhathi nokusebenzisa izindlela zokulawula izinto eziphilayo kungasiza ekugcineni izitshalo ziphilile kanye nesivuno esiningi.

Izinambuzane Ezivamile Zamakhukhamba

Amabhungane ekhukhamba

Amabhungane anemigqa noma amabala aphuzi namnyama adla amaqabunga, iziqu kanye nezimbali. Angadlulisela ukubuna kwamagciwane.

Izinketho zokwelapha:

• Izembozo zemigqa kuze kube yilapho iqhakaza
• Izicupho ezinamathelayo eziphuzi
• Isifutho samafutha e-neem
• Ngenisa izinambuzane ezizuzisayo njengezinambuzane zabesifazane

Izintwala

Izinambuzane ezincane eziluhlaza okotshani, ezimnyama, noma ezimhlophe eziqoqene ngaphansi kwamaqabunga. Zibangela amaqabunga agobile, asontekile kanye nezinsalela ezinamathelayo.

Izinketho zokwelapha:

• Isifutho esinamandla samanzi ukuze sichithe
• Insipho yokubulala izinambuzane
• Uwoyela we-neem
• Izimbungulu kanye nama-lacewings njengezilwane ezidla ezinye

Izibungu zesicabucabu

Amachashaza amancane emaqabunga, ulwelwesi oluncane, kanye namaqabunga aphuzi. Avame kakhulu ezimweni ezishisayo nezomile.

Izinketho zokwelapha:

• Ukufiphaza njalo kwezitshalo
• Insipho yokubulala izinambuzane
• Uwoyela we-neem
• Izibungu ezidla ezinye izilwane

Izimbungulu ze-Squash

Izimbungulu ezimpunga-nsundu, eziyisicaba emhlane ezimunca ujusi wezitshalo. Zibangela ukubuna kanye namabala aphuzi emaqabunga.

Izinketho zokwelapha:

• Khetha bese ubhubhisa amaqanda nabantu abadala ngesandla
• Umhlaba we-diatomaceous ozungeze izitshalo
• Izitshalo ezibanjiwe njenge-squash
• Izembozo zemigqa kuze kube yilapho iqhakaza

Izifo Ezivamile Zamakhukhamba

I-Powdery Mildew

Amabala amhlophe ayimpuphu emaqabunga asakazeka amboze yonke indawo. Anciphisa i-photosynthesis futhi akhiqize.

Izinketho zokwelapha:

• Isifutho sobisi (isilinganiso esingu-1:9 sobisi emanzini)
• Isifutho se-baking soda (isipuni esingu-1 ngegaloni lamanzi namaconsi ambalwa ensipho)
• Uwoyela we-neem
• Isikhala esifanele sokujikeleziswa komoya

Ukubuna Kwamagciwane

Ukubuna okungazelelwe kwemivini engalulami ngokunisela. Kudluliselwa yizimbungulu zekhukhamba.

Izinketho zokwelapha:

• Lawula amabhungane ekhukhamba
• Susa futhi ubhubhise izitshalo ezithelelekile
• Izinhlobo ezimelana nezitshalo
• Zungezisa izitshalo

I-Downy Mildew

Amabala aphuzi anombala onsomi ebusweni bamaqabunga angaphezulu anokukhula okumpunga okumpunga ngaphansi.

• Ama-fungicide ethusi (avunyelwe yi-organic)
• Isikhala esifanele
• Ukunisela ekuseni ukuze amaqabunga ome
• Susa amaqabunga athelelekile

I-Angular Leaf Spot

Amabala ajiyile acwiliswe ngamanzi emaqabunga aphenduka abe nsundu futhi angase awe, ashiye imigodi.

Izinketho zokwelapha:

• Ama-fungicides asekelwe ethusi
• Gwema ukuchelela phezulu
• Ukujikeleza kwezitshalo
• Susa imfucumfucu yezitshalo ekupheleni kwesizini

Izindlela Zokuvimbela

Sebenzisa le mikhuba ukunciphisa izinkinga zezinambuzane nezifo:

• Zijwayeze ukushintshanisa izitshalo, ugweme ukutshala ukhukhamba endaweni efanayo iminyaka emi-3-4
• Khetha izinhlobo ezimelana nezifo uma zitholakala
• Sebenzisa izembozo zemigqa kuze kube yilapho kuqhakaza izimbali ukuvikela izitshalo ezincane
• Tshala izitshalo ezihambisana nezitshalo ezifana ne-marigolds, i-nasturtiums, kanye ne-radishes ukuze uxoshe izinambuzane
• Gcina isikhala esifanele sokugeleza komoya okuhle
• Nisela phansi kwezitshalo, ugcine amahlamvu omile
• Susa futhi ucekele phansi impahla yezitshalo ezigulayo ngokushesha
• Hlanza amathuluzi engadini phakathi kokusetshenziswa ukuze uvimbele ukusabalala kwezifo

Amathiphu Okuvuna kanye Nezinkomba Zesikhathi

Ukuvuna kahle ukhukhamba ngokusika esikhundleni sokukhipha emvinini

Ukwazi ukuthi uzovuna nini futhi kanjani ukhukhamba kubalulekile ukuze uthole ukunambitheka okuhle nokuqhubeka nokukhiqizwa. Ukhukhamba lukhula ngokushesha futhi kufanele luvunwe njalo ukuze kukhuthazwe isitshalo ukuthi sikhiqize izithelo eziningi.

Isikhathi Sokuvuna

Isikhathi sokuvuna sincike kuhlobo lwekhukhamba kanye nokusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe:

Okubalulekile: Ungavumeli ukhukhamba ukuthi avuthwe ngokweqile emvinini. Ukhukhamba ovuthiwe ngokweqile uveza imbewu eqina, isikhumba esiqina, kanye nenyama ebabayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukushiya ukhukhamba ovuthiwe emvinini kubonisa ukuthi isitshalo sehlisa isivinini sokukhiqiza.

Indlela Yokuvuna

Landela lawa masu okuvuna ikhukhamba ngendlela efanele:

Sebenzisa izikele ezihlanzekile nezibukhali noma izikele zokuthena ukuze usike ikhukhamba emvinini.

Shiya isiqu esifushane (cishe i-1/4 intshi) sinamathele kukhukhamba.

Gwema ukudonsa noma ukusonta izithelo emvinini, okungalimaza isitshalo.

Vuna ekuseni lapho amazinga okushisa epholile ukuze uthole amakhukhamba aqine kakhulu.

Phatha ngobumnene ukuze ugweme ukulimaza isikhumba esibucayi.

Hlola izitshalo njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-1-2 ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza okuphezulu.

Izandla zisebenzisa izikere zokuthena ukuze zivune ukhukhamba oluvuthiwe emvinini oluhlaza okotshani Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Ukukhulisa Isivuno

Ukukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa okuqhubekayo phakathi nenkathi yokukhula:

Vuna njalo, noma ngabe kufanele ulahle noma uhlanganise ukhukhamba omningi

Gcina izitshalo ziniselwa kahle, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuthela izithelo

Faka umquba ohlangothini phakathi nesizini

Susa noma yiziphi izithelo ezonakele noma ezigulayo ngokushesha

Cabanga ngokutshala izitshalo ezintsha ngokulandelana (ukuqala izitshalo ezintsha njalo emavikini ama-2-3) ukuze uthole isivuno esiqhubekayo

Ukhukhamba wobukhulu obuhlukahlukene ubekwe phezu kokhuni ukuze ubonise izigaba zokuvuna ezifanele kakhulu Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Izindlela Zokugcina Nokulondoloza

Ukhukhamba olufakwe emanzini abilisiwe ngezitayela ezahlukene: i-dill, isinkwa nebhotela, kanye nemikhonto

Ngemva kokuvuna amakhukhamba akho, izindlela ezifanele zokugcina nokulondoloza zizokusiza ukuthi ujabulele isivuno sakho isikhathi eside. Amakhukhamba amasha ahlala isikhathi esifushane eshalofini, kodwa ngamasu afanele, ungawandisa ukusebenza kwawo.

