Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Wokukhulisa Ama-Kiwi Ekhaya

Ukuqhathaniswa okuhlangene kwama-kiwi ansundu acwebezelayo nama-kiwiberry aluhlaza abushelelezi, okuhlanganisa izithelo eziphelele nezingcezu eziqoshiwe ezibonisa inyama eluhlaza ekhanyayo nembewu emnyama phezu kokhuni oluluhlaza. Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Uma wake wajabulela ukunambitheka okumnandi kwe-kiwifruit esitolo sokudla, cabanga ngokuvuna lezi zindawo zokudla ezinempilo egcekeni lakho. Lo mhlahlandlela ophelele uzokuqondisa kukho konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nokukhetha, ukutshala, nokunakekela imivini ye-kiwi ukuqinisekisa isivuno esiphumelelayo.

Izinhlobo Zezitshalo Ze-Kiwi: Ukukhetha Uhlobo Olufanele

Ngaphambi kokutshala ama-kiwi, kubalulekile ukuqonda izinhlobo ezahlukene ezitholakalayo nokuthi yiziphi ezizokhula kahle esifundeni sakho. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zezitshalo zama-kiwi ezifanelekela izingadi zasekhaya:

I-Kiwifruit Engaqondakali (Actinidia deliciosa)

Lena yi-kiwi ensundu, enesikhumba esifiphele evame ukutholakala ezitolo zokudla. Lezi zithelo ezilingana neqanda zinenyama eluhlaza okotshani kanye nembewu emnyama. Izici ezibalulekile zifaka:

• Izithelo ezinkulu (3-4 inches ubude)
• Kudinga isimo sezulu esifudumele (izindawo ze-USDA 7-9)
• Kudingeka izinsuku ezingama-225-240 ezingenaqhwa
• Ayiqini kakhulu emakhazeni (yonakele ngaphansi kuka-10°F)
• Izinhlobo ezidumile: 'Hayward', 'Vincent', 'Jenny' (ezivundisayo)
• Ngokuvamile kuthatha iminyaka emi-3-5 ukukhiqiza izithelo

I-Hardy Kiwi noma Kiwiberries (Actinidia arguta)

Lezi zikhiqiza izithelo ezincane, ezinobukhulu bamagilebhisi ezinesikhumba esibushelelezi nesidliwayo. Zibekezelela ukubanda kakhulu futhi zivumelana nezimo ezindaweni ezahlukene. Izici ezibalulekile zifaka:

• Izithelo ezincane (1-2 inches ubude)
• Iqine kakhulu futhi iqine (izindawo 4-9, kuya ku--25°F)
• Isikhumba esibushelelezi nesidliwayo (akudingeki ukuhlubuka)
• Ukunambitheka okumnandi, okunamandla okuvame ukuchazwa njengokwezindawo ezishisayo
• Izinhlobo ezidumile: 'Ananasnaya' (Anna), 'Ken's Red', 'Issai' (i-self-fertile)
• I-Arctic kiwi (Actinidia kolomikta) iqine kakhulu (kuya ku--40°F)

Izidingo Zesimo Sezulu: Ukuthola Indawo Yakho Yokukhulisa Ama-Kiwi

Imephu ye-USDA hardiness zone eqokomisa izindawo ezifanele ukutshala izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-kiwi

Ukuqonda isimo sezulu sakho kubalulekile ekutshalweni kwe-kiwi okuphumelelayo. Nakuba ama-kiwi evame ukuhlotshaniswa nezindawo ezishisayo, izinhlobo ezahlukene zingachuma ezindaweni eziningi zokukhula ngokunakekelwa okufanele.

Izindawo Zokushisa Nokuqina

• I-Fuzzy Kiwifruit (i-Actinidia deliciosa): Ifaneleka kakhulu ezindaweni ze-USDA 7-9, lezi zitshalo zidinga amazinga okushisa afudumele kanye nezinkathi zokukhula ezinde. Zingonakaliswa amazinga okushisa angaphansi kuka-10°F.
• I-Hardy Kiwi (i-Actinidia arguta): Iyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kakhulu, ikhula kahle ezindaweni ezingu-4-9. Ingakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa asebusika angaphansi kuka-25°F uma ilala ngokuphelele.
• I-Arctic Kiwi (i-Actinidia kolomikta): Uhlobo olubekezelela kakhulu ukubanda, olusinda ezindaweni ezingu-3-7 ngamazinga okushisa afinyelela ku--40°F.

Imephu ye-USDA hardiness zone yase-United States ekhombisa izindawo ezinemibala lapho izinhlobo ze-kiwi eziqinile, ezi-Arctic, ezi-fuzzy, nezishisayo zingatshalwa khona. Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Izidingo Zokukhanya kwelanga

Zonke izinhlobo ze-kiwi zidinga ilanga eligcwele kuya emthunzini ongaphelele ukuze zikhule kahle futhi zikhiqize izithelo. Zibekele okungenani amahora angu-6-8 okukhanya kwelanga okuqondile nsuku zonke. Ezindaweni ezishisayo, umthunzi othile ntambama ungaba usizo ekuvimbeleni ukusha kwamaqabunga.

