Isithombe: Ukubuka kwe-Microscopic yamaseli emvubelo kabhiya

Ngaphansi kwe-lens yesibonakhulu esinamandla amakhulu, kuvela izwe elimangalisayo—elingabonakali ngeso lenyama kodwa elibalulekile ebucikweni bokwenza utshwala. Isithombe sithwebula i-Saccharomyces cerevisiae, uhlobo lwemvubelo oluvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ekuvubeleni kukabhiya, phakathi nomjikelezo wokuphila oguquguqukayo. Alengiswe endaweni yoketshezi eshintshashintshayo, enomsoco, amaseli eyeast abonakala njengamaqanda amise okweqanda, ngalinye linobuso obuthungwe kancane obubonisa ubunkimbinkimbi bawo bebhayoloji. Ziyahlukahluka ngobukhulu, ezinye zigcwele futhi zivuthiwe, ezinye ezincane futhi ezisanda kwakhiwa. Amangqamuzana amaningana ayahluma ngokusobala, inqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi i-asexual reproduction, lapho ingqamuzana elisha liphuma kumzali njengesathelayithi encane elungiselela ukuhlehla futhi iqale uhambo lwayo lwe-metabolic.

Uketshezi oluzungezile lukhazimula ngombala we-amber othambile, ohlanganiswe amathoni afudumele ansundu ngokusagolide amaseli ngokwawo. Lo mbala uphakamisa ukuvutshelwa okusebenzayo, isigaba lapho ushukela uguqulwa ube utshwala nesikhutha. Ukuba khona kwamabhamuza amancane amaningi ahlakazeke phakathi nendawo kuyawuqinisa lo mbono—ibhamuza ngalinye liwumkhiqizo womsebenzi we-yeast metabolism, likhuphuka kancane oketshezini olufana nezimpawu zoguquko eziphuphumayo. Lawa mabhamuza engeza umuzwa wokunyakaza namandla esigcawini, asenze sizizwe sincane njengesifinyezo esimile futhi sifana netafula eliphilayo.

Ukukhanyisa kusabalele futhi kuthambile, kusakaza okuvelele okucashile nezithunzi ezikhipha amakhonsathi eseli ngalinye. Lokhu kukhanya okuthambile kuthuthukisa ukujula kwesithombe, kuvumela isibukeli ukuba sazise ukwakheka kwemvubelo enezinhlangothi ezintathu kanye nendawo ewuketshezi ahlala kuyo. Ukuhlangana kokukhanya nokuthungwa kunikeza amaseli ikhwalithi ethintekayo, njengokungathi umuntu angakwazi ukufinyelela futhi ezwe ukunikeza kancane ulwelwesi lwawo, ukushelela kwamathiphu awo ahlumayo, noma ukugeleza okuncane koketshezi oluwazungezile.

Okwenza lo mbono we-microscopic uphoqelele ikakhulukazi isimo sawo esimbaxambili—ungokwesayensi kanye nobunkondlo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ihlinzeka ngokuningiliziwe ngemishini yebhayoloji ebangela ukuvutshelwa, inqubo eye yasetshenziswa abantu izinkulungwane zeminyaka ukuze bakhiqize ubhiya, isinkwa, nezinye izinto eziyisisekelo ezingenakubalwa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ivusa umuzwa wokumangala ngobuhle bempilo ye-microbial, ukuhlelwa okuthulile kwamaseli ahlukanisayo, ahlanganisa umzimba, futhi ahlanganyele kumdanso okhuthaza zonke izimboni namasiko.

Lesi sithombe singasebenza kalula njengethuluzi lokufundisa ku-microbiology noma isayensi yokuphisa, singabonisi nje kuphela ukumila kweyeast cells kodwa nezimo zemvelo ezisekela umsebenzi wawo. Ibonisa indlela imvubelo eziphatha ngayo ekumisweni, ukuthi ukuhluma kwenzeka kanjani, nokuthi ukuvutshelwa kubonakala kanjani ezingeni leselula. Kodwa ngalé kokubaluleka kwayo kwezemfundo, ibuye ikhulume nobuhle besayensi yezinto eziphilayo—amaphethini ayinkimbinkimbi, ukuhlukahluka okucashile, nokunyakaza okungaguquki okuchaza ukuphila ngezinga lakhona elincane kakhulu.

Esimweni sokwenziwa kotshwala, la mangqamuzana e-yeast awawona nje ama-microorganisms—ayizithunywa zokunambitheka, ukuthungwa, nephunga. Izindlela zabo ze-metabolic zinquma okuqukethwe kotshwala, umlomo, kanye nenqwaba yomkhiqizo wokugcina. Ngakho-ke, lesi sithombe asikona nje ukuthi sithi shazi elebhu—siyifasitela elingena enhliziyweni kabhiya ngokwawo, lapho isayensi nomsebenzi wezandla kuhlangana khona ngendlela ephuphumayo, esagolide. Kusikhumbuza ukuthi yonke ipeyinti iqala lapha, ezweni elincanyana eligcwele ukuphila nokwenzeka.

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