Isitoreji Esisha

Ukugcina ukhukhamba omusha isikhathi esifushane:

Ukuqandisa: Gcina amakhukhamba angagezwanga edroweni elicwebezelayo lesiqandisi ku-45-50°F (7-10°C)

Ukugoqa: Songa ukhukhamba ngamunye ngamathawula ephepha noma ubeke esikhwameni sepulasitiki esinezimbobo ukuze ugcine umswakama ngaphandle komswakama owedlulele

Ukuzihlukanisa: Gcina ukhukhamba kude nezithelo ezikhiqiza i-ethylene njengotamatisi, ubhanana, nama-melon, okusheshisa ukubola

Ubude: Amakhukhamba agcinwe kahle azohlala izinsuku ezingu-7-10 esiqandisini

Ukusetshenziswa Okungaphelele: Kumakhukhamba asikiwe, mboza ingxenye eveziwe ngeplastiki bese uyisebenzisa zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-1-2

Izindlela Zokukha

Ukukhahlela kuyindlela ethandwa kakhulu yokugcina ukhukhamba ukuze ugcinwe isikhathi eside:

Ama-Pickle Efrijini Asheshayo

Akudingeki ukugalela emanzini; gcina esiqandisini kuze kufike ezinyangeni ezimbili:

Geza bese usika ukhukhamba (imikhonto, ama-chips, noma wonke ukuze uthole izinhlobo ezincane zokukhukha).

Faka ezitsheni ezihlanzekile nezinongo ozifunayo (idili, ugalikhi, upelepele, njll.).

Bilisa uviniga, amanzi, usawoti kanye noshukela (uma uthanda).

Thela i-brine eshisayo phezu kwamakhukhamba, ushiye isikhala sekhanda esingu-1/2 intshi.

Vala ngezivalo bese ubeka efrijini okungenani amahora angama-24 ngaphambi kokudla.

Ukufaka Amathini Ebhavu Lamanzi

Ama-pickle aqinile ahlala iminyaka eyi-1-2:

Lungisa ukhukhamba kanye ne-brine njengoba kufanele ukwenze efrijini.

Sebenzisa amabhodlela afanele okufaka emathinini, izivalo ezintsha, kanye namasongo.

Cubungula amabhodlela agcwele ngamanzi abilayo (imizuzu eyi-10 ngamaphayinti, imizuzu eyi-15 ngamalitha).

Susa amabhodlela bese uwavumela ukuthi aphole ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka amahora angama-24.

Hlola izimbobo bese uzigcina endaweni epholile, emnyama.

Amakhukhamba aqandisayo

Nakuba kungalungile ngenxa yokushintsha kokuthungwa, ukhukhamba ungaqandiswa ukuze usetshenziswe ngendlela ethile:

Izingcezu zekhukhamba: Ziqandisise ngesendlalelo esisodwa ephepheni lokubhaka, bese uzidlulisela ezikhwameni zefriji (ezisetshenziswa kangcono kuma-smoothie noma ezitsheni eziphekiwe)

I-Cucumber Puree: Hlanganisa ukhukhamba bese uqandisa emathileyi e-ice cube ukuze ungeze kuma-smoothies noma amasobho abandayo.

Ama-Water Cubes Afakwe: Faka izingcezu zekhukhamba emanzini emathileyi e-ice cube ukuze uthole iziphuzo ezinongiwe

Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni

Ama-chips ekhukhamba angenamanzi enza ukudla okulula okuqinile nokunempilo:

Sika ukhukhamba ube yi-1/8 kuya ku-1/4 intshi ubukhulu.

Ongakukhetha: Cwilisa emanzini anosawoti amahora angu-1-2 ukuze kube mnandi kakhulu, bese uyomisa.

Hlela ngesendlalelo esisodwa kumathreyi e-dehydrator.

Khipha amanzi ku-135°F (57°C) amahora angu-6-8 kuze kube yilapho kuqinile.

Gcina ezitsheni ezingangeni moya kuze kube yizinyanga eziyisi-6.

Amabhodlela amabili engilazi amakhukhamba asanda kuhlungwa ane-dill, igalikhi, nezinongo phezu kwendawo yokhuni yasemaphandleni. Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Ukuxazulula Izinkinga Ezivamile Ezikhulayo

Ukuqhathanisa okubonakalayo: isitshalo sikakhukhamba esinempilo (kwesobunxele) uma kuqhathaniswa nesitshalo esinezinkinga ezivamile (kwesokudla)

Ngisho nabalimi abanolwazi ngezinye izikhathi bahlangabezana nezinselele lapho betshala ukhukhamba. Ukuhlonza nokulungisa izinkinga kusenesikhathi kungasiza ekusindiseni isivuno sakho futhi kuthuthukise isivuno sesikhathi esizayo.

Kungani izitshalo zami zekhukhamba ziqhakaza kodwa zingakhiqizi izithelo?