Ukuvikelwa Eqhweni Nasemoyeni

Nakuba izitshalo ze-kiwi ezilele ziqinile uma zibanda, ukukhula kwazo kwentwasahlobo kusengozini enkulu yokulimala yiqhwa. Amahlumela amancane angabulawa imizuzu engama-30 kuphela yokuchayeka emazingeni okushisa angama-30°F noma ngaphansi. Ukuvikela izitshalo zakho:

• Gwema ukutshala ezindaweni ezibandayo noma ezindaweni eziphansi lapho umoya obandayo uqoqana khona
• Tshala emathafeni abheke enyakatho ezindaweni ezibandayo ukuze ubambezele ukuqhakaza kwentwasahlobo ekuqaleni
• Sebenzisa izembozo zemigqa noma indwangu yesithwathwa ukuvikela amahlumela amancane ngesikhathi sesithwathwa sasentwasahlobo
• Khetha indawo evikelekile evikelwe emimoyeni enamandla engalimaza imivini nezithelo

Ukulungiswa Kwenhlabathi: Ukudala Imvelo Ekhulayo Ephelele

Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi efanele ngezinto eziphilayo kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-pH kubalulekile ukuze i-kiwi iphumelele

Izitshalo ze-Kiwi ziyizitshalo ezihlala isikhathi eside ezingakhiqiza iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20, okwenza ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi okufanele ngaphambi kokutshala kubaluleke kakhulu empumelelweni yesikhathi eside. Ukuzinika isikhathi sokudala indawo efanele yokukhulisa kuzoletha izinzuzo empilweni yezitshalo kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezithelo.

Izici Zomhlabathi Ezifanele

• I-pH Yomhlabathi: Ama-Kiwi athanda inhlabathi ene-acid encane kune-neutral ene-pH ephakathi kuka-5.5 no-7.0. Hlola inhlabathi yakho ngaphambi kokutshala bese ulungisa njengoba kudingeka.
• Uhlobo Lomhlabathi: Inhlabathi ekhipha amanzi kahle, evundile enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezinto eziphilayo ilungele kahle. Inhlabathi ye-sandy loam noma ye-clay loam isebenza kahle.
• Ukugeleza kwamanzi: Ukugeleza kwamanzi okuhle kubalulekile njengoba izimpande ze-kiwi zingase zibole uma zigcwele amanzi. Itafula lamanzi kufanele libe ngaphansi kwenhlabathi okungenani ngamamitha angu-2-3.

Ukuhlolwa Kwenhlabathi Nokushintshwa Kwayo

Ngaphambi kokutshala, qoqa amasampula enhlabathi kusuka phezulu ngamasentimitha angu-12-18 bese uwahlola ngochwepheshe. Lokhu kuzoveza amazinga e-pH kanye nezakhamzimba zenhlabathi yakho, okukuvumela ukuthi wenze izinguquko eziqondiwe:

• Uma i-pH yenhlabathi ingaphansi kuka-5.5 (i-acidic kakhulu), faka i-dolomitic limestone kumakhilogremu angu-5-10 ngamafidi ayizikwele ayi-100.
• Uma i-pH yenhlabathi ingaphezu kuka-7.0 (i-alkaline kakhulu), engeza i-elemental sulfur (amakhilogremu angu-1-6 ngamafidi ayizikwele angu-100 kuye ngohlobo lwenhlabathi).
• Faka amasentimitha angu-2-3 omquba, umquba osemdala, noma ezinye izinto eziphilayo ukuze uthuthukise isakhiwo senhlabathi kanye nokuzala.
• Uma ufuna inhlabathi yobumba enzima, engeza izinto eziphilayo ezengeziwe bese ucabanga ngokudala imibhede ephakanyisiwe ukuze uthuthukise ukugeleza kwamanzi.

Umlimi efaka umquba enhlabathini futhi ehlola i-pH ngenkathi elungiselela umbhede wensimu wemivini ye-kiwi. Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Inqubo Yokutshala: Ukusetha Imivini Yakho Ye-Kiwi Ukuze Uphumelele

Indlela efanele yokutshala enesikhala esanele kanye nokufakwa kwesakhiwo esisekelayo

Ukutshala imivini ye-kiwi ngendlela efanele kubalulekile empilweni yabo yesikhathi eside kanye nokukhiqiza. Lezi zihlahla ezikhula ngokushesha zidinga isikhala esifanele, ukwesekwa, kanye nokunakekelwa kokuqala ukuze zikhule kahle.

Nini Ukutshala

Tshala imivini ye-kiwi ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngemuva kokuba ingozi yesithwathwa esinzima isidlulile kodwa ngaphambi kokuba kufike isimo sezulu esishisayo. Lokhu kunikeza izitshalo isikhathi sokukhula ngaphambi kokushisa kwehlobo noma ukubanda kwasebusika. Ezifundeni eziningi, lokhu kusho ukutshala phakathi kukaMashi noMeyi.

Isikhala Nokusekelwa

Imivini ye-Kiwi ingabalimi abanamandla abadinga isikhala esikhulu kanye nezakhiwo eziqinile zokusekela:

• Izitshalo zasemkhathini eziqhelelene ngamafidi angu-10-15 ngemigqa
• Vumela okungenani amamitha angu-15 phakathi kwemigqa uma utshala imigqa eminingi
• Faka i-trellis eqinile, i-pergola, noma i-arbor ngaphambi noma ngesikhathi sokutshala
• Izakhiwo zokusekela kufanele okungenani zibe ngamafidi angu-6-7 ubude futhi zikwazi ukuthwala isisindo esikhulu

