Umhlahlandlela Wokutshala Ama-Artichoke Engadini Yakho
Kushicilelwe: Januwari 26, 2026 09:07:20 UTC
Ukutshala ama-artichoke engadini yakho kunikeza kokubili ukukhanga okubonakalayo kanye nemivuzo yokupheka. Ngamaqabunga awo aluhlaza okwesiliva kanye nezimbali ezimnandi ezidliwayo, ama-artichoke enza isengezo esimangalisayo kunoma iyiphi indawo engadini.
A Guide to Growing Artichokes in Your Own Garden
Nakuba zivame ukuhlotshaniswa nezimo zezulu zaseMedithera, lezi zitshalo ezihlaba umxhwele zingachuma ezindaweni ezahlukene ngokunakekelwa okufanele. Lo mhlahlandlela uzokuqondisa kukho konke okudingeka ukwazi ukuze ukhule ngempumelelo ama-artichoke akho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usezindaweni ezifudumele zasogwini noma endaweni epholile yasenyakatho.
Ukuqonda Ama-Artichokes
Izitshalo ze-artichoke ezigcwele i-globe zengeza izakhi zokwakha ezimangalisayo kunoma iyiphi ingadi
I-globe artichoke (i-Cynara scolymus) iyilungu lomndeni we-thistle, elikhuliswe ngenxa yamahlumela ayo ezimbali athambile futhi adliwayo. Lokho esikudlayo njenge-"artichoke" empeleni kuyihlumela lezimbali elingakavuthwa ngaphambi kokuba liqhakaze. Uma lingavunwanga, la mahlumela angavuleka abe izimbali ezinhle ezifana ne-thistle ensomi-luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ama-artichoke anomlando othakazelisayo ezingadini zaseNyakatho Melika. Kubikwa ukuthi uThomas Jefferson wawatshala eMonticello kusukela ngo-1767. Namuhla, ngenkathi ukukhiqizwa kwezentengiselwano kugxile ogwini lwaseCalifornia, abalimi basekhaya ezindaweni ezahlukene zesimo sezulu bangatshala ngempumelelo lezi zitshalo ezinhle.
Ubuwazi? Ama-artichoke ayizitshalo ezihlala isikhathi eside ezindaweni ezipholile (Izindawo 7-11), eziphila iminyaka efinyelela kwemi-5. Ezindaweni ezibandayo (Izindawo 3-6), angatshalwa njengonyaka ngamasu akhethekile.
Isimo Sezulu Nezimo Zokukhula
Ama-artichoke ngokwemvelo athanda izimo ezithambile, ezifana nogu lolwandle kanye nehlobo elipholile, elinenkungu kanye nobusika obuthambile. Kodwa-ke, ngendlela efanele, abalimi ezindaweni ezahlukene zezulu bangajabulela impumelelo.
Ukukhula Njengezitshalo Ezihlala Isikhathi Eside (Izindawo 7-11)
Kulezi zimo zezulu ezipholile, ama-artichoke angaphila iminyaka eminingana, akhiqize isivuno minyaka yonke. Izitshalo zizofa ebusika futhi ziphinde zikhule entwasahlobo. Ezindaweni 8-9, zingadinga ukuvikelwa ebusika nge-mulch ngesikhathi sokuqandisa ngezikhathi ezithile.
Ukukhula Njengezitshalo Zonyaka (Izindawo 3-6)
Ezindaweni ezibandayo, ama-artichoke angatshalwa njengonyaka ngokuwaqala kusenesikhathi endlini futhi asebenzise izinhlobo ezithile ezifuyelwe ukukhiqizwa minyaka yonke. Ngokusebenzisa isikhathi nokunakekelwa okufanele, usengajabulela isivuno esihle ngesizini eyodwa.