Le nkinga evamile inezimbangela eziningana ezingaba khona:

• Ukuthuthwa Kwempova Okubi: Amakhukhamba adinga ukuthuthwa kwempova kwezinambuzane. Uma amakhukhamba entula, zama ukuthuthwa kwempova ngesandla ngokudlulisa impova kusuka ezimbalini zesilisa (lezo ezingenayo ikhukhamba elincane ngemuva kwazo) kuya ezimbalini zesifazane usebenzisa ibhulashi elincane.
• Izinga Lokushisa Eliphakeme Kakhulu: Izinga lokushisa elingaphezu kuka-90°F (32°C) noma ngaphansi kuka-55°F (13°C) lingaphazamisa ukuthuthwa kwempova kanye nokuqoqwa kwezithelo. Nikeza umthunzi ngesikhathi sokushisa okukhulu.
• Ubuningi be-nitrogen: Umanyolo we-nitrogen omningi ukhuthaza amaqabunga aluhlaza ngenxa yokukhiqizwa kwezithelo. Shintshela kumanyolo we-phosphorus ophansi.
• Isikhathi: Izimbali zesilisa zivame ukuvela amasonto angu-1-2 ngaphambi kwezimbali zesifazane. Yiba nesineke futhi uqhubeke nokunakekelwa okufanele.

Kungani izithelo zami zekhukhamba zibaba?

Ukubaba kumakhukhamba kubangelwa amakhemikhali abizwa ngokuthi ama-cucurbitacins, akhula ngaphansi kwezimo zokucindezeleka:

• Ukucindezeleka Kwamanzi: Ukunisela okungaguquki yimbangela evame kakhulu. Gcina umswakama wenhlabathi ulingana.
• Ukucindezeleka Kokushisa: Ukushisa okuphezulu isikhathi eside kungandisa ubumuncu. Nikeza umthunzi wantambama ezindaweni ezishisayo.
• Izinhlobo Ezihlukahlukene: Ezinye izinhlobo zibaba kakhulu ngokwemvelo kunezinye. Zama izinhlobo "ezingenazimbobo" ukuze zingabi kakhulu.
• Ukuvuna: Ukhukhamba ovuthiwe ngokweqile uvame ukuba muncu kakhulu. Vuna ngobukhulu obufanele.

Qaphela: Ukubaba kuvame ukugxila ekugcineni kwesiqu kanye nesikhumba. Ukuhlubula nokususa ukuphela kwesiqu kuvame ukusiza.

Kungani izithelo zami zekhukhamba zigobile noma zibunjiwe ngendlela engafanele?

Kunezici eziningana ezingabangela ukwakheka okungajwayelekile kwekhukhamba:

• Ukuthuthwa Kwempova Okubi: Ukuthuthwa kwempova okungaphelele kuholela ezithelweni ezikhule kancane. Khuthaza abathuthwayo noma ukuthuthwa ngesandla.
• Ukunisela Okungaguquguquki: Ukuguquguquka komswakama wenhlabathi kubangela ukukhula okungalingani. Nisela njalo.
• Ukuntuleka Kwezakhamzimba: Ikakhulukazi ukuntuleka kwe-calcium noma i-boron. Cabanga ngokuhlolwa okulinganiselwe komanyolo noma inhlabathi.
• Ukuminyana: Ukhukhamba ludinga isikhala ukuze lukhule kahle. Nciphisa izitshalo futhi unikeze isikhala esanele.
• Indawo Yokukhula: Ukhukhamba olukhula phansi noma izithiyo zingase zigobe. Ukugoba kusiza ukukhiqiza izithelo eziqondile.

Kungani amaqabunga ami ekhukhamba ephenduka abe phuzi?

Amaqabunga aphuzi (i-chlorosis) angabonisa izinkinga eziningana:

• Ukuntuleka Kwezakhamzimba: Ikakhulukazi i-nitrogen, i-magnesium, noma i-iron. Faka umanyolo ofanele ngokusekelwe ezimpawini.
• Ukunisela ngokweqile: Inhlabathi emanzi iholela ezinkingeni zezimpande kanye nokuphuzi kwamaqabunga. Qinisekisa ukuthi amanzi ayaphuma kahle.
• Isifo: I-Downy mildew, i-bacterial wilt, noma i-cucumber mosaic virus ingabangela ukuphuzi. Thola isifo esithile ukuze uthole ukwelashwa okufanele.
• Umonakalo Wezinambuzane: Izimbuzane zesicabucabu kanye nama-aphid kungabangela ukuphuzi. Hlola izinhlangothi ezingezansi zamaqabunga ukuze ubone ukuthi azinazo yini izinambuzane.
• Ukuguga Ngokwemvelo: Amaqabunga aphansi aphuzi ngokwemvelo njengoba izitshalo zikhula. Akukhathazeki uma kuthinta amaqabunga amadala aphansi kuphela.