Isinyathelo Ngesinyathelo Imiyalelo yokutshala

1. Bamba umgodi obanzi kabili kunebhola lempande futhi ujule ngokwanele ukuze uvumelane nezimpande.
2. Uma utshala imivini engenazimpande, yakha indunduma encane phakathi nomgodi bese usakaze izimpande phezu kwayo.
3. Ezitshalweni ezikhuliswe esitsheni, susa isitshalo kancane bese ukhulula noma yiziphi izimpande ezizungezile.
4. Beka isitshalo emgodini onesiqu (lapho isiqu sihlangana khona nezimpande) ezingeni lomhlabathi noma ngaphezulu kancane.
5. Gcwalisa ngenhlabathi exutshwe nomquba, uqinise kancane ukuze ususe amaphakethe omoya.
6. Nisela kahle ngemva kokutshala ukuze umhlabathi uqine eduze kwezimpande.
7. Faka ungqimba lwe-mulch oluyi-intshi ezingu-2-3 nxazonke zesitshalo, usigcine siqhele ngamasentimitha ambalwa ukusuka esiqwini.
8. Sika isivini esisanda kutshalwa sibe amahlumela amabili kuya kwamathathu ukuze ukhuthaze ukukhula okuqinile kokuqala.

Isithombe semiyalelo esinamaphaneli ayisithupha esibonisa indlela yokutshala umvini we-kiwi, okuhlanganisa imigodi yokuhlukanisa, ukumba kuze kujule kahle, ukufaka umquba, ukutshala umvini, ukunisela, nokuwubopha esisekelweni se-trellis. Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Izinketho Zesakhiwo Sokusekela

Imivini ye-Kiwi idinga izinhlelo zokusekela eziqinile ezingakwazi ukubhekana nesisindo sayo futhi zenze kube lula ukuqeqeshwa nokuthenwa okufanele:

I-T-Bar Trellis

• Izigxobo zibekwe ngamafidi angu-15-20 zihlukaniswe ngamafidi angu-4-5
• Izintambo zigijima eduze kwezandla ukuze zisekele izingodo ezithela izithelo
• Kuhle kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwezentengiselwano kanye nokuthena okuhleliwe
• Ivumela ukuqeqeshwa okuhlelekile kwama-cordon kanye nezinduku ezithela izithelo

I-Pergola noma i-Arbor

• Inketho ekhangayo yezingadi zasekhaya
• Inikeza umthunzi ngenkathi isekela umthwalo wezithelo osindayo
• Kudinga izinsika eziqinile zekhoneni kanye namalungu awelayo
• Ukuphakama okungenani okungamamitha angu-7-8 ukuhamba ngaphansi

Isithombe sendawo esibonisa izinhlelo eziningi ze-kiwi vine trellis ezihlanganisa i-T-bar, i-A-frame, i-pergola, kanye nezisekelo eziqondile ezinemivini egcwele izithelo engadini yezithelo. Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Izidingo Zokumpontshelwa Impova: Ukuqinisekisa Ukukhiqizwa Kwezithelo

Imbali yesilisa ye-kiwi (kwesobunxele) ene-anthers ekhiqiza impova kanye nembali yesifazane (kwesokudla) ene-pistil ephakathi

Ukuqonda ukuvundiswa kwe-kiwi kubalulekile ekukhiqizeni izithelo ngempumelelo. Ngokungafani nezitshalo eziningi zezithelo, izinhlobo eziningi ze-kiwi zinezitshalo zesilisa nezesifazane ezihlukene (dioecious), okusho ukuthi uzodinga zombili ukuze ukhiqize izithelo.

Izitshalo Zesilisa Nezesifazane

Ezinhlotsheni eziningi ze-kiwi, izitshalo zingabesilisa noma abesifazane:

• Izitshalo zesifazane zikhiqiza izimbali ezine-pistil ekhule kahle (ingxenye yokuzala yesifazane) futhi zizothela izithelo uma zitholwa impova.
• Izitshalo zesilisa zikhiqiza izimbali ezine-stamens ezikhipha impova kodwa zingakhiqizi izithelo ngokwazo.
• Ungahlukanisa ngokuthembekile phakathi kwezitshalo zesilisa nezesifazane lapho ziqhakaza, ngokuvamile ngonyaka wazo wesithathu.

Izilinganiso Zokumpontshelwa Kwembewu Nokubekwa Kwayo

Ukuze kutholakale impova enhle kakhulu kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezithelo:

• Tshala okungenani isivini esisodwa sesilisa kuzo zonke izivini zesifazane ezingu-6-8
• Sakaza izitshalo zesilisa phakathi nokutshala kwakho ukuze uthole impova engcono
• Qinisekisa ukuthi izinhlobo zesilisa nezesifazane ziyaqhakaza ngesikhathi esisodwa
• Tshala abesilisa nabesifazane ngaphakathi kwamamitha angu-15 ukusuka komunye nomunye

Izinhlobo Ezizivundisayo

Uma isikhala sincane, cabanga ngezinhlobo ezizivundisayo ezingadingi izitshalo zesilisa ezihlukene:

• 'Issai' (Actinidia arguta) - I-kiwi eqinile engathela izithelo ngaphandle kwe-pollinator yesilisa
• 'Jenny' (Actinidia deliciosa) - Uhlobo lwe-kiwi oluzivundisayo

Qaphela: Ngisho nezinhlobo ezizivundisayo zivame ukukhiqiza izitshalo ezinkulu uma zixutshwa nesitshalo sesilisa.