Ideal Growing Conditions
| Imfuneko | Izimo Ezikahle | Amanothi |
| Ukukhanya kwelanga | Ilanga eligcwele kuya emthunzini oyingxenye | Okungenani amahora ayi-6 okukhanya kwelanga okuqondile nsuku zonke; umthunzi othile ntambama uyasiza ezindaweni ezishisayo |
| Uhlobo Lomhlabathi | Kukhanya, kuvundile, kuphuma amanzi kahle | Inhlabathi enesihlabathi noma ethambile iyona engcono kakhulu; inhlabathi yobumba obunzima kufanele ilungiswe |
| I-pH yomhlabathi | 6.0-7.0 | Kuno-acid kancane kuya kokungathathi hlangothi |
| Isikhala | Ukuhlukana ngamafidi angu-3-4 | Imigqa iqhelelene ngamafidi angu-4-6; izitshalo zingafinyelela ubude obungamafidi angu-3-4 futhi zibanzi |
| Izinga lokushisa | 60-70°F (15-21°C) | Ibekezelela iqhwa elincane kodwa ayibekezeleli ukuqandisa okuqinile |
Ukuqala ama-Artichokes
Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuqala ama-artichoke engadini yakho: kusukela embewini noma kusukela ekuhlukaniseni/ekuqaleni kwenkulisa. Indlela ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo kuye ngesimo sezulu sakho kanye nemigomo yakho yokukhulisa.
Kusukela kuMbewu
Ukuqala ama-artichoke ngembewu kuyonga imali futhi kukuvumela ukuthi uzame izinhlobo ezahlukene. Le ndlela ibaluleke kakhulu kubalimi ezindaweni ezibandayo abatshala ama-artichoke njengonyaka.
Ungaqala Nini Imbewu
- Qala imbewu endlini amasonto angu-8-10 ngaphambi kosuku lwakho lokugcina lwesithwathwa sasentwasahlobo
- Imbewu ihluma kahle kakhulu emazingeni okushisa aphakathi kuka-70-80°F (21-27°C)
- Sebenzisa umata wokushisa ukuze ugcine izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi lihlala lifana
- Lindela ukuhluma ezinsukwini eziyi-10-14
Inqubo Yokuqala Imbewu
- Gcwalisa izitsha zokuqala imbewu ngengxube yekhwalithi yokuqala imbewu
- Imbewu yezitshalo ijule ngo-¼ intshi
- Gcina inhlabathi imanzi njalo kodwa ingagcwali amanzi
- Uma izithombo sezinamaqabunga eqiniso angu-3-4, zifake ezitsheni ezingamasentimitha angu-4.
- Khula ku-60-70°F emini kanye no-50-60°F ebusuku
Ukwenziwa Kwezitshalo Ezintsha Zokukhula Kwaminyaka Yonke: Ukuze kukhiqizwe minyaka yonke ezindaweni ezibandayo, izitshalo ze-artichoke zidinga isikhathi sokushisa okupholile (45-50°F) cishe izinsuku eziyi-10 ukuze kuqale ukwakheka kwamahlumela. Lokhu kungafezwa ngokujwayeza kancane kancane izithombo ezimweni zangaphandle lapho amazinga okushisa edlula izinga lokushisa kodwa epholile.
Kusukela Ezigabeni noma Ezitshalweni Zezingane
Ezimweni ezifudumele lapho ama-artichoke ekhula khona njengezitshalo ezihlala isikhathi eside, ungathenga izitshalo ezitshaliwe ezinkulisa noma uhlukanise izitshalo ezikhona. Le ndlela ikunika ithuba lokuqala isizini yokukhula.
Izinzuzo Zezitshalo Zenkulisa
- Isikhathi esisheshayo sokuvuna
- Izinga lempumelelo eliphakeme labaqalayo
- Ukukhetha okuqinisekisiwe kwezinhlobo
- Asikho isidingo semishini yokuqala imbewu
Inqubo yokutshala
- Lungisa umgodi wokutshala ububanzi obuphindwe kabili kunebhola lempande
- Hlanganisa umquba enhlabathini yendabuko
- Beka isitshalo ekujuleni okufanayo esasikhula kukho esitsheni
- Gcwalisa ngengxube yenhlabathi bese uqinisa kancane
- Nisela kahle emva kokutshala
Ukusebenzisa Izigaba
Ezitshalweni ezihlala isikhathi eside, ungahlukanisa izitshalo ze-artichoke njalo eminyakeni emi-3-4 ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Bamba umqhele bese uhlukanisa amahlumela anezimpande ezinamathele, bese utshala kabusha ngokushesha.