Kungani izithombo zami zekhukhamba zifa ngokushesha ngemva kokuhluma?

Ukwehluleka kwezithombo kuvame ukubangelwa yi:

• Ukudambisa: Isifo sesikhunta esibangela ukuthi iziqu ziwe phansi ezingeni lomhlabathi. Vimbela ngokujikeleza komoya okufanele, gwema ukunisela ngokweqile, bese usebenzisa ingxube yokuqalisa imbewu engenamagciwane.
• Umhlabathi/Umoya Obandayo: Amakhukhamba adinga izimo ezifudumele ukuze akhule kahle. Linda kuze kube yilapho amazinga okushisa enhlabathi efika okungenani ku-65°F (18°C).
• Umonakalo Wezinambuzane: Izinambuzane ezikhula emahlathini, ama-slugs, noma ama-cucumber beetle zingase zihlasele izithombo ezincane. Sebenzisa amakhola avikelayo azungeze iziqu kanye nokulawula okufanele kwemvelo.
• Umanyolo Oweqile: Umanyolo omningi ungashisa izithombo. Sebenzisa isisombululo esixutshwe namanzi ezitshalweni ezincane.

Icebiso Lejenali Yengadi: Gcina ijenali yengadi ukuze ulandelele izinsuku zokutshala, izinhlobo, izimo zezulu, kanye nanoma yiziphi izinkinga ohlangabezana nazo. Lolu lwazi lubaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni impumelelo yakho yokukhulisa ukhukhamba ezinkathini ezizayo.

Isithombe esiseceleni kwesitshalo sekhukhamba esinempilo kanye nesinye esinamaqabunga aphuzi, amabala, kanye nokukhula okukhungathekile. Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Isiphetho

Isivuno esizuzisayo samakhukhamba akhule ekhaya

Ukutshala ukhukhamba wakho kuyisipiliyoni esivuzayo esihlinzeka ngemikhiqizo emisha nemnandi kuyo yonke inkathi yokukhula. Ngokulandela iziqondiso ezikulesi siqondiso esiphelele—kusukela ekukhetheni izinhlobo ezifanele kuya ekutshalweni okufanele, ekunakekelweni, nasekuvuneni—uzobe uhlomele kahle ukukhulisa isivuno sekhukhamba esiphumelelayo engadini yakho yasekhaya.

Khumbula ukuthi ukulima kuyisayensi kanye nobuciko. Isikhathi ngasinye sokulima siletha amathuba amasha okufunda kanye namathuba okuthuthukisa amasu akho. Ungadikibali ngenxa yokwehluleka ngezikhathi ezithile; kunalokho, kubheke njengezifundo ezibalulekile ezizokwenza ube ngumlimi onekhono kakhudlwana.

Ngenxa yomjikelezo wawo wokukhula okusheshayo kanye nesivuno esikhulu, ukhukhamba luyisinqumo esihle kakhulu kokubili kubalimi abasaqalayo kanye nabanolwazi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyawajabulela emisha kumasaladi, wenza ama-pickle enziwe ekhaya, noma wabelana ngesivuno sakho esiningi nabangani nomakhelwane, ukhukhamba olukhule ekhaya lunikeza ukunambitheka kwehlobo okungenakuqhathaniswa nezinhlobo ezithengwa esitolo.

Izinhlobo ezahlukene zekhukhamba ezisanda kuvunwa engadini yasekhaya, eziboniswa okhunini lwasemaphandleni Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Ukufunda Okuqhubekayo

Uma ukujabulele lokhu okuthunyelwe, ungaphinda uthande lezi ziphakamiso:

• Ukutshala Ubhontshisi Oluhlaza: Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Wabalimi Basemakhaya
• Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Wokukhulisa Amagilebhisi Engadini Yakho Yasekhaya
• Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Wokukhulisa Ama-guava Ekhaya