Izindlela Zokumpompela

Izimbali ze-Kiwi zivundiswa kakhulu yi:

• Umoya: Impova ithwalwa kusuka ezimbalini zesilisa kuya kwezinsikazi ngemisinga yomoya
• Izinyosi: Izinyosi zoju nezinyosi zomdabu zivakashela izimbali ezinephunga elimnandi bese zidlulisela impova
• Ukuthuthwa kwempova ngesandla: Ezindaweni ezivalekile noma lapho izinto zemvelo zokuthutha impova zingatholakali kalula, ungathuthwa ngesandla ngokudlulisa impova ngebhulashi elincane

Isithombe esikhulu esiseduze esibonisa izimbali ze-kiwi zesilisa nezesifazane eceleni, sigqamisa ama-stamens aphuzi embalini yesilisa kanye ne-ovary eluhlaza ene-stigma efana nenkanyezi embalini yesifazane. Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Ukunisela Nokufaka Umquba: Ukudla Okunomsoco Kokukhula Okunempilo

Ukunisela okufanele ngokunisela ngokuconsa (kwesobunxele) kanye nokufaka umanyolo (kwesokudla) wemivini ye-kiwi

Ukunisela nokufaka umanyolo ngendlela efanele kubalulekile ekukhuleni okunamandla kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezithelo eziningi emivinini ye-kiwi. Lezi zitshalo zinezidingo ezithile zokudla okunempilo ezishintshayo njengoba zivuthwa.

Izidingo Zokunisela

Izitshalo zeKiwi zidinga umswakama oqhubekayo, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokukhula nokukhula kwezithelo:

• Izivini ezisanda kutshalwa: Nisela ngokujulile izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngesonto ngesikhathi sokuqala sokukhula
• Izitshalo ezisunguliwe: Nikeza amasentimitha angu-1-2 amanzi masonto onke ngesikhathi sokukhula
• Izikhathi ezibucayi: Khulisa ukuchelela ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwezimbali, ukuhluma kwezithelo, kanye nokukhula kwezithelo
• Izindlela zokunisela: Ukunisela ngamaconsi noma amapayipi okucwilisa amanzi afaneleka kakhulu njengoba ehambisa amanzi ngqo endaweni yezimpande.

Gada umswakama wenhlabathi njalo bese ulungisa ukuchelela ngokusekelwe emvuleni, izinga lokushisa, kanye nohlobo lomhlabathi. Umgomo uwukugcina umhlabathi umanzi njalo kodwa ungalokothi ugcwale amanzi.

Ukusondelana kwesithako sokunisela nge-drip irrigation esikhipha umanyolo ngaphansi kwemivini ye-kiwi engadini yezithelo ekhanyiswe yilanga. Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Uhlelo Lokuvundisa

Izitshalo zeKiwi zingabalimi abakhuthele abazuza ekuvundisweni njalo, kodwa ziyazwela ekuvundisweni ngokweqile, ikakhulukazi uma zisencane:

Izinhlobo Zomanyolo

Izitshalo zeKiwi zisabela kahle kokubili kumanyolo we-organic kanye nowendabuko:

• Umanyolo wemvelo olinganiselayo (njenge-5-5-5) unikeza ukudla okunomsoco okukhipha kancane
• Umquba kanye nomquba ogugile kuthuthukisa isakhiwo somhlabathi ngenkathi kungezwa izakhamzimba
• I-emulsion yenhlanzi noma izithako zasolwandle zingasetshenziswa njengokudla okungeziwe kwamaqabunga
• Gwema umanyolo onosawoti omningi ongalimaza izimpande ze-kiwi ezizwelayo

Uma usebenzisa umanyolo, usakaze ngesiyingi uzungeze isitshalo, uqale ngamasentimitha angu-1.2 ukusuka esiqwini bese udlulela emgqeni wokudonsa amanzi. Nisela kahle ngemva kokufaka ukuze usize izakhamzimba zifinyelele endaweni yezimpande.

Ukuthena Nokuqeqesha: Ukwakha Izivini Zakho Ukuze Zikhiqize Kakhulu

Umvini weKiwi ngaphambi kokuthena (kwesobunxele) kanye nangemva kokuthena nokuqeqeshwa okufanele (kwesokudla)

Ukuthena nokuqeqeshwa okufanele kubalulekile ekuphatheni ukukhula okunamandla kwemivini ye-kiwi kanye nokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwezithelo. Ngaphandle kokuthena njalo, imivini iba yinqwaba ephithene enekhwalithi yezithelo enciphile kanye nobuningi obuphansi.

Izinhlelo Zokuqeqesha

Imivini ye-Kiwi ivame ukuqeqeshwa kwenye yezinhlelo ezimbili eziyinhloko:

Uhlelo lwe-T-Bar

• Isiqu esisodwa esinama-cordon amabili avundlile (izingalo) anwebeka ngezindlela eziphambene
• Izinduku ezithela izithelo eziqeqeshwe ngezintambo ezingalweni ze-T-bar
• Inikeza ukujikeleza okuhle komoya kanye nokukhanya kwelanga
• Kwenza ukunqunywa nokuvuna kuhleleke kakhudlwana

Uhlelo lwe-Pergola/Arbor

• Imivini eqeqeshwe phezu kwesakhiwo esingaphezulu
• Izithelo ziyalenga ukuze kube lula ukuzivuna
• Kudala umthunzi omnandi ngaphansi
• Kungaba nzima kakhulu ukuthena kahle

Ukuqhathaniswa kwezinhlobo zemivini ye-kiwi ngaphambi nangemva kokukhula okuhlukahlukene, okubonisa ukukhula okubanzi, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlobo zemivini ezisikiwe kahle eziqeqeshwe ngendlela ye-trellis. Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Isikhathi Sokuthena

Imivini ye-Kiwi idinga izindlela ezahlukene zokuthena ngokusekelwe kubulili kanye nesizini:

Ukuqeqeshwa Kwezinyathelo Ngezinyathelo Kwezitshalo Ezintsha

1. Unyaka Wokuqala: Ngemva kokutshala, nquma uphinde uthele amahlumela aqinile angu-2-3. Khetha ihlumela eliqine kakhulu elivelayo ukuze libe yisiqu esiyinhloko bese ususa wonke amanye. Qeqesha leli hlumela phezulu phezulu esigxotsheni phezulu kwesakhiwo sakho sokusekela.
2. Unyaka Wesibili: Uma isiqu sesifinyelele ukuphakama okufiswayo, khetha amahlumela amabili aqinile akhula ngezindlela eziphambene ukuze abe yizingalo zakho eziyinhloko. Qeqesha lawa ngezintambo ezivundlile bese usika amahlumela ancintisanayo.
3. Unyaka Wesithathu: Vumela amahlumela akhule kusuka kuma-cordon ngezikhawu ezingu-8-12 intshi. Lawa azoba yizinduku zakho ezithela izithelo. Sika amanye amahlumela ukuze ulondoloze isakhiwo.
4. Unyaka Wesine Nangaphezulu: Hlela inqubo yokuthena njalo ukuze ulondoloze uhlaka oluyisisekelo ngenkathi ukhuthaza ukhuni olusha oluthela izithelo minyaka yonke.

Umdwebo obhalwe ilebula obonisa isakhiwo somvini we-kiwi, lapho izithelo zikhula khona ezingodweni zonyaka owodwa ubudala, kanye nokunqunywa okufanele. Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Ukuqonda Umkhuba Wokuthela Izithelo

Ukuze unciphise kahle, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi izitshalo ze-kiwi zikhiqiza kanjani izithelo:

• Izithelo ze-kiwi zakha amahlumela esizini yamanje akhula okhunini olunonyaka owodwa ubudala
• Izinkuni ezindala (ezineminyaka engu-2+) azivamile ukukhiqiza amahlumela athela izithelo
• Njalo ebusika, uzosusa iningi lamahlumela athela izithelo ngonyaka odlule, ugcine izinduku ezikhethiwe kuphela zokukhiqiza ngonyaka ozayo.
• Umgomo uwukugcina ibhalansi yokhuni oluthela izithelo ngenkathi ulawula ubukhulu bomvini

Ukuphathwa Kwezinambuzane Nezifo: Ukugcina Izihlahla Zakho Ziphilile

Izinkinga ezivamile ze-kiwi: ukulimala kwesithwathwa (kwesobunxele), izimpawu zokubola kwezimpande (phakathi), kanye nokulimala kwebhungane laseJapan (kwesokudla)

Nakuba izitshalo ze-kiwi ngokuvamile ziqinile, zingabhekana nezinselele eziningana ezivela ezinambuzaneni, ezifweni, kanye nezimo zemvelo. Ukuhlonza nokuxazulula lezi zinkinga ngokushesha kubalulekile ekugcineni imivini iphilile futhi ikhiqiza.

Izinambuzane Ezivamile

Imivini ye-Kiwi ingathinteka yizinambuzane eziningana:

• Izimbungulu zaseJapan: Zidla amaqabunga, okudala ukubukeka okufana namathambo. Lawula ngokukha ngesandla, ukumboza imigqa, noma izibulala-zinambuzane eziphilayo.
• Izibungu zesicabucabu ezinamabala amabili: Zibangela ukugoba kwamaqabunga kanye ne-webbing encane. Ziphathe ngezifutho zamanzi ezinamandla noma insipho yokubulala izinambuzane.
• Ama-thrip: Angalimaza izimbali kanye nezithelo ezikhulayo. Lawula ngensipho yokubulala izinambuzane noma uwoyela we-neem.
• Ama-Leafrollers: Ama-caterpillar agoqa futhi abophe amaqabunga ndawonye. Susa amaqabunga athintekile noma sebenzisa i-Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt).

Ukuphathwa Kwezifo

Izifo eziningana zingathinta izitshalo ze-kiwi:

• Ukubola kwezimpande ze-Phytophthora: Kubangelwa inhlabathi egcwele amanzi, izimpawu zifaka phakathi amaqabunga aphuzi kanye nokubuna. Ukuvimbela ngokusebenzisa amanzi amahle kubalulekile.
• Ukubola kwe-Botrytis: Isikhunta esimpunga esithinta izimbali nezithelo. Thuthukisa ukujikeleza komoya ngokusika kahle futhi ugweme ukuchelela ngaphezulu.
• Ukubuna kwe-Verticillium: Isifo se-fungus esithwalwa yinhlabathi esibangela ukubuna kanye nokufa. Gwema ukutshala enhlabathini lapho kukhule khona izitshalo ezisengozini.
• Ukubola komqhele: Isifo sesikhunta esithinta isisekelo sesitshalo. Qinisekisa ukujula okufanele kokutshala futhi ugweme ukubopha isihlahla.

Izinkinga Zemvelo

Izici zemvelo zingathinta impilo ye-kiwi:

• Ukulimala kweqhwa: Amahlumela asentwasahlobo asheshe ahlushwe yiqhwa. Sebenzisa izembozo zemigqa noma khetha izindawo zokutshala ngokucophelela.
• Ukushiswa yilanga: Kungathinta iziqu zezitshalo ezincane nezithelo. Nikeza umthunzi wezitshalo ezincane futhi ugcine amaqabunga anele embozwe izithelo.
• Umonakalo womoya: Imimoya enamandla ingaphula amahlumela futhi ibangele izibazi zezithelo. Tshala ezindaweni ezivikelekile noma ufake izithiyo zomoya.
• Ukushoda kwezakhamzimba: Amaqabunga aphuzi noma ukukhula okungekuhle kungabonisa izinkinga zezakhamzimba. Ukuhlolwa kwenhlabathi kungakhomba ukushoda okuthile.