Izinhlobo ze-Artichoke Ezinconywayo
Kokukhiqizwa Kwaminyaka Yonke
- I-Imperial Star - Ikhuliswe ngokukhethekile ukukhiqizwa kwaminyaka yonke, ikhiqiza amahlumela ngonyaka wokuqala ngembewu
- I-Colorado Star - Uhlobo lwaminyaka yonke olunezimbali ezinsomi
- I-Opera - Ukuvuthwa kusenesikhathi nokubekezelelana okuhle kokubanda
Kwezingadi Ezihlala Njalo
- I-Green Globe - Uhlobo lwendabuko olunephunga elimnandi kakhulu
- Inhliziyo Enkulu - Uhlobo olungenamithongo olunezihlumela ezinkulu
- I-Violetto - Ifa lase-Italy elinamahlumela ansomi
Ukukhulisa Izitsha
- I-Tempo - Uhlobo oluncane olufanele izitsha ezinkulu
- I-Purple of Romagna - Uhlobo lwase-Italy olunokulungiswa okuhle kwesitsha
- I-Emerald - Isitshalo esincane esikhiqiza kahle
Ukunakekelwa Nokunakekelwa
Ukunakekelwa okufanele kubalulekile ezitshalweni ze-artichoke ezinempilo kanye nesivuno esiningi. Lezi zitshalo zidla kakhulu futhi zidinga ukunakekelwa njalo phakathi nenkathi yokukhula.
Ukunisela
Ama-artichoke adinga umswakama oqhubekayo ukuze akhiqize amahlumela athambile namnandi. Ukunisela okungaguquki kungaholela kuma-artichoke aqinile nababayo.
- Nisela ngokujulile futhi kaningi kunokunisela ngokungajulile njalo
- Nikeza amasentimitha angu-1-2 amanzi ngesonto, ulungise imvula
- Nisela phansi kwezitshalo ukugcina amahlamvu omile futhi uvimbele izifo
- Khulisa ukuchelela ngesikhathi sokwakheka kwamahlumela kanye nezikhathi ezishisayo nezomile
- Nciphisa ukuchelela ekwindla ukuze izitshalo ezihlala isikhathi eside zilungele ukulala
Ukuvundisa
Njengezinto zokudla ezisindayo, ama-artichoke azuza ekuvundisweni njalo phakathi nenkathi yokukhula.
- Ngaphambi kokutshala, faka umquba noma umquba obolile kahle enhlabathini
- Faka umanyolo wemvelo olinganiselayo (njengo-10-10-10) ngesikhathi sokutshala
- Faka umquba eceleni noma umanyolo olinganiselayo lapho izitshalo ziphakeme ngamasentimitha angu-1.5
- Faka umanyolo owengeziwe lapho amahlumela eqala ukwakheka
- Ukuze uthole izitshalo ezikhula isikhathi eside, zondle futhi ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo lapho kuvela ukukhula okusha
Ukumboza ngezimbobo
I-mulch isebenza ngezinjongo eziningi ekutshalweni kwe-artichoke, isiza ukonga umswakama, ukucindezela ukhula, kanye nokulawula izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi.
- Faka ungqimba lwe-mulch oluyi-3-4 intshi nxazonke zezitshalo ngemva kokuba sezimile.
- Gcina i-mulch ikude ngamasentimitha ambalwa neziqu ukuze uvimbele ukubola
- Sebenzisa utshani, amaqabunga aqoshiwe, noma izingcezu zokhuni ezindala
- Ezimweni ezishisayo, i-mulch isiza ukugcina inhlabathi ipholile
- Ukuze uthole izitshalo ezihlala njalo ezindaweni ezingu-7-8, sebenzisa i-mulch eyengeziwe ekwindla ukuze uvikele ubusika
Ukunakekelwa Kwasebusika Kwezitshalo Ezihlala Njalo
Ezindaweni lapho ama-artichoke ekhula khona njengezitshalo ezihlala isikhathi eside, ukunakekelwa okufanele kwasebusika kuqinisekisa ukuthi izitshalo ziyasinda ukuze zikhiqize futhi ngonyaka olandelayo.
Kwezindawo 8 kanye Nokufudumala
- Ngemva kokuvuna ekwindla, sika izitshalo zibuyele phansi
- Mboza ngamasentimitha angu-3-4 e-mulch yemvelo
- Susa i-mulch kancane kancane entwasahlobo njengoba amazinga okushisa eshisa
Kwezindawo 6-7 (Izindawo Eziseceleni)
- Sika izitshalo zibe ngamasentimitha angu-12 ubude
- Faka i-mulch yemvelo phezu kwezitshalo
- Mboza ngebhasikidi eliguquliwe noma ibhodwe elikhulu
- Engeza olunye ungqimba lwe-mulch phezu naseduze kwesembozo
- Ukuhlobisa ngesembozo esingangeni manzi, imiphetho evikelayo
- Susa isivikelo ngemva kokuba ingozi yesithwathwa esiqinile isidlulile
Ukuvuna Ama-Artichoke
Ukwazi ukuthi uzovuna nini futhi kanjani ama-artichoke kubalulekile ukuze uwajabulele lapho enambitheka kahle futhi ethambile. Isikhathi sokuvuna kwakho sizoncika ekutheni uyawatshala njengonyaka noma njengezitshalo ezihlala isikhathi eside.
Vuna ama-artichoke uma amahlumela eqine futhi eqinile, ngaphambi kokuba ama-bracts aqale ukuhlukana
Isikhathi Sokuvuna
- Vuna amahlumela amakhulu uma esefinyelele ku-3-5 amasentimitha ububanzi
- Amahlumela kufanele aqine futhi abe mancane anezingxenyana ezivaliwe (izikali)
- Ezitshalweni ezihlala isikhathi eside, isivuno sokuqala sivame ukwenzeka entwasahlobo yonyaka wesibili
- Ezitshalweni zonyaka, ukuvunwa kuvame ukuqala maphakathi kuya ekupheleni kwehlobo
- Amahlumela esibili azokhula ngemva kokuba ihlumela eliyinhloko selivuniwe
Indlela Yokuvuna
- Sebenzisa ummese obukhali noma isikere sokuthena
- Sika isiqu sibe ngamasentimitha angu-1-3 ngaphansi kwehlumela
- Vuna ihlumela eliyinhloko (eliyi-terminal) kuqala uma selifinyelele usayizi ogcwele
- Ngemva kokuvuna ihlumela eliyinhloko, kuzovela amahlumela amancane aseceleni
- Qhubeka uvuna amahlumela aseceleni njengoba efinyelela usayizi ofanele
Izigaba zokukhula kwe-artichoke: kusukela ehlumeni elincane kuya embalini evulekile
Ukunakekelwa Ngemva Kokuvuna
Ukuphathwa kahle ngemva kokuvuna kuqinisekisa ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu futhi kwandisa isikhathi sokugcina.
- Faka ama-artichoke avuniwe efrijini ngokushesha
- Gcina ungagezwanga esikhwameni sepulasitiki esinezimbobo
- Ama-artichoke azohlala amasonto amabili esiqandisini
- Ezitshalweni ezihlala isikhathi eside, sika iziqu uzibuyisele emhlabathini ngemva kokuvuna kokugcina
- Ezimweni ezifudumele, ukusika izitshalo ngengxenye yesithathu phakathi nehlobo kungaveza isivuno sasekwindla
Ama-Artichoke Amancane: Ungalahli amahlumela amancane aseceleni! Lawa "ma-artichoke amancane" amnandi futhi avame ukuba mnene. Angaphekwa ephelele futhi abe "nokuchotshozwa" okuncane ngaphakathi.