Izindlela Zokuphatha Izinto Eziphilayo

Izinkinga eziningi ze-kiwi zingavinjelwa noma ziphathwe ngendlela yemvelo:

• Gcina amandla ezitshalo ngokunisela kahle, ukufaka umanyolo, kanye nokuthena
• Khuthaza izinambuzane ezizuzisayo ngokutshala izitshalo ezihlukahlukene eziqhakaza eduze
• Faka i-mulch yemvelo ukuze ucindezele ukhula futhi ugcine umswakama enhlabathini
• Sebenzisa itiye lomquba noma izithako zasolwandle ukuze uqinise amasosha omzimba ezitshalweni
• Hlakulela inhlanzeko enhle ngokususa nokulahla izinto zezitshalo ezinesifo

Isithombe esihlanganisiwe esibonisa amaqabunga e-kiwi alimele yiqhwa, izimpande ze-kiwi ezibolile ezibanjwe ngaphezu kwenhlabathi, kanye namaqabunga e-kiwi adliwe yizimbungulu zaseJapan. Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Ukuvuna: Ukujabulela Izithelo Zomsebenzi Wakho

Ukuvuna i-kiwifruit evuthiwe ngokusondela okubonisa izinkomba ezifanele zokuvuthwa

Ngemva kweminyaka emi-3-5 yokunakekela nokubekezela, imivini yakho ye-kiwi izokuvuza ngesivuno esikhulu. Ukwazi ukuthi uzovuna nini futhi kanjani kuqinisekisa ukunambitheka okungcono kakhulu kanye nokukwazi ukugcina i-kiwifruit yakho etshalwe ekhaya.

Isikhathi Sokuvuna

Isikhathi sokuvuna siyahluka phakathi kwezinhlobo ze-kiwi:

I-Hardy Kiwi (Ama-Kiwiberry)

• Ngokuvamile uvuthwa ngasekupheleni kwehlobo kuya ekuqaleni kwekwindla (Agasti-Septhemba)
• Ingavunwa uma ithambile kancane uma uyithinta
• Izithelo zizovuthwa emvinini futhi zikhiqize ukunambitheka okugcwele
• Vuna kancane kancane njengoba izithelo zivuthwa
• Izithelo ezivuthiwe zinoshukela ongu-18-25%

I-Kiwifruit Engacacile

• Ukuvuna ekupheleni kwekwindla (Okthoba-Novemba)
• Khetha uma izithelo ziqinile kodwa imbewu isiphenduke yaba mnyama
• Ngeke ivuthwe ngokugcwele emvinini ezindaweni eziningi
• Vuna ngaphambi kokuba iqhwa lokuqala eliqinile
• Kudinga ukuvuthwa ngemva kokuvunwa

Amasu Okuvuna

Izindlela ezifanele zokuvuna zisiza ekulondolozeni ikhwalithi yezithelo:

• Vuna ngosuku olomile lapho izithelo zomile
• Ukuze uthole ama-kiwiberry, donsa noma usonte izithelo emvinini kancane
• Uma ufuna i-kiwifruit ethambile, sika isiqu nge-pruners kunokuba usidonse
• Phatha izithelo ngokucophelela ukuze ugweme ukubhoboza
• Qoqa ezitsheni ezingashoni ukuze uvimbele ukuchotshozwa
• Susa noma yiziphi izithelo ezonakele noma ezigulayo

Izandla eziseduze zivuna izithelo ze-kiwi ezivuthiwe emvinini ngezinsimbi zokuthena kanye nebhasikidi lezithelo eduze. Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Ukuvuthwa Nokuhlolwa

Ukuze uthole ukuthi i-kiwifruit yakho isilungele ukuvunwa:

• Ama-Kiwiberry: Ukuhlolwa kokunambitha kuyisibonakaliso esihle kakhulu. Uma izithelo ziqala ukuthamba, zama esinye ukuhlola ukukhula kokunambitheka.
• I-kiwifruit ethambile: Sika isithelo esiyisampula bese uhlola ukuthi imbewu isiphenduke yaba mnyama. Okuqukethwe ushukela kufanele okungenani kube ngu-6-8% ukuze kuvuthwe kahle ngemva kokuvunwa.

I-kiwifruit esikiwe ekhombisa imbewu emnyama - isibonakaliso esiyinhloko sokulungela ukuvunwa kwama-kiwi athambile

Umvini we-kiwi ovuthiwe ungakhiqiza isivuno esihle kakhulu:

• Imivini ye-kiwi eqinile (i-kiwiberry): amakhilogremu angu-50-150 ngomvini ngamunye
• Izithelo ze-kiwifruit ezithambile: amakhilogremu angu-70-100 ngomvini ngamunye

Ngokunakekelwa kahle nokuthenwa, imivini izoqhubeka nokukhiqiza kulezi zigaba iminyaka eminingi.