Izinambuzane Nezinkinga Ezivamile
Nakuba ama-artichoke ngokuvamile ayizitshalo eziqinile, angabhekana nezinselele eziningana. Ukuhlonza nokuxazulula lezi zinkinga ngokushesha kuzosiza ukuqinisekisa isivuno esiphumelelayo.
Ama-aphid ayizinambuzane ezivame kakhulu kuma-artichoke kodwa angalawulwa yizilwane ezidla ezinye izilwane zemvelo
Ukuphathwa Kwezinambuzane
| Izinambuzane | Izimpawu | Izixazululo ze-Organic |
| Ama-aphid | Amaqoqo ezinambuzane ezincane emaqabunga nasemahlumela; izinsalela ezinamathelayo | Ukufutha amanzi okunamandla; insipho yokubulala izinambuzane; khuthaza izilwane ezidla ezinye njengezinambuzane zabesifazane |
| Ama-slugs kanye Neminenke | Imigodi emaqabunga; imizila yeslime | Izithiyo zomhlaba ezine-diatomaceous; izithiyo zobhiya; ukukha ngesandla ebusuku |
| Ama-Plume Moths | Imigudu eziqwini nasemahlumeni | Susa izingxenye ezithintekile; izibungu eziwusizo; i-Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) |
| Ama-Earwig | Imigodi eqhekekile emaqabunga | Izicupho zephephandaba ezigoqiwe; izicupho zikawoyela; umhlaba we-diatomaceous |
Ukuphathwa Kwezifo
| Izifo | Izimpawu | Ukuvimbela Nokwelapha |
| I-Botrytis Blight (Isikhunta Esimpunga) | Ukukhula okumpunga okufiphele emaqabungeni nasemahlumeni | Thuthukisa ukujikeleza komoya; gwema ukuchelela ngaphezulu; susa izingxenye ezithintekile; faka uwoyela we-neem |
| I-Powdery Mildew | Impuphu emhlophe enamathela emaqabunga | Isikhala esanele; ubisi olufuthwayo (isilinganiso esingu-1:10 namanzi); i-potassium bicarbonate |
| Ukubola kwezimpande | Ukubuna naphezu kwamanzi anele; amaqabunga aphuzi | Thuthukisa ukugeleza kwamanzi; gwema ukunisela ngokweqile; tshala emibhedeni ephakeme uma inhlabathi inzima |
| Igciwane Eligobile Eligobile | Ukukhula okubambezelekile; amaqabunga agobile, aphuzi | Lawula ama-aphid (ama-vector); susa futhi ubhubhise izitshalo ezithintekile; sebenzisa isitoko esingenawo amagciwane |
Izinkinga Zemvelo
Izinselele Ezivamile
- Ukucindezeleka kwesomiso okubangela amahlumela aqinile nababayo
- Inhlabathi egcwele amanzi eholela ekuboleni kwezimpande
- Ukushisa okukhulu okubangela ukuba izitshalo ziqhume
- Umonakalo obandayo ezindaweni eziseceleni
- Ukuntuleka kwezakhamzimba okuvela enhlabathini empofu
Amasu Okuvikela
- Uhlelo lokunisela oluqhubekayo
- Thuthukisa ukugeleza kwamanzi ngemibhede ephakanyisiwe
- Nikeza umthunzi wantambama ezindaweni ezishisayo
- Ukuvikelwa okufanele kwasebusika ezindaweni 6-7
- Ukuhlolwa kwenhlabathi njalo kanye nokulungiswa kwayo
Isexwayiso: Uma izitshalo ze-artichoke zibonisa izimpawu zesifo esibi noma ukutheleleka ngegciwane, ngokuvamile kungcono ukuzisusa ngokuphelele ukuze uvimbele ukusabalala kwezinye izitshalo. Qala kabusha ngezitshalo ezintsha, ezingenazo izifo endaweni ehlukile.