Ukusondela kwe-kiwifruit esikiwe enenyama eluhlaza okotshani kanye nendandatho yembewu emnyama ekhule ngokugcwele ekhombisa ukuvuthwa okufanele kwesivuno. Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Ukugcina Nokusebenzisa: Ukusebenzisa Kahle Isivuno Sakho

Izinketho zokugcina kanye nokusetshenziswa kokupheka kwe-kiwifruit ekhule ekhaya

Uma usuvunile i-kiwifruit yakho, indawo yokugcina efanele kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuciko kuzokusiza ukuthi ujabulele inzuzo yakho izinyanga ezizayo. Izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-kiwi zidinga izindlela ezahlukene zokugcina.

Izindlela Zokugcina

I-Hardy Kiwi (Ama-Kiwiberry)

• Ukuqandisa: Gcina izithelo ezivuthiwe ezikhwameni zepulasitiki ezivulekile esiqandisini amasonto ama-2-4
• Ukuqandisa: Faka ama-kiwiberry avuthiwe ngokuphelele ethreyini, bese uwafaka ezikhwameni zefriji ukuze uwagcine isikhathi eside.
• Ukuvuthwa: Vuthwa izithelo eziqinile ekamelweni lokushisa kuze kube yilapho zithambile

I-Kiwifruit Engacacile

• Indawo yokugcina ebandayo: Gcina izithelo ezingavuthiwe endaweni epholile (32-40°F) kuze kube izinyanga ezi-4-6
• Ukuvuthwa: Ukuze uvuthwe, beka izithelo eduze kwama-apula noma ubhanana endaweni yokushisa yegumbi
• Ukuqandisa: Uma sekuvuthiwe, gcina esiqandisini amasonto angu-1-2

Ukusetshenziswa Culinary

I-Kiwifruit isebenziseka ngezindlela eziningi ekhishini futhi ingasetshenziswa ngezindlela eziningi:

• Ukudla okusha: Ama-kiwi aqinile angadliwa ephelele njengamagilebhisi; ama-kiwi athambile ngokuvamile ahlutshwa futhi anqunywe
• Amasaladi ezithelo: Engeza umbala, ukunambitheka, kanye nokudla okunempilo ezitsheni zezithelo ezixubile
• Ama-smoothie: Hlanganisa nezinye izithelo ukuze uthole iziphuzo ezinempilo
• Ama-dessert: Sebenzisa njengezinto zokwengeza i-pavlova, i-cheesecake, noma ama-tarts
• Izinto Zokugcina: Yenza i-kiwi jam, i-jelly, noma i-chutney
• Izithelo ezomisiwe: Sika bese ukhipha amanzi emzimbeni ukuze uthole ukudla okulula okunomsoco
• I-fastizer yenyama: Ama-enzyme aku-kiwifruit angathambisa inyama (hlikihla izingcezu enyameni imizuzu eyi-10-15 ngaphambi kokupheka)

Icebiso Lokupheka: I-Kiwifruit iqukethe i-actinidin, i-enzyme ephula amaprotheni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izovimbela i-gelatin ukuthi iqine futhi ingaqinisa imikhiqizo yobisi uma ishiywe isikhathi eside kakhulu. Ukuze uthole ama-dessert anobisi noma i-gelatin, engeza i-kiwi ngaphambi nje kokuphakela.

Indawo yasekhishini ebonisa i-kiwifruit igcinwe esiqandisini, iqandisiwe ezitsheni, futhi ilungiselelwe njengejamu, i-smoothie, i-tart, i-parfait, namasaladi. Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Izinzuzo Zokudla Okunempilo

I-kiwifruit ekhule ekhaya inikeza inani elimangalisayo lokudla okunempilo:

• Iphezulu kakhulu ku-vitamin C (ngaphezu kwama-orange)
• Umthombo omuhle we-fiber yokudla
• Iqukethe i-potassium, i-vitamin E, kanye ne-folate
• Inikeza ama-antioxidants asekela ukusebenza komzimba
• Amakhalori aphansi (cishe amakhalori angu-60 ngamagremu ayi-100)

Ukuxazulula Izinkinga Ezivamile: Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Kungani imivini yami ye-kiwi ingakhiqizi izithelo?

Kunezici eziningana ezingavimbela ukuthela izithelo:

• Ubudala: Izitshalo ze-Kiwi ngokuvamile zithatha iminyaka emi-3-5 ukuqala ukukhiqiza izithelo
• Ukuthuthwa kwempova: Ungaba nezitshalo zesifazane noma zesilisa kuphela. Qiniseka ukuthi unazo zombili ngaphandle kokutshala izinhlobo ezizivundisayo.
• Ukuthena: Ukuthena ngokweqile noma okungafanele kungasusa ukhuni oluthela izithelo
• Umonakalo weqhwa: Amaqhwa asentwasahlobo kungenzeka ukuthi abulale amahlumela ezimbali
• Isimo Sezulu: Uhlobo lwakho lungase lungafaneleki endaweni yakho yokukhulisa

Amaqabunga ami e-kiwi aphenduka abe phuzi. Kwenzenjani?

Amaqabunga aphuzi angabonisa izinkinga eziningana:

• Ukuntuleka kwezakhamzimba: Ikakhulukazi i-nitrogen, i-iron, noma i-magnesium
• Ukunisela ngokweqile: Inhlabathi emanzi ingabangela izinkinga zezimpande kanye nokuphuzi
• Ukubola kwezimpande: Isifo sefungal esibangelwa ukumuncwa kwamanzi okungekuhle
• Ukuguga okuvamile: Ukuphuzi kancane kwamaqabunga amadala ekwindla kuvamile

Hlola umswakama wenhlabathi kanye nokuphuma kwamanzi kuqala, bese ucabangela ukuhlolwa kwenhlabathi ukuze uthole ukuntuleka kwezakhamzimba ezithile.

Ngingazi kanjani ukuthi nginezitshalo ze-kiwi zesilisa noma zesifazane?

Ungahlukanisa izitshalo zesilisa nezesifazane kuphela uma ziqhakaza, ngokuvamile ngonyaka wazo wesithathu:

• Izimbali zesifazane: Zine-pistil ephakathi ekhule kahle enezinhlamba eziningi futhi zikhiqiza izithelo uma zitholwa impova
• Izimbali zesilisa: Zinezithombo eziningi ezinempova ephuzi kodwa azinazo i-pistil ephakathi futhi azikaze zikhiqize izithelo

Kuze kube yilapho kuvela izimbali, thembela kumalebula ezitshalo ezivela ezindaweni zokukhulisa izitshalo ezidumile. Uma ukhula ngeziqu, gcina amarekhodi aqaphile ngobulili besitshalo esivela kuso.

Izithelo zami ze-kiwi zikhula ngamandla kodwa azikhiqizi izithelo eziningi. Kungani?

Ukukhula ngokweqile kwezitshalo ngenxa yokuthela izithelo kuvamile futhi kuvame ukukhombisa:

• Ukuvundisa ngokweqile: I-nitrogen eningi kakhulu ikhuthaza ukukhula kwamaqabunga ngaphezu kokukhiqizwa kwezithelo
• Ukungathenwa ngokwanele: Ngaphandle kokuthenwa okufanele, imivini ifaka amandla ekukhuleni kunokuba ithele izithelo
• Izitshalo ezincane: Izihlahla ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-3-5 ubudala zigxila ekuzinzeni ngaphambi kokuba zithele kakhulu

Isixazululo: Nciphisa umanyolo we-nitrogen, sebenzisa izindlela ezifanele zokuthena, futhi ubekezele izitshalo ezincane.

Ngingakwazi yini ukukhulisa i-kiwi ezitsheni?

Yebo, kodwa kunemikhawulo:

• I-Hardy kiwi (i-Actinidia arguta) ijwayeleka kangcono ekutshalweni kwebhodweni kune-fuzzy kiwifruit
• Sebenzisa isitsha esikhulu (ubuncane bamalitha angu-20) esinomsele omuhle kakhulu wokukhipha amanzi
• Nikeza i-trellis eqinile noma isakhiwo sokusekela
• Khetha izinhlobo ezincane noma ezizivundisayo njengo-'Issai'
• Lindela isivuno esinciphile uma kuqhathaniswa nemivini etshalwe emhlabathini
• Vikela izitshalo ezikhuliswe esitsheni emakhazeni asebusika, njengoba izimpande zisengozini enkulu

Izivini zami ze-kiwi zizothela izithelo kuze kube nini?

Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, imivini ye-kiwi ihlala isikhathi eside futhi ikhiqiza:

• Izihlahla ngokuvamile ziqala ukuthela eminyakeni engu-3-5
• Ukukhiqizwa okuphezulu kwenzeka cishe eminyakeni engu-8-10
• Imivini enakekelwe kahle ingaqhubeka nokukhiqiza iminyaka engama-20-50
• Ukuthena njalo, umanyolo, kanye nokuphathwa kwezinambuzane kuyisihluthulelo sokuphila isikhathi eside

Umvini we-kiwi ovuthiwe ogcwele i-kiwifruit evuthiwe ekhula phezu kwe-pergola yokhuni engadini ekhanyiswe yilanga. Chofoza noma uthephe isithombe ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Isiphetho: Uhambo Lwakho Lokukhula Kwe-Kiwi

Ukutshala ama-kiwi ekhaya kudinga isineke nokunaka imininingwane, kodwa imivuzo iwufanele umzamo. Kusukela ekukhetheni izinhlobo ezifanele isimo sezulu sakho kuya ekuqondeni amasu okuthena, isinyathelo ngasinye kule nqubo sinikeza isivuno esihle nesithelayo esinganikeza izithelo ezimnandi amashumi eminyaka.

Khumbula ukuthi izitshalo ze-kiwi ziwutshalomali lwesikhathi eside engadini yakho. Nakuba kungathatha iminyaka engu-3-5 ngaphambi kokuba uvune izithelo zakho zokuqala, izivini ezivuthiwe zingakhiqiza kakhulu iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20 ngokunakekelwa okufanele. Izinzuzo zokudla okunempilo kanye nokunambitheka okuhlukile kwe-kiwifruit etshalwe ekhaya kuzenza zibe yinto ewusizo kunoma iyiphi ingadi yasekhaya.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukhetha ama-kiwiberry aqinile achuma ezindaweni ezibandayo noma ama-kiwifruit athambile ezindaweni ezifudumele, sebenzisa ulwazi oluvela kulo mhlahlandlela ukuze udale izimo zokukhula ezifanele. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imivini yakho yama-kiwi izoba isici esikhiqizayo nesinhle endaweni yakho, inikeze kokubili isithakazelo esibonakalayo kanye nesivuno esinomsoco iminyaka ezayo.

Ukufunda Okuqhubekayo

Uma ukujabulele lokhu okuthunyelwe, ungaphinda uthande lezi ziphakamiso:

• Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Wokukhulisa Amagilebhisi Engadini Yakho Yasekhaya
• Umhlahlandlela Wokukhulisa Amajikijolo Angcono Kakhulu E-Aronia Engadini Yakho
• Amajikijolo Anempilo Kakhulu Azokhula Engadini Yakho