Isiphetho
Ukutshala ama-artichoke engadini yakho kungaba yinto evuzayo enikeza ubuhle bokuhlobisa kanye nesivuno esimnandi. Nakuba lezi zitshalo ezihlukile zinezidingo ezithile, ziyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezahlukene zokukhula ngokunakekelwa okufanele.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi utshala ama-artichoke njengezitshalo ezihlala isikhathi eside esimweni sezulu esithambile noma njengezitshalo zonyaka endaweni ebandayo, izihluthulelo zempumelelo ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi okufanele, ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo, kanye nokuvuna ngesikhathi. Amaqabunga aluhlaza okwesiliva aneza isici sokwakha esimangalisayo engadini yakho, futhi amahlumela amnandi anikeza ukudla okumnandi okunzima ukukuthola ezitolo.
Ungesabi idumela lama-artichoke njengesitshalo esikhethekile. Ngolwazi olukulesi siqondisi, ngisho nabalimi abasaqalayo bangatshala ngempumelelo lezi zitshalo ezihlaba umxhwele. Qala ngezitshalo ezimbalwa nje, futhi maduze uzothola ukuthi kungani abalimi bebelokhu betshala ama-artichoke amakhulu eminyaka.
Ukukhula okujabulisayo!
Imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa
Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukukhulisa ama-artichoke kusukela embewini kuze kube yilapho evunwa?
Uma utshala ama-artichoke njengonyaka kusukela embewini, lindela izinsuku ezingu-85-100 kusukela ekutshalweni kuya ekuvunweni. Isikhathi esiphelele kusukela ekuvunweni kuya ekuhlwanyelweni ngokuvamile siyizinsuku ezingu-150-180, kuye ngezimo zokukhula. Ekutshalweni okuhlala isikhathi eside, isivuno sokuqala esibalulekile sivame ukufika ngonyaka wesibili.
Ingabe ama-artichoke angatshalwa ezitsheni?
Yebo, ama-artichoke angatshalwa ezitsheni, kodwa adinga izimbiza ezinkulu (okungenani amasentimitha angu-24 ububanzi kanye namasentimitha angu-24 ukujula) ngenxa yezimpande zawo ezibanzi. Sebenzisa ingxube yebhodwe esezingeni eliphezulu ecebile ngomquba, qinisekisa ukuthi amanzi ageleza kahle, futhi unisele njalo. Ama-artichoke atshalwe ezitsheni angaba mancane kunezitshalo ezitshalwe engadini kodwa asengakhiqiza isivuno esihle.
Kungani amahlumela ami e-artichoke emancane futhi eqinile?
Amahlumela amancane, aqinile e-artichoke avame ukubangelwa yizici zokucindezeleka njengokunisela okungaguquki, ukuntuleka kwezakhamzimba, noma amazinga okushisa aphezulu. Qinisekisa ukuthi izitshalo zithola ukunisela okujulile njalo, umanyolo owanele, kanye nokuvikelwa ekushiseni okukhulu. Ukuvuna ngesikhathi esifanele (ngaphambi kokuba amahlumela aqale ukuvula) kuqinisekisa nokuthi ama-artichoke athambile.
Zingaki i-artichoke ezizokhiqizwa yisitshalo esisodwa?
Isitshalo se-artichoke esivuthiwe sivame ukukhiqiza amahlumela angu-5-8 ngesizini ngayinye uma sikhula njengonyaka, kanye namahlumela afinyelela ku-20-30 uma sikhula njengonyaka ohlala njalo eminyakeni yaso yesibili nelandelayo. Isitshalo ngasinye sizokhiqiza ihlumela elilodwa elikhulu lokuqala kanye namahlumela ambalwa amancane esibili. Ukukhiqizwa kuyahlukahluka kuye ngokuhlukahluka, izimo zokukhula, kanye nokunakekelwa.
Ukufunda Okuqhubekayo
Uma ukujabulele lokhu okuthunyelwe, ungaphinda uthande lezi ziphakamiso:
- Ukukhulisa i-Asparagus: Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Wabalimi Basemakhaya
- Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Wokukhulisa Amagilebhisi Engadini Yakho Yasekhaya
- Izinhlobo Ezingcono Kakhulu Zasesitrobheni Ongazikhulisa Engadini Yakho